133:
414:
280:
248:
181:
200:
806:, the capital of Kokang, following a mass surrender of the last Burmese military junta forces. In the same day, the MNDAA claimed the "liberation" of Kokang. On January 11, the junta and the Brotherhood Alliance reached a ceasefire under Chinese sponsorship in northern Shan State. On June 25, the TNLA announced that it was resuming military operations against the junta in reaction to repeated ceasefire violations and launched simultaneous attacks in coordination with local PDF groups. The same day, the MNDAA and its allies attacked several military bases around
444:
333:
224:
321:
169:
305:
292:
236:
725:
267:
157:
212:
702:
On 9 February 2015 the MNDAA tried to retake the area, clashing with
Burmese government forces in Laukkai. The skirmishes left a total of 47 Government soldiers dead and 73 wounded. After several months of intense conflict, Kokang insurgents had failed to capture Laukkai. Following the incident, the
664:
In August 2009, the
Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army became involved in a violent conflict with the Myanmar Armed Forces. This was the largest outbreak of fighting between ethnic armies and government troops since the signing of the ceasefire 20 years earlier.
849:
condemned the executions "in the strongest term", calling them "an inhuman and degrading punishment that represents an ultimate denial of human dignity". The group has also been accused of forcibly recruiting migrant workers as fighters and executing deserters.
779:, killing at least 14 police officers and burning the station to the ground. MNDAA and TNLA further launched attacks in multiple locations in Northern Shan State on 4 and 5 May 2021, inflicting heavy casualties on the Myanmar military.
2254:
1688:
591:(also spelt Peng Jia Sheng or Phone Kyar Shin), dissatisfied with the communist government, broke away and formed the MNDAA. Along with his brother, Peng Jiafu, they became the new unit in
2234:
1371:
1288:
815:
952:
1759:
2277:
1484:
2362:
833:
or "foreign communities opposing China and
Myanmar." They further declared the ceasing of all military action against the SAC junta, except in cases of self-defense.
987:
2401:
1151:
1644:
2211:
2093:
1776:
1768:
2327:
1913:
1563:
1098:
602:. As the first group in the Shan State area to sign a ceasefire, the Burmese central government referred to the Kokang region controlled by the MNDAA as "
911:
1445:
1345:
1470:
1416:
2013:
1937:
1752:
1680:
137:
1628:
2411:
1804:
1258:
973:
1968:
1537:
1512:
2007:
1983:
1040:
1016:
2334:
799:
368:
2322:
1977:
1367:
830:
1280:
1603:
2116:
1973:
1889:
1745:
396:
337:
240:
216:
2048:
1907:
1182:
1111:
772:
185:
2201:
2042:
1958:
31:
2146:
1829:
204:
2018:
1863:
948:
413:
2151:
2082:
2355:
2264:
2196:
2111:
2052:
1893:
1819:
1589:
494:
760:
984:
2272:
2101:
2003:
1318:
685:
607:
480:
814:. On 14 July, the group announced a four-day halt in fighting to avoid interfering with the Third Plenary Session of the
2375:
2171:
1943:
1143:
348:
106:
2038:
2028:
711:
On 6 March 2017, MNDAA insurgents attacked police and military posts in
Laukkai, resulting in the deaths of 30 people.
2244:
1849:
1498:
603:
148:
1645:
MNDAA Declares No
Military or Political Alliance with NUG, Will Not Launch Offensives in Mandalay and Taunggyi Cities
1962:
2249:
2186:
2136:
1997:
764:
457:
161:
2229:
2161:
2106:
2032:
2023:
1953:
1794:
1117:
228:
2191:
2166:
2131:
2072:
1987:
1859:
584:
448:
252:
173:
17:
974:
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/4/myanmar-regime-labels-key-ethnic-armed-groups-terrorist-organisations
907:
30:
This article is about the armed group in the Kokang region. For the armed group in the Mong La township, see
2156:
2078:
1813:
1798:
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1341:
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2176:
1923:
1834:
1809:
1660:
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1928:
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in
October 2023, launching coordinated attacks and seizing governmental military outposts ranging from
2300:
2058:
1897:
1883:
1726:
1254:
659:
623:
599:
353:
325:
2121:
1947:
1879:
1869:
1843:
647:
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1993:
1874:
1839:
1824:
1583:
1421:
643:
572:
2312:
1107:
1036:
1012:
803:
622:). After the ceasefire, the area underwent an economic boom, with both the MNDAA and regional
378:
703:
government of China was accused of giving military assistance to the ethnic Kokang soldiers.
2068:
995:
842:
811:
615:
517:
383:
1174:
2406:
2282:
2181:
1918:
1665:
991:
859:
791:
635:
588:
1737:
1342:"Ethnic Army Alliance Kills 14 Myanmar Police in Dawn Raid as Death Toll Mounts in Bago"
738:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2287:
2224:
1230:
1205:
846:
783:
373:
363:
2395:
2126:
1632:
1471:"MNDAA captures military command centre outside Laukkai, taking full control of city"
2219:
1903:
1485:"Myanmar Regime Raises the White Flag in Kokang Zone on China Border in Shan State"
1395:"၁၀၂၇ စစ်ဆင်ရေးအဖြစ် ရှမ်းမြောက်ပိုင်းရှိ စစ်ကောင်စီ၏ စစ်ရေးပစ်မှတ်များကိုဝင်တိုက်"
1394:
639:
524:
309:
297:
1784:
934:"Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) » Myanmar Peace Monitor"
829:
On 18 September, the MNDAA declared that they would not form alliances with the
795:
768:
112:
1714:
1661:"Video shows rebel group sentencing own fighters to death for 'abuse of power'"
1368:"TNLA, MNDAA Claim to Have Killed Dozens of Myanmar Junta Troops in Shan State"
1310:
2141:
650:
allegedly launders and reinvests MNDAA's drug profits into the legal economy.
567:(Burma). The army has existed since 1989, having been the first one to sign a
556:
67:
1446:"Ethnic Alliance Report Rapid Gains From Myanmar Junta Along Chinese Border"
568:
1681:"MNDAA Accused of Forcibly Recruiting Myanmar Migrants, Killing Deserters"
1417:"Ethnic rebel alliance attacks military positions across northern Myanmar"
2380:
933:
756:
583:
The group was formed on 12 March 1989, after the local head of the local
284:
1629:
Myanmar Junta
Designates Brotherhood Alliance Members ‘Terrorist’ Groups
598:
The rebels soon became the first group to agree to a ceasefire with the
1648:
1513:"Myanmar's military, ethnic armed groups agree to China-mediated truce"
673:
564:
402:
272:
99:
1854:
807:
787:
776:
677:
669:
642:
groups control the cultivation areas, making them an easy target for
631:
592:
560:
95:
1564:"Myanmar's MNDAA Launches Offensive to Seize Northern Shan Capital"
688:
on 20 August 2010, however, it was recognized as illegal by MNDAA.
681:
627:
821:
On 2 September, the SAC declared the MNDAA as a terrorist group.
1604:"MNDAA Announces Four-Day Halt in Fighting in Myanmar's N. Shan"
794:
in northern Shan State. On 28 October 2023 it was reported that
1741:
1144:"China Urges Burma to Bridle Ethnic Militia Uprising at Border"
718:
798:
had come fully under control of the MNDAA during the ongoing
2255:
United
National Liberation Front of Western South East Asia
595:. The strength of the army is between 1,500 and 2,000 men.
2235:
Federal
Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee
949:"Curfew imposed after clashes near Myanmar-China border"
668:
As a result of the conflict, the MNDAA lost control of
425:
1727:"Myanmar govt forces in pursuit of Kokang ethnic army"
1255:"Myanmar Kokang Rebels Deny Receiving Chinese Weapons"
1175:"Myanmar says Kokang rebels killed 47 of its soldiers"
816:
20th
Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
529:
1538:"TNLA Restarts Operation 1027 Against Myanmar Junta"
2343:
2263:
2210:
2092:
1775:
1281:"Deadly clashes hit Kokang in Myanmar's Shan state"
523:
516:
511:
493:
479:
470:
420:
408:
395:
344:
260:
143:
126:
118:
105:
91:
73:
63:
41:
1070:Myanmar: the state, community and the environment.
1100:A Failing Grade: Burma's Drug Eradication Efforts
1715:"Myanmar clashes with rebels 'kill 47 soldiers'"
985:Ethnic group in Myanmar said to break cease-fire
1311:"Myanmar rebel clashes in Kokang leave 30 dead"
1086:Organized crime: from trafficking to terrorism.
2363:Union Peace Conference – 21st Century Panglong
880:Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army
763:, when the MNDAA, alongside its allies of the
575:. The ceasefire lasted for about two decades.
18:Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army
1753:
1033:Ethnic politics in Burma: states of conflict.
499:
485:
54:
8:
1106:. Alternative ASEAN Network on Burma. 2004.
1499:"MNDAA Liberates Kokang From Myanmar Junta"
1084:Shanty, Frank; Mishra, Patit Paban (2007).
626:(Tatmadaw) troops profiting from increased
56:မြန်မာ့အမျိုးသားဒီမိုကရက်တစ်မဟာမိတ်တပ်မတော်
1760:
1746:
1738:
1068:Skidmore, Monique; Wilson, Trevor (2007).
508:
38:
27:Ethnic insurgent group in northern Myanmar
1080:
1078:
1057:Burma: prospects for a democratic future.
549:Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
471:Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
42:Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
138:Myanmar National Truth and Justice Party
1027:
1025:
899:
871:
1581:
1154:from the original on 15 September 2010
467:
2402:Ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar
1769:Ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar
1051:
1049:
775:, attacked a police station south of
620:မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်အထူးဒေသ (၁)
7:
1059:Brookings Institution Press. p. 169.
1173:Mullen, Jethro; Mobasherat, Mitra.
217:Karenni Nationalities Defence Force
1444:Zan, Hein Htoo (28 October 2023).
1291:from the original on 22 March 2017
1185:from the original on 11 April 2019
914:from the original on 22 April 2019
634:-refining. The area also produces
531:Miǎndiàn mínzú mínzhǔ tóngméng jūn
25:
32:National Democratic Alliance Army
2278:China–Myanmar border (1960–1961)
1691:from the original on 18 May 2024
1501:. The Irrawaddy. 6 January 2024.
1487:. The Irrawaddy. 5 January 2024.
1393:Watch, Dawei (27 October 2023).
1261:from the original on 11 May 2019
1142:Johnston, Tim (29 August 2009).
1009:Burma: ethnicity and insurgency.
955:from the original on 24 May 2020
723:
646:and organised crime groups. The
442:
412:
369:Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
331:
319:
303:
290:
278:
265:
246:
234:
222:
210:
198:
179:
167:
155:
131:
1374:from the original on 6 May 2021
1348:from the original on 7 May 2021
1321:from the original on 8 May 2019
908:"Myanmar Peace Monitor - MNDAA"
802:. On 5 January 2024, the MNDAA
773:Ta'ang National Liberation Army
397:Designated as a terrorist group
186:Ta'ang National Liberation Army
2412:1989 establishments in Myanmar
2356:Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement
1473:. Myanmar Now. 5 January 2024.
1340:Eckert, Paul (10 April 2021).
1035:Taylor & Francis. p. 140.
804:gained full control of Laukkai
611:
530:
500:
486:
205:Bamar People's Liberation Army
49:
1:
1370:. The Irrawaddy. 5 May 2021.
686:Kokang Self-Administered Zone
684:. The Kokang area became the
2376:Internal conflict in Myanmar
1207:缅甸掸邦第一特区军事管制委员会对敌伪人员的通令（汉/缅）
349:Internal conflict in Myanmar
782:The MNDAA were involved in
604:Shan State Special Region 1
2428:
2250:Three Brotherhood Alliance
1588:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1007:Fredholm, Michael (1993).
812:began surrounding the city
695:
657:
458:Mongko Region Defence Army
29:
2371:
2230:Chin Brotherhood Alliance
1229:果敢资讯网 (7 November 2023).
1204:果敢资讯网 (31 October 2023).
732:This section needs to be
715:2021 post-coup resistance
680:province in neighbouring
619:
541:
507:
475:
434:
229:Myanmar Royal Dragon Army
55:
46:
1231:
1206:
1055:Rotberg, Robert (1998).
990:6 September 2009 at the
841:MNDAA has held multiple
672:, and as many as 30,000
585:Communist Party of Burma
495:Traditional Chinese
449:Communist Party of Burma
253:People's Liberation Army
174:Kachin Independence Army
481:Simplified Chinese
79:12 March 1989
1031:South, Ashley (2008).
638:. The MNDAA and other
241:People's Defence Force
2273:Communist (1948–1988)
698:2015 Kokang offensive
359:2015 Kokang offensive
1647:September 19, 2024.
765:Brotherhood Alliance
660:2009 Kokang incident
654:2009 Kokang conflict
624:Myanmar Armed Forces
354:2009 Kokang incident
326:Myanmar Police Force
310:Northeastern Command
1733:. 12 February 2015.
1721:. 13 February 2015.
1635:. September 4, 2024
1344:. Radio Free Asia.
1148:The Washington Post
1072:ANU E Press. p. 69.
648:Peace Myanmar Group
571:agreement with the
92:Active regions
2240:Federal Union Army
1210:(in Chinese). 网易新闻
951:. Anadolu Agency.
878:Also known as the
759:resumed after the
573:Burmese government
75:Dates of operation
2389:
2388:
2245:Northern Alliance
1425:. 27 October 2023
1285:www.aljazeera.com
1041:978-0-203-89519-1
1017:978-0-275-94370-7
1011:Praeger. p. 205.
998:. 28 August 2009.
843:public executions
755:Clashes with the
753:
752:
600:government troops
545:
544:
537:
536:
518:Standard Mandarin
466:
465:
454:Succeeded by
379:Battle of Laukkai
149:Northern Alliance
16:(Redirected from
2419:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1739:
1734:
1722:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1669:. 25 April 2024.
1657:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1495:
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1475:
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1467:
1461:
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1458:
1456:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1317:. 6 March 2017.
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1232:（评论）缅伪政权统治果敢的十宗罪
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1122:
1116:. Archived from
1105:
1095:
1089:
1088:ABC-CLIO. p. 70.
1082:
1073:
1066:
1060:
1053:
1044:
1029:
1020:
1005:
999:
996:Associated Press
982:
976:
971:
965:
964:
962:
960:
944:
938:
937:
930:
924:
923:
921:
919:
904:
887:
876:
748:
745:
739:
727:
726:
719:
644:drug trafficking
621:
613:
557:resistance group
533:
532:
509:
503:
502:
489:
488:
468:
447:
446:
445:
438:Preceded by
430:
427:
416:
384:Battle of Lashio
345:Battles and wars
338:Union of Myanmar
336:
335:
334:
324:
323:
322:
308:
307:
306:
296:
294:
293:
283:
282:
281:
271:
269:
268:
251:
250:
249:
239:
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237:
227:
226:
225:
215:
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213:
203:
202:
201:
184:
183:
182:
172:
171:
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160:
159:
158:
136:
135:
134:
86:
84:
76:
59:
58:
57:
52:
51:
39:
21:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2367:
2339:
2265:Armed conflicts
2259:
2206:
2088:
1771:
1766:
1725:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1687:. 16 May 2024.
1679:
1678:
1674:
1666:Radio Free Asia
1659:
1658:
1654:
1643:
1639:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1483:
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1478:
1469:
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1464:
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1443:
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1428:
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1415:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1398:
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1391:
1387:
1377:
1375:
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1365:
1361:
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1349:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1309:
1308:
1304:
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1292:
1279:
1278:
1274:
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1253:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1223:
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1211:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1123:on 4 March 2016
1120:
1114:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1047:
1030:
1023:
1006:
1002:
992:Wayback Machine
983:
979:
972:
968:
958:
956:
947:Lynn, Kyaw Ye.
946:
945:
941:
932:
931:
927:
917:
915:
910:. 6 June 2013.
906:
905:
901:
896:
891:
890:
877:
873:
868:
860:Shan State Army
856:
839:
827:
792:Hopang Township
749:
743:
740:
737:
728:
724:
717:
709:
700:
694:
662:
656:
636:methamphetamine
589:Pheung Kya-shin
581:
462:
461:
460:(split in 1995)
456:
451:
443:
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424:
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2335:post-2021 coup
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2225:7 EAO Alliance
2222:
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2066:
2056:
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2036:
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2016:
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2001:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1966:
1956:
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1941:
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1911:
1901:
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1709:
1708:External links
1706:
1703:
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1693:. Retrieved
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1397:(in Burmese)
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1118:the original
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707:2017 clashes
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525:Hanyu Pinyin
453:
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340:(until 2011)
298:Myanmar Army
192:Other allies
191:
190:
147:
68:Pheung Daxun
36:
1265:16 February
1189:19 February
959:21 November
884:Kokang Army
796:Chinshwehaw
769:Arakan Army
162:Arakan Army
113:nationalism
2396:Categories
2351:Ceasefires
2212:Coalitions
2142:Mujahideen
2117:God's Army
2014:PRA-Magway
1517:Al Jazeera
1455:28 October
1429:28 October
1422:Al Jazeera
1401:27 October
1239:14 January
1214:14 January
1158:3 December
894:References
563:region of
83:1989-03-12
2323:1991–1992
2293:Karen–Mon
1954:MRDA/BNRA
1584:cite news
918:4 January
837:Criticism
800:civil war
569:ceasefire
501:緬甸民族民主同盟軍
487:缅甸民族民主同盟军
426:mndaainfo
261:Opponents
87:– present
50:缅甸民族民主同盟军
2381:Tatmadaw
2313:Rohingya
1719:BBC News
1689:Archived
1372:Archived
1346:Archived
1319:Archived
1315:BBC News
1289:Archived
1259:Archived
1183:Archived
1152:Archived
988:Archived
953:Archived
912:Archived
854:See also
757:Tatmadaw
676:fled to
674:refugees
612:缅甸掸邦第一特区
285:Tatmadaw
107:Ideology
2297:Kokang
2094:Defunct
1649:Mizzima
1614:15 July
1548:25 June
1325:9 March
1295:9 March
1127:11 July
734:updated
616:Burmese
608:Chinese
579:History
565:Myanmar
559:in the
421:Website
403:Myanmar
273:Myanmar
127:Part of
111:Kokang
100:Myanmar
81: (
2407:Kokang
2283:Kachin
1969:NSCN-K
1875:KNA(B)
1855:DKBA-5
1777:Active
1731:Xinhua
1695:20 May
1574:4 July
1522:4 July
1235:. 网易新闻
1110:
1039:
1015:
845:. The
808:Lashio
788:Lashio
777:Lashio
767:, the
678:Yunnan
670:Kokang
632:heroin
610::
593:Kokang
561:Kokang
295:
270:
144:Allies
122:6,000+
96:Kokang
64:Leader
2288:Karen
2147:NDA-K
2039:SSA-S
2029:SSA-N
1938:MNTJP
1934:MNDAA
1914:KNPLF
1805:ABSDF
1378:7 May
1352:7 May
1121:(PDF)
1104:(PDF)
866:Notes
682:China
628:opium
553:MNDAA
2318:1978
2306:2015
2301:2009
2202:VBSW
2197:SURA
2192:SSNA
2187:SSCP
2157:RFCP
2152:NUPA
2137:MRDA
2112:DKBA
2102:ARIF
2063:UWSP
2059:UWSA
2053:PSLF
2049:TNLA
2043:RCSS
2033:SSPP
2008:PNLO
2004:PNLA
1959:NDAA
1948:NMSP
1944:MNLA
1919:KTLA
1908:KNPP
1894:KNLA
1890:KNDO
1884:KNLP
1880:KNLA
1850:CNDF
1830:BPLA
1820:ARSA
1697:2024
1616:2024
1590:link
1576:2024
1550:2024
1524:2024
1457:2023
1431:2023
1403:2023
1380:2021
1354:2021
1327:2017
1297:2017
1267:2015
1241:2024
1216:2024
1191:2015
1160:2017
1129:2015
1108:ISBN
1037:ISBN
1013:ISBN
961:2016
920:2016
882:and
810:and
771:and
547:The
428:.com
409:Flag
119:Size
2182:SSA
2177:RNA
2172:RRF
2167:RPF
2162:RLP
2132:MRA
2127:MTA
2122:KDA
2107:CPA
2083:ZRO
2079:ZRA
2073:WNO
2069:WNA
2024:SNA
2019:RSO
1998:PNO
1994:PNA
1988:CPB
1984:PLA
1978:NUG
1974:PDF
1963:PSC
1929:LDU
1924:KPC
1898:KNU
1870:KNA
1864:KIO
1860:KIA
1844:CNF
1840:CNA
1835:CDF
1825:BLA
1814:ALP
1810:ALA
1799:ANC
1789:ULA
1179:CNN
831:NUG
790:to
606:" (
2398::
1904:KA
1892:/
1795:AA
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