33:
987:
46:
839:
Norman, J.M. (1852). "Conatus praemissus redactionis novae generum nonnullorum
Lichenum in organis fructificationes vel sporis fundatae" [The attempt to establish new genera of lichens based on their fruiting bodies or spores].
538:
in the strict sense, which is widely distributed in North
America and Asia. These findings indicate that chemical differentiation, particularly in fatty acid composition, often precedes morphological changes and may drive
626:) are rare but, when they do appear, they are rounded, scattered, often few in number, and can be the same colour as or paler than the thallus. These soralia are convex and have an efflorescent (powdery) appearance.
633:(sexual reproductive structures) are usually frequent and measure between 0.5 and 1.7 mm in diameter, occasionally up to 3.0 mm. They are black, becoming convex or hemispherical as they mature, and can be
641:(sitting directly on the thallus) or slightly constricted at the base. These apothecia develop on a bright carmine-red thalline cushion that becomes visible when the thallus is damaged or worn. The
1294:
1123:
1188:
417:
forests across Asia, Europe, and North
America. Usually found on tree bark, it has been recorded less frequently on decorticated wood and moss-covered rocks.
234:
397:, which can appear very irregular and uneven, often with a thick, coarse, wart-like texture. The thallus may be continuous or somewhat cracked, with a
1281:
1097:
1136:
671:
with C–, K+ (yellow), and Pd+ (yellow), while the medulla reacts K+ (red) in parts and UV–, indicating the presence of chemical compounds such as
1214:
554:. This pigment is often visible in the tissue below the apothecia and gives the lichen its common name, "bloody heart lichen". The taxonomy of
32:
937:
645:(spore-producing cells) typically contain 1 to 3 spores. The ascospores themselves are cylindrical with rounded ends, measuring 70–100
1365:
558:
has been further complicated by historical recognition of unpigmented forms, which were sometimes classified as separate species, such as
1345:
1360:
659:, which are small asexual reproductive structures. These pycnidia are 40–50 μm in diameter, with dark green walls, and produce
667:(rod-shaped) conidia measuring 6–9 μm in length and about 1 μm in width. The cortex of the thallus reacts to chemical
405:(fruiting bodies) are frequent, black, and become convex or hemispherical as they mature. These structures develop on a bright
606:-warted) texture, giving it a marbled appearance. It can be continuous or somewhat cracked, and sometimes a pale to dark grey
1141:
1175:
1039:
45:
1355:
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590:
ranges in colour from pale to dark grey. The thallus is often very irregular, thick, and has a coarse, wart-like (
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1350:
959:
689:
661:
635:
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600:
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294:
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1340:
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complex, two deeply divergent species can be identified: one corresponds to the southern hemisphere species
478:
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676:
874:(Mycoblastaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) reveals cryptic clades correlated with fatty acid profiles"
426:
1167:
409:-red thalline cushion, which is revealed when the thallus is damaged or worn. The lichen grows in
1219:
738:. The species is also known to colonise decaying wood and, less frequently, mossy rock surfaces.
696:
668:
170:
40:
1299:
1128:
1255:
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765:
390:
107:
496:
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87:
889:
718:
forests across North
America, Europe, and Asia. This lichen is particularly abundant in
1268:
1084:
906:
869:
570:. Molecular data have now clarified these relationships, supporting the distinction of
336:
1329:
719:
430:
157:
958:
Cannon, P.; Aptroot, A.; Coppins, B.; Orange, A.; Sanderson, N.; Simkin, J. (2022).
574:
from other similar taxa and highlighting the cryptic diversity within this species.
1260:
1063:
800:
786:
486:
823:
1246:
1024:
518:
is closely related to several other species within the genus, including the rare
1180:
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1110:
1033:
921:
897:
491:
473:
117:
97:
443:. It was shuffled around to various genera in its taxonomic history, including
727:
649:
in length and 35–45 μm in width, with a thick wall of about 6–7 μm.
540:
504:
463:
451:
398:
77:
1071:
828:(in Latin). Vol. 2. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. p. 1140.
762:(L.) Norman [as 'sanguinaria'], Conat. Praem. Gen. Lich.: 26 (1852)"
715:
690:
672:
662:
630:
619:
410:
402:
270:
57:
687:. The soralia do not react to Pd. Underneath the apothecia, the tissue and
609:
439:. As was the practice at the time, ha classified it in the eponymous genus
1050:
601:
593:
1307:
1240:
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656:
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363:
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731:
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67:
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1076:
982:. Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. Vol. 29. p. 6.
646:
642:
500:
258:
210:
222:
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735:
695:
are carmine to blood-red, reacting K+ (bright red), with the
752:
750:
868:
Spribille, Toby; Klug, Barbara; Mayrhofer, Helmut (2011).
714:
on tree bark in cool, moist environments. It is found in
710:
grows in a variety of habitats, primarily growing as an
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
961:
Lecanorales: Tephromelataceae, including the genera
953:
951:
949:
1230:
1008:
393:. It is distinguished by its pale to dark grey
870:"A phylogenetic analysis of the boreal lichen
726:forests, where it often grows on the bark of
8:
932:. Yale University Press. pp. 446–447.
996:
31:
20:
905:
401:that ranges from pale to dark grey. The
746:
614:(the initial growth stage) is present.
183:
878:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
758:"GSD Species Synonymy. Current Name:
7:
546:The presence of a deep red pigment,
842:Nytt Magazin for Naturvidenskapene
230:Patellaria parasema A sanguinarius
14:
985:
503:that are distinguished by their
44:
1:
699:diffusing into the solution.
550:, is a key characteristic of
385:, is a widespread species of
481:analyses have revealed that
471:transferred it to the genus
1366:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
898:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.021
1382:
924:; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran;
499:includes multiple cryptic
344:Heterothecium sanguinarium
254:Heterothecium sanguinarium
1346:Lichens described in 1753
803:: Leiden, the Netherlands
467:, among others. In 1926,
278:Oedemocarpus sanguinarius
176:
169:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1361:Lichens of North America
1040:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
1010:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
930:Lichens of North America
872:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
789:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
760:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
708:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
703:Habitat and distribution
653:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
588:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
534:, and the other matches
514:Studies have shown that
427:scientifically described
381:, commonly known as the
378:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
356:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
351:(Th.Fr.) Eckfeldt (1895)
328:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
150:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
25:Mycoblastus sanguinarius
822:Linnaeus, Carl (1753).
531:M. sanguinarioides
489:group within the genus
479:Molecular phylogenetics
469:Johannes Musaeus Norman
266:Megalospora sanguinaria
425:The species was first
242:Patellaria sanguinaria
206:Verrucaria sanguinaria
524:. Within the broader
507:profiles rather than
624:asexual reproduction
572:M. sanguinarius
556:M. sanguinarius
552:M. sanguinarius
543:within the complex.
536:M. sanguinarius
526:M. sanguinarius
516:M. sanguinarius
483:M. sanguinarius
194:Sphaeria sanguinaria
132:M. sanguinarius
1232:Lichen sanguinarius
890:2011MolPE..59..603S
521:M. glabrescens
383:bloody heart lichen
313:Lecidea sanguinaria
302:Lecidea didymospora
290:Biatora sanguinaria
218:Lecidea sanguinaria
186:Lichen sanguinarius
681:rhodocladonic acid
655:also commonly has
548:rhodocladonic acid
1356:Lichens of Europe
1323:
1322:
1202:Open Tree of Life
1002:Taxon identifiers
939:978-0-300-08249-4
926:Sharnoff, Stephen
825:Species plantarum
796:Catalogue of Life
436:Species Plantarum
433:in his 1753 work
374:
373:
16:Species of lichen
1373:
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1181:NBNSYS0000018850
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766:Species Fungorum
754:
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391:Tephromelataceae
367:
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108:Tephromelataceae
49:
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35:
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1351:Lichens of Asia
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922:Brodo, Irwin M.
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567:M. alpinus
561:M. affinis
497:species complex
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387:crustose lichen
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88:Lecanoromycetes
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5:
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1341:Lichen species
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884:(3): 603–614.
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730:trees such as
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685:caperatic acid
677:chloratranorin
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389:in the family
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511:differences.
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509:morphological
506:
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141:Binomial name
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844:(in Latin).
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805:. Retrieved
801:Species 2000
794:
791:(L.) Norman"
788:
781:
769:. Retrieved
759:
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628:
587:
581:
571:
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559:
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487:monophyletic
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24:
18:
1336:Lecanorales
1163:NatureServe
1111:iNaturalist
1034:Wikispecies
967:Mycoblastus
963:Calvitimela
848:: 213–252 .
691:hypothecium
663:bacilliform
578:Description
492:Mycoblastus
474:Mycoblastus
119:Mycoblastus
98:Lecanorales
1330:Categories
971:Tephromela
742:References
728:coniferous
669:spot tests
620:propagules
610:prothallus
541:speciation
505:fatty acid
464:Verrucaria
452:Patellaria
399:prothallus
348:endorhodum
332:endorhodus
78:Ascomycota
74:Division:
1247:Q21976125
1025:Q10431443
716:temperate
673:atranorin
631:apothecia
602:papillose
594:verrucose
411:temperate
403:apothecia
335:(Th.Fr.)
317:endorhoda
271:A.Massal.
189:L. (1753)
126:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1308:MycoBank
1300:10480766
1269:Fungorum
1241:Wikidata
1168:2.126821
1150:MycoBank
1129:10649317
1085:Fungorum
1048:BioLib:
1019:Wikidata
975:Violella
928:(2001).
712:epiphyte
657:pycnidia
485:forms a
458:Sphaeria
421:Taxonomy
360:leprosus
171:Synonyms
104:Family:
54:Domain:
1287:3393020
1103:2608604
907:3093615
886:Bibcode
724:montane
697:pigment
637:sessile
616:Soralia
584:thallus
495:. This
446:Lecidea
415:montane
407:carmine
395:thallus
283:Trevis.
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1313:394454
1274:394454
1215:PLANTS
1207:828193
1194:312200
1155:119482
1142:190547
1116:127123
1090:119482
1077:MYBLSA
1051:128968
936:
904:
807:4 June
771:4 June
732:spruce
720:boreal
683:, and
501:clades
461:, and
441:Lichen
366:(1951)
339:(1879)
323:(1874)
321:Th.Fr.
308:(1873)
306:Stirt.
297:(1860)
285:(1856)
273:(1852)
261:(1850)
249:(1830)
237:(1821)
225:(1803)
213:(1793)
201:(1791)
164:(1926)
162:Norman
1295:IRMNG
1261:6PW9Z
1220:MYSA5
1124:IRMNG
1064:44WG9
980:(PDF)
364:Nádv.
346:var.
337:Stein
330:var.
315:var.
293:(L.)
281:(L.)
269:(L.)
259:Flot.
257:(L.)
245:(L.)
235:MĂ©rat
233:(L.)
221:(L.)
211:Humb.
209:(L.)
197:(L.)
68:Fungi
1282:GBIF
1189:NCBI
1137:ITIS
1098:GBIF
1072:EPPO
973:and
934:ISBN
809:2024
773:2024
734:and
722:and
643:asci
629:The
622:for
582:The
564:and
413:and
295:Hepp
247:Duby
223:Ach.
199:Tode
180:List
1256:CoL
1176:NBN
1059:CoL
902:PMC
894:doi
736:fir
598:or
586:of
429:by
358:f.
1332::
1310::
1297::
1284::
1271::
1258::
1243::
1217::
1204::
1191::
1178::
1165::
1152::
1139::
1126::
1113::
1100::
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1074::
1061::
1036::
1021::
969:,
965:,
948:^
900:.
892:.
882:59
880:.
876:.
854:^
799:.
793:.
764:.
749:^
679:,
675:,
647:ÎĽm
477:.
455:,
449:,
160:)
158:L.
942:.
910:.
896::
888::
846:7
811:.
787:"
775:.
618:(
156:(
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