2780:. The Dayak arose from middle-earth out of a cosmic battle at the beginning of time between a primal couple, a male and female bird/dragon (serpent). Representations of this primal couple are among the most pervasive motifs of Dayak art. The primal mythic conflict ended in a mutual, procreative murder. The body parts became the present universe stage by stage. This primal sacrificial creation of the universe is re-experienced and ultimately harmoniously brought together in the seasons of the year, the interdependence of river (up-stream and down-stream) and land, the tilling of the earth and fall of the rain, the union of male and female, the distinctions between and cooperation of social classes, the wars and trade with foreigners, indeed in all aspects of life, even including tattoos on the body, the lay-out of dwellings and the annual cycle of renewal ceremonies, funeral rites, etc. The practice of Kaharingan differs from group to group, but shamans, specialists in ecstatic flight, are central to Dayak religion. They bring together the various realms of Heaven (Upper-world), earth and Under-world, for example healing the sick by retrieving their souls while they journey to the Upper-world land of the dead, accompanying and protecting the soul of the dead, presiding over annual renewal and agricultural regeneration festivals, etc. Death rituals are most elaborate when a noble (
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3221:) origin, explaining his name. One day he told his two servants Dora and Sembodo that he was going to Java. He told them that while he was away, both of them were to guard his heirloom (Pusoko). After arriving in Java, Aji Saka moved inland to the kingdom of Medang Kamulan. In a battle, Aji Saka pushed Dewata Cengkar into the South Sea. Dewata Cengkar did not die, instead becoming a Bajul Putih (White Crocodile). Aji Saka became a ruler of Medang Kamulan.
4247:
2994:, is divided into the upper world (heaven), the world of man (earth), and the underworld. At first, heaven and earth were married, then there was a darkness, a separation, and finally the light. Animals live in the underworld, which is represented by rectangular space enclosed by pillars, the earth is for mankind, and the heaven world is located above, covered with a saddle-shaped roof. Other Toraja gods include
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himself was allowed to take the pusoko. Dora and
Sembodo distrusted each other, and suspected that the other tried to steal the pusoko. They fought to death. Aji Saka became curious why it was taking so long, came home himself only to discover the bodies of his two faithful servants and the terrible misunderstanding between them. Aji Saka composed a poem to them that later become the origin of hanacaraka
1196:
24:
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Meanwhile, a woman of the village of
Dadapan, found an egg. She put the egg in her Lumbung (Rice Barn). After a certain period the egg vanished, replaced by a snake. The villagers wanted to kill the snake, but the snake said, "I'm the son of Aji Saka, bring me to him". Aji Saka told the snake that he
3094:. Sang Hyang Kersa also created seven bataras (lesser demigods) in Sasaka Pusaka Buana (The Sacred Place on Earth). The oldest of these is Batara Cikal who is considered the ancestor of the Kanekes people. Other bataras ruled various locations in Sunda lands and became the ancestors of human beings.
3232:
One day, a group of nine village boys were playing around in that Jungle. Suddenly it was raining heavily. They found shelter in a cave. Only eight boys went inside, while the ninth, suffering from skin disease had to stay out. All of a sudden, the cave fell apart, and the eight boys vanished. Only
3236:
After ruling the Medang
Kamulan kingdom, Aji Saka sent a messenger to inform his faithful servants to bring the pusoko to him. Dora came to Sembodo and told him that Aji Saka ask them to bring the pusoko to Java. Sembodo refused, since he clearly remembered Aji Saka's order: no one except Aji Saka
3228:
As had been promised the snake was recognized as Aji Saka's son and he was given a name Jaka
Linglung (a stupid boy). In the palace Jaka Linglung greedily ate the domestic pets of the palace. He was punished by the King, expelling him to live in the Jungle of Pesanga. He was tightly roped until he
3036:. The myth explains that Fumeripits was the first man in Asmat lands. Fumeripits' canoe sank in the sea and his body was stranded on Asmat coast. He was revived by magical bird. Feeling lonely he carved numerous wooden figures, and when he created
2668:
mythology was almost entirely supplanted by
Islamic mythology. However, belief in local spirits such as the forest guardian, the ghost of water or haunted places still exists, often associated with a jinn or the tormented soul of a deceased human.
2470:
Some native
Indonesian ethnic groups that were isolated from the rest of the world until recent centuries have their own native myths and gods. These native mythologies are relatively free from foreign influences, such as
3210:(giant demon) that repressed all creatures and ate humans. The first kingdom in Java was Medang Kamulan, and the king was the Giant King Dewata Cengkar, the cruel King of the country who ate the flesh of his own people.
2449:
in their belief systems. The tendency to syncretize by overlying older traditions with newer foreign ideas has occurred. For example, the older ancestral mythology might be merged with foreign mythology, such as
2938:
marries him. She becomes the mother of twins of opposite sexes. When the two have grown up their divine parents return to the upper world, leaving the couple behind on the Earth. Mankind is the result of their
2982:, or "the way" (sometimes translated as "the law"). In the Toraja myth, the ancestors of Torajan people came down from heaven using stairs, which were then used by the Torajans as a communication medium with
2911:, the dragon of the underworld who lived in the water. He groaned under the weight and attempted to get rid of it by rolling around. The Earth was softened by water and was almost destroyed. With the help of
3155:
to fill Java island with human beings. However at that time Java island was floating freely on the ocean. To make the island stay still, the gods decided to nail it on the earth by moving part of
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would be recognized as his son, if he could kill the Bajul Putih in the South Sea. After a long, stormy battle in which both sides demonstrated strength and skill, the snake killed Bajul Putih.
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2784:) dies. On particular religious occasions, the spirit is believed to descend to partake in celebration, a mark of honour and respect to past ancestors and blessings for a prosperous future.
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and mountainous regions spanned from west to east. The main part of the Meru mountain attached to the eastern part of Java. Later the gods cut off a small tip to make Mount
Pawitra (
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are either given identified as their Hindu counterpart or incorporated into a Java-Bali Hindu pantheon unknown in India. For example, native rice goddess Dewi Sri is identified with
2907:
was ordered to spread out this earth and thus the Earth became broad and long. But the goddess was not able to enjoy her rest for long. The Earth had been spread out on the head of
2899:, and lets herself down on a spun thread from the sky to the middle world, which at that time was a watery waste. She refuses to go back, but feels very unhappy. Out of compassion
3179:
serpent and wrapped his body around the mountain and giant turtle's back, so the Meru mountain could be transported safely. The mountain fragments scattered upon Java created the
2684:. Most native Indonesian ethnic groups, especially those not influenced by other traditions, explain the origin of the universe, gods and deities, as well as their ancestors.
2808:
creation myth has many versions. Large collections of Batak tales were recorded by
European scholars in their own languages (mostly Dutch) beginning in the mid-19th century.
4235:
1236:
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3341:(Sulalatus Salatin) describe some of these myths and often mention Islamic and Middle East references. According to Malay legends the ancestor of Malay king was
3213:
One day a young wise man by the name of Aji Saka come to fight Dewata
Cengkar. Aji Saka came from Bumi Majeti. Some sources hold that his origin was Jambudwipa (
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At the beginning of time there was only the sky with a great sea beneath it. In the sky lived the gods and the sea was the home of a mighty underworld
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begets three daughters whom he gives as wives for his three sons. Mankind is the result of the union of the three couples. Besides the three sons of
41:
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3206:. Soon after the gods created and nailed the island of Java, the island became habitable. However the first race to rule the island were the
2822:. His origin remains uncertain. A rough translation of the name is the "beginning of becoming". Everything that exists can be traced to him.
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Many Hindu-Buddhist mythical beings have a role in
Sundanese, Javanese, and Balinese mythology, including of Hindu gods and heroes,
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tells the story about the coming of civilization to Java, brought by the legendary first king of Java Aji Saka, and the story of
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All these six gods play a minor role in ritual. They do not receive sacrificial offerings from the faithful and no places of
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Soemarmo, Marmo. "Javanese Script." Ohio Working Papers in Linguistics and Language Teaching 14.Winter (1995): 69-103.
2818:. The earth did not yet exist and human beings, too, were as yet unknown. At the beginning of creation stands the god
2441:, each with their own myths and legends that explain the origin of their people, the tales of their ancestors and the
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a demigod descendant of Iskandar Dzulkarnain, a Middle Eastern legendary-historical figure usually associated with
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3086:(gods) were happy and smiling. To fill the land Sang Hyang Kersa created animals and demons, while the myth of
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as the king of gods, while the Sang Hyang Kersa remains unseen. According to Sundanese legends, the land of
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This Toraja myth was directly translated from the history of Toraja at the official Tana Toraja website
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explains the relationship between Sundanese and Javanese people as the tale of two contesting brothers.
2895:, who is the actual creator of the Earth. She flees from her intended husband, the lizard-shaped son of
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explain the creation of the universe and the world and its lands. They often explain the story of their
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Der Totenkult der Ngadju Dajak in Süd-Borneo. Mythen zum Totenkult und die Texte zum Tantolak Matei
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drum and played it, these wooden figures magically became alive as the ancestors of Asmat people.
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3541:. Some of these demons are derived from older traditions, while other might derived from recent
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The myth connected to the story of god and goddesses and mythical or legendary creatures
3229:
could not move his head. He was instructed only to eat things which fall into his mouth.
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the one who stayed outside was safe. The cave was actually the mouth of Jaka Linglung.
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2003:
1988:
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191:
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after the adoption of Hinduism). Many other gods were adopted from Hindu gods such as
2950:, and found the village of Si Anjur Mulamula. The mythological ancestor of the Batak,
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lives in the upper world, which is usually divided into seven levels. His three sons,
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2185:
2140:
988:
801:
717:
642:
592:
532:
414:
251:
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The most detailed study of the shamanistic ritual at funerals is by Waldemar Stöhr,
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3400:
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3338:
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sends his granddaughter a handful of earth so that she can find somewhere to live.
2769:
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472:
304:
221:
2934:, the husband the gods intended for her, had taken another name and another form,
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are built for them. They are merely called on in prayers for help and assistance.
1195:
4203:
2613:(female goddess). These names are similar to the native Philippines mythology of
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The origin of the Earth and of mankind is connected mainly with the daughter of
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687:
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329:
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226:
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885:
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672:
657:
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389:
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The ruler of the underworld, i. e. the primeval sea, is the serpent-dragon
4577:
4554:
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4314:
3425:
3420:
3380:
3288:
Minangkabau culture is heavily influenced by Islamic faith. As a result,
3218:
3199:
3098:
3087:
2742:
happened when the boar felt itchy and rubbed its back against a gigantic
2735:
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789:
749:
652:
617:
517:
512:
452:
374:
334:
284:
241:
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The best study of a traditional Dayak religion is that of Hans Scharer,
2846:
in his act of creation. Their functions vary in the different versions.
4582:
4460:
4442:
4339:
4006:
Stohr, W. & Zoeta Jadider, P. (1965) "Die Religionen Indonesiens."
3895:
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have their own legend about the origin of their tribe's name. The name
3242:
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557:
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354:
339:
274:
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2869:. He too existed before the beginning and seems to be the opponent of
4508:
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3172:
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was able to overcome the dragon. She thrust a sword into the body of
2812:
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862:
829:
824:
819:
796:
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727:
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577:
477:
457:
419:
344:
309:
246:
236:
125:
2946:
The couple settle on Pusuk Buhit, a volcano on the western shore of
3966:; translated by Rodney Needham (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1963).
3101:
also explains the origin of certain things and places. The myth of
2858:, has only unclear place and function. There is some evidence that
2754:
of Vishnu as a gigantic boar that carried the world upon his back.
4503:
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Ngaju Religion: The Conception of God among a South Borneo People
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447:
279:
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3312:("buffalo"). Minangkabau royalties can be traced to Matriarch
17:
2877:
also has an important function in the creation of the earth.
2862:
can be seen as the balance and unity of the trinity of gods.
3241:. The Javanese alphabet itself forms a poem, and a perfect
3090:
explains the origin of rice and plants on earth as told in
4126:. Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient
2711:. The reverence for this spiritual entity can be found in
4149:. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Penerbit Kanisius. p. 119.
3357:
and became the predecessor of Malay kings in the region.
3333:
also heavily influenced by Islamic culture. As a result,
3109:
volcano, and the collective memory of an ancient lake in
4120:
Edi Suhardi Ekajati; Undang A. Darsa; Oman Fathurahman.
3349:. It was said that Sang Sapurba descended on the top of
3245:, of which the line-by-line translation is as follows.:
2636:
especially those dealing with spiritual beings, such as
2923:
up to the hilt and laid him in an iron block. Whenever
2746:. This myth has its counterpart, in the Hindu myth of
4077:
cf. Kis-Jovak et al. (1988), Ch. 2, Hetty Nooy-Palm,
4033:
Sibeth, Achim; Kozok, Uli; Ginting, Juara R. (1991).
4023:
Doctoral dissertation in Theology. Groningen, p. 177.
2526:
were adopted and adapted into a uniquely local form.
4591:
4563:
4545:
4527:
4494:
4441:
4383:
4295:
2605:), and in native traditions usually referred to as
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4021:Het beeld van de ziel bij drie Sumatraanse volken.
3171:and carried the Meru upon his back, while the god
2561:the shakti of Vishnu, and Semar and his sons the
2842:. Two swallows act as messengers and helpers to
2838:were born from eggs laid by a hen fertilized by
2695:believed in an unseen spiritual entity that has
3187:,) while the main part of Meru mountain became
3074:and Vishnu. Batara Guru rules the kahyangan or
2726:According to the myth of some ethnic groups in
2570:
4229:
3988:Nancy Dowling, "Javanization of Indian Art",
3292:can be found in Minangkabau culture. However
2410:
1588:
1154:
8:
3010:(goddess of medicine); there are many more.
2927:twists in its fetters an earthquake occurs.
2545:, etc., while native gods of nature such as
4035:The Batak: Peoples of the Island of Sumatra
4236:
4222:
4214:
2417:
2403:
1606:
1595:
1581:
1194:
1172:
1161:
1147:
138:
3958:
3956:
3082:highlands was magically created when the
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
4147:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2
4098:. St. Martin College, UK. Archived from
3337:shaped the myth among Malay people. The
3266:(They were) equally powerful (in fight)
119:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3952:
3284:Adat and religion of Minangkabau people
3259:(They) had animosity (among each other)
3020:Culture and subsistence of Asmat people
3002:(a goddess who can cause earthquakes),
2581:. Several names refer to gods, such as
1609:
1501:
1458:
1451:
1358:
1347:
1308:
1301:
1184:
146:
142:This article is a part of the series on
7:
432:Mythological and folkloric creatures
46:adding citations to reliable sources
3979:(Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966).
4171:"Javanese Characters and Aji Saka"
2565:are incorporated into the epic of
1247:French and British era (1806–1816)
14:
3537:Demons are malevolent beings and
3032:people, on the Southern coast of
2652:entered Indonesian mythology. In
4245:
4123:Jawa Barat, koleksi lima lembaga
2964:Religious affiliation of Torajan
2541:(known as hapsari or bidadari),
2510:as early as the 1st century CE.
1562:
1130:
1119:
160:
22:
3066:and Batara Guru (identified as
2954:is one of their grandchildren.
2930:After the lizard-shaped son of
2577:, as the clown servants of the
1267:Liberal democracy era (1950–59)
135:battle in Indonesian mythology.
33:needs additional citations for
4204:Tulisan dari ‘Maluku’ Kategori
4008:Die Religionen der Menschheit,
3163:) and attaching it upon Java.
2734:sat upon the back of gigantic
1:
4209:Folk Orientation in Halmahera
2873:. As ruler of the underworld
1333:National costume of Indonesia
1277:Transitional period (1965–66)
1262:National Revolution (1945–49)
1257:Japanese occupation (1942–45)
1252:Dutch East Indies (1800–1942)
1108:List of sacred places in Java
880:Mythical and sacred locations
2971:indigenous belief system is
2703:. This spirit can be either
2514:, legends and epics such as
2460:Christian biblical mythology
129:glass painting depiction of
4061:, retrieved on 2007-05-18.
4037:. W.W. Norton. p. 65.
3252:There (were) two messengers
3191:volcano, the abode of Lord
2990:. The cosmos, according to
959:Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain
4654:
4096:Overview of World Religion
3323:
3281:
3124:
3047:
3017:
2961:
2800:Traditional Batak religion
2797:
2791:
2761:
2487:and Papuans. By contrast,
2437:consisting of hundreds of
1272:Guided Democracy (1959–65)
1237:Portuguese era (1512–1605)
1103:List of Indonesian deities
216:Traditional folk religions
4258:
3175:transformed into a giant
3167:transformed into a giant
2571:
1442:Architecture of Indonesia
1093:Indonesian folk religions
2764:Religion of Dayak people
57:"Mythology of Indonesia"
4277:Ghosts in Malay culture
3139:explains the origin of
3105:explains the origin of
2915:and by her own cunning
964:Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai
197:Ghosts in Malay culture
4019:Leertouwer, L. (1977)
3028:explain the origin of
2630:Indonesian archipelago
2431:mythology of Indonesia
2379:Religion and mythology
1328:Etiquette in Indonesia
1098:Javanese sacred places
842:Rituals and traditions
136:
4633:Religion in Indonesia
4145:Soekmono, R. (1973).
4065:May 20, 2007, at the
3282:Further information:
3273:Here are the corpses.
3048:Further information:
3018:Further information:
2996:Pong Banggai di Rante
2962:Further information:
2798:Further information:
2772:indigenous religion,
2762:Further information:
2699:powers identified as
2433:is very diverse, the
2342:Comparative mythology
1642:Aboriginal Australian
1227:Hinduism-Buddhism era
994:Kakawin Bhāratayuddha
954:Hikayat Bayan Budiman
123:
4638:Indonesian mythology
4628:Culture of Indonesia
4252:Indonesian mythology
4010:vol. 5:1, Stuttgart.
3686:Hantu Kepala Buntung
3006:(god of death), and
2624:After the coming of
2347:Comparative religion
2309:Legendary progenitor
1787:Continental Germanic
1569:Indonesia portal
1519:World Heritage Sites
1187:Culture of Indonesia
1137:Mythology portal
1126:Indonesia portal
663:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
385:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
171:Cultural mythologies
42:improve this article
4601:Manseren Manggoendi
4079:The World of Toraja
3992:, volume 54 (1992).
3476:Manseren Manggoendi
3347:Alexander the Great
3308:("victorious") and
3300:is thought to be a
3147:) ordered the gods
3113:. The epic tale of
3050:Sundanese mythology
2499:were influenced by
2096:Proto-Indo-European
1282:New Order (1966–98)
1242:VOC era (1603–1800)
944:Hikayat Amir Hamzah
4269:Balinese mythology
4265:Aliran Kepercayaan
3294:Minangkabau people
3185:Mount Penanggungan
3008:Indo' Belo Tumbang
2820:Mula Jadi Na Bolon
2687:Ancient people in
2466:Foreign influences
2297:Legendary creature
2013:Pacific Northwest
1338:Dance in Indonesia
999:Kakawin Hariwangsa
182:Balinese mythology
137:
4609:
4608:
4092:"Toraja Religion"
3681:Hantu Jeruk Purut
3581:Banaspati (ghost)
3335:Islamic mythology
3290:Islamic mythology
3092:Wawacan Sulanjana
3064:Batari Sunan Ambu
3024:The mythology of
3000:Indo' Ongon-Ongon
2721:Balinese Hinduism
2634:Islamic mythology
2435:Indonesian people
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1036:Wawacan Sulanjana
814:Wayang characters
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3661:Glundung Pringis
3127:Javanese beliefs
3107:Tangkuban Perahu
2998:(god of Earth),
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2508:Indian mythology
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2374:Pseudo-mythology
2286:Related concepts
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969:Kakawin Ramayana
488:Chen Fu Zhen Ren
315:Chen Fu Zhen Ren
204:Molucca Folklore
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3324:Main article:
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3314:Bundo Kanduang
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3125:Main article:
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2893:Sideak Parujar
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4234:
4232:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4188:
4185:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4158:
4156:979-413-290-X
4152:
4148:
4141:
4138:
4125:
4124:
4116:
4113:
4102:on 2006-10-06
4101:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4046:
4044:9780500973929
4040:
4036:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3921:Takau (ghost)
3919:
3917:
3916:Suster Ngesot
3914:
3912:
3911:Sundel Bolong
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3831:Potok (ghost)
3829:
3827:
3826:Poppo (ghost)
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3731:Kanun (ghost)
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3601:Bombo (ghost)
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:Bajag angkrik
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3543:urban legends
3540:
3532:
3527:
3526:Warak ngendog
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3456:Kuda Sembrani
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:maga bathanga
3267:
3264:
3263:padha jayanya
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3056:Sunda Wiwitan
3054:According to
3051:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2952:Si Raja Batak
2949:
2944:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2854:another god,
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2713:Sunda Wiwitan
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2673:Creation myth
2672:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2439:ethnic groups
2436:
2432:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:Kwakwakaʼwakw
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
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1920:
1919:
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1916:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
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1887:
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1880:
1877:
1875:
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1867:
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1827:
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1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
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1800:
1798:
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1793:
1790:
1788:
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1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
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1770:
1768:
1765:
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1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
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1743:
1740:
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1730:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1393:Protestantism
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1127:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
989:Bharatayuddha
987:
986:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
932:
931:
925:
924:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
877:
876:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
839:
838:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
811:
810:
803:
802:Warak ngendog
800:
798:
795:
791:
788:
787:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
743:
742:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
718:Sundel Bolong
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
643:Putri Tangguk
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
593:Malin Kundang
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
533:Hantu Bongkok
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
436:
435:
429:
428:
421:
418:
416:
415:Warak ngendog
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
266:
265:
258:
255:
253:
252:Sunda Wiwitan
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
213:
212:
205:
202:
198:
195:
194:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
174:
168:
167:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
145:
141:
140:
134:
133:
132:Bhāratayuddha
128:
127:
122:
112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
4537:Sureq Galigo
4456:Orang bunian
4403:Bulan Pejeng
4251:
4187:
4175:. Retrieved
4173:. Joglosemar
4165:
4146:
4140:
4128:. Retrieved
4122:
4115:
4104:. Retrieved
4100:the original
4095:
4086:
4081:, pp. 12–18.
4078:
4073:
4059:toraja.go.id
4053:
4034:
4028:
4020:
4015:
4007:
3989:
3984:
3976:
3971:
3963:
3806:Orang Bunian
3736:Karo Kamilis
3621:Dadung Dawus
3606:Bute (ghost)
3586:Begu Ganjang
3539:evil spirits
3536:
3501:Orang Pendek
3496:Orang Gadang
3486:Nyai Blorong
3471:Naga Besukih
3401:Batara Sambu
3364:
3343:Sang Sapurba
3339:Malay Annals
3329:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3287:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3212:
3207:
3198:The myth of
3197:
3130:
3115:Ciung Wanara
3096:
3053:
3023:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2983:
2979:
2973:polytheistic
2967:
2951:
2945:
2935:
2932:Mangalabulan
2931:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2897:Mangalabulan
2896:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2832:Mangalabulan
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2803:
2781:
2767:
2750:, the third
2725:
2697:supernatural
2686:
2676:
2623:
2610:
2606:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2573:wayang kulit
2569:in Javanese
2528:
2521:
2515:
2469:
2430:
2428:
2319:Culture hero
2163:West African
2101:Proto-Uralic
1943:Californian
1899:Mesopotamian
1833:
1544:Coat of arms
1410:Confucianism
1383:Christianity
1348:
1290:(since 1998)
1287:
939:Arjunawiwaha
911:Tua Pek Kong
830:Wayang menak
825:Wayang panji
820:Wayang purwa
613:Orang Pendek
608:Orang bunian
473:Batara Sambu
305:Batara Sambu
147:
130:
124:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
4398:Batara Kala
4375:Wewe Gombel
4335:Jailangkung
4310:Batara Kala
4305:Babi ngepet
3941:Wewe Gombel
3856:Sawan Sarap
3701:Jailangkung
3571:Babi Ngepet
3566:Asu Panting
3416:Dewi Lanjar
3396:Batara Kala
3391:Batara Guru
3302:portmanteau
3298:Minangkabau
3278:Minangkabau
3256:data sawala
3249:Hana caraka
3141:Java island
3135:beliefs of
3103:Sangkuriang
3080:Parahyangan
2988:the Creator
2984:Puang Matua
2925:Naga Padoha
2921:Naga Padoha
2909:Naga Padoha
2889:Batara Guru
2875:Naga Padoha
2867:Naga Padoha
2828:Batara Guru
2816:Naga Padoha
2666:Minangkabau
2567:Mahabharata
2523:Mahabharata
1918:Algonquian
1904:Micronesian
1797:Anglo-Saxon
1620:Mythologies
1388:Catholicism
1222:Prehistoric
1026:Smaradahana
984:Mahabharata
858:Jailangkung
755:Babi ngepet
733:Wewe Gombel
668:Sangkuriang
648:Raden Panji
628:Penanggalan
598:Na Tuk Kong
553:Jailangkung
503:Dewi Lanjar
483:Calon Arang
468:Batara Kala
463:Batara Guru
325:Dewi Lanjar
300:Batara Kala
295:Batara Guru
257:Sapta Darma
4622:Categories
4514:Lembuswana
4496:Kalimantan
4428:Setesuyara
4330:Keong Emas
4106:2006-09-06
3948:References
3881:Sigulambak
3861:Setan Alas
3771:Kuntilanak
3716:Jerangkong
3491:Orang Bati
3461:Lembuswana
3097:Sundanese
3076:svargaloka
3026:Fumeripits
2941:incestuous
2774:Kaharingan
2740:earthquake
2563:Punakawans
2512:Hindu gods
2352:Euhemerism
2158:Vietnamese
2091:Polynesian
2086:Philippine
2064:Talamancan
1894:Melanesian
1864:Lusitanian
1834:Indonesian
1695:Cantabrian
1660:Lithuanian
1487:Television
1453:Literature
1320:Traditions
713:Sunan Ambu
688:Setesuyara
573:Kuntilanak
568:Keong Emas
508:Dewi Ratih
493:Damarwulan
410:Sunan Ambu
400:Setesuyara
330:Dewi Ratih
227:Kaharingan
148:Indonesian
98:April 2012
68:newspapers
4573:Hainuwele
4519:Pontianak
4320:Genderuwa
3990:Indonesia
3926:Tallu Ana
3851:Sandekala
3746:Kandoleng
3676:Hantu Air
3666:Hanga Igi
3656:Genderuwo
3591:Begu Ture
3556:Anak Sima
3551:Anja Anja
3511:Ratu Adil
3431:Hainuwele
3355:Palembang
3181:volcanoes
3060:Sundanese
2978:, called
2948:Lake Toba
2913:Mula Jadi
2901:Mula Jadi
2882:sacrifice
2871:Mula Jadi
2852:Mula Jadi
2848:Mula Jadi
2844:Mula Jadi
2840:Mula Jadi
2824:Mula Jadi
2744:palm tree
2709:ancestral
2682:ancestors
2497:Sundanese
2384:Symbolism
2324:Folk hero
2224:Creatures
2219:Creations
2043:Puebloan
1927:Blackfoot
1829:Hungarian
1680:Brazilian
1611:Mythology
1512:Monuments
1349:Mythology
1310:Languages
1288:Reformasi
1011:Pararaton
979:La Galigo
906:Ratu Boko
901:Prambanan
896:Mt. Tidar
886:Borobudur
698:Si Pitung
673:Saraswati
658:Ratu Adil
528:Hantu Air
523:Hainuwele
498:Dewi Danu
390:Saraswati
380:Ratu Adil
350:Hainuwele
320:Dewi Danu
150:mythology
4578:O Tokata
4555:Ebu gogo
4529:Sulawesi
4413:Kala Rau
4315:Dewi Sri
4177:29 March
4130:29 March
4063:Archived
3876:Si Belis
3871:Si Baung
3816:Patitong
3811:Parakang
3801:Matianak
3796:Mariaban
3756:Kemamang
3726:Kalimpau
3646:Drubiksa
3626:Den Bisu
3426:Ebu Gogo
3421:Dewi Sri
3381:Antaboga
3219:Scythian
3200:Aji Saka
3157:Mahameru
3133:Javanese
3121:Javanese
3099:folklore
3088:Dewi Sri
2969:Torajans
2836:Soripada
2736:babirusa
2728:Sulawesi
2579:Pandawas
2551:Dewi Sri
2543:kinnaras
2517:Ramayana
2505:Buddhist
2493:Balinese
2489:Javanese
2473:Torajans
2389:Theology
2357:Folklore
2336:See also
2196:National
2186:Creation
2111:Romanian
2071:Ossetian
2059:Selk'nam
2027:Ho-Chunk
1999:Iroquois
1874:Malagasy
1844:Japanese
1782:Frankish
1777:Germanic
1772:Georgian
1757:Etruscan
1752:Estonian
1742:Egyptian
1720:Scottish
1685:Buddhist
1664:Prussian
1637:Armenian
1627:Albanian
1405:Buddhism
1400:Hinduism
1370:Religion
1353:folklore
1217:Timeline
1178:a series
1176:Part of
1082:See also
1064:Funerals
750:Antaboga
618:O Tokata
583:Langsuir
518:Ebu Gogo
513:Dewi Sri
458:Bidadari
453:Aji Saka
335:Dewi Sri
285:Antaboga
242:Parmalim
154:folklore
4583:Suanggi
4481:Cindaku
4461:Pelesit
4443:Sumatra
4340:Jenglot
4285:Kejawèn
3896:Suanggi
3891:Si Sato
3886:Siluman
3761:Kiciwis
3711:Jenglot
3631:Dhengen
3616:Cinunuk
3561:Aru-Aru
3451:Kinnara
3411:Cindaku
3361:Deities
3243:pangram
3111:Bandung
2976:animism
2943:union.
2778:animism
2717:Kejawen
2654:Sumatra
2628:to the
2615:Bathala
2603:devatas
2559:Lakshmi
2539:apsaras
2531:devatas
2447:deities
2274:Sources
2259:Objects
2247:Culture
2243:Heroes
2229:Deities
2148:Tibetan
2081:Persian
1979:Guarani
1969:Choctaw
1964:Chilote
1922:Abenaki
1859:Lugbara
1839:Italian
1824:Hittite
1814:Guanche
1762:Finnish
1747:English
1732:Chinese
1710:Cornish
1690:Catalan
1656:Latvian
1632:Arabian
1532:Symbols
1415:Judaism
1360:Cuisine
1207:History
1070:Tau tau
1058:Rencong
1016:Pustaha
790:Taksaka
780:Hanoman
744:Animals
708:Suanggi
653:Raksasa
623:Pelesit
558:Jenglot
443:Acintya
375:Raksasa
355:Hanoman
275:Acintya
269:Deities
232:Kejawèn
82:scholar
4565:Maluku
4509:Kuyang
4433:Twalen
4423:Rangda
4393:Barong
4350:Pocong
4153:
4041:
3931:Tetelo
3906:Suluah
3866:Siampa
3846:Rangda
3841:Rabing
3821:Pocong
3791:Longga
3781:Lampor
3776:Kuyang
3751:Keblek
3696:Inyiak
3691:Homang
3651:Gebluk
3611:Cibbiu
3533:Demons
3446:Garuda
3386:Barong
3306:minang
3208:denawa
3189:Semeru
3173:Brahma
3169:turtle
3165:Vishnu
3153:Vishnu
3149:Brahma
3084:hyangs
2958:Toraja
2860:Asiasi
2856:Asiasi
2813:dragon
2782:kamang
2752:avatar
2748:Varaha
2730:, the
2719:, and
2705:divine
2701:Hyangs
2650:angels
2642:demons
2638:devils
2619:Diwata
2611:Batari
2607:Batara
2599:dewata
2553:, and
2535:asuras
2485:Dayaks
2481:Bataks
2443:demons
2269:Places
2239:Floods
2201:Origin
2168:Yoruba
2153:Turkic
2131:Talysh
2126:Somali
2121:Slavic
2076:Papuan
2037:Pawnee
2032:Lakota
2009:Muisca
1952:Ohlone
1932:Lenape
1909:Mongol
1889:Meitei
1869:Maasai
1854:Korean
1802:Gothic
1767:French
1705:Breton
1700:Celtic
1670:Basque
1652:Baltic
1647:Berber
1492:Cinema
1303:People
1180:on the
1053:Kujang
891:Kraton
868:Ziarah
863:Pawang
797:Rangda
775:Garuda
770:Ganesa
760:Barong
728:Twalen
638:Pocong
633:Petruk
578:Kuyang
478:Brahma
437:Beings
345:Garuda
340:Ganesa
310:Brahma
290:Barong
247:Pemena
237:Marapu
126:Wayang
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
4593:Papua
4504:Hudoq
4486:Cigau
4418:Leyak
4408:Hyang
4365:Tuyul
4355:Semar
4325:Hyang
4281:Hantu
3936:Tuyul
3901:Suluh
3741:Kambe
3671:Hantu
3641:Dompe
3466:Nabau
3441:Hyang
3436:Hudoq
3406:Cigau
3376:Ahool
3371:Allah
3331:Malay
3320:Malay
3310:kabau
3215:India
3193:Shiva
3161:India
3145:Shiva
3072:Indra
3068:Shiva
3044:Sunda
3034:Papua
3030:Asmat
3014:Asmat
2806:Batak
2788:Batak
2770:Dayak
2758:Dayak
2738:. An
2732:earth
2658:Malay
2646:jinns
2626:Islam
2587:devas
2547:Semar
2501:Hindu
2458:, or
2456:Islam
2452:Hindu
2362:Epics
2314:Twins
2292:Deity
2264:Pairs
2213:Lists
2191:Flood
2180:Types
2106:Roman
1994:Inuit
1984:Haida
1974:Creek
1959:Chaná
1947:Miwok
1939:Aztec
1884:Mbuti
1879:Māori
1849:Kongo
1819:Hindu
1809:Greek
1792:Norse
1725:Welsh
1715:Irish
1675:Bantu
1503:Sport
1482:Radio
1474:Media
1460:Music
1378:Islam
1088:Hantu
916:Turgo
853:Dukun
848:Bomoh
765:Burak
738:Wisnu
723:Tuyul
683:Semar
548:Ifrit
543:Hudoq
538:Hyang
420:Wisnu
365:Hyang
360:Hudoq
89:JSTOR
75:books
4385:Bali
4297:Java
4261:Adat
4179:2012
4151:ISBN
4132:2012
4039:ISBN
3786:Leak
3177:naga
3151:and
3131:The
3038:tifa
2992:aluk
2980:aluk
2834:and
2804:The
2768:The
2693:Bali
2691:and
2689:Java
2664:and
2662:Aceh
2648:and
2617:and
2595:devi
2591:dewi
2583:dewa
2520:and
2495:and
2477:Nias
2429:The
2302:Type
2252:Folk
2141:Thai
2116:Sámi
2052:Zuni
2047:Hopi
2004:Maya
1989:Inca
1737:Efik
1539:Flag
1462:and
1351:and
1048:Kris
785:Naga
703:Siwa
588:Leak
448:Agni
405:Siwa
280:Agni
222:Iban
177:Adat
152:and
61:news
3721:Jin
3353:in
3304:of
2707:or
2597:),
2589:),
2445:or
2136:Tai
1429:Art
563:Jin
44:by
4624::
4287:•
4283:•
4279:•
4275:•
4271:•
4267:•
4263:•
4094:.
3997:^
3955:^
3545:.
3316:.
3195:.
2986:,
2891:,
2830:,
2723:.
2715:,
2660:,
2656:,
2644:,
2640:,
2632:,
2621:.
2549:,
2537:,
2533:,
2491:,
2483:,
2479:,
2475:,
2462:.
2454:,
1662:-
1658:-
4237:e
4230:t
4223:v
4181:.
4159:.
4134:.
4109:.
4047:.
2601:(
2593:(
2585:(
2503:-
2418:e
2411:t
2404:v
1666:)
1654:(
1596:e
1589:t
1582:v
1162:e
1155:t
1148:v
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
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