17:
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81:
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for MARSIS to work; a less crucial 7-meter-long monopole antenna was deployed on June 17. The radar booms were originally scheduled to be deployed in April 2004, but this was delayed out of fear that the deployment could damage the spacecraft through a whiplash effect. Due to the delay it was
225:
Flamini, E.; Fois, F.; Calabrese, D.; Bombaci, O.; Catallo, C.; Croce, A.; Croci, R.; Guelfi, M.; Zampolini, E.; Picardi, G.; Seu, R.; Mecozzi, R.; Biccari, D.; Cartacci, M.; Cicchetti, A.; Masdea, A.; Alberti, G.; Maffei, S.; Papa, C. (2007). "Sounding Mars with SHARAD & MARSIS".
107:
booms for the MARSIS experiment. At first the boom didn't lock fully into place; however, exposing it to sunlight for a few minutes on May 10 fixed the glitch. The second 20 m boom was successfully deployed on June 14. Both 20 m booms were needed to create a 40 m
289:
Due to severe limitations on the available mass, the antennas are of a novel design, each consisting of a folding composite tube that supports a pair of wires constituting the conductive element of the antenna. The antennas are deployed by pyrotechnic release
1984:
128:
between 1.8 and 5.0 MHz in subsurface sounding mode, with a 1 MHz bandwidth. It also emits chirps sweeping between 0.1 and 5.4 MHz when ionosphere sounding. Depending on the mode, the pulsewidth is 30, 91 or 250 μs, and the nominal
514:"A Watery Lake Is Detected on Mars, Raising the Potential for Alien Life - The discovery suggests that watery conditions beneath the icy southern polar cap may have provided one of the critical building blocks for life on the red planet"
599:
143:
of the northern and southern high-latitude regions. This is evidence that the material that fills the northern basin is a lower-density material, which could be interpreted as evidence of an ancient northern ocean.
863:
1363:
823:
625:
401:
Jérémie
Mouginot, Antoine Pommerol, Pierre Beck, Wlodek Kofman and Stephen M. Clifford, "Dielectric map of the Martian northern hemisphere and the nature of plain filling materials,"
2104:
1181:
116:
The deployment of the booms was a critical and highly complex task, requiring effective inter-agency cooperation between ESA, NASA, industry partners, and public
Universities.
1535:
816:
2025:
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1720:
1392:
1131:
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809:
1725:
39:
developed by the
University of Rome La Sapienza and Alenia Spazio (today Thales Alenia Space Italy). The Italian MARSIS instrument, which is operated by the
2463:
2412:
1252:
962:
600:"Science results from the MARSIS and SHARAD subsurface sounding radars on Mars and their relevance to radar sounding of icy moons in the Jovian system"
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113:
decided to split the four-week commissioning phase in two parts, with two weeks running up to July 4 and another two weeks in
December 2005.
64:
technique and a secondary receiving antenna to isolate subsurface reflections. MARSIS identified buried basins on Mars. MARSIS was funded by
195:, The Mars SHAllow RADar sounder (SHARAD) radar (20 MHz) on the later launched Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter complements MARSIS capabilities.
2614:
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189:, Radar for Icy Moons Exploration (RIME) is a orbiting low frequency radar sounder and altimeter for Jupiter's Icy moons
201:, The Tianwen-1 mission plans an Orbiter Subsurface Radar (OSR) and rover based Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) for Mars
1460:
1317:
80:
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56:
The MARSIS Principal
Investigator is Giovanni Picardi from the University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy. It features
2402:
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130:
69:
207:, Water Ice and Subsurface Deposit Observation on Mars (WISDOM) is a ground-penetrating radar on the ExoMars rover
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57:
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40:
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183:, Lunar radar sounder (LRS) is a orbiting low frequency radar sounder and altimeter over Earth's Moon
65:
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Size of the MARSIS antenna (horizontal line) compared to the spacecraft and a human silhouette
125:
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472:
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159:, and extending horizontally about 20 km (12 mi), the first known stable body of
1897:
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790:
569:
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602:, EPSC2010-726, European Planetary Science Congress 2010, Vol. 5 (accessed Nov. 17 2014)
468:
1842:
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2010:
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44:
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Using MARSIS data, 22 Italian scientists reported in July 2018 the discovery of a
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989:
984:
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903:
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166:
36:
494:
424:"Has Mars Express MARSIS data proved that Mars once had a northern ocean?"
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1145:
967:
873:
868:
228:
2007 4th
International Workshop on, Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar
192:
180:
541:"Huge reservoir of liquid water detected under the surface of Mars"
459:
1825:
1761:
1267:
165:
139:
A 2012 paper by the MARSIS team measured a difference between the
104:
79:
32:
1646:
1272:
950:
152:
805:
639:
635:
133:
is 130 Hz. Transmitted power is either 1.5 or 5 W.
735:(Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding)
426:
Planetary
Society, February 7, 2012 (accessed Nov. 17 2014)
20:
Illustration of Mars
Express with MARSIS antenna deployed
136:
Nominal science observations began during July 2005.
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616:
ESA - MARSIS Finds Buried Basins in Chryse
Planitia
438:"Radar evidence of subglacial liquid water on Mars"
374:
Mars
Express's kinky radar straightened out - space
124:MARSIS transmits a series of modulated chirps at
832:Science instruments on satellites and spacecraft
358:Glitch strikes Mars Express's radar boom - space
817:
651:
303:MARSIS FINDS BURIED BASINS IN CHRYSE PLANITIA
268:"MARSIS: Subsurface Sounding Radar/Altimeter"
8:
279:
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103:deployed the first of its two 20-metre-long
31:Sounding) is a low frequency, pulse-limited
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2015:
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621:ESA - Buried Basins in Northern Lowlands
436:Orosei, R.; et al. (25 July 2018).
27:(Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and
15:
217:
155:, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) below the
68:and NASA (USA). The processor runs the
570:"Liquid water 'lake' revealed on Mars"
7:
270:. www.esa.int. ESA. 25 October 2017.
2615:Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter
14:
317:Buried Basins Discovered by Radar
43:, is operational and orbits Mars
710:
403:Geophysical Research Letters, 39
391:Mars Express radar ready to work
2584:International Lunar Observatory
1395:(TRMM, Terra, Aura, Suomi NPP,
739:Planetary Fourier Spectrometer
1:
2530:High Resolution Stereo Camera
727:High Resolution Stereo Camera
568:Halton, Mary (25 July 2018).
285:"MARSIS instrument home page"
330:Calabrese, D. (2003-12-16).
1461:Radiation Budget Instrument
747:(VMC, e.g Mars Webcam (MW))
626:buried basins and ice - eSA
332:"MARSIS Flight User Manual"
2672:
1787:Infrared Space Observatory
131:Pulse repetition frequency
70:real-time operating system
781:
708:
60:capabilities, which uses
2610:Inertial Stellar Compass
1975:Raman Laser Spectrometer
745:Visual Monitoring Camera
236:10.1109/AGPR.2007.386561
91:Site of Subglacial Water
58:ground-penetrating radar
2605:Deep Space Atomic Clock
1864:Venus Emissivity Mapper
478:10.1126/science.aar7268
413:) accessed Nov. 17 2014
2641:Spacecraft instruments
774:(Comet orbiter/lander)
405:, No. 2, 19 Jan 2012 (
171:
157:southern polar ice cap
96:
21:
2620:Plasma Wave Subsystem
1731:Multispectral Scanner
1055:Pioneer Venus Orbiter
859:Pioneer Venus Orbiter
786:European Space Agency
169:
83:
53:exploration mission.
41:European Space Agency
19:
1588:Mars Climate Orbiter
1230:RM-08 and MTVZA-OK (
631:NASA - buried basins
230:. pp. 246–251.
2646:Geophysical imaging
2545:Mars Orbiter Camera
469:2018Sci...361..490O
141:dielectric constant
2523:Imagers/telescopes
1671:Spectrophotometers
755:Related spacecraft
519:The New York Times
422:Emily Lakdawalla,
172:
97:
62:synthetic aperture
22:
2628:
2627:
2565:Rosalind Franklin
2487:
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2474:Rosalind Franklin
2449:Mass spectrometer
2443:
2442:
2379:Rosalind Franklin
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2120:Triaxial fluxgate
2005:
2004:
2001:
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1979:Rosalind Franklin
1954:
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1878:UV-visible (UVVS)
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1768:Rosalind Franklin
1706:Visible-IR (VIRS)
1700:
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1152:DMSP 5D-2/F13-F15
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453:(6401): 490–493.
245:978-1-4244-0886-3
2663:
2466:(Europa Clipper)
2454:
2415:(on ExoMars TGO)
2365:
2359:Neutral particle
2281:
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2111:(Europa Clipper)
2016:
1965:
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512:(25 July 2018).
508:Chang, Kenneth;
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99:On May 4, 2005,
72:EONIC Virtuoso.
45:as an instrument
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2250:Cassini–Huygens
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2152:Cassini–Huygens
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1997:
1950:
1898:Mariner 6 and 7
1868:
1814:Mariner 6 and 7
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1678:Long wavelength
1658:
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1546:Mariner 6 and 7
1493:
1422:MESSR and VTIR
1336:
1306:Electra (radio)
1300:Cassini-Huygens
1287:
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940:Cassini–Huygens
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846:Cassini–Huygens
833:
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791:Open University
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766:(Venus orbiter)
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510:Overbye, Dennis
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380:, May 12, 2005
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610:External links
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549:. 25 July 2018
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411:article at UCI
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205:WISDOM (radar)
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110:dipole antenna
94:(25 July 2018)
84:
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47:for the ESA's
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2398:
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2396:Venus Express
2393:ASPERA-4 (on
2392:
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2384:ASPERA-3 (on
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2303:
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2297:
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2282:
2279:
2277:Ion detectors
2275:
2272:
2266:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
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2205:
2204:
2203:Venus Express
2200:
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2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2008:
1993:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1976:
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1966:
1963:
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1947:
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1471:
1468:
1464:
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1445:
1443:(Terra, Aqua)
1442:
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1429:
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1199:
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1160:
1158:
1157:DMSP 5D-2/F16
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1118:
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1099:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1086:
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1080:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
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1066:Venus Express
1063:
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949:
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929:
927:
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924:Radio science
921:
915:
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905:
902:
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897:
895:
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890:
887:
885:
882:
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808:
807:
804:
792:
789:
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783:
780:
773:
772:
768:
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764:
763:Venus Express
760:
759:
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619:
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614:
613:
609:
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592:
589:
577:
576:
571:
564:
561:
548:
547:
542:
536:
533:
521:
520:
515:
511:
504:
501:
496:
492:
488:
487:11573/1148029
484:
479:
474:
470:
466:
461:
456:
452:
448:
447:
439:
432:
429:
425:
419:
416:
412:
408:
404:
398:
395:
392:
386:
383:
379:
378:New Scientist
375:
370:
367:
364:, May 9, 2005
363:
362:New Scientist
359:
354:
351:
340:
333:
326:
323:
320:
318:
312:
309:
306:
304:
298:
295:
291:
286:
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269:
263:
260:
255:
251:
247:
241:
237:
233:
229:
221:
218:
211:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
174:
168:
164:
162:
161:water on Mars
158:
154:
150:
145:
142:
137:
134:
132:
127:
119:
117:
114:
111:
106:
102:
92:
88:
82:
75:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
52:
51:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
18:
2656:Space radars
2651:Mars Express
2575:Astronomical
2564:
2561:MicrOmega-IR
2511:
2504:
2501:(on InSight)
2492:Seismometers
2473:
2432:
2418:
2406:
2394:
2387:Mars Express
2385:
2378:
2342:
2248:
2218:Helium vapor
2201:
2194:
2187:
2150:
2096:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2011:Magnetometer
1990:Perseverance
1989:
1978:
1943:
1936:
1909:
1902:
1818:
1796:
1792:
1767:
1610:
1603:
1579:
1572:
1550:
1507:Schiaparelli
1505:
1504:COMARS+ (on
1419:Kanopus-V-IK
1329:
1321:
1310:
1298:
1083:
1076:
1064:
1047:
1040:
1028:
1021:
1016:Mars Express
1014:
972:
955:
938:
931:
878:
851:
844:
769:
761:
732:
694:
684:Mars Express
682:
668:Mars Express
666:
596:
591:
579:. Retrieved
573:
563:
551:. Retrieved
544:
535:
523:. Retrieved
517:
503:
450:
444:
431:
418:
402:
397:
389:ESA Portal,
385:
377:
369:
361:
353:
342:. Retrieved
339:esac.esa.int
338:
325:
316:
311:
302:
297:
288:
262:
227:
220:
146:
138:
135:
123:
115:
101:Mars Express
100:
98:
55:
50:Mars Express
48:
35:sounder and
24:
23:
2577:instruments
2554:Microscopes
1220:Meteor-M2-1
1209:Meteor-3M-1
720:Instruments
290:mechanisms.
126:frequencies
66:ASI (Italy)
2635:Categories
2284:Near-Earth
2226:Near-Earth
2196:Pioneer 11
2128:Near-Earth
2066:Pioneer 10
2019:Near-Earth
1904:Mariner 10
1714:Near-Earth
1633:Near-Earth
1586:PMIRR (on
1574:Pioneer 10
1552:Mariner 10
1474:Sentinel-3
1352:Near-Earth
1243:Sentinel-3
1214:MTVZA-GYa
1177:Kanopus-ST
1126:Sentinel-6
1113:Near-Earth
1096:Radiometer
946:Europa-UVS
676:Spacecraft
595:R. Orosei
546:EurekAlert
460:2004.04587
344:2022-06-25
212:References
76:Deployment
29:Ionosphere
2589:MoonLIGHT
2427:Mariner 2
2407:Curiosity
2333:Mariner 2
2270:detectors
2189:MESSENGER
2168:Mariner 2
2080:Voyager 1
1938:Voyager 1
1911:MESSENGER
1820:MESSENGER
1805:(on Juno)
1793:Voyager 1
1736:SCIAMACHY
1605:Voyager 1
1568:2M No.522
1563:2M No.521
1484:Suomi NPP
1312:Mariner 2
1217:Meteor-M2
1204:, MOS-1b)
1105:Microwave
1078:Voyager 1
1036:Pioneer 7
1023:MESSENGER
980:Mariner 2
199:Tianwen-1
87:SouthPole
37:altimeter
2506:Viking 1
2425:SPS (on
2375:ADRON-RM
2361:detector
2328:ASPERA-4
2323:ASPERA-3
2268:Particle
2031:QuakeSat
1831:E-THEMIS
1594:Venera 9
1436:Meteor-2
1414:ADEOS II
1226:Nimbus 7
1172:GPM Core
1139:ADEOS II
1072:Venera 9
1060:Sakigake
974:Magellan
933:Akatsuki
884:Venera 4
853:Magellan
696:Beagle 2
575:BBC News
495:30045881
407:abstract
305:Dec 2006
254:25906305
175:See also
2434:Ulysses
2344:Ulysses
2305:Proba-2
2291:DEMETER
2042:Proba-2
2033:1 and 2
1985:SHERLOC
1775:MA-MISS
1652:Proba-2
1558:Mars 96
1541:Luna 13
1528:InSight
1514:Diviner
1488:NOAA-21
1472:SLSTR (
1397:NOAA-20
1388:AVNIR-2
1331:Rosetta
1283:Zond-PP
1232:Sich-1M
1207:MTVZA (
1167:Envisat
1146:Shizuku
1144:AMSR2 (
1124:AMR-C (
963:InSight
957:Galileo
771:Rosetta
689:orbiter
597:et al.,
581:25 July
553:25 July
525:25 July
465:Bibcode
446:Science
319:Undated
120:Science
2567:rover)
2535:HiRISE
2476:rover)
2464:MASPEX
2420:Nozomi
2381:rover)
2163:Magsat
2158:FIELDS
2105:ICEMAG
2060:FIELDS
1981:rover)
1927:SPICAV
1922:SPICAM
1859:SPICAV
1854:SPICAM
1791:IRIS (
1641:EURECA
1467:GCOM-C
1465:SGLI (
1455:EURECA
1448:JERS-1
1238:Seasat
1191:MOPITT
1137:AMSR (
1134:(AQUA)
1132:AMSR-E
1030:Nozomi
968:Kaguya
914:WISDOM
879:MARSIS
874:SHARAD
869:SELENE
864:REASON
733:MARSIS
729:(HRSC)
701:lander
493:
252:
242:
193:SHARAD
25:MARSIS
2540:LORRI
2413:FREND
2233:Swarm
2135:Swarm
1992:rover
1960:Raman
1917:NOMAD
1893:Alice
1849:Ralph
1826:MERIS
1803:JIRAM
1770:rover
1762:AKARI
1639:ORI (
1480:VIIRS
1453:ORI (
1446:OPS (
1441:MODIS
1426:MOS-1
1412:GLI (
1393:CERES
1383:AVNIR
1372:Terra
1364:ASTER
1359:AVHRR
1278:WSF-M
1268:SSMIS
1263:SSM/I
1202:MOS-1
1200:MSR (
1195:Terra
1182:MIRAS
838:Radar
741:(PFS)
455:arXiv
441:(PDF)
335:(PDF)
250:S2CID
105:radar
85:Mars
33:radar
2598:Misc
2499:SEIS
2470:MOMA
2405:(on
2300:DSLP
2298:and
2296:TPMU
2109:PIMS
2107:and
2098:Juno
2037:SGVM
2026:GOES
1841:(on
1839:SUDA
1835:MISE
1795:and
1780:ISEM
1746:TRMM
1726:MOMS
1721:CASE
1647:LYRA
1536:IRIS
1526:(on
1516:(on
1408:ERSS
1403:ERBS
1378:AIRS
1368:MISR
1323:Juno
1273:TRMM
1258:SMOS
1253:SMMR
1248:SMAP
1187:MISR
1162:ERSS
1120:AQUA
1000:6, 7
583:2018
555:2018
527:2018
491:PMID
240:ISBN
187:RIME
153:Mars
2403:DAN
2338:SPS
2093:MAG
1932:UVS
1741:TES
1692:ISO
1524:HP3
1518:LRO
1318:MWR
483:hdl
473:doi
451:361
232:doi
181:LRS
151:on
2637::
2183:10
2073:11
1837:,
1833:,
1599:10
1581:11
1486:,
1430:1b
1366:,
1189:,
1049:11
1042:10
1010:10
909:16
904:15
899:10
572:.
543:.
516:.
489:.
481:.
471:.
463:.
449:.
443:.
409:)(
376:,
360:,
337:.
287:.
276:^
248:.
238:.
163:.
2563:(
2513:2
2472:(
2429:)
2409:)
2399:)
2390:)
2377:(
2178:5
2173:4
2101:)
2095:(
2087:2
1994:)
1987:(
1977:(
1945:2
1845:)
1809:M
1799:)
1797:2
1643:)
1612:2
1590:)
1530:)
1520:)
1510:)
1490:)
1482:(
1476:)
1469:)
1457:)
1450:)
1416:)
1399:)
1374:)
1370:(
1326:)
1320:(
1234:)
1211:)
1197:)
1193:(
1148:)
1141:)
1128:)
1085:2
1005:9
995:5
990:4
985:3
894:9
889:8
825:e
818:t
811:v
703:)
699:(
691:)
687:(
659:e
652:t
645:v
585:.
557:.
529:.
497:.
485::
475::
467::
457::
347:.
256:.
234::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
