Little brown bat - Knowledge (XXG)

1940: 1315: 1899: 1768: 1542: 1262:, a state of decreased physiological activity, daily. Torpor saves energy for the bat when ambient temperatures are below 39 °F (4 °C) throughout the year and 32 °F (0 °C) in the winter; instead of expending energy to maintain a constant body temperature, it allows its body to cool and physiological activity to slow. While in torpor, its heart rate drops from up to 210 beats per minute to as few as 8 beats per minute. The exception to this rule is females at the end of pregnancy, which no longer have the ability to thermoregulate, and therefore must roost in warm places. During daily roosting, it can cope with high levels of water loss of up to 25%. 1677: 1387: 1251: 1525:

body weight nightly. Energetic demands during lactation are even higher, though, with females consuming 6.7 g (0.24 oz) of insects nightly, or 1.7 g (0.060 oz) of insects per hour of foraging. Because lactating females have an average mass of 7.9 g (0.28 oz), this means that they consume nearly 85% of their body weight nightly. As the pup grows, lactation requires more and more energy; at the predicted lactation peak of 18 days old, a female would have to consume 9.9 g (0.35 oz) of insects per night, or 125% of her own weight.

1430: 2020: 1533:. For a duration up to 31 minutes, they captured an average of 1.5–5.7 mosquitoes per minute. The individual most efficient at catching fruit flies caught an average of 14.8 per minute for 15 minutes. Extrapolating these numbers results in conclusions that it can eat approximately 340 mosquitoes per hour, or 890 fruit flies. However, there is no assurance that individuals forage with such high efficiencies for long periods of time, or that prey is dense enough in natural settings to allow capture rates observed in enclosed areas. 1358:. Gestation proceeds for 50–60 days following fertilization. The litter size is one individual. At birth, pups weigh approximately 2.2 g (0.078 oz) and have a forearm length less than 17.2 mm (0.68 in). While they have a small absolute mass, they are enormous relative to their mothers, weighing up to 30% of her postpartum body weight at birth. Pups' eyes and ears are closed at first, but open within a few hours of birth. They exhibit rapid growth; at around three weeks old, the young start flying, begin the 74: 1088: 1126: 2060:

effective for other species, there is not evidence to suggest that this is effective for little brown bats, though it has been shown that little brown bats will choose to occupy artificial bat boxes installed at the sites of destroyed buildings that once housed colonies. Others are attempting to help bats out of concern for them due to the effects of white-nose syndrome. Bat houses are also installed in an attempt to control the bats' insect prey such as mosquitoes or taxa that harm crops.

286: 118: 1921:. Until recently, the species was regarded as one of the most common bats in North America. However, a serious threat to the species has emerged in the form of a fungus-caused disease known as white-nose syndrome. It was one of the first bat species documented with the disease, which now affects at least seven hibernating bat species in the United States and Canada. From 2006 to 2011, over one million little brown bats died from the disease in the 1855: 93: 1431: 2044: 1432: 1269:. To conserve energy, it limits how frequently it arouses from torpor, with individuals existing in uninterrupted torpor for up to 90 days. Arousal is the most energetically costly phase of torpor, which is why individuals do so infrequently. Despite the energy-saving mechanism of hibernation, individuals lose a quarter of their pre-hibernation body mass during the winter. 1434: 1402:, with hibernating colonies consisting of up to 183,500 individuals, though the average colony size is little more than 9,000. Historically, individuals within these colonies were highly aggregated and densely clustered together, though the disease white-nose syndrome is making solitary hibernation more common. 1724:

on bats erodes the skin of their wing and tail membranes, muzzles, and ears. White-nose syndrome causes affected bats to burn through their energy reserves twice as fast as uninfected individuals. In addition to visible fungus growth on the nose, ears, and wings, white-nose syndrome results in higher

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Survivors of white-nose syndrome have longer bouts of torpor and lower body temperatures during torpor than individuals that die. Some individuals are more likely to survive based on their genetics, which predisposes them to remain in torpor longer and have larger fat reserves. Little brown bats are

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During the spring and summer, maternity colonies of almost all female individuals form. These colonies usually consist of several hundred bats. Outside of these maternity colonies, adult males and non-reproductive females will roost by themselves or in small aggregations. Maternity colonies begin to

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It is a very long-lived species relative to its body size. In the wild, individuals have been documented living up to 34 years. The average lifespan, however, is around 6.5 years. Males and females have high annual survival rates (probability of surviving another year), though survival rates vary by

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Little brown bats are vulnerable near moving vehicles on roads, either foraging or crossing. Bats can easily be pulled into the slipstreams of faster moving vehicles. When little brown bats cross roads, they approach the road using canopy tree cover and avoid crossing where there is no cover. When

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for their roosts. Landowners will purchase or construct bat houses and install them, hoping to attract bats for various reasons. Some install bat houses in an attempt to negate the effects of removing a colony from a human structure ("rehoming" them into a more acceptable space). While this can be

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In 2010, Frick et al. predicted a 99% chance of local extinction of little brown bats by the year 2026. They also predicted that the pre-white-nose syndrome population of 6.5 million individuals could be reduced to as few as 65,000 (1%) via the disease outbreak. Despite heavy declines, the species

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is transmitted by direct contact. In hibernacula where bats exhibit more solitary behavior, colonies are more prone to avoid infections of white-nose syndrome. In some colonies where grouping behavior was common before exposure to white-nose syndrome, bats now hibernate in a more solitary fashion.

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species, with females larger than males on average. A variety of fur colors is possible, with pelage ranging from pale tan or reddish to dark brown. Its belly fur is a lighter color than its back fur. Its fur is glossy in appearance, though less so on its belly. A variety of pigmentation disorders

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During late pregnancy, when energetic demands are high, females consume around 5.5 g (0.19 oz) of insects nightly, or 1.3 g (0.046 oz) of insects per hour of foraging. With an average body mass of 9.0 g (0.32 oz), that means that pregnant females consume 61% of their

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different throughout most of the range, but in some regions, individuals have been documented that are intermediate in appearance between the two. However, a 1983 study by Herd and Fenton found no morphological, genetic, or ecological evidence to support the notion that the two species hybridize.

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Because they are often found in proximity to humans, the little brown bat and the not-closely related big brown bat are the two bat species most frequently submitted for rabies testing in the United States. Little brown bats infrequently test positive for the rabies virus; of the 586 individuals

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for a total of 38 teeth. Newborns ("pups") are born with 20 milk teeth which becomes 22 when the final upper premolars emerge. Pups begin losing milk teeth once they have reached a body length of 55–60 mm (2.2–2.4 in); total loss of milk teeth and emergence of adult teeth is usually

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up to hundreds of kilometers from their summer ranges to reach these hibernacula. It prefers hibernacula in which the relative humidity is greater than 90% and ambient temperatures are above the freezing point. Preferred hibernacula also maintain a constant temperature throughout the winter.

395:, or promiscuous, and females give birth to one offspring annually. The offspring, called pups, are quickly weaned and reach adult size in some dimensions by three weeks old. The little brown bat has a mean lifespan of 6.5 years, though one individual in the wild reached 34 years old. It is 2028:(1.5 in) × 0.64 cm (0.25 in). Once inside a building, a colony of little brown bats can disturb human inhabitants with their vocalizations and production of guano and urine. Large accumulations of guano can provide a growth medium for fungi, including the species that causes 1528:

An often-mentioned statement is that "bats can eat 1000 mosquitoes per hour." While the little brown bat does consume mosquitoes and has high energetic needs, the study that is the basis for this claim was an experiment in which individuals were put into rooms full of either mosquitoes or

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Little brown bats commonly occupy human structures. Females will situate maternity colonies within buildings. This small body size of this species can make it challenging to prevent individuals from entering a structure, as they can take advantage of gaps or holes as small as 3.8 cm

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occurs May through August each year. Throughout the spring and summer, males and females roost separately. In the fall, however, individuals of both sexes will congregate in the same roost in a behavior known as "swarming". Like several other bat species, males of this species exhibit

1293:(the flight membrane between its hind legs). While it does have a calcar, that of the little brown bat is not nearly as pronounced. Additionally, the little brown bat can be distinguished by the presence of hairs on its toes and feet that extend beyond the length of the digits. The 1457:

It produces calls that are high intensity frequency modulated (FM) and that last from less than one millisecond (ms) to about 5 ms and have a sweep rate of 80–40 kHz, with most of their energy at 45 kHz. Individuals emit approximately 20 calls per second when in flight.

1642:. When parasitizing a female bat, bat mites synchronize their reproductive cycle with that of their host, with their own reproduction tied to the host's pregnancy hormones. Lactating females have a higher intensity of parasitization by mites, which may promote 4103:

Meteyer, Carol Uphoff; Valent, Mick; Kashmer, Jackie; Buckles, Elizabeth L.; Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Blehert, David S.; Lollar, Amanda; Berndt, Douglas; Wheeler, Emily; White, C. Leann; Ballmann, Anne E. (2011). "Recovery of Little Brown Bats

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The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization / by the Baron Cuvier; the Crustacea, Arachnides and Insecta, by P.A. Latreille; translated from the French, with notes and additions, by H. M'Murtrie; in four volumes, with

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The little brown bat is a small species, with individuals weighing 5.5–12.5 g (0.19–0.44 oz) with a total body length of 8.0–9.5 cm (3.1–3.7 in). Individuals have the lowest weight in the spring as they emerge from

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from torpor becomes more frequent, and water loss increases due increased respiration rate in an attempt to remove excess carbon dioxide from the blood. The premature loss of fat reserves during hibernation results in

1187:, or cartilaginous flaps that project in front of the ear openings, are 7.0–9.0 mm (0.28–0.35 in) long. The tragi are blunt at the tips and considered of medium length for a mouse-eared bat. 1953:

has avoided extinction in the Northeast through the persistence of small, localized populations. While the mortality rate of the disease is very high, some individuals that are exposed do survive.

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Cuvier, Georges; Baird, Spencer Fullerton; Goode, G. Brown; Latreille, P. A.; Laurillard, Charles Léopold; Mason, Otis Tufton; McElfresh, Henry; McMurtrie, Henry; Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe (1831).

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Birhane, Meseret G.; Cleaton, Julie M.; Monroe, Ben P.; Wadhwa, Ashutosh; Orciari, Lillian A.; Yager, Pamela; Blanton, Jesse; Velasco-Villa, Andres; Petersen, Brett W.; Wallace, Ryan M. (2017).

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Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Meteyer, Carol U.; Behr, Melissa J.; Boyles, Justin G.; Cryan, Paul M.; Hicks, Alan C.; Ballmann, Anne E.; Coleman, Jeremy T.H.; Redell, David N.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (2011).

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Lilley, Thomas Mikael; Johnson, Joseph Samuel; Ruokolainen, Lasse; Rogers, Elisabeth Jeannine; Wilson, Cali Ann; Schell, Spencer Mead; Field, Kenneth Alan; Reeder, Deeann Marie (2016).

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predators of the little brown bat, picking individuals off the cave walls of their hibernacula (caves used for hibernation) or eating individuals that have fallen to the cave floor.

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transmission. Little brown bats rarely test positive for rabies, however. Some people attempt to attract little brown bats to their property, but not their houses, by installing

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Zhao, Huabin; Xu, Dong; Zhou, Yingying; Flanders, Jon; Zhang, Shuyi (2009). "Evolution of opsin genes reveals a functional role of vision in the echolocating little brown bat (

4719:) and determination that immediate listing under the Endangered Species Act is scientifically and legally warranted. Status Review prepared for US Fish and Wildlife Service 3589:

Wray, Amy K.; Jusino, Michelle A.; Banik, Mark T.; Palmer, Jonathan M.; Kaarakka, Heather; White, J Paul; Lindner, Daniel L.; Gratton, Claudio; Peery, M Zachariah (2018).

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The little brown bat forages along the edges of vegetated habitat. It also forages along the edges of bodies of water or streams. In one study in the Canadian province of

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and Reichard published a report arguing that the precipitous decline of the little brown bat justified its emergency listing as a federally endangered species under the

6550: 1925:, with winter hibernacula populations declining up to 99%. As of 2017, hibernacula counts for little brown bats in the Northeast had declined by an average of 90%. 1720:. Mortality from white-nose syndrome begins to manifest 120 days after hibernation begins, and mortality peaks 180 days after bats enter hibernacula. The growth of 1314: 6641: 1939: 3992:

Trimarchi, C. V.; Debbie, J. G. (1977). "Naturally Occurring Rabies Virus and Neutralizing Antibody in Two Species of Insectivorous Bats of New York State".

6672: 6805: 1653:—specifically, the strain associated with this species is known as MlV1. However, it is susceptible to other strains of the virus, including those of the 1767: 6775: 1928:

White-nose syndrome first appeared in New York in 2006; it has steadily diffused from eastern New York, though, until recently, remaining east of the

3283:"Sociality, density-dependence and microclimates determine the persistence of populations suffering from a novel fungal disease, white-nose syndrome" 6734: 6524: 6747: 6563: 1038:), but both are now recognized as full species. In a 2018 study by Morales and Carstens, they concluded that the five subspecies are independent, 4827: 4757: 1042:

lineages, meaning that grouping them together excludes other lineages with the same common ancestor, and therefore each warrant specific status.

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Crampton, Lisa H.; Barclay, Robert M. R. (1998). "Selection of Roosting and Foraging Habitat by Bats in Different-Aged Aspen Mixedwood Stands".

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Kurta, Allen; Bell, Gary P.; Nagy, Kenneth A.; Kunz, Thomas H. (1989). "Energetics of Pregnancy and Lactation in Freeranging Little Brown Bats (

1898: 1541: 1446:, it flies at approximately 5.5 km/h (3.4 mph); this increased to 8.9 km/h (5.5 mph) when flying over the surface of water. 1183:

appears nearly circular though somewhat flattened when viewed from the back. Its ears are 11.0–15.5 mm (0.43–0.61 in) long, while the

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process, and are of a similar size to adults in forearm length but not weight. The young are totally weaned by 26 days old. Females may become

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Herd, Robert M.; Fenton, M. Brock (1983). "An electrophoretic, morphological, and ecological investigation of a putative hybrid zone between

2517: 1330:, with mating taking place in the fall before the annual hibernation. As a seasonal breeder, males do not produce sperm year-round; instead, 2052:

submitted for testing across the United States in 2015, the most recent data available as of 2018, 16 (2.7%) tested positive for the virus.

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prey at night and roosting in hollow trees or buildings during the day, among less common roost types. It navigates and locates prey with

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The little brown bat roosts in sheltered places during the day. These roosts can include human structures or natural structures such as

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Before white-nose syndrome, only 1.16% of little brown bats hibernated singly; after white-nose syndrome, the percentage grew to 44.5%.

1704:. The disease affects individuals when they are hibernating, which is when their body temperatures are within the ideal growth range of 4907: 4464:

Olson, Cory R.; Barclay, Robert M.R. (2013). "Concurrent changes in group size and roost use by reproductive female little brown bats (

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Humans frequently encounter the little brown bat due to its habit of roosting in buildings. Colonies in buildings are often considered

430:. White-nose syndrome has been a significant cause of mortality since 2006, killing over one million little brown bats by 2011. In the 6795: 6790: 5431: 5228: 3662: 2374: 4658:

Frick, W. F.; Pollock, J. F.; Hicks, A. C.; Langwig, K. E.; Reynolds, D. S.; Turner, G. G.; Butchkoski, C. M.; Kunz, T. H. (2010).

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Jung, Thomas S.; Lausen, Cori L.; Talerico, Jennifer M.; Slough, Brian G. (2011). "Opportunistic Predation of a Little Brown Bat (

1211:' wings reflect UV light. It is unclear if or how seeing red light is advantageous for this species. It is adapted to see best in 6589: 1294: 377: 97: 3795:

Coggins, James R.; Tedesco, John L.; Rupprecht, Charles E. (1982). "Seasonal changes and overwintering of parasites in the bat,

1964:. However, it is not federally listed as threatened or endangered as of 2018, though several U.S. states list it as endangered ( 1676: 4879: 372:. It has a small body size and glossy brown fur. It is similar in appearance to several other mouse-eared bats, including the 6607: 5958: 2784:(Report). Madison, Wisconsin: Bureau of Natural Heritage Conservation, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. PUB-ER-705. 1961: 1858: 1336: 1100:. It has a forearm length of 36–40 mm (1.4–1.6 in) and a wingspan of 22.2–26.9 cm (8.7–10.6 in). It is a 6752: 6568: 5131:

Brittingham, Margaret C.; Williams, Lisa M. (2000). "Bat boxes as alternative roosts for displaced bat maternity colonies".

1936:, representing a 1,300 mi (2,100 km) jump from the previous westernmost extent of the disease in any bat species. 5037: 4659: 3627: 3323:

Burnett, C. D.; August, P. V. (1981). "Time and energy budgets for dayroosting in a maternity colony of Myotis lucifugus".

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were present and functional. Its ability to see ultraviolet light may be useful in capturing insects, as 80% of nocturnal

1179:, which can be used to distinguish it from the Arizona myotis. Its skull length is 14–16 mm (0.55–0.63 in). The 4385:

Randall, Lea A.; Jung, Thomas S.; Barclay, Robert MR (2014). "Roost-Site Selection and Movements of Little Brown Myotis (

2420: 1422:, foraging for 1.5–3 hours before stopping to roost. A second foraging bout usually occurs later in the night, ending at 4962: 4277:

Verant, Michelle L.; Meteyer, Carol U.; Speakman, John R.; Cryan, Paul M.; Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Blehert, David S. (2014).

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in February 2012 after an emergency assessment. The emergency designation as endangered was confirmed in November 2013.

1944: 1700: 1680: 1301:), another similar species, can be distinguished by its much longer ears, and tragi that are long and sharply pointed. 38: 6602: 6475: 6400: 5888: 2392:"Abbreviated guide to pronunciation and etymology of scientific names for North American land mammals north of Mexico" 6168: 5600: 4852: 3678:

Griffin, Donald R.; Webster, Frederic A.; Michael, Charles R. (1960). "The echolocation of flying insects by bats".

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Langwig, Kate E.; Frick, Winifred F.; Bried, Jason T.; Hicks, Alan C.; Kunz, Thomas H.; Marm Kilpatrick, A. (2012).

2499: 1386: 6222: 5940: 5255: 1922: 1605: 431: 6646: 3764:) During an Outbreak of White-Nose Syndrome in New Brunswick, Canada: Implications for Estimates of Bat Mortality" 6800: 5924: 5636: 3192:

Brunet-Rossinni, Anja K. (2004). "Reduced free-radical production and extreme longevity in the little brown bat (

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Thomas, Donald W.; Fenton, M. Brock; Barclay, Robert M. R. (1979). "Social Behavior of the Little Brown Bat,

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State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources (2015).

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size is variable; in one study of 22 females in Canada, pregnant females had an average home range of 30.1

1250: 953:, but this has been disputed because the initial record lacked detail on where the specimen was collected. 6780: 6428: 6231: 5772: 5501: 5492: 3687: 1629: 1587: 572: 435: 2040:

are generally unfounded, as parasites that feed on bats are often specific to bats and die without them.

6680: 6480: 6351: 5983: 5248: 4736: 3027:"Genetic connectivity among swarming sites in the wide ranging and recently declining little brown bat ( 1918: 1811: 1643: 1638: 1564: 1290: 1062: 212: 6466: 4779: 4545:"Going, going, gone: The impact of white-nose syndrome on the summer activity of the little brown bat ( 384:, to which it is closely related. Despite its name, the little brown bat is not closely related to the 2541:

Piaggio, Antoinette J.; Valdez, Ernest W.; Bogan, Michael A.; Spicer, Greg S. (2002). "Systematics of

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most affected by white-nose syndrome when they exhibit social, grouping behavior when hibernating, as

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Neilson, A.; Fenton, M. (1994). "Responses of Little Brown Myotis to Exclusion and to Bat Houses".

1903: 1870: 1831: 1795: 1692: 1666: 1560: 1239: 1023: 880: 515: 427: 404: 82: 6620: 1826:, wood piles, rocky outcrops, or, occasionally, caves. Species of trees used for roosting include 1418:, resting during the day and foraging at night. Individuals typically emerge from their roosts at 1326:

mating structure, meaning that individual bats of both sexes mate with multiple partners. It is a

1242:, suggesting that reliance on echolocation decreases the need for orientation via sight or smell. 6333: 6293: 6141: 5968: 5510: 5158: 5140: 5086: 5018: 4695: 4446: 4406: 4279:"White-nose syndrome initiates a cascade of physiologic disturbances in the hibernating bat host" 4259: 4137: 4017: 3859: 3816: 3736: 3566: 3475: 3399: 3340: 3260: 3221: 3174: 3130: 3007: 2968: 2816: 2707: 2664: 2611: 2603: 2562: 2474: 2342: 2208: 2200: 1910: 1231: 318: 112: 6342: 6213: 6159: 5822: 5806: 5797: 5618: 5483: 5422: 4800: 4714: 4660:"An Emerging Disease Causes Regional Population Collapse of a Common North American Bat Species" 4495:

Miller-Butterworth, C. M.; Vonhof, M. J.; Rosenstern, J.; Turner, G. G.; Russell, A. L. (2014).

3591:"Incidence and taxonomic richness of mosquitoes in the diets of little brown and big brown bats" 2865: 1125: 1087: 73: 6685: 6555: 6721: 6135: 6125: 6107: 6055: 6028: 5848: 5816: 5696: 5686: 5670: 5627: 5582: 5546: 5537: 5449: 5398: 5224: 5184:

Long, Rachael Freeman; Simpson, Tiffanie; Ding, Tzung-Su; Heydon, Steve; Reil, Wilbur (1998).

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of the little brown bat is most common in the spring and fall and least common in the summer.

1223: 1200: 1101: 969: 950: 738: 2402: 6241: 5906: 5897: 5863: 5745: 5736: 5718: 5680: 5652: 5646: 5334: 5308: 5197: 5068: 4679: 4612: 4568: 4560: 4512: 4477: 4438: 4398: 4357: 4349: 4300: 4290: 4243: 4187: 4177: 4121: 4075: 4065: 4001: 3964: 3956: 3908: 3898: 3851: 3808: 3775: 3728: 3697: 3602: 3548: 3513: 3465: 3430: 3383: 3332: 3297: 3252: 3205: 3166: 3122: 3091: 3050: 3042: 2999: 2950: 2908: 2847: 2808: 2742: 2699: 2646: 2593: 2554: 2507: 2466: 2332: 2322: 2288: 2254: 2192: 2107: 1568: 1399: 1374:

had a male survival rate of 81.6% and a female survival rate of 70.8%; a colony in southern

1327: 1066: 1046: 957: 589: 179: 6581: 6654: 6186: 5934: 5727: 5528: 5467: 5404: 5370: 5343: 5314: 2428: 1929: 1917:, a dramatic change from 2008 when it was designated as the lowest conservation priority, 1363: 1331: 1285:) in appearance. The two can be differentiated by the little brown bat's lack of a keeled 1216: 1212: 1138: 705: 442: 362: 189: 6177: 5992: 5519: 3417:

Aldridge, H. D. J. N. (1988). "Flight kinematics and energetics in the little brown bat,

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Kunz, T. H.; Anthony, E. L. P. (1982). "Age Estimation and Post-Natal Growth in the Bat

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are the most common of these parasites, with the more common of these species including

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Stadelmann, B; Lin, L.K; Kunz, T.H; Ruedi, M (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of New World

2029: 1854: 1726: 1634: 1176: 988: 977: 910: 629: 381: 4601:"Observed Resiliency of Little Brown Myotis to Long-Term White-Nose Syndrome Exposure" 2089: 1318:

Recently born little brown myotis in maternity colony within Yellowstone National Park

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McAlpine, Donald F.; Vanderwolf, Karen J.; Forbes, Graham J.; Malloch, David (2011).

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Clare, E. L.; Barber, B. R.; Sweeney, B. W.; Hebert, P. D. N.; Fenton, M. B. (2011).

3497: 3301: 3079: 2615: 2503: 2495: 2212: 2098: 1977: 1973: 1827: 1783: 1772: 1654: 1624: 1482: 1355: 1351: 779: 762: 646: 532: 385: 369: 102: 5090: 4908:"Rules and Regulation for in Need of Management, Threatened, and Endangered Species" 4699: 4450: 4410: 4141: 4021: 3939:

Davis, A. D.; Jarvis, J. A.; Pouliott, C. E.; Morgan, S. M. D.; Rudd, R. J. (2013).

3863: 3740: 3628:"Can bats really eat 1000 mosquitoes per hour? A closer look at pest control claims" 3479: 3403: 3239:

Keen, R.; Hitchcock, H. B. (1980). "Survival and Longevity of the Little Brown Bat (

3225: 3178: 3011: 2972: 2566: 2545:(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) Inferred from Sequences of Two Mitochondrial Genes". 2346: 6726: 6712: 6064: 6046: 5564: 5361: 4263: 3570: 3421:(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with reference to the influence of ground effect". 3170: 2668: 2245:(Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes". 1981: 1839: 1734: 1650: 1415: 1184: 984: 411: 396: 392: 3842:(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) during fall migration at Hayes Cave, Nova Scotia". 2778: 2225: 1665:

after exposure, though. In one study, no little brown bats developed rabies after

937: 4070: 2364: 6633: 6615: 6594: 6537: 6460: 6384: 6360: 6317: 6274: 5240: 4162:"White-nose syndrome survivors do not exhibit frequent arousals associated with 3450:"Foraging Distances and Home Range of Pregnant and Lactating Little Brown Bats ( 2281: 2258: 1965: 1957: 1823: 1576: 1506: 1443: 1391: 1323: 1278: 1266: 1097: 1050: 973: 889: 373: 17: 4353: 4125: 4005: 3855: 1806:. Historically, the largest known aggregations of this species occurred in the 6283: 6204: 5073: 5056: 4295: 4182: 4040:

Vonhof, Maarten J.; Russell, Amy L.; Miller-Butterworth, Cassandra M. (2015).

3209: 3095: 2912: 2033: 1803: 1747: 1610: 1547: 1530: 1502: 1498: 1490: 1447: 1366:

in the first year of life. Males become sexually mature in their second year.

1196: 1134: 999: 931: 355: 6451: 3780: 3755: 3607: 3590: 3364:: Effects of reproductive status, prey density, and environmental conditions" 1454:(74 acres) and lactating females had an average of 17.6 hectares (43 acres). 6511: 4683: 4632: 4617: 4600: 4517: 4496: 2651: 2630: 2527: 2292: 1993: 1738: 1594: 1591: 1514: 1486: 1462: 1227: 1180: 1142: 1039: 906: 129: 5082: 4995:(Report). Ottawa: Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 4935: 4691: 4582: 4564: 4526: 4371: 4314: 4255: 4201: 4133: 4089: 4013: 3978: 3922: 3562: 3395: 3309: 3217: 3064: 2660: 2266: 1932:. In March 2016, white-nose syndrome was detected on a little brown bat in 1378:

had survival rates of 77.1% and 85.7% for males and females, respectively.

4481: 3903: 2964: 1203:

and red light, based on a genetic analysis that discovered that the genes

1162: 1159: 1151: 1148: 6706: 6659: 6445: 5763: 5609: 5290: 5272: 5202: 5185: 4216: 3960: 3448:

Henry, Mickaël; Thomas, Donald W.; Vaudry, Réal; Carrier, Michel (2002).

2834:

Fenton, M. Brock (1970). "The deciduous dentition and its replacement in

2327: 2310: 2056: 1997: 1989: 1791: 1730: 1670: 1583: 1510: 1114: 1106: 1058: 961: 942: 450: 365: 149: 6490: 4247: 1846:, females prefer roosts that are 23.3–34.4 °C (73.9–93.9 °F). 6739: 6529: 5144: 5022: 4961:

Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Wildlife (July 2018).

3820: 3533:"Eating local: Influences of habitat on the diet of little brown bats ( 3387: 3360:"Night roosting and the nocturnal time budget of the little brown bat, 3344: 3264: 3134: 3003: 2955: 2930: 2876:. Montana Natural Heritage Program and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks 2820: 2711: 2607: 2478: 2337: 2204: 2037: 1985: 1883: 1835: 1799: 1742: 1572: 1555:

The little brown bat likely has few predators. Known predators include

1478: 1451: 1375: 1371: 1359: 1110: 419: 358: 3046: 2043: 941:" (meaning "to shun"), literally translating to "light-shunning". The 6542: 5325: 5296: 5284: 1866: 1787: 1717: 1713: 1696: 1662: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1340: 1286: 1259: 446: 423: 400: 159: 139: 6422: 4402: 4046:) Populations: Estimating the Risk of Spread of White-Nose Syndrome" 3834:

Poissant, J. A.; Broders, H. G. (2008). "Ectoparasite prevalence in

3812: 3732: 3517: 3359: 3336: 3256: 3126: 2851: 2812: 2746: 2703: 2682:

Parkinson, Aida (1979). "Morphologic Variation and Hybridization in

2598: 2581: 2470: 2311:"Molecular Phylogenetics of the Chiropteran Family Vespertilionidae" 2196: 2180: 6516: 4501:) Corresponds with Spread of White-Nose Syndrome among Hibernacula" 1265:

In the winter time, it enters a prolonged state of torpor known as

5220:

Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World

4737:"Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species" 2369:(illustrated ed.). University of Missouri Press. p. 69. 2042: 2018: 1969: 1938: 1897: 1853: 1807: 1766: 1675: 1540: 1518: 1428: 1385: 1313: 1249: 1204: 1172: 1168:

complete by the time a juvenile is 80 mm (3.1 in) long.

1137:

mammal, meaning that it has two sets of teeth during its lifetime—

1124: 1086: 980: 926: 2509:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

960:(vesper bats), the little brown bat is a member of the subfamily 438:(caves used for hibernation) averaging a population loss of 90%. 4981:

COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Little Brown Myotis

4330:"Decimated little brown bats show potential for adaptive change" 2795:

Buchanan, G. Dale (1985). "Comments on Frequency of Melanism in

2007:

The little brown bat was listed as an endangered species by the

2001: 1914: 1614: 1494: 1423: 1419: 1208: 6503: 6426: 5244: 3719:) by a Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) in Southern Yukon". 3025:

Burns, Lynne E.; Frasier, Timothy R.; Broders, Hugh G. (2014).

1669:

exposure to the MlV1 strain. Some individuals in the wild have

5302: 1556: 415: 169: 4543:

Dzal, Y.; McGuire, L. P.; Veselka, N.; Fenton, M. B. (2011).

2512:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 510. 2390:

Stangl, F. B.; Christiansen, P. G.; Galbraith, E. J. (1993).

1513:, with one study documenting that, across twelve colonies in 1045:

Results of one study suggested that the little brown bat can

5165:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior 2449:

Davis, Wayne H.; Rippy, Charles L. (1968). "Distribution of

2363:

Schwartz, Charles Walsh; Schwartz, Elizabeth Reeder (2001).

3471:

10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0767:FDAHRO>2.0.CO;2

2635:"Subspecies" are Five Nonsister Species, Despite Gene Flow" 2559:

10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0386:SOMOCV>2.0.CO;2

1890:

than would be expected based on its relative availability.

4828:"3 varieties of bats added to Pa. endangered species list" 2287:. Vol. 1. G. & C. & H. Carvill. p. 431. 1156:

for a total of 22 teeth, while that of the adult teeth is

921:" (meaning ear), literally translating to "mouse-eared". " 2009:

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada

1691:

The little brown bat is also susceptible to the disease

5042:

The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage

3941:"Susceptibility and Pathogenesis of Little Brown Bats ( 3498:"Echolocation and feeding behaviour in four species of 42: 5061:

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

5057:"Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2015" 2309:

Hoofer, Steven R.; Bussche, Ronald A. Van Den (2003).

422:. Other sources of mortality include diseases such as 4789:. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife. 3358:

Anthony, E. L. P.; Stack, M. H.; Kunz, T. H. (1981).

2228:, Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Ontario 445:

because of the production of waste or the concern of

2399:

Occasional Papers, the Museum, Texas Tech University

1909:

As of 2021, the little brown bat is evaluated as an

1886:, its foraging activity was significantly higher in 1258:

In fall through spring, the little brown bat enters

964:, which contains only the mouse-eared bats of genus 6696: 6435: 6382: 5323: 4778:Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. 4599:Dobony, Christopher A.; Johnson, Joshua B. (2018). 897:, before it was re-categorized as belonging to the 410:It has few natural predators, but may be killed by 4878:Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. 4042:"Range-Wide Genetic Analysis of Little Brown Bat ( 2777:Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (2013). 434:, population loss has been extreme, with surveyed 5036:Greenhall, Arthur M.; Frantz, Stephen C. (1994). 2924: 2922: 2236: 2234: 2032:. Concerns about humans becoming affected by bat 1786:. In the north, its range extends as far west as 1238:. Instead, it has a more sophisticated system of 293:Distribution of all little brown bat subspecies: 5217:Christian C. Voigt, Tigga Kingston, ed. (2015). 4424: 4422: 4420: 3945:) to Heterologous and Homologous Rabies Viruses" 3276: 3274: 2629:Morales, Ariadna E.; Carstens, Bryan C. (2018). 2179:Fenton, M. Brock; Barclay, Robert M. R. (1980). 1865:The little brown bat hibernates in caves or old 1842:. It prefers roosts that are warm and dark. For 1442:Based on documenting one individual flying in a 1105:have been documented in this species, including 883:as a new species in 1831 by American naturalist 5004: 5002: 3879:"Ectoparasite Community Structure of Two Bats ( 2358: 2356: 2113:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T14176A208031565.en 1646:—the transfer of mites to the bat's offspring. 5186:"Bats feed on crop pests in Sacramento Valley" 4594: 4592: 4328:Auteri, Giorgia G.; Knowles, Lacey L. (2020). 4155: 4153: 4151: 4035: 4033: 4031: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2055:Little brown bats are a species that will use 1782:The little brown bat lives throughout much of 1339:, with male bats mating indiscriminately with 1277:The little brown bat can be confused with the 5256: 3934: 3932: 3148: 3146: 3144: 2304: 2302: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 8: 4538: 4536: 3653:Tuttle, M. D.; Kiser, M.; Kiser, S. (2005). 3584: 3582: 3580: 3491: 3489: 2064:the cover is lower, bats cross roads lower. 4880:"Special Status Faunal Species in Virginia" 3877:Czenze, Zenon J.; Broders, Hugh G. (2011). 2779:Wisconsin Little Brown Bat Species Guidance 1609:. The little brown bat is also affected by 418:, as well as terrestrial predators such as 26: 6423: 5263: 5249: 5241: 4801:"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife of NH" 4715:Status review of the little brown myotis ( 3799:(Le Conte), in a Wisconsin hibernaculum". 2939:in the context of vision and echolocation" 2580:Jones, Clyde; Manning, Richard W. (1989). 1254:Little brown bat during winter hibernation 284: 91: 72: 63: 5201: 5072: 4616: 4572: 4516: 4497:"Genetic Structure of Little Brown Bats ( 4361: 4304: 4294: 4191: 4181: 4079: 4069: 3968: 3912: 3902: 3779: 3691: 3634:. Advance Local Media LLC. 30 August 2016 3622: 3620: 3618: 3606: 3552: 3469: 3084:Hystrix: The Italian Journal of Mammalogy 3054: 2954: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2650: 2597: 2336: 2326: 2111: 1948:growing on the wing of a little brown bat 1712:is the first known pathogen that kills a 1370:sex and region. One colony documented in 1175:and a gently sloped forehead. It lacks a 4807:. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department 3657:. University of Texas Press. p. 4. 3496:Fenton, M. Brock; Bell, Gary P. (1979). 1649:The little brown bat is affected by the 1521:(feces) samples contained mosquito DNA. 1199:and its eyesight is likely sensitive to 1002:of the little brown bat are recognized: 59:Species of mammal found in North America 32:This is an accepted version of this page 5104:Tuttle, Merlin; Hensley, Donna (1993). 4633:"White-nose Syndrome: A Deadly Disease" 4605:Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 2073: 1775:that is the site of a little brown bat 1551:bat mite, which specialize on bat wings 1354:does not occur until the spring due to 28: 4857:Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department 2490: 2488: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 388:, which belongs to a different genus. 4217:"Experimental infection of bats with 2247:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1996:, Wisconsin), or of Special Concern ( 1794:. In the south, its range extends to 325: 7: 5106:"Bat Houses: The Secrets of Success" 4826:Thomas, Mary Ann (30 January 2019). 3198:Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 2457:in the Southeastern United States". 1613:(external parasites), including bat 1438:Little brown bat take off and flight 1343:, roosting bats, regardless of sex. 1091:Illustration of the little brown bat 4940:Michigan Natural Features Inventory 3080:"Same-sex sexual behaviour in bats" 2992:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2901:Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2099:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1687:on the muzzle of a little brown bat 1390:A mixed colony of little brown and 1030:) were also considered subspecies ( 1022:. Formerly, the Arizona myotis and 754: 730: 678: 671: 621: 614: 564: 557: 507: 500: 492: 472: 465: 6806:Taxa named by John Eatton Le Conte 4767:. State of Maine. 13 January 2016. 3435:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1988.tb02447.x 3196:) versus two non-flying mammals". 1234:, it has small eyes and a reduced 949:near the Le Conte Plantation near 57: 5432:Sir David Attenborough's myotis ( 5163:White-Nose Syndrome Response Team 2838:(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)". 2733:(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)". 1798:and across the northern parts of 6776:IUCN Red List endangered species 5959:Dark-nosed small-footed myotis ( 5112:. Bat Conservation International 4713:Kunz, TH; Reichard, JD. (2010). 4639:. Bat Conservation International 4443:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97209.x 3891:Journal of Parasitology Research 3655:The bat house builder's handbook 3554:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05040.x 3302:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01829.x 1708:, 1–15 °C (34–59 °F). 1517:, 71.9% of all little brown bat 887:. It was initially in the genus 116: 6002:Wall-roosting mouse-eared bat ( 3887:) from the Maritimes of Canada" 1289:—the cartilaginous spur on its 1113:(partial lack of pigment), and 945:had possibly been collected in 4108:) from Natural Infection with 3171:10.1086/physzool.62.3.30157928 2425:An Elementary Latin Dictionary 1859:Kenai National Wildlife Refuge 968:. Based on a 2007 study using 1: 6401:Taiwan broad-muzzled myotis ( 5889:Eastern small-footed myotis ( 3768:The Canadian Field-Naturalist 2929:Bhatnagar, Kunwar P. (1975). 1790:and across much of Canada to 1729:levels in the blood, causing 1222:The little brown bat lacks a 6248:Mandelli's mouse-eared bat ( 5941:Pallid large-footed myotis ( 4164:Pseudogymnoascus destructans 4114:Journal of Wildlife Diseases 4071:10.1371/journal.pone.0128713 3994:Journal of Wildlife Diseases 3702:10.1016/0003-3472(60)90022-1 3243:) in Southeastern Ontario". 2684:Myotis yumanensis sociabilis 2366:The Wild Mammals of Missouri 2047:A bat house in New Hampshire 1710:Pseudogymnoascus destructans 1701:Pseudogymnoascus destructans 1681:Scanning electron microscope 1406:break apart in late summer. 1129:Face of the little brown bat 5925:Eastern long-fingered bat ( 4942:. Michigan State University 4805:New Hampshire Fish and Game 4470:Canadian Journal of Zoology 4221:causes white-nose syndrome" 3801:American Midland Naturalist 3506:Canadian Journal of Zoology 2840:Canadian Journal of Zoology 2735:Canadian Journal of Zoology 2259:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.019 1962:U.S. Endangered Species Act 1322:The little brown bat has a 1310:Reproduction and life cycle 261:Myotis lucifugus alascensis 6822: 6169:Rickett's big-footed bat ( 5755:Malagasy mouse-eared bat ( 5601:Csorba's mouse-eared bat ( 5574:Western small-footed bat ( 4389:) in Southwestern Yukon". 4354:10.1038/s41598-020-59797-4 4126:10.7589/0090-3558-47.3.618 4006:10.7589/0090-3558-13.4.366 3856:10.1656/1092-6194-15.4.515 2688:Myotis lucifugus carissima 1923:Northeastern United States 1606:Plagiorchis vespertilionis 1398:The little brown bat is a 1171:It has a relatively short 869:Relationships of Nearctic 432:Northeastern United States 268:Myotis lucifugus carissima 254:Myotis lucifugus lucifugus 6796:Mammals described in 1831 6791:Bats of the United States 6257:Himalayan whiskered bat ( 6232:Northern long-eared bat ( 6223:Scott's mouse-eared bat ( 6117:Beijing mouse-eared bat ( 6090:Singapore whiskered bat ( 6011:Greater mouse-eared bat ( 5789:Lesser large-footed bat ( 5279: 5133:Wildlife Society Bulletin 5074:10.2460/javma.250.10.1117 5011:Wildlife Society Bulletin 4936:"Michigan's Rare Animals" 4296:10.1186/s12899-014-0010-4 4183:10.1186/s12983-016-0143-3 3210:10.1016/j.mad.2003.09.003 3096:10.4404/Hystrix-22.1-4478 2913:10.1016/j.bse.2009.03.001 2036:such as ticks, fleas, or 1695:, which is caused by the 1461:It consumes a variety of 1109:(total lack of pigment), 983:of mouse-eared bats. Its 935:" (meaning "light") and " 879:The little brown bat was 776: 759: 752: 735: 728: 702: 683: 676: 669: 643: 626: 619: 612: 586: 569: 562: 555: 529: 512: 505: 498: 490: 477: 470: 324: 317: 292: 283: 275:Myotis lucifugus relictus 242: 237: 218: 211: 113:Scientific classification 111: 89: 80: 71: 66: 5773:Armenian whiskered bat ( 5637:Kock's mouse-eared bat ( 5502:Rufous mouse-eared bat ( 5493:Lesser mouse-eared bat ( 4112:, White-Nose Syndrome". 3781:10.22621/cfn.v125i3.1231 2419:Lewis, Charlton (1890). 2401:(154): 7. Archived from 1414:The little brown bat is 1230:bat species such as the 1195:The little brown bat is 1083:External characteristics 39:latest accepted revision 6352:Yanbaru whiskered bat ( 5984:Burmese whiskered bat ( 4684:10.1126/science.1188594 4618:10.3996/102017-JFWM-080 4391:Northwestern Naturalist 3844:Northeastern Naturalist 3721:Northwestern Naturalist 2990:: I. Mating Behavior". 2866:"Little Brown Myotis – 2293:10.5962/bhl.title.41463 1934:King County, Washington 1683:image (false-color) of 1473:. Prey species include 1295:northern long-eared bat 956:Within its family, the 917:(meaning "mouse") and " 909:construction, from the 378:northern long-eared bat 247:Myotis lucifugus pernox 6196:Thick-thumbed myotis ( 5873:Chinese water myotis ( 5353:Silver-tipped myotis ( 5190:California Agriculture 4987:Myotis septentrionalis 4565:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0859 3756:"Consumption of Bats ( 3608:10.1093/jmammal/gyy044 2506:; Reeder, D.M (eds.). 2106:: e.T14176A208031565. 2048: 2024: 2015:Relationship to people 1949: 1906: 1902:Little brown bat with 1862: 1779: 1688: 1673:for the rabies virus. 1630:Leptotrombidium myotis 1588:gastrointestinal tract 1552: 1439: 1395: 1319: 1255: 1130: 1092: 1078:Anatomy and physiology 1069:. The two species are 1065:, as well as southern 1059:occur in the same area 6698:Vespertilio lucifugus 6681:Paleobiology Database 5855:Hairy-legged myotis ( 5459:Southeastern myotis ( 5441:Southwestern myotis ( 5271:Species of subfamily 4963:Ohio's Listed Species 4780:"Little Brown Myotis 4518:10.1093/jhered/esu012 4482:10.1139/cjz-2012-0267 3159:Physiological Zoology 3078:Riccucci, M. (2010). 3035:Ecology and Evolution 2652:10.1093/sysbio/syy010 2584:Myotis austroriparius 2455:Myotis austroriparius 2315:Acta Chiropterologica 2046: 2023:Bat guano in an attic 2022: 1942: 1901: 1857: 1812:Eastern United States 1770: 1679: 1644:vertical transmission 1639:Spinturnix americanus 1565:northern saw-whet owl 1544: 1537:Predation and disease 1437: 1389: 1317: 1253: 1145:of the milk teeth is 1141:and adult teeth. The 1128: 1117:(over-pigmentation). 1090: 1063:Western United States 976:DNA, it is part of a 895:Vespertilio lucifugus 893:, with a binomial of 391:Its mating system is 328:Vespertilio lucifugus 6334:Long-legged myotis ( 6142:Flat-headed myotis ( 6056:Nimba mountain bat ( 5511:Far Eastern myotis ( 5203:10.3733/ca.v052n01p8 4991:Perimyotis subflavus 4989:and Tri-colored Bat 4431:Conservation Biology 4219:Geomyces destructans 4170:Frontiers in Zoology 4110:Geomyces destructans 3961:10.1128/JVI.03554-12 3595:Journal of Mammalogy 3458:Journal of Mammalogy 3325:Journal of Mammalogy 3245:Journal of Mammalogy 3115:Journal of Mammalogy 2933:Artibeus jamaicensis 2874:Montana Field Guides 2801:Journal of Mammalogy 2692:Journal of Mammalogy 2547:Journal of Mammalogy 2459:Journal of Mammalogy 2328:10.3161/001.005.s101 2088:Solari, S. (2021) . 1620:Myodopsylla insignis 1350:occurs in the fall, 1337:homosexual behaviors 1236:olfactory epithelium 1213:low-light conditions 1036:M. l. austroriparius 885:John Eatton Le Conte 6126:Eastern water bat ( 6108:Peninsular myotis ( 5950:Schwartz's myotis ( 5687:Long-eared myotis ( 5583:Guatemalan myotis ( 5547:Long-fingered bat ( 5538:California myotis ( 5450:Australian myotis ( 4676:2010Sci...329..679F 4505:Journal of Heredity 4346:2020NatSR..10.3023A 4248:10.1038/nature10590 4240:2011Natur.480..376L 4062:2015PLoSO..1028713V 3949:Journal of Virology 3904:10.1155/2011/341535 3760:spp.) by Raccoons ( 3380:1981Oecol..51..151A 2226:Little Brown Myotis 1904:white-nose syndrome 1850:Hibernation habitat 1796:Southern California 1693:white-nose syndrome 1561:eastern screech owl 1509:. It also consumes 1465:species, including 1305:Biology and ecology 1024:southeastern myotis 496:Nearctic spp. 428:white-nose syndrome 399:, foraging for its 346:little brown myotis 83:Conservation status 29:Page version status 6234:M. septentrionalis 5916:Little brown bat ( 5907:Kashmir cave bat ( 5898:Yellowish myotis ( 5746:Gomantong myotis ( 5737:Fraternal myotis ( 5703:Findley's myotis ( 5653:Dominican myotis ( 5335:Large-footed bat ( 5159:"How You Can Help" 4985:, Northern Myotis 4859:. State of Vermont 4853:"Little brown bat" 4762:(Little Brown Bat" 4334:Scientific Reports 3885:M. septentrionalis 3840:M. septentrionalis 3423:Journal of Zoology 3388:10.1007/BF00540593 3004:10.1007/BF00292559 2956:10.1007/BF01938504 2639:Systematic Biology 2500:"Order Chiroptera" 2049: 2025: 1950: 1911:endangered species 1907: 1863: 1844:maternity colonies 1780: 1689: 1553: 1440: 1396: 1320: 1299:M. septentrionalis 1256: 1232:Jamaican fruit bat 1131: 1102:sexually dimorphic 1093: 1057:. The two species 573:M. septentrionalis 35: 6763: 6762: 6429:Taxon identifiers 6420: 6419: 6343:Welwitsch's bat ( 6214:Schaub's myotis ( 6187:Riparian myotis ( 6160:Felten's myotis ( 5952:M. martiniquensis 5823:Ikonnikov's bat ( 5807:Horsfield's bat ( 5798:Herman's myotis ( 5748:M. gomantongensis 5728:Cinnamon myotis ( 5619:Daubenton's bat ( 5529:Bocharic myotis ( 5484:Bechstein's bat ( 5468:Chestnut myotis ( 5461:M. austroriparius 5423:Peters's myotis ( 5405:Hairy-faced bat ( 5371:Szechwan myotis ( 5362:Myotis alcathoe ( 5344:Southern myotis ( 5067:(10): 1117–1130. 4670:(5992): 679–682. 3955:(16): 9008–9015. 3541:Molecular Ecology 3047:10.1002/ece3.1266 3041:(21): 4130–4149. 2731:Myotis yumanensis 2590:Mammalian Species 2519:978-0-8018-8221-0 2408:on 1 August 2019. 2189:Mammalian Species 1888:old-growth forest 1763:Range and habitat 1659:silver-haired bat 1600:Ototrema schildti 1586:parasites in the 1435: 1410:Diet and foraging 1224:vomeronasal organ 1028:M. austroriparius 998:As of 2005, five 877: 876: 863: 862: 854: 853: 845: 844: 836: 835: 827: 826: 818: 817: 809: 808: 800: 799: 791: 790: 717: 716: 658: 657: 601: 600: 544: 543: 338: 337: 332: 204:M. lucifugus 106: 67:Little brown bat 16:(Redirected from 6813: 6801:Mouse-eared bats 6756: 6755: 6743: 6742: 6730: 6729: 6717: 6716: 6715: 6689: 6688: 6676: 6675: 6673:little-brown-bat 6663: 6662: 6650: 6649: 6637: 6636: 6634:NHMSYS0000528029 6624: 6623: 6611: 6610: 6598: 6597: 6585: 6584: 6572: 6571: 6559: 6558: 6546: 6545: 6533: 6532: 6520: 6519: 6507: 6506: 6494: 6493: 6484: 6483: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6467:Myotis lucifugus 6456: 6455: 6454: 6437:Myotis lucifugus 6424: 6309:Cape hairy bat ( 6300:Fringed myotis ( 6266:Velvety myotis ( 6151:Frosted myotis ( 6099:Montane myotis ( 6081:Arizona myotis ( 6038:Curacao myotis ( 6029:Natterer's bat ( 5927:M. macrodactylus 5839:Insular myotis ( 5833:M. indochinensis 5671:Geoffroy's bat ( 5662:Elegant myotis ( 5628:David's myotis ( 5594:Myotis crypticus 5592:Cryptic myotis ( 5556:Chilean myotis ( 5434:M. attenboroughi 5414:Atacama myotis ( 5389:Annamit myotis ( 5380:Anjouan myotis ( 5309:Vespertilionidae 5265: 5258: 5251: 5242: 5235: 5234: 5214: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5155: 5149: 5148: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5076: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5006: 4997: 4996: 4983:Myotis lucifugus 4979:COSEWIC (2013). 4976: 4970: 4969: 4968:(Report). R0718. 4967: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4912: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4884: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4782:Myotis lucifugus 4775: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4760:Myotis lucifugus 4754: 4748: 4747: 4741: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4717:Myotis lucifugus 4710: 4704: 4703: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4596: 4587: 4586: 4576: 4547:Myotis lucifugus 4540: 4531: 4530: 4520: 4499:Myotis lucifugus 4492: 4486: 4485: 4466:Myotis lucifugus 4461: 4455: 4454: 4437:(6): 1347–1358. 4426: 4415: 4414: 4387:Myotis lucifugus 4382: 4376: 4375: 4365: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4308: 4298: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4225: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4195: 4185: 4157: 4146: 4145: 4106:Myotis lucifugus 4100: 4094: 4093: 4083: 4073: 4044:Myotis lucifugus 4037: 4026: 4025: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3972: 3943:Myotis lucifugus 3936: 3927: 3926: 3916: 3906: 3881:Myotis lucifugus 3874: 3868: 3867: 3836:Myotis lucifugus 3831: 3825: 3824: 3797:Myotis lucifugus 3792: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3717:Myotis lucifugus 3712: 3706: 3705: 3695: 3686:(3–4): 141–154. 3680:Animal Behaviour 3675: 3669: 3668: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3624: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3586: 3575: 3574: 3556: 3547:(8): 1772–1780. 3535:Myotis lucifugus 3528: 3522: 3521: 3512:(6): 1271–1277. 3493: 3484: 3483: 3473: 3452:Myotis lucifugus 3445: 3439: 3438: 3419:Myotis lucifugus 3414: 3408: 3407: 3362:Myotis lucifugus 3355: 3349: 3348: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3296:(9): 1050–1057. 3287: 3278: 3269: 3268: 3241:Myotis lucifugus 3236: 3230: 3229: 3194:Myotis lucifugus 3189: 3183: 3182: 3155:Myotis lucifugus 3150: 3139: 3138: 3111:Myotis lucifugus 3106: 3100: 3099: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3058: 3029:Myotis lucifugus 3022: 3016: 3015: 2988:Myotis lucifugus 2983: 2977: 2976: 2958: 2937:Myotis lucifugus 2926: 2917: 2916: 2897:Myotis lucifugus 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2868:Myotis lucifugus 2862: 2856: 2855: 2836:Myotis lucifugus 2831: 2825: 2824: 2797:Myotis lucifugus 2792: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2774: 2751: 2750: 2741:(9): 2029–2050. 2727:Myotis lucifugus 2722: 2716: 2715: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2654: 2633:Myotis lucifugus 2626: 2620: 2619: 2601: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2492: 2483: 2482: 2451:Myotis lucifugus 2446: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2396: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2360: 2351: 2350: 2340: 2330: 2306: 2297: 2296: 2277: 2271: 2270: 2238: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2183:Myotis lucifugus 2176: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2115: 2092:Myotis lucifugus 2085: 1878:Foraging habitat 1818:Roosting habitat 1777:maternity colony 1737:(elevated blood 1716:host during its 1582:The presence of 1569:great horned owl 1545:An example of a 1436: 1400:colonial species 1328:seasonal breeder 1166: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1067:British Columbia 1008:M. l. alascensis 958:Vespertilionidae 755: 731: 679: 672: 622: 615: 565: 558: 508: 501: 493: 473: 466: 461: 460: 351:Myotis lucifugus 342:little brown bat 330: 303:M. l. alascensis 288: 224: 222:Myotis lucifugus 180:Vespertilionidae 121: 120: 100: 95: 94: 76: 64: 21: 18:Myotis lucifugus 6821: 6820: 6816: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6811: 6810: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6759: 6751: 6746: 6738: 6733: 6725: 6720: 6711: 6710: 6705: 6692: 6684: 6679: 6671: 6666: 6658: 6655:Observation.org 6653: 6645: 6640: 6632: 6627: 6619: 6614: 6606: 6601: 6593: 6588: 6580: 6575: 6567: 6562: 6554: 6549: 6541: 6536: 6528: 6523: 6515: 6510: 6502: 6497: 6489: 6487: 6479: 6474: 6465: 6464: 6459: 6450: 6449: 6444: 6431: 6421: 6416: 6378: 6372:Myotis zenatius 6370:Zenati myotis ( 6259:M. siligorensis 6110:M. peninsularis 6020:Whiskered bat ( 5975:Maluku myotis ( 5961:M. melanorhinus 5864:Keen's myotis ( 5775:M. hajastanicus 5719:Hodgson's bat ( 5655:M. dominicensis 5540:M. californicus 5382:M. anjouanensis 5319: 5275: 5269: 5239: 5238: 5231: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5157: 5156: 5152: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5115: 5113: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5008: 5007: 5000: 4978: 4977: 4973: 4965: 4960: 4959: 4955: 4945: 4943: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4919: 4917: 4910: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4882: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4862: 4860: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4836: 4834: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4810: 4808: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4786: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4764: 4756: 4755: 4751: 4744:Connecticut.gov 4739: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4721: 4712: 4711: 4707: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4598: 4597: 4590: 4553:Biology Letters 4542: 4541: 4534: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4428: 4427: 4418: 4403:10.1898/13-02.1 4384: 4383: 4379: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4234:(7377): 376–8. 4223: 4214: 4213: 4209: 4159: 4158: 4149: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4056:(7): e0128713. 4039: 4038: 4029: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3938: 3937: 3930: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3833: 3832: 3828: 3813:10.2307/2425381 3794: 3793: 3789: 3753: 3752: 3748: 3733:10.1898/10-06.1 3714: 3713: 3709: 3693:10.1.1.588.6881 3677: 3676: 3672: 3665: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3637: 3635: 3626: 3625: 3616: 3588: 3587: 3578: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3518:10.1139/z79-163 3495: 3494: 3487: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3337:10.2307/1380597 3322: 3321: 3317: 3290:Ecology Letters 3285: 3280: 3279: 3272: 3257:10.2307/1379951 3238: 3237: 3233: 3191: 3190: 3186: 3152: 3151: 3142: 3127:10.2307/1380667 3108: 3107: 3103: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3024: 3023: 3019: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2852:10.1139/z70-143 2833: 2832: 2828: 2813:10.2307/1380979 2794: 2793: 2789: 2781: 2776: 2775: 2754: 2747:10.1139/z83-268 2724: 2723: 2719: 2704:10.2307/1380090 2681: 2680: 2676: 2631:"Evidence that 2628: 2627: 2623: 2599:10.2307/3504306 2579: 2578: 2574: 2543:Myotis occultus 2540: 2539: 2535: 2520: 2494: 2493: 2486: 2471:10.2307/1377733 2448: 2447: 2443: 2433: 2431: 2429:Perseus Project 2418: 2417: 2413: 2405: 2394: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2377: 2362: 2361: 2354: 2308: 2307: 2300: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2240: 2239: 2232: 2224: 2220: 2197:10.2307/3503792 2178: 2177: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2087: 2086: 2075: 2070: 2017: 1992:), threatened ( 1930:Rocky Mountains 1896: 1880: 1852: 1820: 1810:regions of the 1765: 1539: 1429: 1412: 1384: 1382:Social behavior 1364:sexually mature 1332:spermatogenesis 1312: 1307: 1275: 1273:Similar species 1248: 1193: 1158: 1157: 1147: 1146: 1123: 1085: 1080: 1071:morphologically 1061:in much of the 1012:M. l. carissima 1004:M. l. lucifugus 864: 855: 846: 837: 828: 819: 810: 801: 792: 718: 691: 659: 602: 545: 516:M. californicus 479:Old World spp. 459: 307:M. l. carissima 295:M. l. lucifugus 233: 226: 220: 207: 115: 107: 96: 92: 85: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6819: 6817: 6809: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6786:Bats of Canada 6783: 6778: 6768: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6744: 6731: 6718: 6702: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6677: 6664: 6651: 6638: 6625: 6612: 6599: 6586: 6573: 6560: 6547: 6534: 6521: 6508: 6495: 6485: 6472: 6457: 6441: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6414: 6411:S. moupinensis 6407: 6403:S. latirostris 6398: 6395:S. caliginosus 6390: 6388: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6367: 6358: 6354:M. yanbarensis 6349: 6345:M. welwitschii 6340: 6331: 6324: 6315: 6306: 6297: 6294:M. taiwanensis 6290: 6281: 6272: 6263: 6254: 6245: 6238: 6229: 6220: 6211: 6202: 6193: 6184: 6178:Ridley's bat ( 6175: 6166: 6157: 6148: 6139: 6132: 6123: 6114: 6105: 6096: 6087: 6078: 6071: 6065:Nepal myotis ( 6062: 6053: 6047:Black myotis ( 6044: 6035: 6026: 6017: 6008: 5999: 5993:Morris's bat ( 5990: 5981: 5972: 5969:M. midastactus 5965: 5956: 5947: 5943:M. macrotarsus 5938: 5931: 5922: 5913: 5904: 5895: 5886: 5879: 5870: 5861: 5852: 5845: 5836: 5829: 5820: 5813: 5809:M. horsfieldii 5804: 5795: 5786: 5779: 5770: 5761: 5752: 5743: 5734: 5725: 5716: 5709: 5700: 5693: 5684: 5677: 5673:M. emarginatus 5668: 5659: 5650: 5643: 5634: 5625: 5621:M. daubentonii 5616: 5607: 5598: 5589: 5580: 5576:M. ciliolabrum 5571: 5565:Large myotis ( 5562: 5553: 5544: 5535: 5531:M. bucharensis 5526: 5520:Brandt's bat ( 5517: 5508: 5499: 5490: 5486:M. bechsteinii 5481: 5474: 5465: 5456: 5447: 5438: 5429: 5420: 5416:M. atacamensis 5411: 5402: 5395: 5391:M. annamiticus 5386: 5377: 5368: 5359: 5350: 5341: 5331: 5329: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5293: 5287: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5260: 5253: 5245: 5237: 5236: 5229: 5209: 5176: 5150: 5139:(1): 197–207. 5123: 5096: 5047: 5028: 4998: 4971: 4953: 4927: 4899: 4870: 4844: 4818: 4792: 4770: 4749: 4727: 4705: 4650: 4624: 4588: 4559:(3): 392–394. 4532: 4511:(3): 354–364. 4487: 4476:(3): 149–155. 4456: 4416: 4397:(3): 312–317. 4377: 4320: 4283:BMC Physiology 4269: 4207: 4147: 4120:(3): 618–626. 4095: 4027: 4000:(4): 366–369. 3984: 3928: 3869: 3850:(4): 515–522. 3826: 3807:(2): 305–315. 3787: 3746: 3707: 3670: 3663: 3645: 3614: 3601:(3): 668–674. 3576: 3523: 3485: 3464:(3): 767–774. 3440: 3429:(3): 507–517. 3409: 3374:(2): 151–156. 3350: 3331:(4): 758–766. 3315: 3270: 3231: 3184: 3165:(3): 804–818. 3140: 3101: 3070: 3017: 2998:(2): 129–136. 2978: 2931:"Olfaction in 2918: 2907:(3): 154–161. 2887: 2857: 2846:(4): 817–820. 2826: 2787: 2752: 2717: 2698:(3): 489–504. 2674: 2645:(5): 756–769. 2621: 2572: 2553:(2): 386–395. 2533: 2518: 2484: 2465:(1): 113–117. 2441: 2411: 2382: 2375: 2352: 2298: 2272: 2230: 2218: 2126: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2030:histoplasmosis 2016: 2013: 1945:P. destructans 1895: 1892: 1879: 1876: 1851: 1848: 1819: 1816: 1764: 1761: 1756:P. destructans 1727:carbon dioxide 1722:P. destructans 1706:P. destructans 1685:P. destructans 1538: 1535: 1411: 1408: 1383: 1380: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1274: 1271: 1247: 1244: 1226:. Relative to 1205:SWS1 and M/LWS 1192: 1189: 1177:sagittal crest 1143:dental formula 1122: 1121:Head and teeth 1119: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1032:M. l. occultus 1020:M. l. relictus 989:Arizona myotis 875: 874: 866: 865: 861: 860: 857: 856: 852: 851: 848: 847: 843: 842: 839: 838: 834: 833: 830: 829: 825: 824: 821: 820: 816: 815: 812: 811: 807: 806: 803: 802: 798: 797: 794: 793: 789: 788: 785: 784: 775: 772: 771: 768: 767: 758: 753: 751: 748: 747: 744: 743: 734: 729: 727: 724: 723: 720: 719: 715: 714: 711: 710: 701: 698: 697: 694: 693: 685: 682: 677: 675: 670: 668: 665: 664: 661: 660: 656: 655: 652: 651: 642: 639: 638: 635: 634: 625: 620: 618: 613: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 599: 598: 595: 594: 585: 582: 581: 578: 577: 568: 563: 561: 556: 554: 551: 550: 547: 546: 542: 541: 538: 537: 528: 525: 524: 521: 520: 511: 506: 504: 499: 497: 491: 489: 486: 485: 482: 481: 476: 471: 469: 464: 458: 455: 393:polygynandrous 382:Arizona myotis 336: 335: 334: 333: 331:Le Conte, 1831 322: 321: 315: 314: 311:M. l. relictus 290: 289: 281: 280: 279: 278: 271: 264: 257: 250: 240: 239: 235: 234: 227: 216: 215: 209: 208: 201: 199: 195: 194: 187: 183: 182: 177: 173: 172: 167: 163: 162: 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 109: 108: 90: 87: 86: 81: 78: 77: 69: 68: 58: 56: 47:29 August 2024 36: 30: 27: 25: 24: 23: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6818: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6781:Animal models 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6754: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6723: 6719: 6714: 6708: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6687: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6604: 6600: 6596: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6482: 6477: 6473: 6468: 6462: 6458: 6453: 6447: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6425: 6413: 6412: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6399: 6397: 6396: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6381: 6375: 6373: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6363:M. yumanensis 6361:Yuma myotis ( 6359: 6357: 6355: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6332: 6330: 6329: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6318:Cave myotis ( 6316: 6314: 6312: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6302:M. thysanodes 6298: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6275:Indiana bat ( 6273: 6271: 6269: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6246: 6244: 6243: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6136:M. phanluongi 6133: 6131: 6129: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6115: 6113: 6111: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6067:M. nipalensis 6063: 6061: 6059: 6058:M. nimbaensis 6054: 6052: 6050: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6022:M. mystacinus 6018: 6016: 6014: 6009: 6007: 6005: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5986:M. montivagus 5982: 5980: 5978: 5977:M. moluccarum 5973: 5971: 5970: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5939: 5937: 5936: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5887: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5853: 5851: 5850: 5849:M. izecksohni 5846: 5844: 5842: 5837: 5835: 5834: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5825:M. ikonnikovi 5821: 5819: 5818: 5817:M. hyrcanicus 5814: 5812: 5810: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5766:M. grisescens 5762: 5760: 5758: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5701: 5699: 5698: 5697:M. fimbriatus 5694: 5692: 5690: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5669: 5667: 5665: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5585:M. cobanensis 5581: 5579: 5577: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5558:M. chiloensis 5554: 5552: 5550: 5549:M. capaccinii 5545: 5543: 5541: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5399:M. annatessae 5396: 5394: 5392: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5322: 5316: 5312: 5310: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5278: 5274: 5266: 5261: 5259: 5254: 5252: 5247: 5246: 5243: 5232: 5230:9783319252209 5226: 5222: 5221: 5213: 5210: 5204: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5180: 5177: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5151: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5127: 5124: 5111: 5107: 5100: 5097: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5051: 5048: 5043: 5039: 5032: 5029: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5005: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4975: 4972: 4964: 4957: 4954: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4928: 4916: 4915:Tennessee.gov 4909: 4903: 4900: 4888: 4881: 4874: 4871: 4858: 4854: 4848: 4845: 4833: 4829: 4822: 4819: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4785: 4783: 4774: 4771: 4763: 4761: 4753: 4750: 4745: 4738: 4731: 4728: 4720: 4718: 4709: 4706: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4654: 4651: 4638: 4634: 4628: 4625: 4619: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4548: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4500: 4491: 4488: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4460: 4457: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4381: 4378: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4324: 4321: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4273: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4220: 4211: 4208: 4203: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4165: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4099: 4096: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4045: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3988: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3944: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3873: 3870: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3830: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3788: 3782: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3763: 3762:Procyon lotor 3759: 3750: 3747: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3711: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3674: 3671: 3666: 3664:9780974237916 3660: 3656: 3649: 3646: 3633: 3629: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3536: 3527: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3502:(Chiroptera)" 3501: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3453: 3444: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3413: 3410: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3363: 3354: 3351: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3319: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3284: 3277: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3188: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3105: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3074: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3030: 3021: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2982: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2888: 2875: 2871: 2869: 2861: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2830: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2791: 2788: 2780: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2721: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2678: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2634: 2625: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2585: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2515: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2496:Simmons, N.B. 2491: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2445: 2442: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2415: 2412: 2404: 2400: 2393: 2386: 2383: 2378: 2376:9780826213594 2372: 2368: 2367: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2285: 2276: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2219: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2184: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2058: 2053: 2045: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2034:ectoparasites 2031: 2021: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1978:New Hampshire 1975: 1974:Massachusetts 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1919:least concern 1916: 1912: 1905: 1900: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1868: 1860: 1856: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1832:balsam poplar 1829: 1828:quaking aspen 1825: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1784:North America 1778: 1774: 1773:Massachusetts 1769: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1751: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1655:big brown bat 1652: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1611:ectoparasites 1608: 1607: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1577:opportunistic 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1550: 1549: 1543: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1526: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1393: 1388: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1356:sperm storage 1353: 1352:fertilization 1349: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1316: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1252: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1190: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1127: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1089: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1055:M. yumanensis 1052: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 996: 994: 990: 986: 982: 979: 975: 971: 970:mitochondrial 967: 963: 959: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 939: 934: 933: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 891: 886: 882: 872: 868: 867: 859: 858: 850: 849: 841: 840: 832: 831: 823: 822: 814: 813: 805: 804: 796: 795: 787: 786: 783: 782: 781: 774: 773: 770: 769: 766: 765: 764: 757: 756: 750: 749: 746: 745: 742: 741: 740: 739:M. thysanodes 733: 732: 726: 725: 722: 721: 713: 712: 709: 708: 707: 700: 699: 696: 695: 692: 690: 689: 681: 680: 674: 673: 667: 666: 663: 662: 654: 653: 650: 649: 648: 641: 640: 637: 636: 633: 632: 631: 624: 623: 617: 616: 610: 609: 606: 605: 597: 596: 593: 592: 591: 584: 583: 580: 579: 576: 575: 574: 567: 566: 560: 559: 553: 552: 549: 548: 540: 539: 536: 535: 534: 527: 526: 523: 522: 519: 518: 517: 510: 509: 503: 502: 495: 494: 488: 487: 484: 483: 480: 475: 474: 468: 467: 463: 462: 456: 454: 452: 448: 444: 439: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 389: 387: 386:big brown bat 383: 379: 375: 371: 370:North America 367: 364: 360: 357: 353: 352: 347: 343: 329: 326: 323: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 291: 287: 282: 277: 276: 272: 270: 269: 265: 263: 262: 258: 256: 255: 251: 249: 248: 244: 243: 241: 236: 231: 225: 223: 217: 214: 213:Binomial name 210: 206: 205: 200: 197: 196: 193: 192: 188: 185: 184: 181: 178: 175: 174: 171: 168: 165: 164: 161: 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 144: 141: 138: 135: 134: 131: 128: 125: 124: 119: 114: 110: 104: 99: 88: 84: 79: 75: 70: 65: 62: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 6697: 6436: 6409: 6402: 6393: 6383: 6371: 6362: 6353: 6344: 6335: 6326: 6319: 6310: 6301: 6292: 6285: 6284:Kei myotis ( 6276: 6267: 6258: 6249: 6242:M. sibiricus 6240: 6233: 6224: 6215: 6206: 6205:Red myotis ( 6197: 6188: 6179: 6170: 6161: 6153:M. pruinosus 6152: 6144:M. planiceps 6143: 6134: 6127: 6119:M. pequinius 6118: 6109: 6100: 6091: 6082: 6073: 6066: 6057: 6049:M. nigricans 6048: 6040:M. nesopolus 6039: 6031:M. nattereri 6030: 6021: 6012: 6003: 5994: 5985: 5976: 5967: 5960: 5951: 5942: 5933: 5926: 5918:M. lucifugus 5917: 5915: 5908: 5899: 5890: 5881: 5874: 5865: 5856: 5847: 5841:M. insularum 5840: 5831: 5824: 5815: 5808: 5799: 5791:M. hasseltii 5790: 5781: 5774: 5765: 5756: 5747: 5738: 5730:M. fortidens 5729: 5720: 5711: 5704: 5695: 5688: 5681:M. escalerai 5679: 5672: 5663: 5654: 5647:M. diminutus 5645: 5638: 5629: 5620: 5612:M. dasycneme 5611: 5602: 5593: 5584: 5575: 5567:M. chinensis 5566: 5557: 5548: 5539: 5530: 5521: 5512: 5503: 5494: 5485: 5476: 5469: 5460: 5452:M. australis 5451: 5443:M. auriculus 5442: 5433: 5424: 5415: 5407:M. annectans 5406: 5397: 5390: 5381: 5372: 5363: 5355:M. albescens 5354: 5345: 5336: 5324: 5223:. Springer. 5219: 5212: 5193: 5189: 5179: 5167:. Retrieved 5162: 5153: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5114:. Retrieved 5109: 5099: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5041: 5031: 5014: 5010: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4974: 4956: 4944:. Retrieved 4939: 4930: 4918:. Retrieved 4914: 4902: 4890:. Retrieved 4887:Virginia.gov 4886: 4873: 4861:. Retrieved 4856: 4847: 4835:. Retrieved 4831: 4821: 4809:. Retrieved 4804: 4795: 4781: 4773: 4759: 4752: 4743: 4730: 4716: 4708: 4667: 4663: 4653: 4641:. Retrieved 4636: 4627: 4608: 4604: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4508: 4504: 4498: 4490: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4434: 4430: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4380: 4337: 4333: 4323: 4286: 4282: 4272: 4231: 4227: 4218: 4210: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4098: 4053: 4049: 4043: 3997: 3993: 3987: 3952: 3948: 3942: 3894: 3890: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3829: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3771: 3767: 3761: 3757: 3749: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3654: 3648: 3636:. Retrieved 3631: 3598: 3594: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3526: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3461: 3457: 3451: 3443: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3412: 3371: 3367: 3361: 3353: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3293: 3289: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3234: 3204:(1): 11–20. 3201: 3197: 3193: 3187: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3121:(1): 23–32. 3118: 3114: 3110: 3104: 3087: 3083: 3073: 3038: 3034: 3028: 3020: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2981: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2932: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2878:. Retrieved 2873: 2867: 2860: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2829: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2720: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2624: 2592:(332): 1–3. 2589: 2583: 2575: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2536: 2508: 2504:Wilson, D.E. 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2444: 2434:14 September 2432:. Retrieved 2424: 2414: 2403:the original 2398: 2385: 2365: 2318: 2314: 2282: 2275: 2253:(1): 32–48. 2250: 2246: 2242: 2221: 2191:(142): 1–8. 2188: 2182: 2117:. Retrieved 2103: 2097: 2091: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2026: 2006: 1982:Pennsylvania 1955: 1951: 1943: 1927: 1908: 1894:Conservation 1881: 1864: 1824:tree hollows 1821: 1781: 1755: 1752: 1735:hyperkalemia 1721: 1709: 1705: 1699: 1690: 1684: 1667:subcutaneous 1651:rabies virus 1648: 1637: 1628: 1618: 1604: 1598: 1581: 1559:such as the 1554: 1546: 1527: 1523: 1460: 1456: 1441: 1413: 1404: 1397: 1394:bats in Ohio 1368: 1345: 1321: 1298: 1282: 1276: 1264: 1257: 1240:echolocation 1221: 1194: 1170: 1132: 1094: 1054: 1044: 1040:paraphyletic 1035: 1031: 1027: 1019: 1016:M. l. pernox 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 997: 992: 985:sister taxon 965: 955: 936: 930: 922: 918: 914: 902: 898: 894: 888: 878: 870: 778: 777: 761: 760: 737: 736: 704: 703: 688:M. lucifugus 687: 686: 684: 645: 644: 628: 627: 590:M. auriculus 588: 587: 571: 570: 531: 530: 514: 513: 478: 440: 409: 405:echolocation 390: 350: 349: 345: 341: 339: 327: 310: 306: 302: 299:M. l. pernox 298: 294: 273: 266: 259: 252: 245: 221: 219: 203: 202: 190: 61: 46: 37:This is the 31: 6616:NatureServe 6538:iNaturalist 6461:Wikispecies 6385:Submyotodon 6311:M. tricolor 6286:M. stalkeri 6250:M. sicarius 6189:M. riparius 6171:M. ricketti 6083:M. occultus 6004:M. muricola 5935:M. macropus 5909:M. longipes 5783:M. handleyi 5721:M. formosus 5705:M. findleyi 5522:M. brandtii 5513:M. bombinus 5478:M. bartelsi 5373:M. altarium 5364:M. alcathoe 5337:M. adversus 5313:Subfamily: 5017:(1): 8–14. 4611:: 168–179. 4340:(1): 3023. 3638:27 November 2943:Experientia 2421:"lūcĭfŭgus" 2338:11244/44678 2119:17 December 1966:Connecticut 1531:fruit flies 1507:caddisflies 1444:wind tunnel 1324:promiscuous 1291:uropatagium 1279:Indiana bat 1267:hibernation 1228:frugivorous 1215:. It lacks 1201:ultraviolet 1197:dichromatic 1098:hibernation 1051:Yuma myotis 993:M. occultus 890:Vespertilio 706:M. occultus 436:hibernacula 374:Indiana bat 363:mouse-eared 238:Subspecies 6770:Categories 6713:Q109647644 6320:M. velifer 6277:M. sodalis 6216:M. schaubi 6198:M. rosseti 6180:M. ridleyi 6162:M. punicus 6101:M. oxyotus 5995:M. morrisi 5875:M. laniger 5800:M. hermani 5764:Gray bat ( 5757:M. goudoti 5664:M. elegans 5639:M. dieteri 5630:M. davidii 5610:Pond bat ( 5603:M. csorbai 5504:M. bocagii 5495:M. blythii 5346:M. aelleni 5303:Chiroptera 5169:5 November 5116:5 November 5110:batcon.org 4946:4 November 4920:4 November 4892:4 November 4863:4 November 4837:1 February 4811:4 November 4643:4 November 4637:batcon.org 4166:infection" 3774:(3): 257. 3251:(1): 1–7. 2949:(7): 856. 2880:3 November 2807:(1): 178. 2068:References 2057:bat houses 1869:. Females 1804:New Mexico 1771:A barn in 1748:starvation 1671:antibodies 1633:, and the 1595:trematodes 1567:, and the 1548:Spinturnix 1511:mosquitoes 1503:stoneflies 1448:Home range 1348:copulation 1283:M. sodalis 1246:Physiology 1139:milk teeth 1135:diphyodont 1000:subspecies 925:" is from 630:M. sodalis 451:bat houses 356:endangered 309:(yellow), 170:Chiroptera 98:Endangered 6336:M. volans 6328:M. vivesi 6225:M. scotti 6092:M. oreias 6075:M. nyctor 6013:M. myotis 5891:M. leibii 5883:M. lavali 5866:M. keenii 5857:M. keaysi 5739:M. frater 5713:M. flavus 5689:M. evotis 5470:M. badius 5283:Kingdom: 4993:in Canada 4832:TRIB Live 4724:(Report). 3727:: 69–72. 3688:CiteSeerX 3368:Oecologia 2616:253996734 2213:253932645 1994:Tennessee 1956:In 2010, 1739:potassium 1635:bat mites 1592:Digenetic 1575:are also 1515:Wisconsin 1499:lacewings 1487:true bugs 1463:arthropod 1416:nocturnal 1346:Although 1181:braincase 1047:hybridize 923:Lucifugus 907:Neo-Latin 881:described 780:M. keenii 763:M. evotis 647:M. volans 533:M. leibii 397:nocturnal 368:found in 301:(green), 198:Species: 136:Kingdom: 130:Eukaryota 6707:Wikidata 6621:2.100473 6608:13802460 6556:11184425 6446:Wikidata 6268:M. simus 6207:M. ruber 6128:M. petax 5900:M. levis 5315:Myotinae 5307:Family: 5297:Mammalia 5291:Chordata 5289:Phylum: 5285:Animalia 5273:Myotinae 5196:: 8–10. 5091:41121211 5083:28467751 4700:43601856 4692:20689016 4583:21106570 4527:24591103 4451:86447942 4411:85694194 4372:32080246 4315:25487871 4256:22031324 4202:26949407 4142:43256232 4134:21719826 4090:26154307 4050:PLOS ONE 4022:11485247 4014:24228955 3979:23741002 3923:22028951 3864:59152757 3741:86181796 3563:21366747 3480:84447754 3404:22435996 3396:28310074 3310:22747672 3226:11019415 3218:14706233 3179:86895612 3065:25505539 3012:27019675 2973:20671364 2661:29462459 2567:46363786 2528:62265494 2498:(2005). 2347:83806884 2321:: 1–63. 2267:17049280 2038:bat bugs 1998:Michigan 1990:Virginia 1861:, Alaska 1792:Labrador 1731:acidosis 1657:and the 1625:chiggers 1617:such as 1584:helminth 1573:Raccoons 1483:mayflies 1452:hectares 1217:eyeshine 1133:It is a 1115:melanism 1107:albinism 978:Nearctic 962:Myotinae 951:Riceboro 943:holotype 901:genus. " 873:species 457:Taxonomy 420:raccoons 414:such as 366:microbat 354:) is an 319:Synonyms 305:(blue), 230:Le Conte 176:Family: 160:Mammalia 150:Chordata 146:Phylum: 140:Animalia 126:Domain: 103:IUCN 3.1 43:reviewed 6740:8889446 6595:1005432 6530:2432406 6452:Q746127 5425:M. ater 5301:Order: 5295:Class: 5145:4617303 5023:3783215 4672:Bibcode 4664:Science 4574:3097845 4363:7033193 4342:Bibcode 4306:4278231 4264:4381156 4236:Bibcode 4193:4778317 4081:4495924 4058:Bibcode 3970:3754046 3914:3199115 3897:: 1–9. 3821:2425381 3571:3894216 3376:Bibcode 3345:1380597 3265:1379951 3135:1380667 3056:4242565 2965:1140332 2821:1380979 2712:1380090 2669:3418392 2608:3504306 2479:1377733 2205:3503792 1986:Vermont 1913:by the 1884:Alberta 1871:migrate 1808:karstic 1800:Arizona 1743:Arousal 1475:beetles 1471:spiders 1467:insects 1392:Indiana 1376:Indiana 1372:Ontario 1360:weaning 1163:3.1.3.3 1160:2.1.3.3 1152:3.1.2.0 1149:2.1.2.0 1111:leucism 987:is the 974:nuclear 947:Georgia 905:" is a 412:raptors 359:species 313:(gray) 297:(red), 232:, 1831) 186:Genus: 166:Order: 156:Class: 101: ( 6753:947153 6569:179988 6517:MYOTLU 6504:327247 6488:ECOS: 5326:Myotis 5227: 5143: 5089: 5081: 5038:"Bats" 5021: 4698: 4690: 4581: 4571: 4525: 4449: 4409: 4370: 4360: 4313: 4303: 4289:: 10. 4262: 4254: 4228:Nature 4200: 4190: 4176:: 12. 4140: 4132: 4088: 4078: 4020: 4012: 3977: 3967: 3921: 3911: 3862: 3819: 3758:Myotis 3739: 3690: 3661: 3632:AL.com 3569: 3561: 3500:Myotis 3478: 3402: 3394: 3343: 3308: 3263: 3224: 3216: 3177: 3133: 3063: 3053: 3010: 2971: 2963: 2819: 2710: 2667: 2659: 2614: 2606: 2565: 2526: 2516: 2477: 2373: 2345: 2284:plates 2265: 2243:Myotis 2211: 2203: 1838:, and 1788:Alaska 1733:, and 1718:torpor 1714:mammal 1697:fungus 1663:rabies 1505:, and 1341:torpid 1287:calcar 1260:torpor 1191:Senses 1018:, and 966:Myotis 938:fugere 903:Myotis 899:Myotis 871:Myotis 447:rabies 424:rabies 401:insect 380:, and 191:Myotis 6727:7FQRX 6686:48914 6660:85623 6647:59463 6582:14176 6551:IRMNG 6543:40346 6481:34470 5141:JSTOR 5087:S2CID 5019:JSTOR 4966:(PDF) 4911:(PDF) 4883:(PDF) 4787:(PDF) 4765:(PDF) 4740:(PDF) 4722:(PDF) 4696:S2CID 4447:S2CID 4407:S2CID 4260:S2CID 4224:(PDF) 4138:S2CID 4018:S2CID 3860:S2CID 3817:JSTOR 3737:S2CID 3567:S2CID 3476:S2CID 3400:S2CID 3341:JSTOR 3286:(PDF) 3261:JSTOR 3222:S2CID 3175:S2CID 3131:JSTOR 3090:(1). 3008:S2CID 2969:S2CID 2817:JSTOR 2782:(PDF) 2708:JSTOR 2665:S2CID 2612:S2CID 2604:JSTOR 2563:S2CID 2502:. 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