957:
has abilities that help it adhere to cells, it is still unknown how the bacteria can maintain an infection inside the epithelial cells of the ectocervix and vagina when shedding of the apical layer of cells occur. The organism's ability to have adhesion to host cells relies of two proteins, P110 and P140. Adhesion is an important step in beginning an infection in a cell and Mgen can adhere to spermatozoa, erythrocytes, and epithelial cells. The terminal organelle relies on these proteins as well because without them the organelle was not present. The segmented pair plates of Mgen is a core of dense electrons which is anchored to the cell membrane. The end of this core is in contact with the wheel complex and the wheel complex contains the proteins MG219, MG200, MG386, and MG491 which aid in the gliding motility of the bacteria. Although Mgen lacks secreted virulence factors, the protein MG186 degrades host nucleic acids due to it being a calcium-dependent membrane-associated nuclease.
440:
845:("Committee"). Mycoplasmaologists working in the field generally oppose this renaming. In 2019, they published an opinion paper arguing that even though the phylogenetic methods are valid, Gupta's renaming scheme causes too many changes, which is impractical and confusing. They cite some essential principles of the Code, such as "no unnecessary new names", "aim at stability of names", and "avoid or reject the use of names which may cause error or confusion". However, the 2019 argument for preserving old names was rejected by the Committee in Opinion 122 of 2022, where it was ruled that the argument incorrectly cited the Code. The Opinion emphasizes that use of an older
33:
786:, London. It was reported in 1981 by a team led by Joseph G. Tully. Under electron microscopy, it appears as a flask-shaped cell with a narrow terminal portion that is crucial for its attachment to the host cell surfaces. The bacterial cell is slightly elongated somewhat like a vase, and measures 0.6–0.7 μm in length, 0.3–0.4 μm at the broadest region, and 0.06–0.08 μm at the tip. The base is broad while the tip is stretched into a narrow neck, which terminates with a cap. The terminal region has a specialised region called nap, which is absent in other mycoplasmas.
55:
752:
shown to be relatively ineffective (with a cure rate of 48% for women and 38% for men); and treatment with a single dose of azithromycin is not prescribed due to it inducing antimicrobial resistance. The five-day treatment with azithromycin showed no development of antimicrobial resistance. Based on these findings, UK doctors are moving to the 5-day azithromycin regimen. Doxycycline is also still used, and
3298:"Recommended rejection of the names Malacoplasma gen. nov., Mesomycoplasma gen. nov., Metamycoplasma gen. nov., Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov., Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov., Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., Mycoplasmoides gen. nov., Mycoplasmopsis gen. nov. [Gupta, Sawnani, Adeolu, Alnajar and Oren 2018] and all proposed species comb. nov. placed therein"
917:. The entire organism is modeled in terms of its molecular components, integrating all cellular processes into a single model. Using object oriented programming to model the interactions of 28 categories of molecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites, and running on a 128 computer Linux cluster, the simulation takes 10 hours for a single
668:, samples that are positive for Mgen should ideally be followed up with an assay capable of detecting mutations that mediate antimicrobial resistance. The European Guideline on Mgen infections, in 2016, recommended complementing the molecular detection of Mgen with an assay capable of detecting macrolide resistance-associated mutations.
992:"Phylogenetic framework for the phylum Tenericutes based on genome sequence data: proposal for the creation of a new order Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., containing two new families Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov. and Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov. harbouring Eperythrozoon, Ureaplasma and five novel genera"
956:
Mgen evolved from a gram-positive ancestor that was clostridium-like but has lost the genes to code for the enzymes involved in de novo nucleic acid synthesis, amino acid synthesis, and synthesis of fatty acids. This means that Mgen needs the host's growth factors to keep reproducing. Although Mgen
701:
strains are sensitive to moxifloxacin, resistance has been reported, and potential for serious, adverse side effects should be considered with this regimen. Floroquinolones, including moxifloxacin, have been associated with disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions that have
751:
infections are not routinely tested. Studies have demonstrated that a 5-day course of azithromycin has a superior cure rate compared to a single, larger dose. Further, a single dose of azithromycin can lead to the bacteria becoming resistant to azithromycin. Among
Swedish patients, doxycycline was
719:
In settings without access to resistance testing, or if moxifloxacin cannot be used, the CDC recommends as an alternative regimen: seven days of doxycycline followed by the four-day course of azithromycin, with a test of cure 21 days after treatment being required due to the high rate of macrolide
1962:
Fraser CM, Gocayne JD, White O, Adams MD, Clayton RA, Fleischmann RD, Bult CJ, Kerlavage AR, Sutton G, Kelley JM, Fritchman JL, Weidman JF, Small KV, Sandusky M, Fuhrmann J, Nguyen D, Utterback TR, Saudek DM, Phillips CA, Merrick JM, Tomb JF, Dougherty BA, Bott KF, Hu PC, Lucier TS (1995). "The
3463:
Gibson DG, Benders GA, Andrews-Pfannkoch C, Denisova EA, Baden-Tillson H, Zaveri J, Stockwell TB, Brownley A, Thomas DW, Algire MA, Merryman C, Young L, Noskov VN, Glass JI, Venter JC, Hutchison CA, Smith HO (2008). "Complete
Chemical Synthesis, Assembly, and Cloning of a
421:
451:. The horizontal clipping plane shows the cytoplasmic environment on top and the membrane with associated proteins in the bottom. An additional clipping plane carves out a cubic section of the model, magnified on the right. Proteins colored by biological function.
883:
JCVI-1.0 (the name of the strain indicating J. Craig Venter
Institute with its specimen number). They synthesised and assembled the complete 582,970-base pair genome of the bacterium. The final stages of synthesis involved cloning the DNA into the bacterium
651:
Screening for Mgen with a combination of detection and macrolide resistance mutations will provide the adequate information required to develop personalised antimicrobial treatments, in order to optimise patient management and control the spread of
692:
as the preferred therapy due to high rates of macrolide resistance. If resistance assay testing is available, and the Mgen is sensitive to macrolides, the CDC recommends a seven-day course of doxycycline followed by a four-day course of
3695:
Grover RK, Zhu X, Nieusma T, Jones T, Boero I, MacLeod AS, Mark A, Niessen S, Kim HJ, Kong L, Assad-Garcia N, Kwon K, Chesi M, Smider VV, Salomon DR, Jelinek DF, Kyle RA, Pyles RB, Glass JI, Ward AB, Wilson IA, Lerner RA (2014).
953:. The antibody reactivity was due to a protein, designated Protein M, that is chemically responsive to all types of human and nonhuman antibodies available. The protein is about 50 kDa in size, and composed of 556 amino acids.
731:
Doxycycline 100mg twice a day for seven days followed by azithromycin 1 gram orally as a single dose then 500mg orally once daily for 2 days where organism is known to be macrolide-sensitive or where resistance status is
2552:
Tabrizi SN et al. Multiplex Assay for
Simultaneous Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium and Macrolide Resistance Using PlexZyme and PlexPrime Technology. PLoS ONE. 2016. 11(6): e0156740. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156740
647:
On epidemiological grounds for sexual contacts in the previous 3 months; ideally, specimens for a Mgen NAAT should be collected before treatment and treatment should not be given before the result are available
1411:
Barberá M, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium macrolide and fluoroquino-lone resistance: prevalence and risk factors among a 2013–2014 cohort of patients in
Barcelona Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Spain, 2017; In
2543:
Unemo, M. & Jensen, J.S. 'Antimicrobial-resistant sexually transmitted infections: gonorrhoea and
Mycoplasma genitalium'. 2016. Nat. Rev. Urol..268. Published online 10 January 2017. doi:10.1038/nrurol
615:
macrolide resistance. Macrolide resistance mediating mutations have been observed in 20-50% of cases in the UK, Denmark, Sweden, Australia, and Japan. Resistance is also developing towards the second-line
370:
infection was significantly associated with increased risk of preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. In addition, this pathogen may latently infect the
3853:
890:
for nucleotide production and sequencing. This produced large fragments of approximately 144,000 base pairs or 1/4th of the whole genome. Finally, the products were cloned inside the yeast
2509:
Jensen JS, et al. (2008). "Azithromycin
Treatment Failure in Mycoplasma genitalium–Positive Patients with Nongonococcal Urethritis Is Associated with Induced Macrolide Resistance".
571:(STIs). Mgen is a fastidious organism with prolonged growth durations. This makes detection of the pathogen in clinical specimens and subsequent isolation extremely difficult. Lacking a
756:
is used as a second-line treatment in case doxycyline and azithromycin are not able to eradicate the infection. In patients where doxycycline, azithromycin and moxifloxacin all failed,
3647:
4797:
4868:
842:
2736:
1402:
World Health
Organization (WHO). Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus. Switzerland: World Health Organization 2013
3296:
Balish M, Bertaccini A, Blanchard A, Brown D, Browning G, Chalker V, Frey J, Gasparich G, Hoelzle L, Knight T, Knox C, Kuo CH, Manso-Silván L, May M, Pollack JD (2019).
3042:
838:
3358:
Arahal DR, Busse HJ, Bull CT, Christensen H, Chuvochina M, Dedysh SN, Fournier PE, Konstantinidis KT, Parker CT, Rossello-Mora R, Ventosa A, Göker M (10 August 2022).
2495:
2426:
1566:. Schorge, John O.,, Hoffman, Barbara L.,, Bradshaw, Karen D.,, Halvorson, Lisa M.,, Schaffer, Joseph I.,, Corton, Marlene M. (Third ed.). New York. p. 65.
3806:
716:
and other serious side effects detailed in the FDA black box warning. Moxifloxacin/Avelox should be reserved for use when patients have no other treatment options.
392:(NGU) and probably chronic NGU. It is strongly associated with persistent and recurring non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), responsible for 15 percent to 20 percent of
4771:
3846:
1804:
Lis R, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Manhart LE. Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract disease: a meta-analysis. Clin InfeAIDSct Dis. 2015;61(3):418-426
400:. It is highly associated with the intensity of HIV infection. Some scientists are performing research to determine if Mgen could play a role in the development of
1595:
3437:
4810:
4274:
464:
439:
3839:
677:
608:
4758:
4784:
4130:
3414:
1620:
640:
If current partner does not attend for evaluation and testing, treatment with the same regimen as given to the index patient should be offered on
2796:
3536:
1571:
735:
Moxifloxacin 400mg orally once daily for 10 days if organism known to be macrolide-resistant or where treatment with azithromycin has failed.
540:
In 2006, the team at the J. Craig Venter
Institute reported that only 382 genes are essential for biological functions. The small genome of
4888:
4264:
3566:
875:, Venter said that they had stitched together a DNA strand containing 381 genes, consisting of 580,000 base pairs, based on the genome of
3637:
4878:
3673:
1160:
Weinstein SA, Stiles BG (1 January 2012). "Recent perspectives in the diagnosis and evidence-based treatment of
Mycoplasma genitalium".
32:
431:. Circularly arranged coloured bands are the protein-coding genes and other loci in their position in the DNA. The genome has 580,070
4500:
3881:
2606:
Obafemi OA, Rowan SE, Nishiyama M, Wendel KA (March 2024). "Mycoplasma genitalium: Key Information for the Primary Care Clinician".
1642:
Contini C, Rotondo JC, Magagnoli F, Maritati M, Seraceni S, Graziano A, Poggi A, Capucci R, Vesce F, Tognon M, Martini F (2018).
584:
468:
374:
tissues of pregnant women, thereby impacting pregnancy outcome. Infertility risk is also strongly associated with infection with
4105:
4085:
4053:
4034:
240:
in humans. Medical reports published in 2007 and 2015 state that Mgen is becoming increasingly common. Resistance to multiple
3034:
2641:
Tuddenham S, Hamill MM, Ghanem KG (11 January 2022). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Review".
568:
476:
215:
4789:
4008:
2138:
Karr JR, Sanghvi JC, Macklin DN, Gutschow MV, Jacobs JM, Bolival B J, Assad-Garcia N, Glass JI, Covert MW (20 July 2012).
783:
251:, which until recently was the most reliable treatment, is becoming prevalent. The bacterium was first isolated from the
54:
4883:
4643:
4317:
3926:
4025:
3813:
3441:
1094:
344:
289:
3831:
475:
in 1993, by which they found 100,993 nucleotides and 390 protein-coding genes. Collaborating with researchers at The
3670:"The Ultimate Decoy: Scripps Research Institute Scientists Find Protein that Helps Bacteria Misdirect Immune System"
4873:
4303:
3559:"Scientists Create First Synthetic Bacterial Genome -- Largest Chemically Defined Structure Synthesized In The Lab"
1644:"Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage"
545:
634:
Current partners of individuals who tested positive for Mgen should be treated with the same antimicrobial as the
4815:
4710:
4058:
779:
389:
385:
3588:
Karr JR, Sanghvi JC, Macklin DN, Gutschow MV, Jacobs JM, Bolival B, Assad-Garcia N, Glass JI, Covert MW (2010).
2189:
Glass JI, Assad-Garcia N, Alperovich N, Yooseph S, Lewis MR, Maruf M, Hutchison CA, Smith HO, Venter JC (2006).
4858:
4538:
4532:
4239:
4146:
4099:
3945:
2987:
Unemo M, Jensen JS (10 January 2017). "Antimicrobial-resistant sexually transmitted infections: gonorrhoea and
897:
892:
744:
653:
2754:
1427:"Mycoplasma genitalium in Women: Current Knowledge and Research Priorities for This Recently Emerged Pathogen"
4489:
4200:
3995:
1273:"Mycoplasma genitalium among young adults in the United States: An emerging sexually transmitted infection"
627:
According to the European guidelines, the indication for commencement of diagnosis for Mgen infection are:
4863:
4672:
4595:
4388:
4047:
4002:
3951:
846:
721:
521:
328:
3406:
4616:
4448:
4258:
4194:
3969:
2489:
2420:
1861:
Weinstein SA, Stiles BG (2013). "Recent perspectives in the diagnosis and evidence-based treatment of".
879:. On 24 January 2008, they announced the successful creation of a synthetic bacterium, which they named
393:
304:
294:
139:
106:
2785:
1610:
896:
to synthesize the 580,000 base pairs. The molecular size of the synthetic bacterial genome is 360,110
96:
4745:
4622:
4601:
4269:
4208:
3988:
3981:
3709:
3477:
3230:
2938:
2202:
1976:
921:
cell to divide once—about the same time the actual cell takes—and generates half a gigabyte of data.
2439:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines.
937:, was announced in February 2014. The protein was identified during investigations on the origin of
116:
4853:
4164:
4124:
3974:
3877:
904:
787:
775:
612:
397:
907:
and the J. Craig Venter Institute announced successful simulation of the complete life cycle of a
727:
In the UK the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guidelines for treatment are:
534:
4462:
4345:
3698:"A structurally distinct human mycoplasma protein that generically blocks antigen-antibody union"
3642:
3558:
3520:
3501:
3387:
3254:
3146:
3016:
2850:
2666:
2000:
1886:
1843:
1724:
1695:"Mycoplasma and ureaplasma infection and male infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1589:
1385:
1193:
1027:
966:
811:
796:
512:
500:
484:
448:
169:
49:
567:
Recent research shows that prevalence of Mgen is currently higher than other commonly occurring
4776:
2277:"Mycoplasma genitalium: whole genome sequence analysis, recombination and population structure"
261:
in 1983. It can cause negative health effects in men and women. It also increases the risk for
4823:
4732:
4634:
4365:
4189:
4159:
3786:
3735:
3619:
3493:
3379:
3337:
3329:
3246:
3199:
3138:
3099:
3008:
2966:
2903:
2842:
2718:
2658:
2623:
2585:
2526:
2477:
2408:
2357:
2308:
2275:
Fookes MC, Hadfield J, Harris S, Parmar S, Unemo M, Jensen JS, Thomson NR (28 December 2017).
2257:
2230:
2171:
2102:
2049:
1992:
1939:
1931:
1878:
1835:
1787:
1779:
1716:
1675:
1577:
1567:
1544:
1505:
1464:
1446:
1377:
1329:
1302:
1253:
1185:
1177:
1139:
1019:
1011:
862:
802:
516:
4828:
3669:
359:. For men, the most common signs are painful urination or a watery discharge from the penis.
4586:
3776:
3766:
3725:
3717:
3609:
3601:
3528:
3485:
3371:
3319:
3309:
3238:
3189:
3181:
3130:
3089:
3081:
3000:
2956:
2946:
2893:
2885:
2834:
2708:
2700:
2650:
2615:
2575:
2518:
2467:
2398:
2388:
2347:
2339:
2298:
2288:
2220:
2210:
2161:
2151:
2092:
2084:
2039:
2031:
1984:
1921:
1870:
1827:
1769:
1759:
1706:
1665:
1655:
1536:
1495:
1484:"Prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections among young adults in the United States"
1454:
1438:
1369:
1292:
1284:
1243:
1233:
1169:
1129:
1065:
1003:
938:
886:
504:
252:
1562:
Schorge JO, Halvorson LM, Schaffer JI, Corton MM, Bradshaw KD, Hoffman BL (22 April 2016).
412:
in some individuals. These studies have yet to find conclusive evidence to suggest a link.
4359:
4073:
3900:
621:
496:
401:
371:
226:
533:, totaling 519. It is unclear where the "525" gene count for the G37 stems from and what
3713:
3481:
3234:
2942:
2206:
1980:
4517:
3781:
3754:
3730:
3697:
3614:
3589:
3194:
3165:
3094:
3065:
2961:
2922:
2898:
2869:
2713:
2688:
2352:
2327:
2303:
2276:
2225:
2190:
2166:
2139:
1459:
1426:
1297:
1272:
1248:
1221:
1134:
1117:
913:
607:
treatment failures, owing to rapid rates of mutation of the pathogen. Mutations in the
530:
472:
405:
382:
is a co-infectious agent risk associations are stronger and statistically significant.
332:
76:
2403:
2376:
2097:
2068:
2044:
2019:
1373:
420:
4847:
4802:
4154:
4063:
3916:
3391:
3359:
3242:
3150:
3020:
2821:
Suneta S, Parkhouse A, Gillian D (24 April 2017). "Macrolide and quinolone-resistant
2670:
2088:
1890:
1197:
1031:
866:
757:
635:
617:
488:
237:
233:
3258:
2004:
1847:
1728:
1389:
4737:
4495:
4180:
3505:
2854:
871:
858:
834:
753:
694:
689:
641:
631:
Detection of nucleic acid (DNA and/or RNA) specific for Mgen in a clinical specimen
604:
480:
348:
316:
312:
266:
248:
2393:
2951:
2838:
1988:
1926:
1905:
396:
NGU cases in men. Unlike other mycoplasmas, the infection is not associated with
4704:
4649:
4424:
4394:
685:
580:
356:
352:
269:
241:
4695:
3771:
3605:
2619:
2156:
1321:
794:. The comparison of genome sequences with other urinogenital bacteria, such as
4577:
4562:
4551:
4414:
4295:
4223:
4068:
4042:
3868:
2293:
1540:
1238:
1070:
1049:
1007:
946:
576:
508:
460:
378:, although evidence suggests it is not associated with male infertility. When
340:
324:
285:
281:
257:
229:
219:
86:
3333:
3134:
2035:
1935:
1831:
1783:
1693:
C. Huang, H.L. Zhu, K.R. Xu, S.Y. Wang, L.Q. Fan, W.B. Zhu (September 2015).
1581:
1500:
1483:
1450:
1288:
1181:
1015:
611:
gene of Mgen have been linked with clinical treatment failure and high level
4522:
4429:
4286:
4249:
4094:
3872:
3864:
3721:
3489:
3275:
3004:
2654:
2215:
1442:
991:
930:
900:(kDa). Printed in 10-point font, the letters of the genome cover 147 pages.
665:
596:
595:. However, samples with positive NAAT for the pathogen should be tested for
572:
548:, a study to find the smallest set of genetic material necessary to sustain
432:
409:
245:
222:
3790:
3739:
3623:
3497:
3383:
3375:
3341:
3314:
3297:
3250:
3142:
3103:
3012:
2970:
2907:
2846:
2722:
2704:
2662:
2627:
2589:
2530:
2481:
2361:
2312:
2234:
2175:
1943:
1882:
1839:
1791:
1720:
1679:
1548:
1509:
1468:
1333:
1306:
1257:
1222:"Management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections—Can we hit a moving target"
1189:
1143:
1086:
1023:
3532:
3203:
2412:
2261:
2106:
2053:
1996:
1381:
1356:
Tully JG, Cole RM, Taylor-Robinson D, Rose DL (1981). "A newly discovered
355:. Women may also experience bleeding after sex and it is also linked with
4689:
4454:
4378:
4335:
4228:
3935:
3905:
3085:
2889:
2343:
2020:"A random sequencing approach for placing markers on the physical map of"
1764:
1743:
1670:
869:
with which they planned to make the first synthetic genome. Reporting in
600:
424:
66:
3324:
2120:
4763:
4719:
4468:
4351:
3891:
3185:
2825:
in a man with persistent urethritis: the tip of the British iceberg?".
1711:
1694:
772:
336:
320:
4724:
3818:
2580:
2563:
2472:
2455:
1874:
1774:
1660:
1643:
1173:
3438:"Venter Institute Scientists Create First Synthetic Bacterial Genome"
990:
Gupta RS, Sawnani S, Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Oren A (1 September 2018).
743:
infections is becoming increasingly difficult due to rapidly growing
255:
of humans in 1981, and was eventually identified as a new species of
4666:
519:. It was the second complete bacterial genome ever sequenced, after
265:
spread with higher occurrences in those previously treated with the
3590:"A Whole-Cell Computational Model Predicts Phenotype from Genotype"
2771:
2522:
2140:"A whole-cell computational model predicts phenotype from genotype"
814:, although it shared a core genome of ~250 protein-encoding genes.
2377:"Isolation of Mycoplasma genitalium strains from the male urethra"
724:
are not effective against Mgen as the organism lacks a cell wall.
438:
419:
3364:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
3302:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
2328:"Mycoplasma genitalium: from chrysalis to multicolored butterfly"
1748:
Infection and Female Reproductive Tract Disease: A Meta-Analysis"
790:
indicated that the bacterium was not related to known species of
298:
infection and has shown higher incidence rates, compared to both
825:
on phylogenetic grounds, reflecting the existing knowledge that
549:
526:
492:
4750:
4670:
3835:
2874:
isolates from patients with recurrent nongonococcal urethritis"
1048:
Tully JG, Taylor-Robinson D, Rose DL, Cole RM, Bove JM (1983).
747:. Diagnosis and treatment is further hampered by the fact that
1615:
865:
at the J. Craig Venter Institute had successfully constructed
592:
588:
262:
2564:"2016 European guideline on Mycoplasma genitalium infections"
2456:"2016 European guideline on Mycoplasma genitalium infections"
2248:
Razin S (1997). "The minimal cellular genome of mycoplasma".
2018:
Peterson SN, Schramm N, Hu Pc, Bott KF, Hutchison CA (1991).
941:, a B-cell hematologic neoplasm. To understand the long-term
688:
for seven days followed immediately by a seven-day course of
471:
in 1991. They performed an initial study of the genome using
292:
in women. It presents clinically similar symptoms to that of
2689:"Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021"
760:
has been shown to still be able to eradicate the infection.
459:
strain G37 consists in one circular DNA molecule of 580,070
1118:"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015"
861:
announced that a team of scientists led by Nobel laureate
841:(ICNP, "Code") with Validation List 184, published by the
479:(TIGR; now the J. Craig Venter Institute), which included
3638:"In First, Software Emulates Lifespan of Entire Organism"
3407:"I am creating artificial life, declares US gene pioneer"
949:
from multiple myeloma patients' blood were recognised by
3759:
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS
587:(NAAT) as the only viable option for detection of Mgen
483:, they made the complete genome sequence in 1995 using
2682:
2680:
1271:
Manhart LE, Holmes KK, Hughes JP, et al. (2007).
555:
There is limited divergence among clinical strains of
817:
In 2018, Gupta et al. proposed to change the name of
583:. The absence of specific serological assays leaves
4679:
4633:
4585:
4576:
4549:
4515:
4479:
4438:
4422:
4413:
4376:
4333:
4285:
4248:
4237:
4222:
4178:
4145:
4116:
4084:
4033:
4024:
3962:
3934:
3925:
3914:
3899:
3890:
366:infection and female reproductive tract syndromes.
3117:Daley G, Russell D, Tabrizi S, McBride J (2014). "
2067:Peterson SN, Hu PC, Bott KF, Hutchison CA (1993).
1482:Miller WC, Ford CA, Morris M, et al. (2004).
1611:"What you should know about this 'new' STD - CNN"
839:International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
3217:Blanchard A, Bébéar C (2011). "The evolution of
2982:
2980:
2921:Anagrius C, Loré B, Jensen JS, Coenye T (2013).
2868:Yew HS, Anderson T, Coughlan E, Werno A (2011).
1058:International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
1054:, a New Species from the Human Urogenital Tract"
3166:"The Harrison Lecture. The history and role of
2601:
2599:
2250:Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
2195:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1328:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
388:analyses indicated that it is a cause of acute
2562:Jensen JS, Cusini M, Gomberg M, Moi H (2016).
2454:Jensen JS, Cusini M, Gomberg M, Moi H (2016).
1527:: An emergent sexually transmitted disease?".
810:is significantly different, especially in the
782:in the genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic at
680:recommends a step-wise treatment approach for
3847:
3755:"Mycoplasma genitalium : A new superbug"
8:
4869:Sexually transmitted diseases and infections
2494:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2425:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2375:Jensen J. S., Hansen H. T., Lind K. (1996).
2121:"KEGG GENOME: Mycoplasmoides genitalium G37"
1742:Lis R, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Manhart LE (2015).
559:. All strains retain the small genome size.
3440:. J. Craig Venter Institute. Archived from
3270:
3268:
1529:Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
465:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
280:Mgen is a bacterium recognized for causing
4667:
4582:
4435:
4419:
4245:
4234:
4030:
3931:
3922:
3911:
3896:
3854:
3840:
3832:
3223:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1914:Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1594:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1425:Wiesenfeld HC, Manhart LE (15 July 2017).
1087:"Emerging sex disease 'could be superbug'"
678:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
311:Infection with Mgen can be symptomatic or
31:
20:
3780:
3770:
3729:
3672:. The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI).
3613:
3353:
3351:
3323:
3313:
3193:
3093:
3035:"Mycoplasma Genitalium Treatment Choices"
2960:
2950:
2927:. Observations from a Swedish STD Clinic"
2897:
2712:
2579:
2471:
2402:
2392:
2351:
2302:
2292:
2224:
2214:
2165:
2155:
2096:
2043:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1925:
1773:
1763:
1710:
1669:
1659:
1499:
1458:
1351:
1349:
1296:
1247:
1237:
1133:
1069:
1043:
1041:
2191:"Essential genes of a minimal bacterium"
529:reports 476 protein-coding genes and 43
463:. Scott N. Peterson and his team at the
4131:Cutaneous Streptococcus iniae infection
3123:International Journal of STD & AIDS
1863:Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
1820:International Journal of STD & AIDS
1162:Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
977:
3827:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
2487:
2418:
1904:Zarei O, Rezania S, Mousavi A (2013).
1587:
3291:
3289:
3064:Taylor-Robinson D, Horner PJ (2001).
2802:from the original on 29 November 2021
2449:
2447:
2445:
2326:Taylor-Robinson D, Jensen JS (2011).
1420:
1418:
1116:Workowski K. A., Bolan G. A. (2015).
771:was originally isolated in 1980 from
467:reported the first genetic map using
362:There is a consistent association of
7:
4265:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
3650:from the original on 4 December 2016
3539:from the original on 21 October 2020
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1155:
1153:
985:
983:
981:
579:remains unaffected by commonly used
315:. Both men and women may experience
3569:from the original on 10 August 2014
3413:. Guardian News and Media Limited.
1623:from the original on 3 October 2020
849:remains acceptable under the Code.
603:, which are strongly correlated to
491:were identified in 1995, including
3521:"Genome stitched together by hand"
2073:genome by using random sequencing"
1431:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
1360:in the human urinogenital tract".
544:made it the organism of choice in
345:pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID)
14:
4501:Clostridial necrotizing enteritis
3170:in sexually transmitted diseases"
3045:from the original on 24 June 2021
2870:"Induced macrolide resistance in
2693:MMWR. Recommendations and Reports
284:in both men and women along with
3676:from the original on 4 June 2014
3417:from the original on 28 May 2010
3243:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06418.x
2878:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
2089:10.1128/jb.175.24.7918-7930.1993
1609:Healthcom KT (7 December 2015).
1097:from the original on 20 May 2022
585:nucleic acid amplification tests
469:pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
308:infections in some populations.
53:
4106:Group B streptococcal infection
4054:Group A streptococcal infection
3405:Pilkington E (6 October 2007).
3074:Sexually Transmitted Infections
2827:Sexually Transmitted Infections
569:sexually transmitted infections
2737:"Food and Drug Administration"
1220:Jensen JS, Bradshaw C (2015).
784:St Mary's Hospital, Paddington
712:Central nervous system effects
477:Institute for Genomic Research
1:
3070:in non-gonococcal urethritis"
2394:10.1128/jcm.34.2.286-291.1996
1374:10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92461-2
945:infection, it was found that
829:is not very related to other
706:Tendinitis and tendon rupture
702:occurred together including:
4644:Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
2952:10.1371/journal.pone.0061481
2839:10.1136/sextrans-2016-053077
2568:J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol
2460:J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol
1989:10.1126/science.270.5235.397
1927:10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.6.3425
1752:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1320:Patel PH, Hashmi MF (2023),
697:. Although the majority of
4889:Infectious causes of cancer
3814:UK Health Protection Agency
3360:"Judicial Opinions 112–122"
2833:(8): sextrans–2016–053077.
1963:Minimal Gene Complement of
1910:and Cancer: A Brief Review"
1814:Taylor-Robinson D (2002). "
4905:
4879:Bacteria described in 1983
3772:10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_103_20
3606:10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.044
3519:Ball P (24 January 2008).
3164:Taylor-Robinson D (1995).
2620:10.1016/j.mcna.2023.07.004
2157:10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.044
1085:Roberts M (11 July 2018).
812:energy-generating pathways
778:of two male patients with
546:The Minimal Genome Project
4059:Streptococcal pharyngitis
3039:www.theonlineclinic.co.uk
2793:World Health Organization
2294:10.1186/s12864-017-4399-6
1541:10.1016/j.idc.2013.08.003
1239:10.1186/s12879-015-1041-6
1071:10.1099/00207713-33-2-387
1008:10.1007/s10482-018-1047-3
823:Mycoplasmoides genitalium
780:non-gonococcal urethritis
390:non-gonococcal urethritis
386:Polymerase chain reaction
211:Mycoplasmoides genitalium
175:
168:
149:Mycoplasmoides genitalium
145:
138:
50:Scientific classification
48:
40:3D whole cell model of a
39:
30:
23:
4539:Pseudomembranous colitis
4533:Clostridioides difficile
3135:10.1177/0956462413515196
1832:10.1258/0956462021924776
1501:10.1001/jama.291.18.2229
1289:10.2105/ajph.2005.074062
933:, a protein produced by
893:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
745:antimicrobial resistance
664:Owing to the widespread
654:antimicrobial resistance
357:tubal factor infertility
4490:Clostridium perfringens
4201:Urinary tract infection
3722:10.1126/science.1246135
3490:10.1126/science.1151721
3276:"Genus: Mycoplasmoides"
3005:10.1038/nrurol.2016.268
2655:10.1001/jama.2021.23487
2216:10.1073/pnas.0510013103
2077:Journal of Bacteriology
996:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
722:Beta lactam antibiotics
660:Detection of resistance
337:burning while urinating
4596:Ureaplasma urealyticum
4389:Listeria monocytogenes
4093:bacitracin resistant,
3952:Pneumococcal infection
3376:10.1099/ijsem.0.005481
3315:10.1099/ijsem.0.003632
3174:Genitourinary Medicine
2993:Nature Reviews Urology
2705:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1
2036:10.1093/nar/19.21.6027
2024:Nucleic Acids Research
1437:(suppl_2): S389–S395.
847:validly published name
522:Haemophilus influenzae
452:
436:
339:. In women, it causes
329:mucopurulent discharge
4803:mycoplasma-genitalium
4711:Mycoplasma genitalium
4681:Mycoplasma genitalium
4617:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
4610:Mycoplasma genitalium
4449:Clostridium botulinum
4195:Enterococcus faecalis
3970:Viridans streptococci
3821:Mycoplasma genitalium
3808:Mycoplasma genitalium
3533:10.1038/news.2008.522
3466:Mycoplasma genitalium
3219:Mycoplasma genitalium
3168:Mycoplasma genitalium
3119:Mycoplasma genitalium
3068:Mycoplasma genitalium
2989:Mycoplasma genitalium
2925:Mycoplasma genitalium
2872:Mycoplasma genitalium
2823:Mycoplasma genitalium
2687:Workowski KA (2021).
2071:Mycoplasma genitalium
1965:Mycoplasma genitalium
1908:Mycoplasma genitalium
1816:Mycoplasma genitalium
1746:Mycoplasma genitalium
1525:Mycoplasma genitalium
1443:10.1093/infdis/jix198
1052:Mycoplasma genitalium
911:cell, in the journal
909:Mycoplasma genitalium
881:Mycoplasma genitalium
819:Mycoplasma genitalium
769:Mycoplasma genitalium
749:Mycoplasma genitalium
741:Mycoplasma genitalium
709:Peripheral Neuropathy
682:Mycoplasma genitalium
487:. Only 470 predicted
445:Mycoplasma genitalium
442:
429:Mycoplasma genitalium
423:
305:Neisseria gonorrhoeae
300:Chlamydia trachomatis
295:Chlamydia trachomatis
276:Symptoms of infection
193:Mycoplasma genitalium
178:Mycoplasma genitalium
42:Mycoplasma genitalium
25:Mycoplasma genitalium
4623:Mycoplasma pneumonia
4602:Ureaplasma infection
4312:novobiocin resistant
4270:Toxic shock syndrome
4209:Enterococcus faecium
3086:10.1136/sti.77.4.229
2890:10.1128/JCM.02475-10
2344:10.1128/cmr.00006-11
1523:Manhart LE (2013). "
833:. The change became
666:macrolide resistance
537:procedure was used.
327:), characterized by
216:sexually transmitted
16:Species of bacterium
4884:Pathogenic bacteria
4555:(non-spore forming)
4165:Streptococcus bovis
4125:Streptococcus iniae
3873:Infectious diseases
3765:(2589–0557): 1–12.
3714:2014Sci...343..656G
3565:. 24 January 2008.
3482:2008Sci...319.1215G
3476:(5867): 1215–1220.
3235:2011NYASA1230E..61B
2943:2013PLoSO...861481A
2207:2006PNAS..103..425G
1981:1995Sci...270..397F
1564:Williams gynecology
1368:(8233): 1288–1291.
905:Stanford University
857:On 6 October 2007,
447:cell obtained with
398:bacterial vaginosis
290:pelvic inflammation
4463:Clostridium tetani
4346:Bacillus anthracis
3963:optochin resistant
3878:Bacterial diseases
3643:The New York Times
3186:10.1136/sti.71.1.1
2772:"BASHH Guidelines"
2381:J. Clin. Microbiol
2332:Clin Microbiol Rev
1765:10.1093/cid/civ312
1712:10.1111/andr.12078
1277:Am J Public Health
967:Smallest organisms
525:. Later data from
513:cellular transport
485:shotgun sequencing
453:
437:
225:that lives on the
131:M. genitalium
4874:Synthetic biology
4839:
4838:
4824:Open Tree of Life
4673:Taxon identifiers
4664:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4635:Anaeroplasmatales
4572:
4571:
4511:
4510:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4329:
4328:
4218:
4217:
4174:
4173:
4141:
4140:
4020:
4019:
3708:(6171): 656–661.
3308:(11): 3650–3653.
2755:"Access Data FDA"
2608:Med Clin North Am
2581:10.1111/jdv.13849
2574:(10): 1650–1656.
2517:(12): 1546–1553.
2511:Clin. Infect. Dis
2473:10.1111/jdv.13849
2466:(10): 1650–1656.
2083:(24): 7918–7930.
2069:"A survey of the
2030:(21): 6027–6031.
1975:(5235): 397–404.
1875:10.1586/eri.12.20
1661:10.1002/jcp.26952
1573:978-0-07-184908-1
1494:(18): 2229–2236.
1174:10.1586/eri.12.20
929:The discovery of
903:On 20 July 2012,
803:Ureaplasma parvum
788:Serological tests
517:energy metabolism
208:, or since 2018,
189:
188:
107:Mycoplasmoidaceae
4896:
4832:
4831:
4819:
4818:
4806:
4805:
4793:
4792:
4780:
4779:
4767:
4766:
4754:
4753:
4741:
4740:
4728:
4727:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4668:
4587:Mycoplasmataceae
4583:
4563:Finegoldia magna
4436:
4420:
4318:S. saprophyticus
4246:
4235:
4031:
3932:
3923:
3912:
3897:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3833:
3795:
3794:
3784:
3774:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3733:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3646:. 20 July 2012.
3634:
3628:
3627:
3617:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3355:
3346:
3345:
3327:
3317:
3293:
3284:
3283:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3197:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3031:
3025:
3024:
2984:
2975:
2974:
2964:
2954:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2901:
2884:(4): 1695–1696.
2865:
2859:
2858:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2790:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2774:. 13 March 2015.
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2583:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2485:
2475:
2451:
2440:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2416:
2406:
2396:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2355:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2306:
2296:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2228:
2218:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2100:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2047:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1959:
1948:
1947:
1929:
1920:(6): 3425–3428.
1901:
1895:
1894:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1777:
1767:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1714:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1663:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1585:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1503:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1462:
1422:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1353:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1283:(6): 1118–1125.
1268:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1241:
1217:
1202:
1201:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1128:(RR-03): 1–137.
1122:MMWR Recomm. Rep
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1002:(9): 1583–1630.
987:
939:multiple myeloma
853:Synthetic genome
806:, revealed that
443:3D model of the
253:urogenital tract
244:, including the
230:epithelial cells
151:
97:Mycoplasmoidales
58:
57:
35:
21:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4859:Model organisms
4844:
4843:
4840:
4835:
4827:
4822:
4814:
4809:
4801:
4796:
4788:
4783:
4775:
4770:
4762:
4757:
4749:
4744:
4736:
4731:
4723:
4718:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4675:
4665:
4656:
4629:
4568:
4545:
4507:
4475:
4401:
4372:
4360:Bacillus cereus
4325:
4281:
4226:
4214:
4170:
4137:
4112:
4080:
4074:Rheumatic fever
4016:
3958:
3903:
3901:Lactobacillales
3886:
3860:
3819:Type strain of
3803:
3798:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3679:
3677:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3572:
3570:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3444:on 11 July 2015
3435:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3046:
3033:
3032:
3028:
2986:
2985:
2978:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2486:
2453:
2452:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2417:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2256:(1–2): 124–30.
2247:
2246:
2242:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2017:
2016:
2012:
1961:
1960:
1951:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1818:– an up-date".
1813:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1654:(1): 100–9107.
1641:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1586:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1219:
1218:
1205:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1047:
1046:
1039:
989:
988:
979:
975:
963:
927:
855:
766:
674:
662:
642:epidemiological
622:fluoroquinolone
565:
497:DNA replication
418:
406:ovarian cancers
372:chorionic villi
278:
196:(also known as
164:
153:
147:
134:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4902:
4900:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4846:
4845:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4820:
4807:
4794:
4781:
4768:
4755:
4742:
4729:
4716:
4701:
4685:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4639:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4613:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4591:
4589:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4558:
4556:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4528:
4526:
4518:Clostridioides
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4485:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4444:
4442:
4433:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4384:
4382:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4366:Food poisoning
4356:
4355:
4354:
4341:
4339:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4304:S. epidermidis
4291:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4254:
4252:
4243:
4240:Staphylococcus
4232:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4186:
4184:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4090:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4039:
4037:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3941:
3939:
3929:
3920:
3909:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3875:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3816:
3810:Reference Work
3802:
3801:External links
3799:
3797:
3796:
3753:Raj S (2022).
3745:
3687:
3661:
3629:
3600:(2): 389–401.
3580:
3550:
3511:
3455:
3428:
3397:
3347:
3285:
3264:
3229:(1): E61–E64.
3209:
3156:
3129:(7): 475–487.
3109:
3080:(4): 229–231.
3056:
3026:
2999:(3): 139–125.
2976:
2923:"Treatment of
2913:
2860:
2813:
2777:
2763:
2746:
2728:
2676:
2649:(2): 161–172.
2633:
2614:(2): 297–310.
2595:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2523:10.1086/593188
2501:
2441:
2432:
2387:(2): 286–291.
2367:
2338:(3): 498–514.
2318:
2267:
2240:
2201:(2): 425–430.
2181:
2150:(2): 389–401.
2130:
2112:
2059:
2010:
1949:
1896:
1869:(4): 487–499.
1853:
1826:(3): 145–151.
1806:
1797:
1758:(3): 418–426.
1734:
1705:(5): 809–816.
1685:
1648:J Cell Physiol
1634:
1601:
1572:
1554:
1535:(4): 779–792.
1515:
1474:
1414:
1404:
1395:
1345:
1312:
1263:
1226:BMC Infect Dis
1203:
1168:(4): 487–499.
1149:
1108:
1077:
1064:(2): 387–396.
1037:
976:
974:
971:
970:
969:
962:
959:
926:
923:
863:Hamilton Smith
854:
851:
765:
762:
737:
736:
733:
714:
713:
710:
707:
673:
670:
661:
658:
649:
648:
645:
638:
632:
618:antimicrobials
564:
561:
489:coding regions
455:The genome of
417:
414:
277:
274:
238:genital tracts
187:
186:
173:
172:
166:
165:
154:
143:
142:
136:
135:
128:
126:
122:
121:
118:Mycoplasmoides
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
77:Mycoplasmatota
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4901:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4864:Organism size
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4842:
4830:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4812:
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4782:
4778:
4773:
4769:
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4721:
4717:
4712:
4706:
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4678:
4674:
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4624:
4621:
4620:
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4600:
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4598:
4597:
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4592:
4590:
4588:
4584:
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4560:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4478:
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4464:
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4456:
4453:
4452:
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4450:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4418:
4416:
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4390:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4100:S. agalactiae
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4064:Scarlet fever
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4045:susceptible:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3946:S. pneumoniae
3943:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3917:Streptococcus
3913:
3910:
3907:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3845:
3843:
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3837:
3834:
3828:
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3815:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3792:
3788:
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3773:
3768:
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3723:
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3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
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3649:
3645:
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3603:
3599:
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3568:
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3560:
3554:
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3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3515:
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3503:
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3487:
3483:
3479:
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3459:
3456:
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3299:
3292:
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3269:
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3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
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3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3121:: a review".
3120:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3066:"The role of
3060:
3057:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
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2990:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2937:(4): e61481.
2936:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2917:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
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2255:
2251:
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2241:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2131:
2126:
2125:www.genome.jp
2122:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2046:
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2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
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1776:
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1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
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1738:
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1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1671:11392/2393176
1667:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1622:
1618:
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1612:
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1497:
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1436:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
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1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
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1199:
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1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
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1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1109:
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1078:
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1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
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1044:
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1038:
1033:
1029:
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1021:
1017:
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1009:
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993:
986:
984:
982:
978:
972:
968:
965:
964:
960:
958:
954:
952:
951:M. genitalium
948:
944:
940:
936:
935:M. genitalium
932:
924:
922:
920:
919:M. genitalium
916:
915:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
894:
889:
888:
882:
878:
877:M. genitalium
874:
873:
868:
867:synthetic DNA
864:
860:
852:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:M. genitalium
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
808:M. genitalium
805:
804:
799:
798:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
774:
770:
763:
761:
759:
758:pristinamycin
755:
750:
746:
742:
739:Treatment of
734:
730:
729:
728:
725:
723:
720:resistance.
717:
711:
708:
705:
704:
703:
700:
699:M. genitalium
696:
691:
687:
683:
679:
671:
669:
667:
659:
657:
655:
646:
643:
639:
637:
636:index patient
633:
630:
629:
628:
625:
623:
619:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
562:
560:
558:
557:M. genitalium
553:
551:
547:
543:
542:M. genitalium
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:transcription
498:
495:required for
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:M. genitalium
450:
446:
441:
434:
430:
426:
422:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
381:
380:M. genitalium
377:
376:M. genitalium
373:
369:
368:M. genitalium
365:
364:M. genitalium
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:urinary tract
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
306:
301:
297:
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4395:Listeriosis
4298:susceptible
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3938:susceptible
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898:kilodaltons
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270:antibiotics
242:antibiotics
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577:Mycoplasma
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473:sequencing
461:base pairs
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325:urethritis
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