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Myal was generally tolerated by slave owners because of its stance against Obeah and its adoption of
Christian elements. By the 1860s, Myal-based churches became referred to as "Revivalist" churches and were established as Baptist churches. From 1858 to 1859, a Christian revival swept Jamaica, adding
643:
Most
Revivalist faiths involve oral confessions, trances, dreams, prophesies, spirit seizures, and frenzied dancing. In Pocomania, male religious leaders are usually called "Shepherd", and in Revival Zion, the male leaders are called "Captain". Female leaders are generally called "mother".
635:, which departs the Earth after death, and the second spirit, which acts as the person's shadow and needs protection from evil. Under slavery, Myalists would ingest a mix of cold water and branched callaloo to induce an intoxicated state and then dance to commune with the spirits.
573:
slaves. The centrality of spirit possession is a core component of both Myal and Kongo religion. This evidence suggests that Myal is more closely related to Kongo. Myalism resulted from the cooperation of ethnically diverse
African slaves. The term "Myal" was first recorded by
607:
energy to local religious life. Two branches of this revival, the 60 Order or
Revival Zion and the 61 Order or Pocomania, emerged. Revival Zion adopted more orthodox Christian practices, while Pocomania continued more African practices.
598:
and
Myalist Native Baptist Churches. After 1814, the Myalist chapels started to become more visible. By the 1840s, many Congolese indentured laborers arrived in Jamaica where they revitalised Myal practices and the
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churches and incorporated Myal rituals into them. Over time, these Myal-influenced churches began preaching the importance of baptisms and the eradication of Obeah, thus separating the two traditions.
548:, its practices focus more on the connection of spirits with humans. Over time, Myal began to meld with Christian practices and created the religious tradition known as Revivalism.
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Myalists honor a creator god and ancestor or
African spirits. These spirits are invoked in Myal rituals. It holds that a human has two souls: the
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and Myal were not distinguished. Over time, "Myal-men" involved in spirit possession became involved with
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Afro-Caribbean
Religions: An Introduction to Their Historical, Cultural, and Sacred Traditions
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Myal as a separate religion is no longer practiced, its rituals can be found in
Revivalism,
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After the abolition of slavery, conservative
Christian churches began to lose followers to
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in 1774 when describing a ritual dance done by
Jamaican slaves. At first, the practices of
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Paul Easterling, "The Ifa’ Diaspora: The Art of Syncretism, Part 5 – Obeah and Myal" in
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origin, because of its popularity with Akan slaves. However, Myal was also popular with
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The practice of Myal as a spirit possession originated in Jamaica. It derived from the
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Payne-Jackson, Arvilla; Alleyne, Mervyn C.; Alleyne, Mervyn C. (2004).
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540:of African religions during the slave era in
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776:Jamaican Folk Medicine: A Source Of Healing
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779:. University of the West Indies Press.
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968:"The Evolution Of Myalism – Part 1"
944:"The Evolution Of Myalism – Part 3"
868:Black Theology in Britain: A Reader
750:"The Evolution Of Myalism – Part 2"
536:spirituality. It developed via the
25:
722:Nathaniel Samuel Murrell (2010).
565:. It was once theorized to be of
1182:
893:"Culture and Customs of Jamaica"
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127:
812:Culture and Customs of Jamaica
1:
696:"Creole Religions in Jamaica"
1350:European witchcraft folklore
728:. Temple University Press.
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1019:African diaspora religions
920:"In the spirit of Revival"
1423:Native American religions
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815:. Greenwood Publishing.
685:(Afrometrics.org, 2017).
584:Jamaican Native Baptist
1446:Afro-American religion
1192:Practices and concepts
627:Early Myalist religion
27:Afro-Jamaican religion
1451:Afro-Jamaican culture
275:Ancestral veneration
180:Chicamassi-chinuinji
1456:Religion in Jamaica
972:jamaica-gleaner.com
948:Jamaica-gleaner.com
924:Jamaica-gleaner.com
754:jamaica-gleaner.com
1164:Trinidadian Vodunu
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1345:Western occultism
1154:Spiritual Baptist
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156:Kongo Catholicism
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16:(Redirected from
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1199:Animal sacrifice
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1328:Christianity
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1243:Jazz funeral
1129:MarĂa Lionza
1048:Black church
975:. Retrieved
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951:. Retrieved
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538:creolization
529:
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469:Maria Lionza
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280:Kalunga line
97:Revival Zion
1382:Fon and Ewe
1333:Catholicism
1293:Voodoo doll
1273:Nine nights
1053:Catholicism
576:Edward Long
445:Espiritismo
384:Goofer dust
251:Phulu Bunzi
217:Mbantilanda
213:Mamba Muntu
146:Antonianism
80:Separations
1440:Categories
1283:Spirituals
977:2019-03-05
953:2019-03-05
929:2019-03-11
902:2019-03-11
828:2019-03-11
792:2019-02-21
759:2019-03-05
705:2019-02-21
670:References
664:Bob Marley
639:Revivalism
603:religion.
596:Bedwardism
414:Ring shout
229:Moni-Mambu
194:Kuitikuiti
59:Slave era
1401:Rastafari
1144:Quimbanda
1060:Candomblé
1026:Religions
847:ignored (
837:cite book
622:Practices
430:Candomblé
423:Religions
197:Lubangala
139:Religions
94:Pocomania
1263:Mojo bag
1149:SanterĂa
1087:Convince
648:See also
616:Convince
492:Category
459:Convince
409:Mojo bag
352:Diaspora
268:Elements
244:Nzambici
209:Ma Kiela
183:Dinganga
121:religion
110:a series
108:Part of
84:Convince
1258:Michari
1253:Macumba
1214:Houngan
1169:Umbanda
1114:Judaism
1102:in Cuba
1043:Atheism
552:History
542:Jamaica
404:Kumbaya
206:Makanga
203:Lusunzi
200:Lusiemo
191:Kimbazi
169:Deities
62:Jamaica
18:Myalism
1394:Yoruba
1389:Orisha
1298:Zombie
1226:Hoodoo
1134:Maroon
1119:Kumina
1033:Abakuá
875:
819:
783:
732:
654:Kumina
614:, and
612:Kumina
601:Kumina
557:Origin
532:is an
463:Kumina
389:Hoodoo
378:Brazil
361:Hoodoo
335:Nkondi
305:Nlongo
300:Nganga
290:Mfinda
255:Yahweh
235:Ntangu
232:Ngonde
226:Mbumba
220:Mbenza
88:Kumina
56:Origin
41:Creole
1406:Winti
1370:Bantu
1365:Nkisi
1360:Kongo
1316:Alusi
1278:Obeah
1231:Kongo
1219:Mambo
1209:Bokor
1174:Winti
1109:Islam
1082:Comfa
1065:Bantu
1038:Arará
659:Obeah
633:duppy
580:Obeah
571:Kongo
546:Obeah
440:Comfa
434:Bantu
340:Tumba
330:Nkisi
310:Simbi
248:Nzazi
223:Mboze
187:Jesus
176:Bunzi
151:Kongo
119:Kongo
74:Obeah
1418:Zemi
1411:Akan
1321:Igbo
1288:Veve
1268:Myal
1139:Palo
1075:Ketu
1070:Jejé
873:ISBN
849:help
817:ISBN
781:ISBN
730:ISBN
567:Akan
530:Myal
455:Myal
450:Palo
38:Type
33:Myal
1377:Loa
1355:Ifá
393:USA
323:Art
1442::
970:.
946:.
922:.
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376:(
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