2634:
2094:
1996:
1159:
1582:. Martin and Davis (2001) updated this classification, retaining the six classes but including 849 extant families in 42 orders. Despite outlining the evidence that Maxillopoda was non-monophyletic, they retained it as one of the six classes, although did suggest that Maxillipoda could be replaced by elevating its subclasses to classes. Since then phylogenetic studies have confirmed the polyphyly of Maxillipoda and the paraphyletic nature of Crustacea with respect to Hexapoda. Recent classifications recognise ten to twelve classes in Crustacea or Pancrustacea, with several former maxillopod subclasses now recognised as classes (e.g.
2034:
175:
2202:
830:
2739:
1822:
2137:
191:
1758:
1693:
131:
1145:
205:
1882:
258:
1657:
1035:
235:
1915:
161:
2899:
145:
5705:
1011:. The alimentary canal consists of a straight tube that often has a gizzard-like "gastric mill" for grinding food and a pair of digestive glands that absorb food; this structure goes in a spiral format. Structures that function as kidneys are located near the antennae. A brain exists in the form of ganglia close to the antennae, and a collection of major ganglia is found below the gut.
1419:
1402:
849:
221:
1342:
that gives their eyes the same color as the surrounding water, while tiny holes in the layer allow light to reach the retina. As the larvae mature into adults, the layer migrates to a new position behind the retina where it works as a backscattering mirror that increases the intensity of light
978:, the exception being in the Class Malacostraca where the antennules may be generally biramous or even triramous. It is unclear whether the biramous condition is a derived state which evolved in crustaceans, or whether the second branch of the limb has been lost in all other groups.
5508:
2879:. Over 60% by weight of all crustaceans caught for consumption are shrimp and prawns, and nearly 80% is produced in Asia, with China alone producing nearly half the world's total. Non-decapod crustaceans are not widely consumed, with only 118,000 tons of
4554:
Jerome C. Regier; Jeffrey W. Shultz; Andreas Zwick; April Hussey; Bernard Ball; Regina Wetzer; Joel W. Martin; Clifford W. Cunningham (February 25, 2010). "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences".
4608:
Björn M. von
Reumont; Ronald A. Jenner; Matthew A. Wills; Emiliano Dell'Ampio; Günther Pass; Ingo Ebersberger; Benjamin Meyer; Stefan Koenemann; Thomas M. Iliffe; Alexandros Stamatakis; Oliver Niehuis; Karen Meusemann; Bernhard Misof (March 2012).
2823:
is attributed to crayfishes. The
Permian–Triassic deposits of Nurra preserve the oldest (Permian: Roadian) fluvial burrows ascribed to ghost shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea, Gebiidea) and crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea, Parastacidea), respectively.
4274:
Rhee, J. S.; Kim, B. M.; Choi, B. S.; Lee, J. S. (2012). "Expression pattern analysis of DNA repair-related and DNA damage response genes revealed by 55K oligomicroarray upon UV-B irradiation in the intertidal copepod, Tigriopus japonicus".
4821:
Lozano-Fernandez, Jesus; Giacomelli, Mattia; Fleming, James F.; Chen, Albert; Vinther, Jakob; Thomsen, Philip
Francis; Glenner, Henrik; Palero, Ferran; Legg, David A.; Iliffe, Thomas M.; Pisani, Davide; Olesen, Jørgen (2019).
5536:
1335:, due to their accelerated development, the zoea is the first larval stage. In some cases, the zoea stage is followed by the mysis stage, and in others, by the megalopa stage, depending on the crustacean group involved.
4137:
5478:
1136:, close to 100 species of crustaceans from the Red Sea and the Indo-Pacific realm have established themselves in the eastern Mediterranean sub-basin, with often significant impact on local ecosystems.
5690:
Powers, M., Hill, G., Weaver, R., & Goymann, W. (2020). An experimental test of mate choice for red carotenoid coloration in the marine copepod
Tigriopus californicus. Ethology., 126(3), 344–352.
1562:
The traditional classification of
Crustacea based on morphology recognised four to six classes. Bowman and Abele (1982) recognised 652 extant families and 38 orders, organised into six classes:
4466:
4129:
2625:
According to this diagram, the
Hexapoda are deep in the Crustacea tree, and any of the Hexapoda is distinctly closer to e.g. a Multicrustacean than an Oligostracan is.
6296:
5031:
4411:
4225:
Srivastava, Shikha; Dahal, Sumedha; Naidu, Sharanya J.; Anand, Deepika; Gopalakrishnan, Vidya; Kooloth
Valappil, Rajendran; Raghavan, Sathees C. (24 January 2017).
3720:
5353:
939:(feeding legs). Malacostraca and Remipedia (and the hexapods) have abdominal appendages. All other classes of crustaceans have a limbless abdomen, except from a
6322:
3991:
1442:
5509:"Evolution of Crustaceans at the edge of the end-Permian crisis: ichnonetwork analysis of the fluvial succession of Nurra (Permian-Triassic, Sardinia, Italy)"
6406:
5762:
4665:
3453:
3380:
3242:
3209:
3176:
3140:
3104:
4110:
2947:
4986:
6411:
3360:
3306:"How body patterning might have worked in the evolution of arthropods—A case study of the mystacocarid Derocheilocaris remanei (Crustacea, Oligostraca)"
5604:
2633:
5731:
6270:
6309:
4405:
3885:
Crustaceans and the biodiversity crisis: Proceedings of the Fourth
International Crustacean Congress, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, July 20–24, 1998
1018:, the first (and sometimes the second) pair of pleopods are specialised in the male for sperm transfer. Many terrestrial crustaceans (such as the
1531:
The exact relationships of the
Crustacea to other taxa are not completely settled as of April 2012. Studies based on morphology led to the
1338:
Providing camouflage against predators, the otherwise black eyes in several forms of swimming larvae are covered by a thin layer of crystalline
1026:, lay their eggs on land, albeit in damp conditions. In most decapods, the females retain the eggs until they hatch into free-swimming larvae.
5562:, a new species of clawed lobster (Nephropidae) from the Late Coniacean, shallow-marine Bad Heart Formation of northwestern Alberta, Canada".
3201:
1327:, as opposed to nauplii, which use cephalic appendages, and megalopa, which use abdominal appendages for swimming. It often has spikes on its
1215:
is also widespread among crustaceans, where viable eggs are produced by a female without needing fertilisation by a male. This occurs in many
5681:
5643:
5108:
4960:
4333:
4039:
3896:
3805:
3762:
3592:
3282:
1377:
was analyzed after ultraviolet irradiation. This study revealed increased expression of proteins associated with the DNA repair processes of
1195:
decide which females to mate with by dietary differences, preferring when the females are algae-fed instead of yeast-fed. A small number are
3716:
1373:, is also used to repair such breaks. The expression pattern of DNA repair related and DNA damage response genes in the intertidal copepod
1104:
life – they are attached headfirst to the substrate and cannot move independently. Some branchiurans are able to withstand rapid changes of
5837:
5434:
4317:
5432:(1972). "Two new caridean shrimps, one representing a new family, from marine pools on Ascension Island (Crustacea: Decapoda: Natantia)".
3445:
785:. More than 7.9 million tons of crustaceans per year are harvested by fishery or farming for human consumption, consisting mostly of
3234:
3096:
3508:
3168:
4375:"Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness - Phylum Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848"
3372:
3132:
1311:, all emerging from the young animal's head, and a single naupliar eye. In most groups, there are further larval stages, including the
3482:
1370:
5194:"Palaeo- and archaeostomatopods (Hoplocarida: Crustacea) from the Bear Gulch Limestone, Mississippian (Namurian), of central Montana"
4728:"Phylotranscriptomics to bring the understudied into the fold: monophyletic ostracoda, fossil placement, and pancrustacean phylogeny"
3828:
1277:
and thoracic limbs. Female
Branchiura do not carry eggs in external ovisacs but attach them in rows to rocks and other objects. Most
5635:
5608:
4929:
4325:
3929:
1995:
3584:
1506:. Although most crustaceans are small, their morphology varies greatly and includes both the largest arthropod in the world – the
174:
6371:
3843:
1356:
4170:
5805:
4732:
4615:
4611:"Pancrustacean phylogeny in the light of new phylogenomic data: support for Remipedia as the possible sister group of Hexapoda"
4517:
5127:; Schram, Frederick R.; Hönemann, Mario; Iliffe, Thomas M. (12 April 2007). "Phylogenetic analysis of Remipedia (Crustacea)".
2033:
5736:
4431:
920:
6314:
5166:
5162:
974:, meaning they are divided into two parts; this includes the second pair of antennae, but not the first, which is usually
924:
3672:
Burkenroad, M. D. (1963). "The evolution of the Eucarida (Crustacea, Eumalacostraca), in relation to the fossil record".
6416:
3546:
2968:
5365:
4656:
6182:
5389:"First notice of the family Coleiidae Van Straelen (Crustacea: Decapoda: Eryonoides) from the upper Triassic of Japan"
4871:
Bernot, James P.; Owen, Christopher L.; Wolfe, Joanna M.; Meland, Kenneth; Olesen, Jørgen; Crandall, Keith A. (2023).
3952:
3877:(Grapsidae) in its new habitat along the Atlantic coast of the United States: feeding, cheliped morphology and growth"
2039:
901:
4207:
4001:
1315:(pl. zoeæ or zoeas). This name was given to it when naturalists believed it to be a separate species. It follows the
1245:, while others have developed a number of mechanisms for holding on to the eggs until they are ready to hatch. Most
6249:
5317:
5075:
4952:
3956:
3797:
1698:
1378:
257:
6327:
6262:
4349:
4068:
3996:
2685:. Most of the major groups of crustaceans appear in the fossil record before the end of the Cambrian, namely the
1460:
1289:
carry their eggs in special thin-walled sacs, while others have them attached together in long, tangled strings.
1019:
5577:
2222:
The following cladogram shows the updated relationships between the different extant groups of the paraphyletic
1365:(black tiger shrimp). Repair of DNA double-strand breaks was found to be predominantly carried out by accurate
5830:
5771:
5233:
5198:
4998:
3550:
2136:
1382:
1366:
1270:
5779:
5692:
An experimental test of mate choice for red carotenoid coloration in the marine copepod Tigriopus californicus
4824:"Pancrustacean Evolution Illuminated by Taxon-Rich Genomic-Scale Data Sets with an Expanded Remipede Sampling"
5792:
5673:
5564:
4073:
3274:
2142:
1855:
992:
6122:
5714:
4227:"DNA double-strand break repair in Penaeus monodon is predominantly dependent on homologous recombination"
3014:
2001:
1191:
1128:
818:
438:
6421:
6358:
5361:
4994:
4095:
2932:
2651:
1762:
1411:
1039:
801:
on the planet, and form a vital part of the food chain. The scientific study of crustaceans is known as
190:
5754:
1070:. Marine crustaceans are as ubiquitous in the oceans as insects are on land. Most crustaceans are also
5315:
Hof, Cees H. J. (1998). "Fossil stomatopods (Crustacea: Malacostraca) and their phylogenetic impact".
4401:
2964:"Ecdysozoan Mitogenomics: Evidence for a Common Origin of the Legged Invertebrates, the Panarthropoda"
690:
with a leg span of up to 3.8 m (12.5 ft) and a mass of 20 kg (44 lb). Like other
510:
meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of
130:
6401:
6337:
6218:
6169:
5520:
5326:
5273:
5136:
5040:
4785:
4566:
4146:
3317:
3026:
2732:
2507:
1906:
1743:
1507:
1386:
1339:
687:
4513:"The basic body plan of arthropods: insights from evolutionary morphology and developmental biology"
3478:
2093:
6376:
5823:
3213:
2912:
2361:
1886:
1661:
1503:
1390:
1303:
Crustaceans exhibit a number of larval forms, of which the earliest and most characteristic is the
1186:
1101:
770:
3790:: biochemical changes during long term starvation and bacteria as a possible source of nutrition."
2201:
5797:
5723:
5581:
5451:
5429:
5410:
5297:
4590:
4536:
4162:
3724:
3622:
3427:
3343:
2904:
2832:
2533:
2130:
2099:
1434:
1150:
1122:
742:
252:
4774:"A Phylogenomic Solution to the Origin of Insects by Resolving Crustacean-Hexapod Relationships"
2738:
1920:
1429:
The name "crustacean" dates from the earliest works to describe the animals, including those of
204:
6363:
6301:
3457:
3069:"The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 – Meeting the sustainable development goals"
6345:
5677:
5639:
5289:
5264:
5104:
4956:
4925:
4902:
4853:
4803:
4751:
4726:
Oakley, Todd H.; Wolfe, Joanna M.; Lindgren, Annie R.; Zaharoff, Alexander K. (January 2013).
4634:
4582:
4493:
4329:
4292:
4256:
4193:
4035:
3925:
3892:
3888:
3801:
3758:
3695:
3588:
3576:
3527:
3410:
3405:
3335:
3278:
3246:
3108:
3050:
3042:
2995:
2884:
2638:
2207:
1298:
916:
798:
719:
4946:
4081:
3180:
2705:; there is some debate as to whether or not Cambrian animals assigned to Ostracoda are truly
6350:
5727:
5663:
5573:
5528:
5487:
5443:
5400:
5334:
5281:
5242:
5207:
5144:
5124:
5048:
4892:
4884:
4843:
4835:
4793:
4741:
4706:
4624:
4574:
4557:
4526:
4483:
4475:
4284:
4246:
4238:
4154:
3880:
3648:
3517:
3419:
3384:
3361:
Morphology of the brain in Hutchinsoniella macracantha (Cephalocarida, Crustacea) – page 290
3325:
3144:
3034:
2985:
2977:
2876:
2794:
2022:
1525:
1316:
1304:
1166:
1117:
1059:
856:
The body of a crustacean is composed of segments, which are grouped into three regions: the
786:
723:
524:
5788:
1007:
as the oxygen-carrying pigment, while copepods, ostracods, barnacles and branchiopods have
5809:
5783:
5758:
4873:"Major Revisions in Pancrustacean Phylogeny and Evidence of Sensitivity to Taxon Sampling"
3847:
3634:
3504:"Trilobite tagmosis and body patterning from morphological and developmental perspectives"
2731:. Most of the early crustaceans are rare, but fossil crustaceans become abundant from the
2678:
1692:
1449:
1361:
1212:
1096:
956:
6160:
5815:
4359:
2937:
5524:
5330:
5277:
5140:
5044:
4897:
4872:
4789:
4570:
4531:
4512:
4374:
4150:
3321:
3030:
1821:
669:
are more closely related to the hexapods than they are to any of the other crustaceans (
6257:
6244:
5492:
5473:
4848:
4823:
4488:
4461:
4358:(in Latin and Danish). Copenhagen & Leipzig: Fridericus Christianus Pelt. pp.
4313:
4251:
4226:
4125:
4031:
3754:
3691:
3611:
Anatomy and physiology of digestive tract of Crustaceans Decapods reared in aquaculture
3609:
3079:
2990:
2963:
2766:
2742:
2482:
2371:
2062:
1807:
1799:
1735:
738:
674:
560:
445:
425:
372:
5067:
4188:
2761:
contain important groups that are now extinct as well as extant members (Hoplocarida:
1757:
1331:, which may assist these small organisms in maintaining directional swimming. In many
1158:
1034:
829:
6395:
6044:
6039:
6009:
5916:
5585:
5414:
5262:
Schram, Frederick R. (August 28, 1970). "Isopod from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois".
4105:
3347:
2942:
2786:
2770:
2762:
2728:
2714:
2682:
2662:
2495:
2428:
2294:
2282:
2016:
1965:
1952:
1936:
1900:
1867:
1811:
1786:
1767:
1739:
1707:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1591:
1587:
1571:
1516:
1438:
1406:
1208:
1196:
928:
881:
778:
682:
658:
631:
467:
432:
393:
348:
331:
73:
5802:
5629:
5455:
5301:
4540:
4166:
4100:
3431:
1100:, all of which may be referred to as "crustacean lice"), and adult barnacles live a
653:) emerged deep in the Crustacean group, with the completed pan-group referred to as
234:
6049:
6024:
6014:
5985:
5022:
4594:
3919:
2723:
2702:
2698:
2686:
2520:
2384:
2322:
2237:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2054:
2048:
1973:
1930:
1871:
1747:
1726:
1719:
1603:
1579:
1563:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1532:
1456:
1430:
1242:
1144:
1091:
944:
766:
758:
662:
654:
595:
460:
450:
415:
410:
341:
302:
160:
6174:
5388:
4439:
3013:
Koenemann, Stefan; Jenner, Ronald A.; Hoenemann, Mario; et al. (2010-03-01).
2898:
896:
for the animal to grow. The shell around each somite can be divided into a dorsal
144:
6187:
5667:
5532:
5285:
5227:
Schram, Frederick; Hof, Cees H. J.; Mapes, Royal H. & Snowdon, Polly (2003).
5096:
4353:
4023:
3872:
3785:
3746:
3268:
6283:
6154:
6029:
5943:
5894:
4062:
3423:
2815:
2798:
2774:
2754:
2690:
2673:
2443:
2247:
2191:
2066:
1863:
1795:
1782:
1776:
1666:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1583:
1472:
1278:
1229:
1216:
1182:
1087:
1051:
1008:
1004:
889:
842:
802:
727:
711:
695:
670:
638:
420:
403:
388:
326:
48:
5170:
4288:
4196:, February 16, 2023, and published in volume 379, issue 6633, February 17, 2023
1418:
1401:
904:
and a lateral pleuron. Various parts of the exoskeleton may be fused together.
848:
6077:
6019:
5906:
5878:
5704:
5558:
Tshudy, Dale; Donaldson, W. Steven; Collom, Christopher; et al. (2005). "
5338:
5247:
5229:"Paleozoic cumaceans (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Peracarida) from North America"
5212:
5193:
5148:
5029:(Crustacea: Phyllocarida), Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia".
4798:
4773:
4711:
4694:
4158:
3038:
2894:
2828:
2758:
2710:
2667:
2307:
2213:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2157:
2125:
2105:
2075:
2058:
2027:
1859:
1831:
1826:
1715:
1650:
1599:
1511:
1352:
1320:
1258:
1254:
1133:
1083:
1055:
936:
754:
750:
650:
483:
455:
398:
336:
93:
58:
5228:
4888:
4355:
Zoologiæ fundamenta prælectionibus academicis accomodata. Grunde i Dyrelaeren
3554:
3310:
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution
3046:
1022:) mate seasonally and return to the sea to release the eggs. Others, such as
6231:
6054:
5975:
5970:
5960:
5952:
5924:
5884:
5872:
5866:
5847:
5447:
4746:
4727:
4669:
4629:
4610:
4242:
3658:
2836:
2718:
2546:
2120:
2114:
1985:
1956:
1914:
1891:
1851:
1790:
1751:
1730:
1627:
1575:
1567:
1324:
1308:
1262:
1113:
1079:
1067:
1063:
1023:
986:
979:
975:
967:
963:
in different crustaceans may be partly responsible for the group's success.
960:
932:
912:
838:
762:
746:
707:
691:
666:
627:
599:
591:
563:
515:
511:
472:
358:
289:
269:
210:
98:
42:
6145:
5052:
4906:
4857:
4807:
4755:
4638:
4586:
4497:
4479:
4296:
4260:
3918:
Galil, Bella; Froglia, Carlo; Noël, Pierre (2002). Briand, Frederic (ed.).
3531:
3522:
3503:
3339:
3068:
3054:
2999:
5293:
1359:, basic research was conducted to elucidate the repair mechanisms used by
6205:
6197:
6139:
6064:
6004:
5965:
5929:
4839:
3973:
3015:"Arthropod phylogeny revisited, with a focus on crustacean relationships"
2981:
2872:
2856:
2810:
2790:
2706:
2694:
2647:
2643:
2561:
2260:
2227:
2151:
2007:
1969:
1940:
1840:
1595:
1536:
1520:. Despite their diversity of form, crustaceans are united by the special
1332:
1328:
1274:
1246:
1220:
1204:
1200:
1105:
1075:
1071:
1044:
1015:
996:
971:
885:
834:
782:
774:
715:
702:
to grow. They are distinguished from other groups of arthropods, such as
642:
615:
607:
587:
567:
493:
363:
353:
240:
166:
114:
110:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
17:
6210:
5405:
4578:
3330:
3305:
2962:
Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Kayal, Ehsan; Gleeson, Dianne; et al. (2010).
1881:
220:
6275:
6082:
6072:
6034:
5767:
4382:
4114:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 356.
3652:
2951:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 552.
2864:
2840:
2802:
2782:
2778:
2655:
2406:
2175:
2165:
2161:
1981:
1977:
1948:
1846:
1803:
1510:
with a leg span of 3.7 metres (12 ft) – and the smallest, the 100-
1479:
1286:
1250:
948:
893:
877:
794:
731:
699:
619:
583:
383:
378:
226:
150:
103:
78:
5387:
Karasawa, Hiroaki; Takahashi, Fumio; Doi, Eiji; Ishida, Hideo (2003).
4277:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology
6288:
6087:
5860:
5025:(January 23, 1978). "The morphology, mode of life, and affinities of
4028:
Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates
3921:
CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean: Vol 2 Crustaceans
3751:
Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates
2868:
2169:
1540:
1266:
1224:
947:
which is present in many groups. The abdomen in malacostracans bears
940:
908:
897:
869:
703:
646:
623:
611:
571:
279:
180:
6116:
5691:
5474:"On the influence of fishes on the evolution of benthic crustaceans"
2851:
Many crustaceans are consumed by humans, and nearly 10,700,000
1656:
6236:
5776:
5507:
Baucon, A.; Ronchi, A.; Felletti, F.; Neto de Carvalho, C. (2014).
797:
are not as widely fished, but may be the animals with the greatest
4138:
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
2880:
2750:
2737:
2632:
1944:
1556:
1521:
1417:
1400:
1282:
1157:
1143:
1112:
are the bottom layer and most important part of the food chain in
1109:
1033:
1000:
847:
828:
790:
635:
603:
575:
507:
196:
6223:
5192:
Jenner, Ronald A.; Hof, Cees H. J.; Schram, Frederick R. (1998).
4924:(3rd ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. p. 222.
1074:, moving about independently, although a few taxonomic units are
2936:
2860:
2806:
1312:
1162:
952:
861:
579:
136:
6120:
5819:
5747:
Crustacea.net, an online resource on the biology of crustaceans
4189:
A tunable reflector enabling crustaceans to see but not be seen
3792:. In Bruno Battaglia; Valencia, José; Walton, D. W. H. (eds.).
2855:
were harvested in 2007; the vast majority of this output is of
1241:
In many crustaceans, the fertilised eggs are released into the
634:. The crustacean group can be treated as a subphylum under the
5479:
Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung
2852:
1108:
and will also switch hosts from marine to non-marine species.
1437:, but the name was not used by some later authors, including
1343:
passing through the eyes, as seen in many nocturnal animals.
5751:
4772:
Schwentner, M; Combosch, DJ; Nelson, JP; Giribet, G (2017).
2827:
However, the great radiation of crustaceans occurred in the
1211:. Some may even change sex during the course of their life.
6025:
Malacostraca (woodlice, shrimps, crayfish, lobsters, crabs)
5746:
5578:
10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0961:HAANSO]2.0.CO;2
4130:"Note on the function of the spines of the Crustacean zoœa"
4099:
551:
545:
533:
3617:. AQUACOP, IFREMER. Actes de Colloque 9. pp. 243–259.
2819:
is attributed to ghost shrimps, whereas the fossil burrow
1478:
The subphylum Crustacea comprises almost 67,000 described
915:: on the segments of the head, these include two pairs of
548:
2831:, particularly in crabs, and may have been driven by the
1050:
Most crustaceans are aquatic, living in either marine or
6050:
Branchiopoda (fairy, tadpole, clam shrimps, water fleas)
4650:
4648:
4462:"Biodiversity and body size are linked across metazoans"
3990:
D. E. Aiken; V. Tunnicliffe; C. T. Shih; L. D. Delorme.
1555:, with the hexapods nested within a larger Pancrustacea
4467:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
3794:
Antarctic communities: species, structure, and survival
2883:
being caught, despite krill having one of the greatest
5803:
Crustacea(crabs, lobsters, shrimps, prawns, barnacles)
5097:"Cephalocarida: living fossil without a fossil record"
4208:""Disco Eye-Glitter" Makes Baby Crustaceans Invisible"
3304:
Fritsch, Martin; Richter, Stefan (September 5, 2022).
880:. The head and thorax may be fused together to form a
1116:
animal communities. Some crustaceans are significant
539:
527:
982:, for instance, also possessed biramous appendages.
542:
530:
6129:
6063:
5993:
5984:
5951:
5942:
5915:
5893:
4695:"An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea"
4460:Craig R. McClain; Alison G. Boyer (June 22, 2009).
536:
482:
318:
251:
34:
4767:
4765:
4061:
3784:Virtue, P. D.; Nichols, P. D.; Nicols, S. (1997).
2749:Within the Malacostraca, no fossils are known for
1502:of the total number as most species remain as yet
1285:carry the eggs between their thoracic limbs; some
5798:Crustaceans (Crustacea) on the shore of Singapore
5513:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
5032:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
4658:An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea
3270:Handbook of the marine fauna of north-west Europe
3078:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the
817:), and a scientist who works in carcinology is a
3924:. Paris, Monaco: CIESM Publishers. p. 192.
1227:, and certain "higher" crustaceans, such as the
1189:. In fact, a recent study explains how the male
680:The 67,000 described species range in size from
5605:"FIGIS: Global Production Statistics 1950–2007"
5103:. New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 181–186.
3721:Icelandic Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture
3692:"Crabs, lobsters, prawns and other crustaceans"
3408:(July 4, 1997). "Crab legs and lobster claws".
888:. The crustacean body is protected by the hard
2789:, as are the first true mantis shrimp. In the
852:Body structure of a typical crustacean – krill
5831:
5017:
5015:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3941:
2721:, which were first described from the fossil
8:
5930:Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites)
5763:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
5712:"Encyclopedia Americana - Knowledge (XXG)".
5634:. Fisheries Technical Paper. Vol. 367.
4666:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
4026:. In James H. Thorp; Alan P. Covich (eds.).
3749:. In James H. Thorp; Alan P. Covich (eds.).
3454:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
3381:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
3243:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
3210:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
3177:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
3141:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
3105:Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
1078:and live attached to their hosts (including
955:, and is often flanked by uropods to form a
4373:Zhi-Qiang Zhang (2011). Z.-Q. Zhang (ed.).
3786:"Dietary-related mechanisms of survival in
2713:. The only classes to appear later are the
1465:
1459:valid work to use the name "Crustacea" was
1447:
1003:located near the dorsum. Malacostraca have
6117:
5990:
5948:
5899:
5838:
5824:
5816:
4432:"Japanese Spider Crabs Arrive at Aquarium"
3091:
3089:
1355:processes can protect crustaceans against
31:
5491:
5467:
5465:
5404:
5352:Crean, Robert P. D. (November 14, 2004).
5246:
5211:
4896:
4847:
4797:
4745:
4710:
4628:
4530:
4487:
4250:
4024:"Introduction to the Subphylum Crustacea"
3985:
3983:
3521:
3329:
3163:
3161:
2989:
1422:Decapods, from Ernst Haeckel's 1904 work
1369:repair. Another, less accurate process,
884:, which may be covered by a single large
486:included but traditionally excluded taxa
5099:. In N. Eldredge; S. M. Stanley (eds.).
4655:Joel W. Martin; George E. Davis (2001).
3747:"Crustacea: Introduction and Peracarida"
3127:
3125:
1608:
951:, and ends in a telson, which bears the
5628:Nicol, Steven; Endo, Yoshinari (1997).
4981:
4979:
4407:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
4022:Alan P. Covich; James H. Thorp (2001).
3745:Alan P. Covich; James H. Thorp (1991).
2924:
2717:, which have no fossil record, and the
1323:. Zoea larvae swim with their thoracic
686:at 0.1 mm (0.004 in), to the
5789:Natural History Collections: Crustacea
5599:
5597:
5595:
4308:
4306:
3827:Gollasch, Stephan (October 30, 2006).
3630:
3620:
2661:Crustaceans have a rich and extensive
1441:, who included crustaceans among the "
6030:Thecostraca (barnacles and relatives)
4945:Giribet, G.; Edgecombe, G.D. (2020).
3019:Arthropod Structure & Development
2709:, which would otherwise start in the
911:, or body segment can bear a pair of
7:
6338:2226aa46-23a5-436e-9d2e-94fc0f3998d1
6263:52e00e2b-6400-4b33-bc7f-815a468420bd
5435:Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
4324:. FAO Species Catalogue, Volume 13.
4082:participating institution membership
3547:"Closed and Open Circulatory System"
3267:P. J. Hayward; J. S. Ryland (1995).
2665:, which begins with animals such as
1054:environments, but a few groups have
559:), a large, diverse group of mainly
6407:Cambrian Series 2 first appearances
5129:Organisms Diversity & Evolution
4532:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1997.10030353.x
3509:Integrative and Comparative Biology
2539:
2513:
2488:
2421:
2399:
2377:
2367:
2300:
2275:
2253:
2243:
2233:
1535:hypothesis, in which Crustacea and
1471:in 1772, although he also included
1351:In an effort to understand whether
1120:, such as the Chinese mitten crab,
641:. It is now well accepted that the
6083:Diplura (two-pronged bristletails)
5493:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1989.tb00352.x
5072:An insight into micropalaeontology
3883:; Klein, J. C. von Vaupel (eds.).
3483:University of California, Berkeley
1371:microhomology-mediated end joining
25:
6412:Extant Cambrian first appearances
6045:Cephalocarida (horseshoe shrimps)
5636:Food and Agriculture Organization
5609:Food and Agriculture Organization
4412:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
4326:Food and Agriculture Organization
3844:Invasive Species Specialist Group
995:, where blood is pumped into the
737:Most crustaceans are free-living
718:(two-parted) limbs, and by their
5703:
4668:. pp. 1–132. Archived from
3873:"The western Pacific brachyuran
3840:Global Invasive Species Database
2897:
2200:
2135:
2092:
2032:
1994:
1913:
1880:
1820:
1756:
1691:
1655:
523:
256:
233:
219:
203:
189:
173:
159:
143:
129:
5472:Wägele, J. W. (December 1989).
5169:. July 29, 2008. Archived from
4877:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4733:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4616:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4518:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
4511:J. Zrzavý; P. Štys (May 1997).
4402:"Crustaceans — bugs of the sea"
4206:Duff, Meg (February 16, 2023).
3581:Comparative Animal Biochemistry
2843:also appear in the Cretaceous.
1249:carry the eggs attached to the
5737:New International Encyclopedia
3502:N. C. Hughes (February 2003).
2727:, but do not appear until the
1713:(alternatively the subclasses
1482:, which is thought to be just
931:, which may be specialised as
777:). The group has an extensive
1:
5167:Australian Antarctic Division
4948:The Invertebrate Tree of Life
4699:Journal of Crustacean Biology
3479:"Crustaceamorpha: appendages"
1723:may be recognised as classes)
927:; the thoracic segments bear
5631:Krill Fisheries of the World
5533:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.05.034
5286:10.1126/science.169.3948.854
4828:Genome Biology and Evolution
4322:Marine Lobsters of the World
2969:Genome Biology and Evolution
2801:appear in the Triassic, and
1547:. More recent studies using
1397:Classification and phylogeny
1126:, and the Asian shore crab,
959:. The number and variety of
6015:Pentastomida (tongue worms)
5925:Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs)
4920:Brusca, Richard C. (2016).
3424:10.1126/science.277.5322.36
2745:on sale at a Spanish market
2040:Hutchinsoniella macracantha
1132:. Since the opening of the
991:The main body cavity is an
6438:
5325:(10 & 11): 1567–1576.
5318:Journal of Natural History
5076:University College, London
4953:Princeton University Press
4289:10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.10.005
3871:John J. McDermott (1999).
3798:Cambridge University Press
1699:Ctenocheilocaris galvarini
1551:suggest that Crustacea is
1379:non-homologous end joining
1367:homologous recombinational
1307:. This has three pairs of
1296:
984:
6104:
5907:Pycnogonida (sea spiders)
5902:
5855:
5339:10.1080/00222939800771101
5248:10.1163/18759866-07201001
5213:10.1163/18759866-06703001
5149:10.1016/j.ode.2006.07.001
4799:10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.040
4712:10.1163/20021975-99990355
4159:10.1017/S0025315400057994
4069:Oxford English Dictionary
3997:The Canadian Encyclopedia
3674:Tulane Studies in Geology
3039:10.1016/j.asd.2009.10.003
2835:of their main predators,
2769:are extinct; Phyllopoda:
2611:
2559:
2544:
2537:
2518:
2511:
2493:
2486:
2441:
2426:
2419:
2404:
2397:
2382:
2375:
2365:
2320:
2305:
2298:
2280:
2273:
2258:
2251:
2241:
2226:in relation to the class
1058:to life on land, such as
1020:Christmas Island red crab
490:
323:
253:Scientific classification
123:
6078:Collembola (springtails)
6005:Ostracoda (seed shrimps)
5772:Tree of Life Web Project
5757:October 9, 2007, at the
5393:Paleontological Research
5234:Contributions to Zoology
5199:Contributions to Zoology
4991:Fossil Groups: Crustacea
3953:"Crustacean (arthropod)"
3551:Georgia State University
2785:are both known from the
1383:homologous recombination
1064:terrestrial hermit crabs
6109:are paraphyletic groups
5812:: Biodiversity Explorer
5793:University of Edinburgh
5674:Oxford University Press
5565:Journal of Paleontology
5560:Hoploparia albertaensis
5448:10.5479/si.00810282.131
5095:Hessler, R. R. (1984).
4186:Shavit, Keshet, et al,
4111:Encyclopædia Britannica
4074:Oxford University Press
3974:"Remipedia Yager, 1981"
3958:Encyclopædia Britannica
3275:Oxford University Press
2948:Encyclopædia Britannica
1514:-long (0.004 in)
1319:stage and precedes the
993:open circulatory system
781:, reaching back to the
714:, by the possession of
514:that are a part of the
27:Subphylum of arthropods
6020:Branchiura (fish lice)
5976:Diplopoda (millipedes)
5961:Chilopoda (centipedes)
5777:The Crustacean Society
5715:Encyclopedia Americana
5428:Chace, Fenner A. Jr.;
5163:"Antarctic Prehistory"
5053:10.1098/rstb.1978.0005
4889:10.1093/molbev/msad175
4480:10.1098/rspb.2009.0245
4214:– via slate.com.
4096:Calman, William Thomas
3875:Hemigrapsus sanguineus
3651:(2005). "Crustacean".
3577:"Respiratory pigments"
2933:Calman, William Thomas
2746:
2658:
2143:Speleonectes tanumekes
2002:Ocypode ceratophthalma
1466:
1461:Morten Thrane Brünnich
1448:
1426:
1415:
1181:Most crustaceans have
1173:
1155:
1129:Hemigrapsus sanguineus
1047:
853:
845:
694:, crustaceans have an
6359:Paleobiology Database
5708:Texts on Wikisource:
5362:University of Bristol
5173:on September 30, 2009
4995:University of Bristol
4747:10.1093/molbev/mss216
4630:10.1093/molbev/msr270
4436:Oregon Coast Aquarium
4243:10.1093/dnares/dsw059
2847:Consumption by humans
2741:
2724:Tesnusocaris goldichi
2652:Bissingen an der Teck
2636:
1827:Perforatus perforatus
1763:Armillifer armillatus
1424:Kunstformen der Natur
1421:
1412:Kunstformen der Natur
1404:
1161:
1147:
1040:Abludomelita obtusata
1037:
851:
832:
6258:Fauna Europaea (new)
5850:classes by subphylum
5718:. Vol. 8. 1920.
5368:on February 29, 2012
4784:(12): 1818–1824.e5.
4034:. pp. 777–798.
3891:. pp. 425–444.
3881:Schram, Frederick R.
3757:. pp. 665–722.
3649:Ghiselin, Michael T.
3587:. pp. 249–287.
3575:Klaus Urich (1994).
3523:10.1093/icb/43.1.185
2813:. The fossil burrow
2733:Carboniferous period
1517:Stygotantulus stocki
1508:Japanese spider crab
1387:base excision repair
688:Japanese spider crab
683:Stygotantulus stocki
657:. The three classes
6417:Paraphyletic groups
6073:Protura (coneheads)
5724:Clark, Hubert Lyman
5525:2014PPP...410...74B
5430:Manning, Raymond B.
5406:10.2517/prpsj.7.357
5331:1998JNatH..32.1567H
5278:1970Sci...169..854S
5141:2007ODivE...7...33K
5045:1978RSPTB.281..439B
5027:Canadaspis perfecta
4790:2017CBio...27E1818S
4693:Huys, Rony (2003).
4579:10.1038/nature08742
4571:2010Natur.463.1079R
4565:(7284): 1079–1083.
4474:(1665): 2209–2215.
4151:1889JMBUK...1..169W
4072:(Online ed.).
3450:Crustacean Glossary
3377:Crustacean Glossary
3331:10.1002/jez.b.23140
3322:2022JEZB..338..342F
3239:Crustacean Glossary
3206:Crustacean Glossary
3173:Crustacean Glossary
3137:Crustacean Glossary
3101:Crustacean Glossary
3031:2010ArtSD..39...88K
2913:Pain in crustaceans
2857:decapod crustaceans
2773:are extinct, while
1887:Cylindroleberididae
1662:Cylindroleberididae
1467:Zoologiæ Fundamenta
1391:DNA mismatch repair
1375:Tigriopus japonicus
1154:, a freshwater crab
935:(walking legs) and
841:, part of the hard
439:Priscansermarinidae
5808:2012-01-11 at the
5782:2011-11-10 at the
5354:"Dendrobranchiata"
4840:10.1093/gbe/evz097
3831:Eriocheir sinensis
2982:10.1093/gbe/evq030
2905:Crustaceans portal
2833:adaptive radiation
2765:are extant, while
2747:
2659:
2100:Lepidurus arcticus
1524:form known as the
1435:Guillaume Rondelet
1427:
1416:
1187:reproduce sexually
1174:
1156:
1151:Potamon fluviatile
1123:Eriocheir sinensis
1048:
854:
846:
6387:
6386:
6346:Open Tree of Life
6123:Taxon identifiers
6114:
6113:
6100:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6088:Insecta (insects)
5938:
5937:
5728:Ingersoll, Ernest
5683:978-0-19-503742-5
5664:Schram, Frederick
5645:978-92-5-104012-6
5272:(3948): 854–855.
5125:Koenemann, Stefan
5110:978-3-540-90957-6
4962:978-0-6911-7025-1
4335:978-92-5-103027-1
4314:Lipke B. Holthuis
4080:(Subscription or
4041:978-0-12-690647-9
3898:978-90-04-11387-9
3889:Koninklijke Brill
3807:978-0-521-48033-8
3764:978-0-12-690645-5
3717:"Benthic animals"
3698:. January 5, 2010
3696:Australian Museum
3594:978-3-540-57420-0
3406:Elizabeth Pennisi
3284:978-0-19-854055-7
2938:"Crustacea"
2839:. The first true
2639:Eryma mandelslohi
2622:
2621:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2571:
2472:
2471:
2463:
2462:
2454:
2453:
2351:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2333:
2332:
2220:
2219:
2208:Mantispa styriaca
1299:Crustacean larvae
1060:terrestrial crabs
787:shrimp and prawns
501:
500:
118:
117:
16:(Redirected from
6429:
6380:
6379:
6367:
6366:
6354:
6353:
6341:
6340:
6331:
6330:
6318:
6317:
6305:
6304:
6292:
6291:
6279:
6278:
6266:
6265:
6253:
6252:
6240:
6239:
6227:
6226:
6214:
6213:
6201:
6200:
6191:
6190:
6178:
6177:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6118:
5991:
5949:
5900:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5817:
5741:
5719:
5707:
5687:
5650:
5649:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5601:
5590:
5589:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5535:. Archived from
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5469:
5460:
5459:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5408:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5364:. Archived from
5349:
5343:
5342:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5066:Olney, Matthew.
5063:
5057:
5056:
5039:(984): 439–487.
5019:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
4997:. Archived from
4983:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4900:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4851:
4834:(8): 2055–2070.
4818:
4812:
4811:
4801:
4769:
4760:
4759:
4749:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4674:
4663:
4652:
4643:
4642:
4632:
4623:(3): 1031–1045.
4605:
4599:
4598:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4534:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4491:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4438:. Archived from
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4379:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4328:. pp. 1–2.
4310:
4301:
4300:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4254:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4203:
4197:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4169:. Archived from
4134:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4103:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4077:
4065:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4030:(2nd ed.).
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4000:. Archived from
3987:
3978:
3977:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3949:
3936:
3935:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3852:
3846:. Archived from
3837:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3788:Euphasia superba
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3753:(1st ed.).
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3723:. Archived from
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3618:
3616:
3608:H. J. Ceccaldi.
3605:
3599:
3598:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3553:. Archived from
3542:
3536:
3535:
3525:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3456:. Archived from
3442:
3436:
3435:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3383:. Archived from
3369:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3333:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3245:. Archived from
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3212:. Archived from
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3179:. Archived from
3165:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3143:. Archived from
3129:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3107:. Archived from
3093:
3084:
3083:
3073:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2993:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2940:
2929:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2540:
2514:
2489:
2422:
2400:
2378:
2368:
2301:
2276:
2254:
2244:
2234:
2204:
2139:
2096:
2036:
2023:Horseshoe shrimp
1998:
1917:
1907:Tantulocaridians
1884:
1824:
1760:
1695:
1659:
1609:
1543:and allies) are
1501:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1469:
1453:
1171:Homarus gammarus
1167:European lobster
1118:invasive species
892:, which must be
807:malacostracology
805:(alternatively,
675:multicrustaceans
558:
557:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
319:Groups included
261:
260:
237:
223:
207:
193:
177:
163:
147:
133:
109:
108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
37:
32:
21:
6437:
6436:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6427:
6426:
6392:
6391:
6388:
6383:
6375:
6370:
6362:
6357:
6349:
6344:
6336:
6334:
6326:
6321:
6313:
6308:
6300:
6295:
6287:
6282:
6274:
6269:
6261:
6256:
6248:
6243:
6235:
6230:
6222:
6217:
6209:
6204:
6196:
6194:
6186:
6181:
6173:
6168:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6125:
6115:
6110:
6092:
6059:
5980:
5934:
5911:
5889:
5851:
5844:
5810:Wayback Machine
5784:Wayback Machine
5759:Wayback Machine
5722:
5711:
5700:
5684:
5662:
5659:
5654:
5653:
5646:
5627:
5626:
5622:
5613:
5611:
5603:
5602:
5593:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5542:
5540:
5539:on July 6, 2022
5506:
5505:
5501:
5471:
5470:
5463:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5386:
5385:
5381:
5371:
5369:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5176:
5174:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5123:
5122:
5118:
5111:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5080:
5078:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5021:
5020:
5013:
5004:
5002:
4987:"Fossil Record"
4985:
4984:
4977:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4932:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4778:Current Biology
4771:
4770:
4763:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4661:
4654:
4653:
4646:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4445:
4443:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4416:
4414:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4336:
4312:
4311:
4304:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4185:
4181:
4173:
4132:
4126:W. F. R. Weldon
4124:
4123:
4119:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4007:
4005:
3989:
3988:
3981:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3951:
3950:
3939:
3932:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3835:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3730:
3728:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3701:
3699:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3629:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3595:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3560:
3558:
3545:Akira Sakurai.
3544:
3543:
3539:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3487:
3485:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3463:
3461:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3390:
3388:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3355:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3252:
3250:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3219:
3217:
3202:"Cephalothorax"
3200:
3199:
3195:
3186:
3184:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3150:
3148:
3131:
3130:
3123:
3114:
3112:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3025:(2–3): 88–110.
3012:
3011:
3007:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2887:on the planet.
2849:
2743:Norway lobsters
2679:Middle Cambrian
2631:
2623:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2508:Athalassocarida
2473:
2464:
2455:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2211:
2205:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2140:
2128:
2103:
2097:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2037:
2005:
1999:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1918:
1889:
1885:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1829:
1825:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1789:
1785:
1765:
1761:
1750:
1746:
1744:Raillietiellida
1742:
1738:
1722:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1696:
1682:Mystococaridans
1664:
1660:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1574:, Maxillopoda,
1498:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1455:. The earliest
1450:Systema Naturae
1405:Copepods, from
1399:
1362:Penaeus monodon
1349:
1340:isoxanthopterin
1301:
1295:
1239:
1213:Parthenogenesis
1192:T. californicus
1179:
1142:
1097:Cymothoa exigua
1032:
989:
827:
769:) and some are
741:, but some are
739:aquatic animals
624:opossum shrimps
526:
522:
255:
247:
246:
245:
244:
243:
238:
230:
229:
224:
215:
214:
213:
208:
200:
199:
194:
185:
184:
183:
178:
170:
169:
164:
155:
154:
153:
148:
140:
139:
134:
119:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6435:
6433:
6425:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6394:
6393:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6381:
6368:
6355:
6342:
6332:
6319:
6306:
6293:
6280:
6267:
6254:
6245:Fauna Europaea
6241:
6228:
6215:
6202:
6192:
6179:
6166:
6151:
6135:
6133:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6112:
6111:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6069:
6067:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6001:
5999:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5957:
5955:
5946:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5921:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5903:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5881:
5875:
5869:
5863:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5835:
5828:
5820:
5814:
5813:
5800:
5795:
5786:
5774:
5765:
5749:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5740:. Vol. 5.
5720:
5699:
5698:External links
5696:
5695:
5694:
5688:
5682:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5644:
5620:
5591:
5572:(5): 961–968.
5550:
5499:
5486:(4): 297–309.
5461:
5420:
5399:(4): 357–362.
5379:
5358:Order Decapoda
5344:
5307:
5254:
5219:
5206:(3): 155–186.
5184:
5154:
5116:
5109:
5101:Living Fossils
5087:
5058:
5011:
4975:
4961:
4955:. p. 21.
4937:
4930:
4912:
4883:(8): msad175.
4863:
4813:
4761:
4740:(1): 215–233.
4718:
4705:(2): 495–497.
4685:
4644:
4600:
4546:
4525:(3): 353–367.
4503:
4452:
4423:
4393:
4365:
4350:M. T. Brünnich
4341:
4334:
4318:"Introduction"
4302:
4283:(2): 359–368.
4266:
4237:(2): 117–128.
4217:
4198:
4179:
4176:on 2011-07-17.
4145:(2): 169–172.
4117:
4106:Chisholm, Hugh
4087:
4053:
4040:
4032:Academic Press
4014:
3979:
3964:
3937:
3930:
3910:
3897:
3863:
3819:
3806:
3776:
3763:
3755:Academic Press
3737:
3708:
3683:
3664:
3640:
3600:
3593:
3567:
3537:
3516:(1): 185–206.
3494:
3470:
3437:
3397:
3364:
3353:
3316:(6): 342–359.
3296:
3283:
3259:
3226:
3193:
3157:
3121:
3085:
3080:United Nations
3060:
3005:
2954:
2943:Chisholm, Hugh
2923:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2892:
2889:
2848:
2845:
2809:appear in the
2767:Aeschronectida
2630:
2627:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2483:Allotriocarida
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2372:Multicrustacea
2366:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2242:
2240:
2232:
2218:
2217:
2198:
2173:
2155:
2147:
2146:
2133:
2123:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2090:
2069:
2063:Tadpole shrimp
2052:
2044:
2043:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2012:
2011:
1992:
1963:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1878:
1849:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1818:
1808:Cryptophialida
1800:Dendrogastrida
1793:
1780:
1772:
1771:
1754:
1736:Cephalobaenida
1733:
1724:
1703:
1702:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1671:
1670:
1653:
1636:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1475:in the group.
1398:
1395:
1348:
1345:
1297:Main article:
1294:
1291:
1238:
1235:
1197:hermaphrodites
1183:separate sexes
1178:
1175:
1141:
1138:
1031:
1028:
970:are typically
826:
823:
722:, such as the
499:
498:
497:
496:
488:
487:
480:
479:
478:
477:
476:
475:
470:
465:
464:
463:
458:
446:Allotriocarida
443:
442:
441:
435:
430:
429:
428:
426:Eumalacostraca
423:
418:
408:
407:
406:
401:
396:
386:
381:
373:Multicrustacea
370:
369:
368:
367:
366:
361:
351:
346:
345:
344:
339:
321:
320:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:
300:
293:
292:
287:
283:
282:
277:
273:
272:
267:
263:
262:
249:
248:
239:
232:
231:
225:
218:
217:
216:
209:
202:
201:
195:
188:
187:
186:
179:
172:
171:
165:
158:
157:
156:
149:
142:
141:
135:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
121:
120:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
46:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6434:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6390:
6378:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6360:
6356:
6352:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6333:
6329:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6207:
6203:
6199:
6193:
6189:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6171:
6167:
6162:
6156:
6152:
6147:
6141:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6119:
6108:
6103:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6062:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6040:Tantulocarida
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6010:Mystacocarida
6008:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5941:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5917:Euchelicerata
5914:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5886:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5874:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5849:
5841:
5836:
5834:
5829:
5827:
5822:
5821:
5818:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5661:
5660:
5656:
5647:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5624:
5621:
5610:
5606:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5554:
5551:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5503:
5500:
5494:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5442:(131): 1–18.
5441:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5424:
5421:
5416:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5383:
5380:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5348:
5345:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5311:
5308:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5266:
5258:
5255:
5249:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5223:
5220:
5214:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5188:
5185:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5117:
5112:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5091:
5088:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5062:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5024:
5023:Briggs, Derek
5018:
5016:
5012:
5001:on 2016-09-07
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4964:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4949:
4941:
4938:
4933:
4931:9781605353753
4927:
4923:
4922:Invertebrates
4916:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4867:
4864:
4859:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4817:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4722:
4719:
4713:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4689:
4686:
4675:on 2013-05-12
4671:
4667:
4660:
4659:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4604:
4601:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4550:
4547:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4507:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4456:
4453:
4442:on 2010-03-23
4441:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4424:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4376:
4369:
4366:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4270:
4267:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4221:
4218:
4213:
4209:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4183:
4180:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4131:
4128:(July 1889).
4127:
4121:
4118:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4064:
4057:
4054:
4043:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4015:
4004:on 2011-06-07
4003:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3972:G. L. Pesce.
3968:
3965:
3961:. 5 May 2023.
3960:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3931:92-990003-2-8
3927:
3923:
3922:
3914:
3911:
3900:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3867:
3864:
3853:on 2017-12-24
3849:
3845:
3841:
3834:
3832:
3823:
3820:
3809:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3780:
3777:
3766:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3741:
3738:
3727:on 2014-05-11
3726:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3636:
3624:
3613:
3612:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3568:
3557:on 2016-09-17
3556:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3498:
3495:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3471:
3460:on 2013-11-05
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3387:on 2011-07-27
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3357:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3297:
3286:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3263:
3260:
3249:on 2011-07-27
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3216:on 2011-07-27
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3183:on 2011-07-27
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3147:on 2011-07-27
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3111:on 2011-07-27
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2958:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2787:Carboniferous
2784:
2780:
2777:are extant).
2776:
2772:
2771:Canadaspidida
2768:
2764:
2763:mantis shrimp
2760:
2756:
2753:, while both
2752:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2729:Carboniferous
2726:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2715:Cephalocarida
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2683:Burgess Shale
2680:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2663:fossil record
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2629:Fossil record
2628:
2626:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2496:Cephalocarida
2491:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2429:Tantulocarida
2424:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2363:
2362:Altocrustacea
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2346:
2338:
2337:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2295:Ichthyostraca
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:Mystacocarida
2278:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2017:Cephalocarida
2014:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:Hooded shrimp
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:Mantis shrimp
1935:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1901:Tantulocarida
1898:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:Harpacticoida
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:Lithoglyptida
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1787:Ascothoracida
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1768:Porocephalida
1764:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1740:Porocephalida
1737:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1708:Ichthyostraca
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:Mystococarida
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1676:Mystacocarida
1673:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:Mystacocarida
1589:
1588:Tantulocarida
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:Cephalocarida
1569:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1549:DNA sequences
1546:
1545:sister groups
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1458:
1457:nomenclatural
1454:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1439:Carl Linnaeus
1436:
1432:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1409:'s 1904 work
1408:
1407:Ernst Haeckel
1403:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1279:leptostracans
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:Cephalocarida
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1177:Mating system
1176:
1172:
1168:
1165:larva of the
1164:
1160:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:cephalothorax
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
850:
844:
840:
836:
831:
824:
822:
820:
819:carcinologist
816:
812:
811:crustaceology
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
779:fossil record
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
698:, which they
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:
678:
676:
672:
671:oligostracans
668:
664:
660:
659:Cephalocarida
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
637:
633:
632:mantis shrimp
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
562:
556:
520:
517:
513:
509:
505:
495:
492:
491:
489:
485:
484:Cladistically
481:
474:
471:
469:
468:Cephalocarida
466:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
449:
448:
447:
444:
440:
436:
434:
433:Tantulocarida
431:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
412:
409:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
394:Ascothoracida
392:
391:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
376:
375:
374:
371:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
355:
352:
350:
349:Mystacocarida
347:
343:
340:
338:
335:
334:
333:
332:Ichthyostraca
330:
329:
328:
325:
324:
322:
317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
294:
291:
288:
285:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
271:
268:
265:
264:
259:
254:
250:
242:
236:
228:
222:
212:
206:
198:
192:
182:
176:
168:
162:
152:
146:
138:
132:
122:
116:
112:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
33:
30:
19:
6422:Pancrustacea
6389:
6130:
6106:
5995:
5994:
5986:Pancrustacea
5883:Superphylum
5735:
5713:
5668:
5630:
5623:
5612:. Retrieved
5569:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5541:. Retrieved
5537:the original
5516:
5512:
5502:
5483:
5477:
5439:
5433:
5423:
5396:
5392:
5382:
5372:February 25,
5370:. Retrieved
5366:the original
5357:
5347:
5322:
5316:
5310:
5269:
5263:
5257:
5238:
5232:
5222:
5203:
5197:
5187:
5177:February 25,
5175:. Retrieved
5171:the original
5157:
5135:(1): 33–51.
5132:
5128:
5119:
5100:
5090:
5079:. Retrieved
5071:
5061:
5036:
5030:
5026:
5003:. Retrieved
4999:the original
4990:
4966:. Retrieved
4947:
4940:
4921:
4915:
4880:
4876:
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4670:the original
4657:
4620:
4614:
4603:
4562:
4556:
4549:
4522:
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4506:
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4455:
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4440:the original
4435:
4426:
4415:. Retrieved
4406:
4396:
4387:
4381:
4368:
4354:
4344:
4321:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4234:
4231:DNA Research
4230:
4220:
4211:
4201:
4187:
4182:
4171:the original
4142:
4136:
4120:
4109:
4101:"Crab"
4090:
4067:
4056:
4045:. Retrieved
4027:
4017:
4006:. Retrieved
4002:the original
3995:
3992:"Crustacean"
3967:
3957:
3920:
3913:
3902:. Retrieved
3884:
3874:
3866:
3855:. Retrieved
3848:the original
3839:
3830:
3822:
3811:. Retrieved
3793:
3787:
3779:
3768:. Retrieved
3750:
3740:
3729:. Retrieved
3725:the original
3711:
3700:. Retrieved
3686:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3653:
3643:
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3570:
3559:. Retrieved
3555:the original
3540:
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3507:
3497:
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3473:
3462:. Retrieved
3458:the original
3449:
3440:
3418:(5322): 36.
3415:
3409:
3400:
3389:. Retrieved
3385:the original
3376:
3367:
3356:
3313:
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3299:
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3269:
3262:
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3247:the original
3238:
3229:
3218:. Retrieved
3214:the original
3205:
3196:
3185:. Retrieved
3181:the original
3172:
3149:. Retrieved
3145:the original
3136:
3113:. Retrieved
3109:the original
3100:
3075:
3063:
3022:
3018:
3008:
2973:
2967:
2957:
2946:
2927:
2850:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2748:
2722:
2703:Malacostraca
2699:tongue worms
2687:Branchiopoda
2672:
2666:
2660:
2637:
2624:
2612:
2560:
2545:
2521:Branchiopoda
2519:
2494:
2442:
2427:
2405:
2385:Malacostraca
2383:
2323:Pentastomida
2321:
2306:
2281:
2259:
2238:Pancrustacea
2223:
2221:
2206:
2195:
2150:
2141:
2113:
2098:
2087:
2084:Spinicaudata
2080:Laevicaudata
2055:Fairy shrimp
2049:Branchiopoda
2047:
2038:
2015:
2000:
1989:
1974:Euphausiacea
1960:
1931:Malacostraca
1929:
1919:
1899:
1875:
1872:Misophrioida
1839:
1815:
1775:
1748:Reighardiida
1727:Tongue worms
1720:Pentastomida
1706:
1697:
1674:
1626:
1604:Pentastomida
1580:Malacostraca
1564:Branchiopoda
1561:
1553:paraphyletic
1533:Pancrustacea
1530:
1515:
1504:undiscovered
1477:
1473:chelicerates
1464:
1446:
1431:Pierre Belon
1428:
1423:
1410:
1374:
1360:
1350:
1337:
1302:
1259:notostracans
1243:water column
1240:
1228:
1217:branchiopods
1199:, including
1190:
1180:
1170:
1149:
1127:
1121:
1095:
1092:tongue worms
1049:
1038:
1013:
1009:haemoglobins
990:
965:
906:
873:
865:
857:
855:
814:
810:
806:
767:tongue worms
759:Rhizocephala
753:), some are
736:
728:branchiopods
720:larval forms
712:chelicerates
681:
679:
663:Branchiopoda
655:Pancrustacea
651:entognathans
596:branchiopods
518:
503:
502:
451:Branchiopoda
416:Phyllocarida
411:Malacostraca
342:Pentastomida
312:
303:Pancrustacea
296:
29:
6402:Crustaceans
6284:iNaturalist
6155:Wikispecies
5944:Mandibulata
5895:Chelicerata
5879:Protostomia
5877:(unranked)
5871:(unranked)
5865:Subkingdom
5669:Crustaceans
5241:(1): 1–16.
5068:"Ostracods"
3631:|work=
3446:"Antennule"
2976:: 425–440.
2816:Ophiomorpha
2799:polychelids
2775:Leptostraca
2755:Hoplocarida
2693:(including
2691:Maxillopoda
2674:Perspicaris
2642:, a fossil
2534:Labiocarida
2444:Thecostraca
2248:Oligostraca
2192:Hymenoptera
2158:Springtails
2131:Enantiopoda
2067:Clam shrimp
2059:Water Fleas
1966:Stomatopoda
1864:Gelyelloida
1796:Facetotecta
1783:Facetotecta
1777:Thecostraca
1667:Myodocopida
1647:Platycopida
1643:Halocyprida
1639:Myodocopida
1634:Seed shrimp
1584:Thecostraca
1271:brood pouch
1265:, and many
1263:anostracans
1230:Marmorkrebs
1005:haemocyanin
966:Crustacean
945:caudal rami
937:maxillipeds
890:exoskeleton
843:exoskeleton
803:carcinology
751:sandhoppers
743:terrestrial
696:exoskeleton
639:Mandibulata
592:seed shrimp
504:Crustaceans
461:Sarsostraca
421:Hoplocarida
404:Facetotecta
389:Thecostraca
327:Oligostraca
309:Subphylum:
41:511–0
35:Crustaceans
6396:Categories
5848:Arthropoda
5614:2016-09-10
5081:2016-09-10
5005:2016-09-10
4697:. review.
4679:2009-12-14
4446:2016-09-10
4417:2016-09-10
4084:required.)
4047:2016-09-10
4008:2016-09-10
3904:2016-09-10
3857:2016-09-10
3813:2016-09-10
3770:2016-09-10
3731:2016-09-10
3702:2016-09-10
3680:(1): 1–17.
3561:2016-09-10
3488:2016-09-10
3464:2016-09-10
3391:2016-09-10
3290:2016-09-10
3253:2016-09-10
3235:"Carapace"
3220:2016-09-10
3187:2016-09-10
3151:2016-09-10
3115:2016-09-10
3097:"Cephalon"
2919:References
2829:Cretaceous
2821:Camborygma
2759:Phyllopoda
2711:Ordovician
2668:Canadaspis
2308:Branchiura
2214:Neuroptera
2188:Neuroptera
2184:Coleoptera
2180:Orthoptera
2126:Nectiopoda
2106:Notostraca
2076:Notostraca
2028:Brachypoda
1921:Microdajus
1860:Cyclopoida
1856:Polyarthra
1832:Cirripedia
1716:Branchiura
1651:Podocopida
1600:Branchiura
1512:micrometre
1357:DNA damage
1353:DNA repair
1347:DNA repair
1325:appendages
1321:post-larva
1309:appendages
1255:peracarids
1233:crayfish.
1140:Life cycle
1134:Suez Canal
1088:whale lice
1052:freshwater
985:See also:
980:Trilobites
968:appendages
961:appendages
933:pereiopods
913:appendages
900:, ventral
872:, and the
815:crustalogy
692:arthropods
566:including
564:arthropods
512:arthropods
456:Phyllopoda
399:Cirripedia
337:Branchiura
290:Arthropoda
6188:Crustacea
6175:Crustacea
6161:Crustacea
6131:Crustacea
6055:Remipedia
5996:Crustacea
5971:Pauropoda
5953:Myriapoda
5885:Ecdysozoa
5873:Bilateria
5867:Eumetazoa
5768:Crustacea
5752:Crustacea
5732:Crustacea
5730:(1905). "
5586:131067067
5415:129330859
4390:: 99–103.
3659:Microsoft
3633:ignored (
3623:cite book
3348:248430846
3169:"Abdomen"
3047:1467-8039
2885:biomasses
2837:bony fish
2735:onwards.
2719:Remipedia
2707:ostracods
2695:barnacles
2677:from the
2646:from the
2613:Crustacea
2547:Remipedia
2261:Ostracoda
2224:Crustacea
2166:Diplurans
2162:Proturans
2121:Remipedes
2115:Remipedia
2072:Anostraca
1986:Amphipoda
1957:Amphipods
1892:Calanoida
1852:Calanoida
1791:Barnacles
1752:Arguloida
1731:fish lice
1628:Ostracoda
1576:Ostracoda
1568:Remipedia
1445:" in his
1273:from the
1221:ostracods
1205:remipedes
1201:barnacles
1114:Antarctic
1084:fish lice
1076:parasitic
997:haemocoel
987:Hemolymph
976:uniramous
921:mandibles
839:lady crab
775:barnacles
763:fish lice
755:parasitic
726:stage of
708:myriapods
667:Remipedia
628:amphipods
616:barnacles
608:remipedes
600:fish lice
519:Crustacea
516:subphylum
473:Remipedia
359:Myodocopa
354:Ostracoda
313:Crustacea
276:Kingdom:
270:Eukaryota
211:Woodlouse
18:Crustacea
6302:11905093
6224:55714582
6206:BugGuide
6195:BioLib:
6140:Wikidata
6065:Hexapoda
6035:Copepoda
5966:Symphyla
5861:Animalia
5859:Kingdom
5806:Archived
5780:Archived
5755:Archived
5666:(1986).
5456:53067015
5302:31851291
4907:37552897
4898:10414812
4858:31270537
4808:28602656
4756:22977117
4639:22049065
4587:20147900
4541:84906139
4498:19324730
4352:(1772).
4316:(1991).
4297:22051804
4261:28431013
4167:54759780
4098:(1911).
3585:Springer
3532:21680423
3432:83148200
3373:"Telson"
3340:35486026
3133:"Thorax"
3055:19854296
3000:20624745
2935:(1911).
2891:See also
2873:crawfish
2865:lobsters
2841:lobsters
2811:Jurassic
2791:Decapoda
2648:Jurassic
2562:Hexapoda
2407:Copepoda
2228:Hexapoda
2152:Hexapoda
2008:Decapoda
1970:Decapoda
1941:Decapods
1847:Copepods
1841:Copepoda
1596:Copepoda
1537:Hexapoda
1526:nauplius
1333:decapods
1329:carapace
1317:nauplius
1305:nauplius
1287:copepods
1275:carapace
1253:, while
1251:pleopods
1247:decapods
1148:Eggs of
1106:salinity
1080:sea lice
1068:woodlice
1045:amphipod
1024:woodlice
1016:decapods
1014:In many
972:biramous
957:tail fan
949:pleopods
925:maxillae
917:antennae
886:carapace
858:cephalon
835:carapace
795:copepods
783:Cambrian
747:woodlice
732:copepods
724:nauplius
716:biramous
643:hexapods
620:copepods
588:crayfish
584:lobsters
568:decapods
494:Hexapods
384:Copepoda
364:Podocopa
286:Phylum:
280:Animalia
266:Domain:
241:Barnacle
167:Crayfish
111:Cambrian
6276:3554857
5846:Extant
5657:Sources
5543:May 19,
5521:Bibcode
5327:Bibcode
5294:5432581
5274:Bibcode
5265:Science
5137:Bibcode
5041:Bibcode
4849:6684935
4786:Bibcode
4595:4427443
4567:Bibcode
4489:2677615
4383:Zootaxa
4252:5397610
4194:Science
4147:Bibcode
4108:(ed.).
3654:Encarta
3411:Science
3318:Bibcode
3082:. 2018.
3076:fao.org
3027:Bibcode
2991:2998192
2945:(ed.).
2783:Isopoda
2779:Cumacea
2656:Germany
2644:decapod
2523:
2176:Odonata
2170:Insects
1982:Cumacea
1978:Isopoda
1949:Isopods
1804:Laurida
1615:Members
1541:insects
1497:⁄
1487:⁄
1480:species
1269:form a
1267:isopods
1225:isopods
1223:, some
1219:, some
1102:sessile
1056:adapted
1030:Ecology
902:sternum
894:moulted
878:abdomen
833:A shed
825:Anatomy
799:biomass
771:sessile
704:insects
647:insects
612:isopods
572:shrimps
561:aquatic
379:Cyclida
227:Copepod
151:Lobster
115:present
6351:632176
6335:NZOR:
6237:1CRUSQ
6211:350294
6146:Q25364
6107:italic
5680:
5642:
5584:
5519:: 74.
5454:
5413:
5300:
5292:
5107:
4968:27 May
4959:
4928:
4905:
4895:
4856:
4846:
4806:
4754:
4637:
4593:
4585:
4558:Nature
4539:
4496:
4486:
4332:
4295:
4259:
4249:
4165:
4063:"Zoea"
4038:
3928:
3895:
3804:
3761:
3591:
3530:
3430:
3346:
3338:
3281:
3053:
3045:
2998:
2988:
2877:prawns
2875:, and
2869:shrimp
2803:shrimp
2795:prawns
2701:) and
1621:Photo
1618:Orders
1578:, and
1522:larval
1443:Aptera
1293:Larvae
1207:, and
1185:, and
1094:, and
1072:motile
1066:, and
941:telson
919:, the
909:somite
898:tergum
870:thorax
866:pereon
864:, the
773:(e.g.
757:(e.g.
745:(e.g.
576:prawns
506:(from
181:Shrimp
6372:WoRMS
6364:82629
6315:83677
6297:IRMNG
6289:85493
6250:13251
6198:14972
5582:S2CID
5452:S2CID
5411:S2CID
5298:S2CID
4673:(PDF)
4662:(PDF)
4591:S2CID
4537:S2CID
4378:(PDF)
4362:–254.
4212:Slate
4174:(PDF)
4163:S2CID
4133:(PDF)
4104:. In
4078:
3879:. In
3851:(PDF)
3836:(PDF)
3615:(PDF)
3428:S2CID
3344:S2CID
3072:(PDF)
2941:. In
2881:krill
2861:crabs
2807:crabs
2751:krill
1945:Krill
1612:Class
1557:clade
1283:krill
1110:Krill
1043:, an
1001:heart
999:by a
907:Each
874:pleon
837:of a
791:Krill
700:moult
636:clade
604:krill
580:crabs
508:Latin
297:Clade
197:Krill
6377:1066
6328:6657
6323:NCBI
6310:ITIS
6271:GBIF
6232:EPPO
5678:ISBN
5640:ISBN
5545:2022
5374:2010
5290:PMID
5179:2010
5105:ISBN
4970:2023
4957:ISBN
4926:ISBN
4903:PMID
4854:PMID
4804:PMID
4752:PMID
4635:PMID
4583:PMID
4494:PMID
4388:4138
4330:ISBN
4293:PMID
4257:PMID
4036:ISBN
3926:ISBN
3893:ISBN
3802:ISBN
3759:ISBN
3635:help
3589:ISBN
3528:PMID
3336:PMID
3279:ISBN
3051:PMID
3043:ISSN
2996:PMID
2853:tons
2805:and
2797:and
2781:and
2757:and
2697:and
2681:age
2671:and
2196:etc.
2088:etc.
1990:etc.
1961:etc.
1924:sp.
1876:etc.
1816:etc.
1729:and
1718:and
1602:and
1433:and
1389:and
1313:zoea
1281:and
1237:Eggs
1163:Zoea
953:anus
943:and
929:legs
923:and
862:head
793:and
730:and
710:and
673:and
665:and
649:and
630:and
586:and
137:Crab
49:PreꞒ
6219:EoL
6183:AFD
6170:ADW
5734:".
5574:doi
5529:doi
5517:410
5488:doi
5444:doi
5440:131
5401:doi
5335:doi
5282:doi
5270:169
5243:doi
5208:doi
5145:doi
5049:doi
5037:281
4893:PMC
4885:doi
4844:PMC
4836:doi
4794:doi
4742:doi
4707:doi
4625:doi
4575:doi
4563:463
4527:doi
4484:PMC
4476:doi
4472:276
4285:doi
4281:155
4247:PMC
4239:doi
4155:doi
3518:doi
3420:doi
3416:277
3326:doi
3314:338
3035:doi
2986:PMC
2978:doi
2650:of
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876:or
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