55:
442:. These myelin-like sheaths share several structural features with the sheaths found in vertebrates including multiplicity of membranes, condensation of membrane, and nodes. However, the nodes in vertebrates are annular; i.e. they encircle the axon. In contrast, nodes found in the sheaths of invertebrates are either annular or fenestrated; i.e. they are restricted to "spots". The fastest recorded conduction speed (across both vertebrates and invertebrates) is found in the ensheathed axons of the
477:
606:
183:) pass along the axon. The myelinated axon can be likened to an electrical wire (the axon) with insulating material (myelin) around it. However, unlike the plastic covering on an electrical wire, myelin does not form a single long sheath over the entire length of the axon. Rather, myelin ensheaths the axon segmentally: in general, each axon is encased in multiple long sheaths with short gaps between, called
459:
706:, along the axon. In 2012, evidence came to light to support a role for the myelinating cell in "feeding" the axon. In other words, the myelinating cell seems to act as a local "fueling station" for the axon, which uses a great deal of energy to restore the normal balance of ions between it and its environment, following the generation of action potentials.
40:
838:), weakness of arms or legs, cognitive disruption, including speech impairment and memory loss, heat sensitivity (symptoms worsen or reappear upon exposure to heat, such as a hot shower), loss of dexterity, difficulty coordinating movement or balance disorder, difficulty controlling bowel movements or urination, fatigue, and tinnitus.
398:), though axons are ensheathed by a type of cell, called glial cells, in invertebrates. These glial wraps are quite different from vertebrate compact myelin, formed, as indicated above, by concentric wrapping of the myelinating cell process multiple times around the axon. Myelin was first described in 1854 by
876:(AChEIs), may have beneficial effects on myelination, myelin repair, and myelin integrity. Increasing cholinergic stimulation also may act through subtle trophic effects on brain developmental processes and particularly on oligodendrocytes and the lifelong myelination process they support. Increasing
361:
into mature oligodendrocytes, which form myelin. In humans, myelination begins early in the 3rd trimester, although only little myelin is present in either the CNS or the PNS at the time of birth. During infancy, myelination progresses rapidly, with increasing numbers of axons acquiring myelin
709:
When a peripheral fiber is severed, the myelin sheath provides a track along which regrowth can occur. However, the myelin layer does not ensure a perfect regeneration of the nerve fiber. Some regenerated nerve fibers do not find the correct muscle fibers, and some damaged motor neurons of the
681:
depolarises to approximately +35 mV. Along the myelinated internode, energy-dependent sodium/potassium pumps pump the sodium ions back out of the axon and potassium ions back into the axon to restore the balance of ions between the intracellular (inside the cell, i.e. axon in this case) and
197:
At the molecular level, the myelin sheath increases the distance between extracellular and intracellular ions, reducing the accumulation of electrical charges. The discontinuous structure of the myelin sheath results in the action potential "jumping" from one node of
Ranvier over a long
829:
results in diverse symptoms determined by the functions of the affected neurons. It disrupts signals between the brain and other parts of the body; symptoms differ from patient to patient, and have different presentations upon clinical observation and in laboratory studies.
536:, which also appear white) each comprise thousands to millions of axons, largely aligned in parallel. Blood vessels provide the route for oxygen and energy substrates such as glucose to reach these fibre tracts, which also contain other cell types including
194:. Saltatory conduction refers to the fact that electrical impulses 'jump' along the axon, over long myelin sheaths, from one node of Ranvier to the next. Thus, information is passed around 100 times faster along a myelinated axon than a non-myelinated one.
410:. In the CNS, non-myelinated axons (or intermittently myelinated axons, meaning axons with long non-myelinated regions between myelinated segments) intermingle with myelinated ones and are entwined, at least partially, by the processes of another type of
833:
Typical symptoms include blurriness in the central visual field that affects only one eye, may be accompanied by pain upon eye movement, double vision, loss of vision/hearing, odd sensation in legs, arms, chest, or face, such as tingling or numbness
685:
Whilst the role of myelin as an "axonal insulator" is well-established, other functions of myelinating cells are less well known or only recently established. The myelinating cell "sculpts" the underlying axon by promoting the
2256:
Fünfschilling U, Supplie LM, Mahad D, Boretius S, Saab AS, Edgar J, Brinkmann BG, Kassmann CM, Tzvetanova ID, Möbius W, Diaz F, Meijer D, Suter U, Hamprecht B, Sereda MW, Moraes CT, Frahm J, Goebbels S, Nave KA (April 2012).
575:(MPZ or P0) has a similar role to that of PLP in the CNS in that it is involved in holding together the multiple concentric layers of glial cell membrane that constitute the myelin sheath. The primary lipid of myelin is a
2627:
Windrem MS, Nunes MC, Rashbaum WK, Schwartz TH, Goodman RA, McKhann G, Roy NS, Goldman SA (January 2004). "Fetal and adult human oligodendrocyte progenitor cell isolates myelinate the congenitally dysmyelinated brain".
694:, thus increasing the diameter or thickness of the axon at the internodal regions; helps cluster molecules on the axolemma (such as voltage-gated sodium channels) at the node of Ranvier; and modulates the transport of
405:
In vertebrates, not all axons are myelinated. For example, in the PNS, a large proportion of axons are unmyelinated. Instead, they are ensheathed by non-myelinating
Schwann cells known as Remak SCs and arranged in
2740:
Makoukji J, Belle M, Meffre D, Stassart R, Grenier J, Shackleford G, Fledrich R, Fonte C, Branchu J, Goulard M, de Waele C, Charbonnier F, Sereda MW, Baulieu EE, Schumacher M, Bernard S, Massaad C (March 2012).
676:
is decremental by nature, thus nodes of
Ranvier have to be (relatively) closely spaced, to secure action potential propagation. The action potential "recharges" at consecutive nodes of Ranvier as the axolemmal
511:
CNS myelin differs slightly in composition and configuration from PNS myelin, but both perform the same "insulating" function (see above). Being rich in lipid, myelin appears white, hence the name given to the
277:), which only myelinate a section of one axon. In the CNS, axons carry electrical signals from one nerve cell body to another. The "insulating" function for myelin is essential for efficient
791:
awareness. When myelin degrades, conduction of signals along the nerve can be impaired or lost, and the nerve eventually withers. A more serious case of myelin deterioration is called
4161:
672:) node of Ranvier, triggering the opening of the voltage gated sodium channels and entry of sodium ions at this site. Although the sodium ions diffuse through the axoplasm rapidly,
325:. Due to its high prevalence, multiple sclerosis, which specifically affects the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord and optic nerve), is the best known disorder of myelin.
945:
2068:
Saher G, Brügger B, Lappe-Siefke C, Möbius W, Tozawa R, Wehr MC, Wieland F, Ishibashi S, Nave KA (April 2005). "High cholesterol level is essential for myelin membrane growth".
190:
Myelin's best known function is to increase the rate at which information, encoded as electrical charges, passes along the axon's length. Myelin achieves this by eliciting
760:
2894:"Perturbed interactions of mutant proteolipid protein/DM20 with cholesterol and lipid rafts in oligodendroglia: implications for dysmyelination in spastic paraplegia"
4595:
621:) propagate along the myelinated fiber. In unmyelinated fibers, action potentials travel as continuous waves, but, in myelinated fibers, they "hop" or propagate by
4655:
366:, crawling and walking. Myelination continues through adolescence and early adulthood and although largely complete at this time, myelin sheaths can be added in
784:
93:
3027:
Fields, R. Douglas, "The Brain Learns in
Unexpected Ways: Neuroscientists have discovered a set of unfamiliar cellular mechanisms for making fresh memories",
402:, although it was over a century later, following the development of electron microscopy, that its glial cell origin and its ultrastructure became apparent.
787:
secondary to pernicious anaemia can lead to slight peripheral nerve damage to severe damage to the central nervous system, affecting speech, balance, and
4154:
2314:
Lee Y, Morrison BM, Li Y, Lengacher S, Farah MH, Hoffman PN, Liu Y, Tsingalia A, Jin L, Zhang PW, Pellerin L, Magistretti PJ, Rothstein JD (July 2012).
4391:
4386:
309:(e.g. acquiring and recalling knowledge), as demonstrated by the consequence of disorders that affect myelination, such as the genetically determined
3980:
3149:
3117:
896:
have been found to promote myelination in mice with damaged facial nerves. Cholesterol is a necessary nutrient for the myelin sheath, along with
4139:
3112:
4147:
3122:
2958:
2486:
776:
748:
4358:
564:
3037:, is now seen as making a contribution to learning by controlling the speed at which signals travel along neural wiring." (p. 79.)
155:
921:
908:
Dysmyelination is characterized by a defective structure and function of myelin sheaths; unlike demyelination, it does not produce
802:
may play a role in demyelination associated with such diseases, including inflammation causing demyelination by overproduction of
3773:
3703:
2849:
Miller A, Korem M, Almog R, Galboiz Y (June 2005). "Vitamin B12, demyelination, remyelination and repair in multiple sclerosis".
462:
354:
202:
or "internode", before "recharging" at the next node of
Ranvier. This 'jumping' continues until the action potential reaches the
2528:
Ledeen RW, Chakraborty G (March 1998). "Cytokines, signal transduction, and inflammatory demyelination: review and hypothesis".
3768:
3698:
3313:
714:
die without regrowth. Damage to the myelin sheath and nerve fiber is often associated with increased functional insufficiency.
265:, each of which sends out processes (limb-like extensions from the cell body) to myelinate multiple nearby axons; while in the
2665:
764:
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950:
881:
873:
853:
637:). It has been suggested that myelin permits larger body size by maintaining agile communication between distant body parts.
187:. At the nodes of Ranvier, which are approximately one thousandth of a mm in length, the axon's membrane is bare of myelin.
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641:
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88:
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54:
912:. Such defective sheaths often arise from genetic mutations affecting the biosynthesis and formation of myelin. The
4346:
3418:
768:
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563:(MBP), which is abundant in the CNS where it plays a critical, non-redundant role in formation of compact myelin;
4049:
3928:
3778:
3713:
3341:
711:
266:
215:
45:
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represents one animal model of dysmyelination. Human diseases where dysmyelination has been implicated include
362:
sheaths. This corresponds with the development of cognitive and motor skills, including language comprehension,
3708:
3434:
2941:
Matalon R, Michals-Matalon K, Surendran S, Tyring SK (2006). "Canavan disease: studies on the knockout mouse".
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869:
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transplantation), whether this technique can be effective in replacing myelin loss in humans is still unknown.
571:(PLP), which is the most abundant protein in CNS myelin, but only a minor component of PNS myelin. In the PNS,
358:
2802:"Brain Cholesterol Metabolism and Its Defects: Linkage to Neurodegenerative Diseases and Synaptic Dysfunction"
2573:"MRI evidence that docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester improves myelination in generalized peroxisomal disorders"
1352:"Leukodystrophies: a proposed classification system based on pathological changes and pathogenetic mechanisms"
625:. The latter is markedly faster than the former, at least for axons over a certain diameter. Myelin decreases
551:
In terms of total mass, myelin comprises approximately 40% water; the dry mass comprises between 60% and 75%
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100:
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198:(c. 0.1 mm – >1 mm, or 100–1000 micron) myelinated stretch of the axon called the
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826:
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1485:
1087:"The Molecular and Morphologic Structures That Make Saltatory Conduction Possible in Peripheral Nerve"
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3511:
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2327:
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1990:"The role of immune cells, glia and neurons in white and gray matter pathology in multiple sclerosis"
1941:"Multiple sclerosis: a coordinated immunological attack against myelin in the central nervous system"
1755:"Ueber das ausgebreitete Vorkommen einer dem Nervenmark analogen Substanz in den thierischen Geweben"
1717:
1601:"Myelin remodeling through experience-dependent oligodendrogenesis in the adult somatosensory cortex"
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610:
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Action potential propagation in myelinated neurons is faster than in unmyelinated neurons because of
600:
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191:
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Unmyelinated fibers and myelinated axons of the mammalian central nervous system do not regenerate.
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3898:
3743:
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2945:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 576. pp. 77–93, discussion 361–63.
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Demyelination is the loss of the myelin sheath insulating the nerves, and is the hallmark of some
3933:
3903:
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3788:
3783:
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2984:"Further evidence for altered myelin biosynthesis and glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia"
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1970:
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Stadelmann, Christine; Timmler, Sebastian; Barrantes-Freer, Alonso; Simons, Mikael (2019-07-01).
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Fatty substance that surrounds nerve cell axons to insulate them and increase transmission speed
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Research to repair damaged myelin sheaths is ongoing. Techniques include surgically implanting
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2015:
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1552:"Lifelong cortical myelin plasticity and age-related degeneration in the live mammalian brain"
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of a cross-section of a myelinated PNS axon, generated at the
Electron Microscopy Facility at
426:
Functionally equivalent myelin-like sheaths are found in several invertebrate taxa, including
241:
support to the axons. This is because axons, being elongated structures, are too far from the
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4569:
4514:
4504:
4499:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4459:
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3033:, vol. 322, no. 3 (March 2020), pp. 74–79. "Myelin, long considered inert insulation on
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2150:"Assembly of CNS Nodes of Ranvier in Myelinated Nerves Is Promoted by the Axon Cytoskeleton"
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2005:
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180:
123:
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is then rapidly restored due to positively charged potassium ions leaving the axon through
617:
The main purpose of myelin is to increase the speed at which electrical impulses (known as
4213:
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888:, possibly could promote myelination during development and myelin repair in older age.
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2001:
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664:. The sodium ions inside the axon then diffuse rapidly through the axoplasm (axonal
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Proceedings of the
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1319:
1302:
1189:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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648:. Here, they are highly abundant and densely packed. Positively charged sodium
591:
is an essential lipid component of myelin, without which myelin fails to form.
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4605:
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2259:"Glycolytic oligodendrocytes maintain myelin and long-term axonal integrity"
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818:
ethyl ester improves myelination in generalized peroxisomal disorders.
556:
431:
290:
219:
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4434:
4424:
4419:
4414:
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206:. Once there, the electrical signal provokes the release of chemical
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1020:
668:), to the adjacent myelinated internode and ultimately to the next (
652:
can enter the axon through these voltage-gated channels, leading to
2617:
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3564:
3034:
2422:"An energy budget for signaling in the grey matter of the brain"
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them and increase the rate at which electrical impulses (called
4143:
3962:
3131:
4549:
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986:
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649:
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100–120 m/s for the fastest myelinated vertebrate axon).
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2035:
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2666:"Stem Cell Therapy Replaces Missing Myelin In Mouse Brains"
2109:
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along the myelinated internodes, exposing them only at the
261:), myelination is formed by specialized glial cells called
138:
132:
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144:
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446:, an invertebrate, ranging between 90 and 200 m/s (
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1890:
Wang, Doris D.; Bordey, Angélique (11 December 2008).
656:
of the membrane potential at the node of Ranvier. The
387:
Myelin is considered a defining characteristic of the
2743:"Lithium enhances remyelination of peripheral nerves"
946:
Lesional demyelinations of the central nervous system
516:" of the CNS. Both CNS white matter tracts (e.g. the
156:
147:
59:
Neuron with oligodendrocyte and myelin sheath in the
2988:
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
1128:"Saltatory propagation of Ca2+ waves by Ca2+ sparks"
1091:
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
141:
4583:
4400:
4377:
4325:
4227:
4194:
4071:
4035:
3997:
3884:
3825:
3818:
3754:
3684:
3641:
3601:
3563:
3545:
3538:
3524:
3471:
3443:
3349:
3340:
3287:
3244:
3237:
3174:
3165:
2461:Huebner, Eric A.; Strittmatter, Stephen M. (2009).
864:. While results in mice have been encouraging (via
129:
126:
87:
82:
72:
67:
32:
245:to be supported by the neurons themselves. In the
2571:Martinez, Manuela; Vazquez, Elida (1 July 1998).
2205:Stassart RM, Möbius W, Nave KA, Edgar JM (2018).
761:chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
218:on the post-synaptic cell (e.g. another neuron,
4596:LDL-receptor-related protein-associated protein
2137:(6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.
1841:Monk KR, Feltri ML, Taveggia C (August 2015).
1350:van der Knaap MS, Bugiani M (September 2017).
1002:
1000:
969:, a nonprofit medical research foundation for
4155:
3974:
3143:
2426:Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
1696:
1694:
785:Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
480:Diagram of a myelinated axon in cross-section
8:
2467:Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation
1183:Dawson SP, Keizer J, Pearson JE (May 1999).
1058:Morell, Pierre; Quarles, Richard H. (1999).
884:, and other cholinergic treatments, such as
233:, which are non-neuronal cells that provide
1655:Hartline DK (May 2008). "What is myelin?".
856:in the central nervous system and inducing
771:, inherited demyelinating diseases such as
345:The process of generating myelin is called
175:(the nervous system's electrical wires) to
135:
4162:
4148:
4140:
3981:
3967:
3959:
3822:
3542:
3535:
3346:
3241:
3171:
3150:
3136:
3128:
2800:Petrov AM, Kasimov MR, Zefirov AL (2016).
1843:"New insights on Schwann cell development"
1550:Hill RA, Li AM, Grutzendler J (May 2018).
53:
38:
4392:Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C
4387:Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B
3058:
2999:
2917:
2825:
2776:
2766:
2504:
2437:
2396:
2347:
2290:
2232:
2222:
2181:
2009:
1956:
1915:
1866:
1817:
1729:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1624:
1575:
1526:
1375:
1318:
1277:
1259:
1218:
1208:
1159:
1102:
814:. MRI evidence that docosahexaenoic acid
682:extracellular (outside the cell) fluids.
583:. The intertwining hydrocarbon chains of
567:(MOG), which is specific to the CNS; and
3041:Swire M, Ffrench-Constant C (May 2018).
2373:"Non-signalling energy use in the brain"
2420:Attwell D, Laughlin SB (October 2001).
1509:Swire M, French-Constant C (May 2018).
996:
2118:(6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
430:annelids, and crustacean taxa such as
104:
44:Structure of simplified neuron in the
29:
4656:other cell membrane protein disorders
3113:The MS Information Sourcebook, Myelin
321:; and the inflammatory demyelinating
7:
3090:10.1001/archneur.1977.00500220019003
2851:Journal of the Neurological Sciences
1928:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
749:acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
4359:Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
565:myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
2672:. January 20, 2004. Archived from
1701:Salzer JL, Zalc B (October 2016).
25:
2371:Engl E, Attwell D (August 2015).
281:(i.e. movement such as walking),
2818:10.32607/20758251-2016-8-1-58-73
2439:10.1097/00004647-200110000-00001
633:across the axonal membrane (the
463:Transmission electron micrograph
355:oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
122:
3314:Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
2002:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.02.003
1908:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.09.015
1810:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.005
1792:Boullerne AI (September 2016).
874:acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
854:oligodendrocyte precursor cells
4628:Phospholipid transfer proteins
4364:Myelin-associated glycoprotein
2910:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3581-06.2006
2711:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.020
2131:"Characteristics of Neuroglia"
963:, project to regenerate myelin
951:Myelin-associated glycoprotein
587:strengthen the myelin sheath.
167:-rich material that surrounds
1:
2047:10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00136-4
1958:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81107-1
1413:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7
1152:10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77550-2
642:voltage-gated sodium channels
341:Critical period § Myelin
3060:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.05.005
2389:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282517
1528:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.05.005
1456:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000481
1444:Current Opinion in Neurology
922:Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease
313:; the acquired inflammatory
4059:Peripheral membrane protein
3424:Postganglionic nerve fibers
2898:The Journal of Neuroscience
1009:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
890:Glycogen synthase kinase 3β
777:Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
559:. Protein content includes
528:) and PNS nerves (e.g. the
4692:
4347:Myelin proteolipid protein
4050:Integral membrane proteins
3419:Preganglionic nerve fibers
1320:10.1152/physrev.00031.2018
845:
769:central pontine myelinosis
729:
658:resting membrane potential
598:
338:
332:
4651:
3929:Olfactory receptor neuron
3593:Neurofibril/neurofilament
3001:10.1017/S1461145706007334
2863:10.1016/j.jns.2005.03.009
2377:The Journal of Physiology
2211:Frontiers in Neuroscience
2174:10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.025
1731:10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.074
1669:10.1017/S1740925X09990263
1617:10.1038/s41593-018-0121-5
1568:10.1038/s41593-018-0120-6
1368:10.1007/s00401-017-1739-1
1248:Frontiers in Neuroscience
880:cholinergic stimulation,
712:peripheral nervous system
267:peripheral nervous system
99:
52:
37:
2224:10.3389/fnins.2018.00467
1994:Progress in Neurobiology
1896:Progress in Neurobiology
1261:10.3389/fnins.2018.00467
967:Myelin Repair Foundation
555:and between 15% and 25%
4094:Lipid raft/microdomains
2951:10.1007/0-387-30172-0_6
2768:10.1073/pnas.1121367109
2542:10.1023/A:1022493013904
1939:Steinman L (May 1996).
1892:"The astrocyte odyssey"
1794:"The history of myelin"
1210:10.1073/pnas.96.11.6060
765:Guillain–Barré syndrome
640:Myelinated fibers lack
489:Nucleus of Schwann cell
323:peripheral neuropathies
4099:Membrane contact sites
4063:Lipid-anchored protein
4045:Membrane glycoproteins
3876:Neuromuscular junction
3739:III or Aδ or fast pain
2530:Neurochemical Research
1798:Experimental Neurology
870:Cholinergic treatments
614:
508:
473:
315:demyelinating disorder
269:, myelin is formed by
247:central nervous system
101:Anatomical terminology
4179:Cell surface receptor
4054:transmembrane protein
3078:Archives of Neurology
2699:Biological Psychiatry
1356:Acta Neuropathologica
1307:Physiological Reviews
846:Further information:
808:tumor necrosis factor
732:Demyelinating disease
730:Further information:
721:Clinical significance
631:electrical resistance
608:
479:
471:Hartford, Connecticut
461:
339:Further information:
4379:Pulmonary surfactant
4335:Myelin basic protein
4229:Membrane-spanning 4A
4079:Caveolae/Coated pits
3894:Meissner's corpuscle
3859:Postsynaptic density
3756:Efferent nerve fiber
3744:IV or C or slow pain
3686:Afferent nerve fiber
3512:Satellite glial cell
1490:library.med.utah.edu
1085:Carroll, SL (2017).
806:via upregulation of
753:neuromyelitis optica
743:diseases, including
623:saltatory conduction
611:saltatory conduction
601:Saltatory conduction
561:myelin basic protein
378:Species distribution
370:regions such as the
192:saltatory conduction
4369:Myelin protein zero
3899:Merkel nerve ending
3118:H & E Histology
3030:Scientific American
2759:2012PNAS..109.3973M
2589:10.1212/wnl.51.1.26
2479:10.1007/400_2009_19
2340:10.1038/nature11314
2332:2012Natur.487..443L
2283:10.1038/nature11007
2275:2012Natur.485..517F
2166:2017CBio...27.1068B
2114:Saladin KS (2012).
2070:Nature Neuroscience
1722:2016CBio...26.R971S
1657:Neuron Glia Biology
1605:Nature Neuroscience
1556:Nature Neuroscience
1201:1999PNAS...96.6060D
1144:1998BpJ....75..595K
1132:Biophysical Journal
1104:10.1093/jnen/nlx013
1060:"The Myelin Sheath"
892:inhibitors such as
757:transverse myelitis
573:myelin protein zero
569:proteolipid protein
522:corticospinal tract
374:, throughout life.
4104:Membrane nanotubes
3989:Structures of the
3934:Photoreceptor cell
3904:Pacinian corpuscle
3835:Electrical synapse
3789:Lower motor neuron
3784:Upper motor neuron
3505:Internodal segment
3445:Connective tissues
3415:Autonomic ganglion
1859:10.1002/glia.22852
1771:10.1007/BF02116709
1753:Virchow R (1854).
1066:. Lippincott-Raven
971:multiple sclerosis
961:The Myelin Project
781:pernicious anaemia
745:multiple sclerosis
679:membrane potential
662:potassium channels
615:
581:galactocerebroside
509:
474:
364:speech acquisition
319:multiple sclerosis
229:Myelin is made by
200:internodal segment
4663:
4662:
4175:membrane proteins
4137:
4136:
4037:Membrane proteins
3956:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3919:Free nerve ending
3886:Sensory receptors
3814:
3813:
3729:Ib or Golgi or Aα
3637:
3636:
3520:
3519:
3397:Ramus communicans
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3202:Commissural fiber
3197:Association fiber
3192:Projection fibers
2960:978-0-387-30171-6
2943:N-Acetylaspartate
2488:978-3-642-03018-5
2129:Raine CS (1999).
1996:. 127–128: 1–22.
1407:(9648): 1502–17.
738:neurodegenerative
619:action potentials
297:, the feeling of
208:neurotransmitters
181:action potentials
115:
114:
110:
16:(Redirected from
4683:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4141:
4119:Nuclear envelope
4114:Nodes of Ranvier
3983:
3976:
3969:
3960:
3849:Synaptic vesicle
3844:Chemical synapse
3823:
3543:
3536:
3347:
3242:
3172:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3129:
3101:
3072:
3062:
3014:
3013:
3003:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2921:
2904:(45): 11743–52.
2889:
2883:
2882:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2829:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2770:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2676:on June 14, 2011
2661:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2508:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2383:(16): 3417–329.
2368:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2326:(7408): 443–48.
2311:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2269:(7399): 517–21.
2253:
2247:
2246:
2236:
2226:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2185:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2102:
2101:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2013:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1960:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1821:
1804:(Pt B): 431–45.
1789:
1783:
1782:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1733:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1652:
1639:
1638:
1628:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1579:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1530:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1379:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1322:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1281:
1263:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1106:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1004:
918:leukodystrophies
894:lithium chloride
646:nodes of Ranvier
311:leukodystrophies
283:sensory function
263:oligodendrocytes
214:, which bind to
185:nodes of Ranvier
159:
154:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
107:edit on Wikidata
57:
42:
30:
21:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4647:
4601:Neurofibromin 2
4584:Other/ungrouped
4579:
4396:
4373:
4321:
4223:
4190:
4168:
4138:
4133:
4067:
4031:
3999:Membrane lipids
3993:
3987:
3957:
3948:
3880:
3810:
3759:
3750:
3734:II or Aβ and Aγ
3689:
3680:
3633:
3623:Apical dendrite
3618:Dendritic spine
3597:
3559:
3529:
3516:
3500:Node of Ranvier
3495:Myelin incisure
3467:
3439:
3328:
3319:Oligodendrocyte
3302:Ependymal cells
3283:
3233:
3161:
3156:
3109:
3104:
3075:
3040:
3023:
3021:Further reading
3018:
3017:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2961:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2753:(10): 3973–78.
2739:
2738:
2734:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2679:
2677:
2664:
2630:Nature Medicine
2626:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2489:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2432:(10): 1133–45.
2419:
2418:
2414:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2154:Current Biology
2147:
2146:
2142:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2032:
2031:
2027:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1716:(20): R971–75.
1710:Current Biology
1705:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1654:
1653:
1642:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1313:(3): 1381–431.
1300:
1299:
1295:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1195:(11): 6060–63.
1182:
1181:
1177:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1021:10.1038/nrn2148
1006:
1005:
998:
993:
956:Myelin incisure
942:
930:phenylketonuria
926:Canavan disease
906:
878:oligodendrocyte
850:
844:
824:
793:Canavan disease
779:. People with
734:
728:
723:
698:structures and
688:phosphorylation
603:
597:
544:in the CNS and
526:corpus callosum
507:
467:Trinity College
456:
424:
385:
380:
372:cerebral cortex
353:. In the CNS,
343:
337:
331:
271:neurolemmocytes
157:
125:
121:
111:
63:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4689:
4687:
4679:
4678:
4676:Neurohistology
4668:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4406:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4383:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4144:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4124:Phycobilisomes
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4084:Cell junctions
4081:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4056:
4047:
4041:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3963:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3944:Taste receptor
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3914:Muscle spindle
3911:
3909:Ruffini ending
3906:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3871:Ribbon synapse
3868:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3691:Sensory neuron
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3666:
3661:
3659:Pseudounipolar
3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3627:Basal dendrite
3620:
3615:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3578:Axon terminals
3575:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3540:
3533:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3477:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3430:Nerve fascicle
3427:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3353:
3351:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3159:Nervous tissue
3157:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3108:
3107:External links
3105:
3103:
3102:
3084:(10): 585–89.
3073:
3038:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3015:
2974:
2959:
2933:
2884:
2857:(1–2): 93–97.
2841:
2792:
2732:
2705:(4): 294–301.
2689:
2687:
2686:
2619:
2610:
2563:
2520:
2487:
2453:
2412:
2363:
2306:
2248:
2197:
2160:(7): 1068–73.
2140:
2121:
2103:
2082:10.1038/nn1426
2060:
2025:
1980:
1951:(3): 299–302.
1931:
1882:
1853:(8): 1376–93.
1833:
1784:
1745:
1690:
1640:
1611:(5): 696–706.
1591:
1542:
1501:
1477:
1434:
1391:
1342:
1293:
1234:
1175:
1138:(2): 595–600.
1118:
1077:
1050:
995:
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
977:
974:drug discovery
964:
958:
953:
948:
941:
938:
914:shiverer mouse
905:
904:Dysmyelination
902:
843:
840:
823:
820:
773:leukodystrophy
727:
724:
722:
719:
692:neurofilaments
654:depolarisation
629:and increases
599:Main article:
596:
593:
534:auditory nerve
506:
505:
500:
495:
490:
487:
481:
455:
452:
423:
420:
400:Rudolf Virchow
384:
381:
379:
376:
351:myelinogenesis
335:Myelinogenesis
333:Main article:
330:
327:
279:motor function
224:secretory cell
113:
112:
103:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
80:
79:
78:Nervous system
76:
70:
69:
65:
64:
58:
50:
49:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4688:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4658:
4657:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4165:
4160:
4158:
4153:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:Myelin sheath
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4022:Sphingolipids
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4012:Phospholipids
4010:
4008:
4007:Lipid bilayer
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3991:cell membrane
3984:
3979:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3805:
3804:γ motorneuron
3802:
3800:
3799:β motorneuron
3797:
3795:
3794:α motorneuron
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3053:(4): 684–86.
3052:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2994:(4): 557–63.
2993:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2690:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2642:10.1038/nm974
2639:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2536:(3): 277–89.
2535:
2531:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2076:(4): 468–75.
2075:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2041:(3): 211–15.
2040:
2036:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1902:(4): 342–67.
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:(4): 562–72.
1764:
1761:(in German).
1760:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1703:"Myelination"
1697:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1663:(2): 153–63.
1662:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1562:(5): 683–95.
1561:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1521:(4): 684–86.
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1450:(5): 508–12.
1449:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1362:(3): 351–82.
1361:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1097:(4): 255–57.
1096:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:(6): 451–65.
1014:
1010:
1003:
1001:
997:
990:
985:
981:
978:
975:
972:
968:
965:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
939:
937:
935:
934:schizophrenia
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
903:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
860:with certain
859:
858:myelin repair
855:
849:
848:Remyelination
842:Myelin repair
841:
839:
837:
831:
828:
827:Demyelination
821:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:immune system
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
739:
733:
726:Demyelination
725:
720:
718:
715:
713:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
683:
680:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
612:
607:
602:
594:
592:
590:
586:
585:sphingomyelin
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:sciatic nerve
527:
523:
519:
515:
504:
501:
499:
498:Myelin sheath
496:
494:
491:
488:
486:
483:
482:
478:
472:
468:
464:
460:
453:
451:
449:
445:
444:Kuruma shrimp
441:
437:
433:
429:
422:Invertebrates
421:
419:
417:
413:
409:
408:Remak bundles
403:
401:
397:
393:
390:
382:
377:
375:
373:
369:
365:
360:
359:differentiate
356:
352:
348:
342:
336:
328:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:Schwann cells
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:axon terminal
201:
195:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
161:
152:
119:
108:
102:
98:
95:
92:
90:
86:
81:
77:
75:
71:
66:
62:
56:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
4653:
4326:
4187:cytoskeleton
4177:(other than
4108:
4017:Lipoproteins
3839:Gap junction
3761:Motor neuron
3555:Axon hillock
3531:nerve fibers
3485:Schwann cell
3480:
3395:
3378:
3356:
3274:Medium spiny
3187:White matter
3175:Tissue Types
3081:
3077:
3050:
3046:
3028:
2991:
2987:
2977:
2942:
2936:
2901:
2897:
2887:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2812:(1): 58–73.
2809:
2806:Acta Naturae
2805:
2795:
2750:
2746:
2735:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2678:. Retrieved
2674:the original
2670:FuturePundit
2669:
2636:(1): 93–97.
2633:
2629:
2622:
2613:
2583:(1): 26–32.
2580:
2576:
2566:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2266:
2262:
2251:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2134:
2124:
2115:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2038:
2034:
2028:
1993:
1983:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1713:
1709:
1660:
1656:
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514:white matter
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425:
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396:gnathostomes
386:
346:
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259:optic nerves
228:
196:
189:
117:
116:
4402:Tetraspanin
3854:Active zone
3819:Termination
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3458:Perineurium
3279:Interneuron
3269:Von Economo
3217:Decussation
3212:Nerve tract
3182:Grey matter
1070:15 December
898:vitamin B12
627:capacitance
589:Cholesterol
546:macrophages
518:optic nerve
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4089:Glycocalyx
3924:Nociceptor
3664:Multipolar
3613:Nissl body
3490:Neurilemma
3453:Epineurium
3238:Cell Types
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1495:2016-08-20
991:References
872:, such as
862:antibodies
836:neuropathy
812:interferon
741:autoimmune
700:organelles
577:glycolipid
538:astrocytes
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412:glial cell
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2680:March 22,
2577:Neurology
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1429:195686659
1329:1522-1210
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1045:205503852
1029:1471-0048
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3603:Dendrite
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3259:Purkinje
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3229:Meninges
3224:Neuropil
3069:29772200
3010:17291371
2969:16802706
2928:17093095
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2020:25802011
1975:18442078
1926:18948166
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1828:27288241
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1421:18970977
1386:28638987
1337:31066630
1288:30050403
1229:10339541
1113:28340093
1037:17514198
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940:See also
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