Master of Business Administration

1266:, two business schools offer an accredited MBA degree (AACSB, AMBA, or EQUIS). The concept of an MBA is still not considered mainstream as traditional companies still perceive that knowledge and learning with respect to business and management can only be effectively gained through experience and not within a classroom. In fact, some companies have been known to place recent MBA recipients in unrelated fields, or try to re-acclimate their Japanese employees who have spent years overseas earning the degree. As a consequence, academic institutions in Japan are attempting to reinvent the perception of the MBA degree, by taking into account the local corporate culture. 461:(GRE) is also accepted by almost all MBA programs in order to fulfill any entrance exam requirement they may have. Some schools do not weigh entrance exam scores as heavily as other criteria, and some programs do not require entrance exam scores for admission. In order to achieve a diverse class, business schools also consider the target male-female ratio and local-international student ratios. In rare cases, some MBA degrees do not require students to have an undergraduate degree and will accept significant management experience in lieu of an undergraduate degree. In the UK, for example, a 2038:

individualized to the needs of each prospective student. National publications have recognized the value of rankings against different criteria and now offer lists ranked different ways: by salary, GMAT score of students, selectivity, and so forth. While useful, these rankings have yet to meet the critique that rankings are not tailored to individual needs, that they use an incomplete population of schools, may fail to distinguish between the different MBA program types offered by each school, or rely on subjective interviews.

1800:, 42 Australian business schools offer the MBA degree (16 are AACSB, AMBA or EQUIS accredited). Universities differentiate themselves by gaining international accreditation and focusing on national and international rankings. Most MBAs are one to two years full-time. There is little use of GMAT, and instead, each educational institution specifies its own requirements, which normally entails several years of management-level work experience as well as proven academic skills. 450:, academic transcripts, entrance exam scores (for example, the GMAT or the GRE test score), a résumé containing significant work experience, essays, letters of recommendation, group discussions, and personal interviews. Some schools are also interested in extracurricular activities, community service activities, or volunteer work and how the student can improve the school's diversity and contribute to the student body as a whole. 6078: 1753:, where there are now about twenty schools of business offering a variety of MBA programs. Three of these are subsidiaries of European schools of business, while the remaining institutions are independent. Ukrainian MBA programs are concentrated mainly on particulars of business and management in Ukraine. For example, 2/3 of all case studies are based on real conditions of Ukrainian companies. 2055:, graduates had reportedly tended to go into finance after receiving their degrees. As financial professionals are widely seen as responsible for the global economic meltdown, anecdotal evidence suggests new graduates are choosing different career paths. Deans at top business schools have also acknowledged that media and public perception of the MBA degree shifted as a result of the 5232: 411:, etc.) to let students cut costs (dual programs usually cost less than pursuing two degrees separately), save time on education and to tailor the business education courses to their needs. This is generally achieved by allowing core courses of one program to count as electives in the other. Some business schools offer programs in which students can earn both a 360:

profit, nonprofit, government – representing a variety of industries. EMBA students typically have a higher level of work experience, often 10 years or more, compared to other MBA students. In response to the increasing number of EMBA programs offered, The Executive MBA Council was formed in 1981 to advance executive education.

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to develop their competitiveness in the global MBA market. Korea University Business School topped the evaluation of BK21 professional business graduate schools for six consecutive years. In the meantime, only two universities in Korea ranked in the "2015 Global Top 100 Executive MBA (EMBA) Rankings" conducted by UK

1545:, the first meeting of the Association of the Czech MBA Schools (CAMBAS) was held in January 1999. The association is housed within the Centre for Doctoral and Managerial Studies of UEP, Prague. All of the founding members of the association to have their MBA programs accredited by partner institutions in the 1529:). State-run universities have no accreditation requirements, however, some of them voluntarily undergo accreditation procedures by independent bodies. There are also MBA programs of non-academic business schools, who are entitled by the Austrian government to offer these programs until the end of 2012 ( 1451:, which opened in 1965 but did not offer an MBA until 1967. Both of these were two year courses, despite Franks' recommendation to pursue one-year master's degrees, and were initially called MScs rather than MBAs. The first course to actually bear the title of MBA was the 12-month course launched by the 130:’s theory of scientific management. The number of MBA students at Harvard increased quickly, from 80 in 1908, over 300 in 1920, and 1,070 in 1930. At this time, only American universities offered MBAs, although business schools offering other qualifications had existed in Europe since the 18th century. 1497:

was established in Britain in 1967 as the Business Graduates Association. It started accrediting British MBAs in 1983, expanding this to cover international schools and distance learning MBAs in 1990. Twelve UK business schools formed the Conference of University Management Schools (now the Chartered

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There are now more than 50 business schools in Bangladesh offering the MBA, predominantly targeting graduates without any work experience. Most MBAs are two years full-time. Sensibly there is little use of GMAT. The Business Schools conduct their own admission tests instead although the rationale for

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With these as underpin, the course then covers the core management functions, and, in turn, allows students to select from further advanced topics as appropriate. Some programs treat the curricula here in two parts: the first course provides an overview, while the second revisits the subject in-depth

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is also a common degree requirement. "Strategy" may be offered as a sequence of courses, beginning in the first part (formulation) and culminating in the second (execution), or as a single intensive course, offered during the second part. Some programs offer a specialization in "strategy", others in

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can provide basic coaching including help with program selection, mock interviews, and essay proofreading, though some will provide other services like writing essays from scratch. The use of consulting services is frowned upon by many business schools' admissions committees, and applications can be

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Part-time MBA programs normally hold classes on weekday evenings after normal working hours, or on weekends. Part-time programs normally last three years or more. The students in these programs typically consist of working professionals, who take a light course load for a longer period of time until

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Rankings tend to concentrate on representing MBA schools themselves, but some schools offer MBA programs of different qualities and yet the ranking will only rely upon information from the full-time program (e.g., a school may use highly reputable faculty to teach a daytime program, but use adjunct

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Korean universities offer full-time and part-time MBA programs that usually consist of a two-year curriculum. The first MBA program was offered in 1963 by Korea University Business School (KUBS). In 2007, the Korean Government established "BK21," a project that supports Korean universities in order

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In 1990, the Academic Degrees Office of the State Council formally approved the establishment of MBA degrees and piloted MBA education. In 1991, the Academic Degrees Office of the State Council approved 9 domestic colleges and universities to carry out MBA education pilot work. Since then, mainland

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Accelerated MBA programs are a variation of the two-year programs. They involve a higher course load with more intense class and examination schedules and are usually condensed into one year. They usually have less downtime during the program and between semesters. For example, there is no three to

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Full-time MBA programs normally take place over two academic years (i.e. approximately 18 months of term time). For example, in the Northern Hemisphere, they often begin in late August or early September of year one and continue until May or June of year two, with a three to four-month summer break

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incorporates responses from deans, program directors, and senior faculty about the academic quality of their programs as well as the opinions of hiring professionals. The ranking is calculated through a weighted formula of quality assessment (40%), placement success (35%), and student selectivity

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considers only the return of investment five years after graduation. MBA alumni are asked about their salary, the tuition fees of their MBA program, and other direct costs as well as opportunity costs involved. Based on this data, a final "5-year gain" is calculated and determines the MBA ranking

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In general, MBA programs are structured around core courses - an essentially standard curriculum - and elective courses that may allow for a subject specialty or concentration. Thus, in the program's first year (or part), students acquire both a working knowledge of management functions and the

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regimen focused on the fundamentals of business. In the past, Mini-MBA programs have typically been offered as non-credit bearing courses that require less than 100 hours of total learning. However, due to the criticisms of these certificates, many schools have now shifted their programs to offer

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course is increasingly included as a core functional course rather than an elective. Ethics training is often delivered with coursework in corporate social responsibility and corporate governance. Note that - generally - courses here, although technical in scope, are, ultimately, oriented toward

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One study found that ranking MBA programs by a combination of graduates' starting salaries and average student GMAT score can approximately duplicate the top 20 list of the national publications, and concluded that a truly objective ranking would use objective measures of program quality and be

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Executive (part-time) MBA (EMBA) programs developed to meet the educational needs of managers and executives, allowing students to earn an MBA (or another business-related graduate degree) in two years or less while working full-time. Participants come from every type and size of organization –

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courses for full credit so that they may be applied towards a complete traditional MBA degree. This is to allow students to verify business-related coursework for employment purposes and still allow the option to complete a full-time MBA degree program at a later period if they elect to do so.

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Evening (second shift) MBA programs are full-time programs that normally hold classes on weekday evenings, after normal working hours, or on weekends for a duration of two years. The students in these programs typically consist of working professionals, who can not leave their work to pursue a

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offer an MBA as full-time, part-time, and executive education programs. Some business schools offer MBA programs with specializations such as Finance and Healthcare, technology management, and others. As a country with four different national languages (German, French, Italian, and Romansh),

1232:, MBA degree is a 2-year postgraduate qualification designed to equip students with advanced business skills and knowledge. It typically covers a wide range of subjects including finance, marketing, human resources, operations, and strategy. One can get MBA degree offline as well as offline. 906:

and the long-term positioning and management of the entity as a whole. Here, the key functional areas are thus synthesized to an overall view; the strategy course depicts how the various sub-disciplines integrate to tell one continuous story, with each discipline complementing the others.

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Full-time executive MBA programs are a new category of full-time one year MBA programs aimed at professionals with approximately five years or more. They are primarily offered in countries like India where the two-year MBA program is targeted at fresh graduates with no experience or minimal

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For Executive MBA programs, the core curriculum is generally similar, but may seek to leverage the strengths associated with the more seasoned and professional profile of the student body, emphasizing leadership, and drawing more from the specific experience of the individual students.

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in between years one and two. Students enter with a reasonable amount of prior real-world work experience and take classes during weekdays like other university students. A typical full-time, accelerated, part-time, or modular MBA requires 60 credits (600 class hours) of graduate work.

1951:, surveys both business schools (80%) and students and recent graduates (20%). Ranking criteria include GMAT scores, employment and salary statistics, class options, and student body demographics. The Economist withdrew from the MBA rankings business after releasing its 2022 ranking. 480:

have been increasingly used by prospective MBA applicants to improve their chances of admission. They are most common in the U.S., with as many as one-quarter of applicants using these services in 2016, though they have been gaining popularity elsewhere, including India and Canada.

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or MBA program accreditation by external agencies provides students and employers with an independent view of the school or program's quality, as well as whether the curriculum meets specific quality standards. Currently the three major accrediting bodies in the United States are:

972:. Another prominent option for comprehensive exit exams is the Common Professional Component Comprehensive Exam for MBAs (CPC COMP Exam for MBAs) owned by Peregrine Academic Services. Many programs choose to administer their own in-house exam rather than a standardized test. 947:

orientation, these may be practically oriented. Most MBA programs require additional course work in research methodology, preceding the dissertation or project. Some programs allow that the research component as a whole may be substituted with additional elective coursework.

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hurt by looking like they were written with a consultant, such as by having a high level of writing compared to the candidate's speech or not appearing unique. Some also express concern that they give an unfair advantage to students who can afford the services' high costs.

1854:(1967–1997) did not disclose criteria or ranking methods, and these reports were criticized for reporting statistically impossible data, such as no ties among schools, narrow gaps in scores with no variation in gap widths, and ranks of nonexistent departments. In 1977 1930:

coursework made available to students (20%), amount of student exposure to relevant material (25%), amount of coursework focused on stewardship by for-profit corporations (30%), and relevant faculty research (25%). The 2011 survey and ranking include data from 150

229:. Of these, AMBA offers programmatic accreditation for MBAs and other graduate degrees, while the others take a broader view, offering accreditation of the school rather than the MBA program (EFMD also offers programmatic accreditation, separately from EQUIS). 1649:(Higher Education Framework Act), a German federal law regulating higher education including the types of degrees offered, was modified to permit German universities to offer master's degrees. The traditional German degree in business administration was the 1593:

but use the same English title "Master of Business Administration" as the ones awarded by business schools. Both degrees are recognized as higher education degrees in Finland, yet only the business school graduates are typically referred as "masters".

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An MBA prepares individuals for many types of careers. According to a survey by the Graduate Management Admissions Council, 64% of year 2012 MBA graduates used their MBA to change careers. Some of the more common jobs an MBA prepares one for include:

189:, which organizes the main business schools in the United States to study and explore the possibilities of developing management education projects in Latin America. Thus, on July 25, 1963, la Escuela de Administración de Negocios para Graduados- 822:

separately or in one hybrid course. Financial accounting deals mainly in the interpretation (and preparation) of financial statements while management accounting deals mainly in the analysis of internal results. The economics course covers

1704:. Some of these are run as partnerships with European, American, or Canadian Universities. Others rely on their own faculty and enrich their courses by inviting visiting lecturers. Several MBA programs in Poland are also offered in English. 1997:, which stopped ranking full-time MBA programs in 2007, based its rankings on skill and behavioral development that may predict career success, such as social skills, teamwork orientation, ethics, and analytic and problem-solving abilities. 1434:

Following the Franks Report in the UK in 1963, a number of British business schools were established in the 1960s offering MBA courses (initially called MSc courses at most institutions until rebranded in the 1970s), mostly at the new

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that goes beyond simple description, containing the analysis of hitherto unpublished material; a test of the application or limitations of some known principle or technique in a particular situation, and/or suggested modifications.

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UK MBA programs typically consist of a set number of taught courses plus a dissertation or project. AMBA accreditation requires "the equivalent of at least 1,800 hours of learning effort", the same as a standard UK master's degree.

1676:. The busiest of these six agencies (with respect to MBA degrees) is the Foundation for International Business Administration Accreditation (FIBAA). All universities themselves have to be institutionally accredited by the state ( 1411:, or European Institute of Business Administration) became the first European university to offer an MBA degree, and also pioneered the one-year (12-month) degree that has become standard across Europe. This was followed by 968:(MFT-MBA) has been administered in the MBA programs of over 300 U.S. universities. The MFT-MBA aims to assess skills, knowledge, and reasoning ability within the domain of standard MBA curriculum. It is administered by 1925:

rankings which are based on the integration of social and environmental stewardship into university curriculum and faculty research. Rankings from a small sample of well-known schools are calculated on the amount of

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may allow further study in a particular area but an MBA is normally intended to be a general program. It originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought

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are providing both general MBA for freshers and Executive MBA for working professionals. Apart from this, there is distance learning center that are providing online MBA course assosicated with abroad universities.

1081:, business schools administered as colleges within the traditional universities offer a variety of MBA programs. In addition, a few standalone business schools allied with foreign business schools exist in Nigeria. 2001:

The ranking of MBA programs has been discussed in articles and on academic websites. Critics of ranking methodologies maintain that any published rankings should be viewed with caution for the following reasons:

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Admission requirements for MBA programs in Malaysia typically include a bachelor's degree from a recognized institution, relevant work experience, and sometimes, standardized test scores such as the GMAT or GRE.

538:, placing the student in the role of the decision maker. Similar to real world business situations, cases include both constraints and incomplete information. Practical learning (field immersion) often comprises 1727:

has a long history in offering MBA programs with three MBA programs frequently being ranked in the Top 25 worldwide by several international rankings. Spanish MBAs are culturally diverse and taught in English.

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has successively approved more institutions for MBA education training unit. At present, a total of 229 colleges and universities have opened MBA programs in the system, with a total of more than 500 programs.

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Depending on the program, type and duration of work experience can be a critical admissions component for many MBA programs. Many top-tier programs require five or more years of work experience for admission.

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four-month summer break, and between semesters there might be seven to ten days off rather than three to five weeks vacation. Accelerated programs typically have a lower cost than full-time two-year programs.

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was founded, within the framework of an agreement between the governments of Peru and the United States to offer the Master's program in Business Administration for interested applicants from all over Latin

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An "Executive MBA", or EMBA, is a degree program similar to an MBA program that is specifically structured for and targeted towards corporate executives and senior managers who are already in the workforce.

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In Malaysia, the MBA degree is highly valued by employers for its emphasis on practical skills and strategic thinking. It is often seen as a pathway to career advancement and increased earning potential.

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Articles have been written about public perceptions of the crisis, ranging from schools' acknowledgment of issues with the training students receive to criticisms of the MBA's role in society. After the

5923: 843:(perhaps as specializations); alternatively, the first addresses short-term, tactical problems, while the second addresses long-term, strategic problems (e.g., "Financial Management I" might cover 4846: 1132:

Students choose to specialize in one of the following areas: accounting, finance, entrepreneurship, insurance, and human resources. The course takes four semesters of about four months each.

839:"; organizational behavior and human resource management may similarly be combined. In many programs, applicants with appropriate background may be exempt from various analytical courses. 160: 3460: 526:

Programs are designed such that students gain exposure to theory and practice alike. Courses include lectures, case studies, and team projects; the mix though, will differ by school and

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Ranking methods may be subject to personal biases and statistically flawed methodologies (especially methods relying on subjective interviews of hiring managers, students, or faculty).

1178:. For international students who want a different experience, many Asian programs offer scholarships and discounted tuition to encourage an international environment in the classroom. 251: 2006:

Rankings exhibit intentional selection bias as they limit the surveyed population to a small number of MBA programs and ignore the majority of schools, many with excellent offerings.

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Modular MBA programs are similar to part-time programs, although typically employing a lock-step curriculum with classes packaged together in blocks lasting from one to three weeks.

2210: 2179: 965: 1314:. Now in Pakistan, there are 187 Universities/Institutes which are recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, offering MBA programs to students and professionals. 3226: 1822:, most universities offer MBA classes, typically through part-time arrangement or evening classes. Only two universities offer full-time programs to international students, the 245: 214: 2213:(Executive MScBA), a postgraduate degree focusing advanced-level conceptual foundation in a student's chosen field such as operational excellence in the biotech/pharma industry. 400:

programs combine distance learning with face-to-face instruction. These programs typically target working professionals who are unable to attend traditional part-time programs.

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Financial Management Association - membership requires one to have a 3.5 overall GPA, or a 3.5 GPA in finance and finance-related courses, after completing half of the program.

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uses survey responses from alumni who graduated three years prior to the ranking and information from business schools. Salary and employment statistics are weighted heavily.

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bodies for business schools and MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education. Business schools in many countries offer programs tailored to full-time, part-time,

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compiles regional rankings of business schools around the world. Ranks are calculated using a two-year moving average of points assigned by employers who hire MBA graduates.

365: 123: 311: 287: 1769:(AMBA) was established in 1967 and is an active advocate for MBA degrees. The association's accreditation service is internationally recognized for all MBA, DBA, and 3192: 1440: 1424: 293: 4989: 1111:, business schools of the traditional universities run a variety of MBA programs. Foreign accredited institutions offer MBA degrees by distance learning in Ghana. 2654: 1839: 1502: 138: 1282:

Both public and private universities offer MBA and EMBA degrees. Most MBAs are in full-time and part-time modes. All MBA degrees are fully conducted in English.

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analytical skills required for these, while in the second year (part), students pursue elective courses, which may count towards a specialization. (Topics in

4743: 3505: 2571: 1803: 1692:, MBA programs at public accredited schools are similar to those offered elsewhere in Europe. Italian Business Schools are accredited by EQUIS and by ASFOR. 317: 4779: 2015:

The same list of schools appears in each ranking with some variation in ranks, so a school ranked as number 1 in one list may be number 17 in another list.

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Alon, Ilan and John R. McIntyre, eds. (2005), Business and Management Education in China: Transition, Pedagogy and Training, Singapore: World Scientific.

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Brink, Kyle E.; Smith, Clair (2012). "A Comparison of AACSB, ACBSP, and IACBE Accredited U.S. Business Programs: An Institutional Resource Perspective".

1673: 273: 5016: 4423: 78:, much higher than the thirty semester credit hours typically required for other US master's degrees that cover some of the same material. The UK-based 3718: 3218: 1240: 305: 4854: 2950: 1770: 1150:, many students are now studying at one of many "Global MBA" English language programs being offered. English-only MBA programs are also offered in 1090: 895:

and corporate social responsibility is similarly included. Company visits (including overseas travel), and guest lectures or seminars with CEOs and

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make their own rankings of MBA programs. Schools' ranks can vary across publications, as the methodologies for rankings differ among publications:

3949:"Kaplan A.: European Management and European Business Schools: Insights from the History of Business Schools, European Management Journal, 2014". 3387: 5074: 2759: 2486:

Lúcia Lima Rodrigues; Delfina Gomes; Russell Craig (2004). "The Portuguese School of Commerce, 1759-1844: a reflection of the "Enlightenment"".

4831: 4599: 3475: 2800: 1657:(Diplom-Kaufmann/Diplom-Kauffrau), But since 1999, bachelor's and master's degrees have gradually replaced the traditional degrees due to the 542:

with real clients, and is generally undertaken in teams (or "syndicates"). The practical elements (as well as the case studies) often involve

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is usually a degree requirement after the completion of coursework. Many MBA programs end with a comprehensive exit examination; see below.

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accreditation requires "the equivalent of at least 1,800 hours of learning effort", equivalent to 45 US semester credit hours or 90 European

3927: 993:- membership requires one to be in the top 20% of their program's class and have a GPA of at least 3.6 after completing half of the program. 5282: 1244: 811:

As outlined, courses begin with underlying topics and then progress to more advanced functional topics where these are applied; see aside.

178: 4249: 3696: 1099:, South Africa's Council on Higher Education (CHE) completed an extensive re-accreditation of MBA degrees offered in the country in 2004. 3794: 5959: 5245: 4912: 1631: 276:(CHEA). MBA programs with specializations for students pursuing careers in healthcare management also eligible for accreditation by the 4898: 6060: 1391: 454: 3561: 5974: 5703: 5683: 4381: 2470: 2293:"Andreas Kaplan: A school is "a building that has four walls…with tomorrow inside": Toward the reinvention of the business school". 2223: 2151: 1827: 1472: 860:

corporate management. (For example, the principal finance course may cover the technicalities of financial instrument valuation and

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faculty in its evening program or have drastically lower admissions criteria for its evening program than for its daytime program).

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may also be included. These, with the core subjects, provide the graduate with breadth, while the specialty courses provide depth.

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that had become universities since 1960. The two major schools set up by the UK government as a direct result of the report were

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is among the world's most selective schools according to Bloomberg magazine. They offer MBA degrees. There are 20 IIMs in total.

1141: 443: 4527: 3378: 3108:"Looking for an Edge: M.B.A. applicants are turning to pricey consultants to help them navigate the daunting admissions process" 2161: 2139: 2121: 2109: 1830:(AUT). The Otago MBA is the longer established of the two, offering a 240 points program while AUT MBA is a 180-point program. 1506: 1326: 1251: 632: 222: 122:

in business: the Master of Science in Commerce, a predecessor of the MBA. The first MBA was launched eight years later, at the

3846: 2052: 5938: 5552: 5255: 4204: 3348: 2030: 1468: 770: 656: 4985: 3286: 2404:

Kaplan, Andreas (2014). "European management and European business schools: Insights from the history of business schools".

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experience. These full-time executive MBA programs are similar to one year MBA programs offered by schools like Insead and

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U.S. MBA programs may also be accredited at the institutional level. Bodies that accredit institutions as a whole include:

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International MBA programs are acquiring brand value in Asia. For example, while a foreign MBA is still preferred in the

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There are 13,000 business schools on Earth. That's 13,000 too many. And I should know – I've taught in them for 20 years

4637: 2173: 2145: 1223: 4294: 3522: 5943: 5806: 5440: 4744:"The Business of Education: Why change-minded MBA candidates turn to the Institute before they pick a business school" 4679: 3257: 3252: 1944: 1843: 1807: 1452: 969: 927:

The MBA dissertation (or thesis in some universities) will, in general, comprise the following in some combination: a

466: 458: 4876: 3414: 3146:"Consultants provide a boost: But recruiters fear divide between hopefuls who can afford service and those who can't" 2925: 1903: 2986: 827:, a technical course that mainly focuses on product pricing as influenced by microeconomic theory, and aggregate-or 5933: 5688: 1570: 1448: 1307: 943:. Here (part-time) students will address a problem current in their organization; particularly in programs with an 908: 844: 299: 4754: 3502: 3434: 931:, providing a critical review and structuring of what is known on a given topic, to address a specific problem; a 5801: 5693: 5425: 4937: 1574: 1533:). Some non-academic institutions cooperate with state-run universities to ensure the legality of their degrees. 1412: 957: 609: 87: 4787: 2033:

provide limited cooperation with certain ranking publications due to their perception that rankings are misused.

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T10 - membership requires one to have scored in the top 10% in the country on a national comprehensive MBA exam.

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The analytic skills required for management are usually covered initially. The accounting course(s) may treat

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was founded in 1972 to promote management education in Europe, and had 193 members by 1973. It established the

1487: 127: 126:, with 15 faculty members, 33 regular students and 47 special students. Its first-year curriculum was based on 2534: 1940:

s rankings are based on student surveys, a survey of corporate recruiters, and an intellectual capital rating.

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require that MBA degrees have to be accredited by one of the six agencies officially recognized by the German

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has different MBA programs of high standing. The 3 national universities in Singapore have top MBA programs;

687:. Additionally, many other elective options of a more specialized nature are offered by various institutions. 2553: 1200:

this instead of providing introductory courses and certifications is unclear. Classes are taught in English.

987:- membership requires one to be in the top 20% of their program's class after completing half of the program. 5990: 5836: 5796: 5634: 5498: 5362: 5335: 5325: 5124: 3523:"2013 Major Field Test Comparative Data Guide: Major Field Test for Master of Business Administration (MBA)" 3370: 1483: 1476: 1342: 582: 462: 416: 111: 59: 4959: 3230: 980:

Honor societies recognize individuals for high achievement in MBA programs. These honor societies include:

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may be included at the generalist or specialist level.) After the first year, many full-time students seek

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programs. AMBA also offers the only professional membership association for MBA students and graduates.

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Programs may also include coursework-based training in the skills needed at senior levels of management:

6045: 6010: 5831: 5728: 5629: 5582: 5543: 5435: 5410: 5372: 5367: 5352: 5340: 5302: 3156: 3118: 2247: 2191: 2082:(MAcc or MAcy) / Master of Professional Accountancy (MPA, or MPAcc), a postgraduate degree in accounting 2079: 1464: 1456: 1416: 1358: 1354: 1187:, which is a regional business magazine with distribution worldwide. The importance of MBA education in 921: 903: 819: 786: 782: 762: 754: 684: 676: 668: 617: 539: 404: 375: 68: 5082: 3722: 3395: 4152: 3864: 374:

MBA programs hold classes off-campus. These programs can be offered in a number of different formats:

6040: 6015: 6000: 5907: 5786: 5718: 5708: 5538: 5430: 5400: 2241: 2229: 2133: 2103: 1967: 1898: 1741:

Switzerland offers most of its programs in English to attract international students to the country.

1428: 1330: 836: 824: 815: 802: 713: 698: 636: 613: 605: 586: 447: 412: 226: 201: 145: 31: 2825: 2775: 5902: 5675: 5655: 5471: 5268: 5176: 5021: 3241: 3113: 2097: 2051:, the media raised questions about the value and content of business school programs. Prior to the 1909: 1823: 1766: 1578: 1494: 912: 852: 832: 594: 590: 578: 79: 55: 52: 6077: 4576: 3916: 3054: 6065: 5851: 5753: 5592: 5557: 5505: 5493: 5476: 5455: 5415: 4696: 4133: 4125: 2648: 2306: 2091: 2073: 1582: 1522: 1120: 884: 869: 865: 790: 774: 680: 555: 543: 218: 3889: 2541:

page showing awarding of first MBA in 1950, one year ahead of the University of Pretoria's claim

3400: 2250:(EngD), A professional doctorate in the UK involving a management thesis and taught MBA courses 1626:, the MBA degree programs at the public accredited schools are similar to those offered in the 213:

Globally, the three most important accreditations of MBA programs and business schools are the

6035: 5969: 5763: 5758: 5723: 5665: 5660: 5639: 5587: 5481: 5420: 5203: 4809: 4377: 4371: 4274: 4229: 4184: 3976: 2877: 2863: 2859: 2466: 2460: 2384: 2378: 2235: 2115: 1716:. Portuguese MBA programs are increasingly internationally oriented, being taught in English. 1665: 1379: 961: 928: 848: 750: 504: 371: 353:

full-time regular shift MBA. Most second shift programs are offered at universities in India.

115: 95: 5172:"Gender and the MBA: differences in career trajectories, institutional support, and outcomes" 4699: 4268: 4178: 74:

MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about forty to sixty semester

5816: 5574: 5564: 5486: 5347: 5193: 5185: 5052: 4720: 4649: 4480: 4223: 4117: 4026: 3958: 2596: 2495: 2413: 2298: 2155: 1566: 984: 892: 742: 648: 397: 190: 174: 4441: 3039: 5928: 5869: 5826: 5821: 5733: 5713: 5530: 5450: 5237: 3922: 3586: 3509: 3382: 2557: 2538: 2519: 2056: 2048: 1918: 1887: 1870: 1658: 1338: 1065: 944: 798: 766: 664: 628: 551: 547: 508: 496: 477: 391: 383: 237: 186: 119: 91: 63: 4320: 2325: 1306:

first offered an MBA program outside the United States in 1955 in collaboration with the

185:- United States Agency for International Development, at the request of former President 1069:, in its Executive Education Rankings for 2012, included five African business schools. 457:(GMAT) is the most prominently used entrance exam for admissions into MBA programs. The 6030: 5198: 5171: 1927: 1858:

ranked MBA programs based on the number of academic articles published by faculty, the

1850: 1762: 1546: 1542: 1455:

in 1966. Many other 12-month master's courses also started in the 1960s, including at

990: 861: 828: 387: 6096: 6050: 5995: 5897: 5846: 4481:"MBA in Ukraine - MBA, GMAT, TOEFL, IELTS, бизнес-школы, Pre-MBA, бизнес образование" 4137: 3374: 2380:

Economics, Competition and Academia: An Intellectual History of Sophism Versus Virtue

2310: 1881: 1875: 1550: 1361:

and others have a campus in Singapore where MBA programs, among others, are offered.

1346: 916: 896: 831:, which deals with topics like the banking system, the money supply, and inflation. 62:. The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business administration; 5026: 3766: 3611: 2094:(MCom or MComm), a postgraduate business degree usually focused on a particular area 3151: 1311: 1096: 880: 717: 672: 660: 546:—sometimes business executives—supporting the teaching from academic faculty. (See 512: 408: 83: 4298: 3356: 2112:(MBioEnt), a postgraduate degree focused on the commercialization of biotechnology 902:

For the business strategy component, the degree capstone, the focus is on finding

177:- Graduate School of Business in Perú (South America), under the direction of the 4993: 4683: 3279: 3160: 3122: 2302: 5874: 4397: 3246: 1819: 1737: 1627: 1623: 1607: 1167: 1147: 876: 794: 535: 379: 75: 3107: 3016: 2718: 2512: 2499: 2355: 2268: 1565:, Master of Business Administration degrees are awarded by business schools of 5879: 5291: 5227: 4938:"The UTD Top 100 Business School Research Rankings: Research Ranking Overview" 4051: 3962: 3401:"Academic Experience in the MBA Program", Stanford Graduate School of Business 3145: 2417: 1810:. The Financial Review Boss carries out biennial rankings of Australian MBAs. 932: 888: 738: 702: 500: 482: 426: 5189: 4657: 1848:

Since 1967, publications have ranked MBA programs using various methods. The

1589:. Universities of applied sciences award degrees which in Finnish are called 5781: 5624: 5250: 4345: 4001: 3636: 3529: 2185: 1797: 1322: 1183: 1163: 1155: 1151: 872:.) Technically-oriented courses, if offered, will be via a specialization. 778: 531: 197:

1963: First MBA offered in Korea by Korea University Business School (KUBS).

5207: 3262: 1645:

was one of the last Western countries to adopt an MBA degree. In 1998, the

5231: 3461:"Research, Knowledge and Method: the purpose and role of MBA dissertation" 3375:"The Chicago Approach", The University of Chicago Booth School of Business 2148:(MMR) a postgraduate degree focusing on research in the field of marketing 835:

and statistics are sometimes combined as "Managerial Decision-Making" or "

137:

1943: First Executive MBA (EMBA) program for working professionals at the

17: 4558: 4373:

The Rise of Cass Business School:The Journey to World-Class: 1966 Onwards

4225:

The Rise of Cass Business School:The Journey to World-Class: 1966 Onwards

3767:"MBA.co.za - Re-accreditation raises the standards of South Africa's MBA" 2900: 1713: 1303: 1175: 1159: 939:

As an alternative to the dissertation, some programs instead allow for a

430: 422: 394:, offline or online computer courses. Many schools offer these programs. 2462:

Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture

2431: 403:

MBA dual degree programs combine an MBA with others (such as an MS, MA,

4129: 4121: 2531: 2106:(MEnt), a postgraduate, technology & enterprise-based qualification 1750: 1642: 1611: 1562: 1518: 1078: 940: 746: 721: 516: 4680:"A Self-Published College Guide Goes Big-Time, and Educators Cry Foul" 4076: 4653: 3419: 2029:

Some leading business schools including Harvard, INSEAD, Wharton and

1893: 1701: 1650: 1619: 1615: 1603: 1402: 1350: 1171: 879:, such as (general) leadership and negotiation; hard skills, such as 167: 5170:

Patterson, Sarah E.; Damaske, Sarah; Sheroff, Christen (June 2017).

3744: 3555:"Business Administration CPC-Based COMP Exam Summary: Masters Level" 94:(abridged coursework typically occurring on nights or weekends) and 5105: 3661: 3253:"Major Field Tests: Master of Business Administration (MBA) Degree" 2182:, a post-graduate degree for co-operative and credit union managers 1986:

ranks business schools on the research faculty publish, similar to

2550: 1724: 1689: 1291: 1263: 1236: 1229: 1210: 1188: 1126: 1108: 278:

Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Management Education

269: 265: 182: 166:

1957: First MBA in Europe, and the first one-year MBA, offered by

4108:

Lock, Andrew R. (March 1996). "The Future of the MBA in the UK".

173:

1963: First MBA program offered in the Spanish-speaking world by

3917:"FT Global MBA ranking 2021: Europe tops table but US dominates" 2200:(MIM), a postgraduate degree focusing on information management. 1672:(accreditation council), the German counterpart to the American 5264: 4832:"Amid Withering Criticism, The Economist Kills Its MBA Ranking" 4031:

UCD Michael Smurfit Graduate Business School, Smurfit Executive

2693: 1806:

carries out ratings for Australian MBAs and annually publishes

264:

All of these groups also accredit schools outside the U.S. The

5924:

Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering

2560:

page claiming to have awarded the first MBA outside of America

2513:

Key Facts | The University of Chicago Booth School of Business

2130:(MIB), a postgraduate degree focused on International Business 1630:

countries. Most French Business Schools are accredited by the

5260: 4254:

Report by the Vice-chancellor and Warden for the year 1966-67

3689:"More MBA Grads Are Switching Careers as Job Market Improves" 2668: 1866:

ranked schools based on votes cast by business school deans.

1712:

Several business schools offer highly ranked MBA programs in

1525:

have to be accredited by the Austrian Accreditation Council (

1415:(postgraduate program in business management) in 1959 and by 2619:"The 7 Key Differences Between US And European MBA Programs" 2154:(MNO or MNPO), the postgraduate degree for philanthropy and 3274: 3272: 2572:"Country's oldest B-school, IISWBM, to become a university" 4847:"How to read the rankings: How the raw data are processed" 3795:"India's IIM-A, the World's Toughest B-School to Get Into" 3719:"What Can You do With a Graduate Degree in Business(MBA)?" 2878:"CHEA Directory of Programmatic Accrediting Organizations" 161:

Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management

1181:

Rankings have been published for Asia Pacific schools by

144:

1950: First MBA outside of the United States, in Canada (

2761:

Business Schools Post-COVID-19: A Blueprint for Survival

2022:

A high rank in a national publication tends to become a

1349:. In addition, many international institutions such as 258:

International Assembly for Collegiate Business Education

225:(EQUIS), with holding all three of these being known as 2194:(MScRE), a postgraduate degree focusing on real estate. 2176:(MSPM or MPM), a postgraduate project management degree 252:

Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs

4228:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 4isbn=9780230624818. 2211:

Executive Master of Science in Business Administration

2180:

Masters of Management: Co-operatives and Credit Unions

2012:

Rankings use no objective measures of program quality.

1862:

ranked business schools based on faculty surveys, and

729: 560: 272:

are themselves recognized in the United States by the

4424:"The university of Finance and administration Prague" 2944:"Blended MBA Programs: An Optimized Form of Learning" 2894:"Higher Education Accreditation in the United States" 1239:

offering two-year MBA or PGDM programs accredited by

1129:

are offered in many public and private universities.

246:

Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business

215:

Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business

4598:

Uther, Beverley; Suchy, Martin (12 September 2013).

5983: 5952: 5916: 5888: 5860: 5772: 5746: 5674: 5648: 5605: 5573: 5529: 5518: 5464: 5399: 5392: 5381: 5316: 4270:

The History of UK Business and Management Education

4205:"University School Celebrates 60 Years In Business" 4180:

The History of UK Business and Management Education

1984:

UT-Dallas Top 100 Business School Research Rankings

1016:

Business development analyst, associate, or manager

3915: 3914:Jack, Andrew; Moules, Jonathan (7 February 2021). 3182: 3144: 3106: 3055:"Are MBA admissions consultants worth their fees?" 3040:"Part Time MBA Programs – Side By Side Comparison" 2164:(MPA), a postgraduate public administration degree 2124:(MHA), a postgraduate health administration degree 1661:. Most German business schools now offer an MBA. 159:1953: First MBA offered at an Asian school at the 124:Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration 3890:"The Tribune - Magazine section - Saturday Extra" 3820:"7 new IIMs to get permanent campus by June 2021" 3468:The International Journal of Management Education 2641:An academic adventure : the founding of ESAN 312:Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities 288:Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools 5152:Stossel, John (19 June 2009). "The New Normal". 2969:"Almost All Business Schools Now Accept the GRE" 2892:Koenig, Ann; Lofstad, Rolf (18 September 2004). 2454: 2452: 2142:(MSM), a postgraduate business management degree 2074:Business education § Postgraduate education 1235:There are many business schools and colleges in 556:Business education § Postgraduate education 530:. Theory is covered in the classroom setting by 98:students, many with specialized concentrations. 4786:. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Archived from 3212: 3210: 2244:in Management (D.Phil), a doctorate in business 1408:Institut Européen d'Administration des Affaires 924:which substantially addresses the same issues. 294:New England Association of Schools and Colleges 3371:"The HBS case-method", Harvard Business School 3336:Executive MBA vs. MBA – What’s the difference? 2612: 2610: 2522:. Chicagobooth.edu. Retrieved on 26 July 2013. 2432:"History – About Us – Harvard Business School" 1840:List of United States business school rankings 1503:European Foundation for Management Development 1382:ranked 27th and 45th worldwide, respectively. 139:University of Chicago Booth School of Business 5276: 3560:. Peregrine Academic Services. Archived from 3528:. Educational Testing Service. Archived from 3498: 3496: 2226:(DBA), a doctorate in business administration 1043:Healthcare administrator, analyst, or manager 911:may also be scheduled and participation in a 86:, the same as a standard UK master's degree. 8: 5125:"Why we should bulldoze the business school" 5075:"Deans fight crisis fires with MBA overhaul" 5068: 5066: 4899:"Global Business Schools Report Methodology" 4528:"Characteristics Statement: Master's Degree" 4273:. Emerald Group Publishing. pp. 92–93. 3865:"MBA through Open Learning and its benefits" 3612:"FAQ: What are the criteria for membership?" 2987:"Why You Should Work Before Pursuing an MBA" 2776:"What is Association of MBAs accreditation?" 1804:Graduate Management Association of Australia 1509:accreditation for business schools in 1997. 1431:launched the first two-year MBA in Europe. 1406: 446:decisions on a combination of undergraduate 318:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools 200:1994: First online executive MBA program at 5046: 5044: 4376:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 107–108. 3747:. University of Maryland University College 2617:Caroline Diarte Edwards (1 December 2023). 503:. The degree culminates with coursework in 324:Western Association of Schools and Colleges 5526: 5396: 5389: 5283: 5269: 5261: 4990:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign 4704:The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist 4559:"Accredited Business Schools in Australia" 4256:. Durham University. 1967. pp. 20–23. 3184:""It's Almost Like…Admitting An Impostor"" 2653:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2383:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 101–. 1700:There are several MBA programs offered in 1498:Association of Business Schools) in 1971. 891:and creativity. Training in areas such as 733:Common MBA Specializations/Concentrations 274:Council for Higher Education Accreditation 30:"MBA" redirects here. For other uses, see 5197: 4812:. The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 3105:Silverman, Rachel Emma (6 October 2011). 2942:Karen Hebert-Maccaro (8 September 2011). 2465:. New York: Pantheon Books. p. 288. 2269:"Master of Business Administration (MBA)" 1055:Operations analyst, associate, or manager 306:Distance Education Accrediting Commission 4719:. Beyond Grey Pinstripes. Archived from 4638:"What's Wrong With MBA Ranking Surveys?" 4636:Schatz, Martin; Crummer, Roy E. (1993). 4267:Allan P.O. Williams (6 September 2010). 4183:. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 90. 4177:Allan P.O. Williams (6 September 2010). 3338:", Rutgers Business School Asia Pacific. 2919:"What Can an Online Program Do for You?" 2118:(MFin), a postgraduate degree in finance 1771:Masters in Business and Management (MBM) 1337:is top 20 in the world according to the 1091:List of business schools in South Africa 1037:Marketing associate, analyst, or manager 1031:Financial analyst, associate, or manager 4295:"Our history – Vlerick Business School" 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 3847:"M.B.A.s in Japan Struggle for Respect" 3845:The New York Times (24 November 2010). 3079:Subramanian, Anusha (28 October 2010). 2259: 27:Master's degree in business leadership 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 3721:. Salisbury University. Archived from 3349:"Executive MBA vs MBA: the difference" 3219:"Standard 15: Management of Curricula" 2852:Business Education & Accreditation 2646: 1447:, which offered an MBA from 1966, and 1052:Program analyst, associate, or manager 1049:Product analyst, associate, or manager 864:, but does so from the perspective of 469:(HNC) is acceptable in some programs. 425:is a term used by many non-profit and 5017:"HBS Blocks Media Access to Students" 4577:"Business Schools in Australia (MBA)" 3930:from the original on 10 December 2022 2967:Kitroeff, Natalie (20 October 2014). 2956:from the original on 27 January 2012. 2917:de l'Etraz, Paris (1 November 2009). 1971:QS Global 200 Business Schools Report 1792:List of business schools in Australia 1482:Elsewhere, MBAs were launched at the 349:the graduation requirements are met. 7: 4877:"Forbes 'The Best Business Schools'" 4780:"MBA Rankings: Updated October 2006" 3195:from the original on 11 January 2024 3143:Lawrence, Diana (6 September 2012). 2570:Basu, Somdatta (24 September 2017). 2136:(MM), a postgraduate business degree 1598:France and French-speaking countries 179:Stanford Graduate School of Business 5960:Bachelor of Business Administration 5246:Bachelor of Business Administration 4157:Alliance Manchester Business School 3662:"Membership Admission Requirements" 3015:. MBA Applicant.com. Archived from 2949:. Worcester Polytechnic Institute. 1585:. In Finnish this degree is called 1527:Österreichischer Akkreditierungsrat 1022:Managing Director (of a department) 548:Business school § Case studies 6061:Organizational behavior management 5104:Stewart, Matthew (25 March 2009). 5053:"Is It Time to Retrain B-Schools?" 4845:Milton, Ursula (29 January 2007). 4600:"Boss 2013 MBA Ranking: the table" 4153:"Joining the first ever MBA class" 3869:International Center for Academics 2694:"Korea University Business School" 2669:"Korea University Business School" 1749:Recently MBA programs appeared in 1392:List of business schools in Europe 455:Graduate Management Admission Test 181:, United States. Sponsored by the 25: 5975:Doctor of Business Administration 5965:Master of Business Administration 5051:Holland, Kelley (14 March 2009). 5015:Hemel, Daniel J (12 April 2004). 4700:Caveat Emptor: The Gourman Report 3745:"Business and Management Careers" 3312:"Curriculum and Course Selection" 3013:"Number 5 – YOUR WORK EXPERIENCE" 3011:MBAapplicant.com (31 July 2009). 2899:. EAIE Conference. Archived from 2733:"MBAs Online: Going the Distance" 2377:Donald Stabile (1 January 2007). 2348:"Tuck School of Business History" 2326:"Executive MBA (EMBA) Definition" 2238:(PhD), a business doctoral degree 2224:Doctor of Business Administration 2152:Master of Nonprofit Organizations 2068:Related graduate business degrees 1828:Auckland University of Technology 1531:Lehrgang universitären Charakters 1290:In recent years, universities in 956:Many MBA programs culminate in a 150:The University of Western Ontario 49:Master in Business Administration 41:Master of Business Administration 6076: 5230: 5123:Parker, Martin (27 April 2018). 5073:Bradshaw, Della (18 June 2009). 4960:"How the Rankings were Compiled" 3641:Financial Management Association 3292:from the original on 5 July 2011 3223:Business Accreditation Standards 2924:. BizEd Magazine. Archived from 2198:Master of Information Management 2128:Master of International Business 2086:Master of Business Communication 1376:Korea University Business School 1335:National University of Singapore 1142:List of business schools in Asia 647:Common broad electives include: 534:, and is reinforced through the 4742:Samuelson, Judy (Summer 2011). 4370:A. Williams (7 February 2006). 4222:A. Williams (7 February 2006). 3687:Zlomek, Erin (20 August 2014). 3459:Kangis, Peter; Carman, Robert. 3415:"Is the MBA Case Method Passé?" 3392:Cambridge Judge Business School 3285:. Educational Testing Service. 3053:Murray, Seb (18 October 2017). 2532:Richard Ivey School of Business 2324:Article Sources (21 May 2021). 2162:Master of Public Administration 2140:Master of Science in Management 2122:Master of Health Administration 2110:Master of Bioscience Enterprise 1507:EFMD Quality Improvement System 1441:colleges of advanced technology 1327:Singapore Management University 1252:Indian Institutes of Management 633:corporate social responsibility 223:EFMD Quality Improvement System 5939:Chartered Management Institute 5256:Outline of business management 3280:"The Major Field Test for MBA" 2758:Andreas Kaplan (7 June 2023). 2186:Master in Sustainable Business 1013:Business analyst or strategist 958:comprehensive exit examination 771:management information systems 657:management information systems 1: 3793:Erin Zlomek (18 April 2013). 3439:Darden School of Business UVA 3155:. Toronto, Ont. p. M.4. 3117:. New York, N.Y. p. B5. 3042:. SMU Cox School of Business. 1632:Conférence des Grandes écoles 1046:Project analyst or strategist 527: 5308:Index of management articles 4917:U.S. News & World Report 4499:"MBA Accreditation Criteria" 3181:Porter, Jane (4 June 2007). 2764:. Routledge. pp. 62–64. 2303:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.03.010 2174:Master of Project Management 2170:(MSS), a postgraduate degree 2146:Master of Marketing Research 1977:U.S. News & World Report 1904:U.S. News & World Report 1345:is ranked top 100 regarding 1224:List of MBA schools in India 929:discussion of the literature 849:capital investment decisions 837:Quantitative Decision-Making 5944:Critical management studies 5807:Full range leadership model 3951:European Management Journal 3038:SMU Cox (19 January 2010). 2406:European Management Journal 1945:Economist Intelligence Unit 1869:Today, publications by the 1844:Australian MBA Star Ratings 1808:Australian MBA Star Ratings 1459:(as a diploma until 1975), 970:Educational Testing Service 683:, managing non-profits and 467:Higher National Certificate 459:Graduate Record Examination 429:institutions to describe a 386:, pre-recorded video, live 6129: 5934:Certified Business Manager 4539:. February 2020. p. 9 4346:"Our history and heritage" 3081:"Handholding the hopefuls" 2500:10.1177/103237320400900304 2071: 2053:2007–2008 financial crisis 1837: 1789: 1449:Manchester Business School 1389: 1308:University of Pennsylvania 1221: 1139: 1118: 1088: 907:Corresponding training in 845:working capital management 419:and an MBA in five years. 382:or email, non-interactive 300:Higher Learning Commission 133:Other milestones include: 29: 6074: 5802:Evidence-based management 5298: 4986:"Caution and Controversy" 3981:Antwerp Management School 3963:10.1016/j.emj.2014.03.006 3435:"MBA Consulting Projects" 2556:23 September 2006 at the 2418:10.1016/j.emj.2014.03.006 1453:University of Strathclyde 1421:University Culture Dublin 1413:Antwerp Management School 966:Major Field Test for MBAs 763:healthcare administration 691: 646: 610:human resource management 568: 563: 442:Many programs base their 6056:Organization development 5812:Management by objectives 5190:10.1177/0891243217703630 4642:Management Research News 3637:"National Honor Society" 3381:13 February 2014 at the 3237:"Accreditation Criteria" 2801:"Business Accreditation" 2518:18 November 2012 at the 2168:Master of Social Science 2024:self-fulfilling prophecy 1860:Ladd & Lipset Survey 1587:kauppatieteiden maisteri 1488:HEC School of Management 1437:plate glass universities 897:management personalities 883:and project management; 579:economics for management 156:in South Africa in 1951. 128:Frederick Winslow Taylor 6108:Business qualifications 5837:Social entrepreneurship 5797:Earned value management 4964:The Wall Street Journal 4753:: 66–67. Archived from 4442:"Accreditation Council" 4077:"A story worth telling" 4056:Trinity Business School 3508:22 January 2013 at the 2459:Leach, William (1993). 1427:in 1964. Also in 1964, 1343:Nanyang Business School 1019:Market research analyst 847:, while part II covers 583:organizational behavior 463:Higher National Diploma 417:business administration 112:Tuck School of Business 60:business administration 6083:Systems science portal 6026:Management development 6021:Management cybernetics 6006:Executive compensation 5842:Sustainable management 5704:Information technology 5684:Environmental resource 4913:"Business Methodology" 4810:"Rankings methodology" 2882:Retrieved 23 July 2018 2719:"Athabasca University" 2639:Coleman, Alan (2006). 2551:University of Pretoria 1923:Beyond Grey Pinstripes 1445:London Business School 1425:Trinity College Dublin 1407: 759:international business 653:international business 544:external practitioners 376:correspondence courses 154:University of Pretoria 6046:Managerial psychology 6011:Management consulting 5832:Scientific management 5615:Customer relationship 5303:Outline of management 4446:Akkreditierungsrat.de 4428:Shortcoursesportal.eu 2931:on 24 September 2014. 2248:Engineering Doctorate 2192:Master of Real Estate 2080:Master of Accountancy 2072:Further information: 1647:Hochschulrahmengesetz 1610:countries, including 1417:ESADE Business School 1034:Management consultant 922:management consulting 904:competitive advantage 820:management accounting 787:organizational design 783:operations management 755:investment management 685:real estate investing 677:international finance 669:organizational design 618:operations management 587:quantitative analysis 564:MBA Course Structure 69:scientific management 6113:Management education 6041:Managerial economics 6001:Corporate governance 5908:Oliver E. Williamson 5787:Collaborative method 5177:Gender & Society 5029:on 11 September 2012 4686:on 15 December 2007. 4211:. 30 September 2023. 3894:www.tribuneindia.com 3587:"Invitation Process" 3388:"Practical Learning" 2230:Doctor of Management 2134:Master of Management 2104:Master of Enterprise 1968:Quacquarelli Symonds 1899:Quacquarelli Symonds 1523:private universities 1486:in 1968; and at the 1429:IESE Business School 1331:triple accreditation 1028:Entrepreneur/founder 825:managerial economics 714:Research methodology 699:Strategic management 637:corporate governance 614:marketing management 606:Financial management 227:triple accreditation 202:Athabasca University 146:Ivey Business School 32:MBA (disambiguation) 5903:Eliyahu M. Goldratt 5022:The Harvard Crimson 4966:. 16 September 2009 4857:on 17 December 2007 4851:The Financial Times 4790:on 24 December 2007 4301:on 17 February 2013 3474:(2). Archived from 3359:on 5 December 2022. 3324:on 23 January 2013. 3249:on 2 February 2013; 3114:Wall Street Journal 2906:on 2 November 2006. 2780:Association of MBAs 2537:15 May 2010 at the 2358:on 3 September 2013 2098:Master of Economics 1995:Wall Street Journal 1910:Wall Street Journal 1824:University of Otago 1767:Association of MBAs 1736:Several schools in 1678:staatlich anerkannt 1579:University of Vaasa 1575:University of Turku 1495:Association of MBAs 913:business simulation 909:business leadership 853:Information systems 833:Operations Research 703:business leadership 595:business statistics 591:operations research 540:consulting projects 478:consulting services 448:grade point average 438:Admissions criteria 219:Association of MBAs 152:), followed by the 118:offering the first 80:Association of MBAs 56:postgraduate degree 6066:Pointy-haired Boss 6016:Management control 5852:Virtual management 5215:Silbiger, Steven, 5057:The New York Times 4996:on 26 October 2007 4697:Bedeian, Arthur G. 4485:www.mbastrategy.ua 4122:10.1007/BF02390443 3851:The New York Times 3826:. 5 September 2018 3824:The Economic Times 3799:Bloomberg Business 3567:on 2 February 2017 3535:on 22 January 2014 2973:Bloomberg Business 2576:The Times of India 2488:Accounting History 2352:Tuck.dartmouth.edu 2328:. Investopedia.com 2092:Master of Commerce 1670:Akkreditierungsrat 1655:Betriebswirtschaft 1583:University of Oulu 1521:, MBA programs of 1121:Education in Kenya 870:investment banking 866:managerial finance 791:project management 775:management science 681:project management 554:; and, generally, 552:§ Other approaches 6090: 6089: 6036:Management system 5970:PhD in management 5742: 5741: 5601: 5600: 5514: 5513: 5482:Product lifecycle 5085:on 1 January 2011 4280:978-1-84950-780-6 4250:"Business School" 4235:978-0-230-62481-8 4190:978-1-84950-780-6 4052:"The Trinity MBA" 3725:on 21 August 2014 3699:on 24 August 2014 3369:See for example: 3233:on 15 March 2013; 2390:978-1-84720-716-6 2295:Business Horizons 2236:PhD in Management 2116:Master of Finance 1988:The Carter Report 1856:The Carter Report 1380:Yonsei University 1040:Portfolio manager 1025:Investment banker 962:standardized exam 809: 808: 751:corporate finance 728: 727: 505:business strategy 413:bachelor's degree 372:Distance learning 116:Dartmouth College 96:distance learning 16:(Redirected from 6120: 6103:Master's degrees 6080: 5817:Management style 5527: 5397: 5390: 5285: 5278: 5271: 5262: 5240: 5235: 5234: 5219: 5211: 5201: 5158: 5157: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5135: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5081:. 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Archived from 2344: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2264: 2156:voluntary sector 1939: 1834:Program rankings 1826:(Otago MBA) and 1591:tradenomi (YAMK) 1567:Aalto University 1410: 1341:MBA ranking and 1191:has risen, too. 1125:MBA programs in 985:Beta Gamma Sigma 952:Exit examination 893:multiculturalism 868:, as opposed to 805:, among others. 743:entrepreneurship 730: 649:entrepreneurship 561: 532:academic faculty 398:Blended learning 221:(AMBA), and the 64:elective courses 21: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6118: 6117: 6093: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6070: 5979: 5948: 5929:Business school 5912: 5890: 5884: 5870:Decision-making 5862: 5856: 5827:Micromanagement 5822:Macromanagement 5774: 5768: 5738: 5694:Human resources 5689:Field inventory 5670: 5644: 5607: 5597: 5569: 5522: 5520: 5510: 5460: 5403: 5385: 5383: 5377: 5319:of organization 5318: 5312: 5294: 5289: 5238:Business portal 5236: 5229: 5226: 5214: 5169: 5166: 5164:Further reading 5161: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5133: 5131: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5079:Financial Times 5072: 5071: 5064: 5050: 5049: 5042: 5032: 5030: 5014: 5013: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4984: 4983: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4958: 4957: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4921: 4919: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4897: 4896: 4892: 4882: 4880: 4879:. 3 August 2011 4875: 4874: 4870: 4860: 4858: 4844: 4843: 4839: 4834:. 13 July 2022. 4830: 4829: 4825: 4815: 4813: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4763: 4761: 4760:on 12 July 2011 4757: 4746: 4741: 4740: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4723:on 18 July 2011 4715: 4714: 4710: 4695: 4691: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4663: 4661: 4635: 4634: 4623: 4613: 4611: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4530: 4526: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4496: 4492: 4479: 4478: 4474: 4464: 4462: 4458: 4457: 4453: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4422: 4421: 4417: 4407: 4405: 4396: 4395: 4391: 4384: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4293: 4292: 4288: 4281: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4236: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4209:Yorkshire Times 4203: 4202: 4198: 4191: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4151:Alan Topalian. 4150: 4149: 4145: 4107: 4106: 4095: 4085: 4083: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 4002:"Esade History" 4000: 3999: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3975: 3974: 3970: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3933: 3931: 3923:Financial Times 3913: 3912: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3863: 3862: 3858: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3829: 3827: 3818: 3817: 3813: 3803: 3801: 3792: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3750: 3748: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3671: 3669: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3610: 3609: 3605: 3595: 3593: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3570: 3568: 3564: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3510:Wayback Machine 3501: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3481:on 17 June 2012 3478: 3463: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3386: 3383:Wayback Machine 3368: 3364: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3333: 3329: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3282: 3278: 3277: 3270: 3251: 3235: 3217: 3215: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3165: 3163: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3127: 3125: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3089: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3063: 3061: 3059:Financial Times 3052: 3051: 3047: 3037: 3036: 3032: 3022: 3020: 3019:on 2 April 2010 3010: 3009: 3005: 2995: 2993: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2946: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2928: 2921: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2896: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2809: 2807: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2742: 2740: 2739:. 25 March 2008 2731: 2730: 2726: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2698:biz.korea.ac.kr 2692: 2691: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2645: 2638: 2637: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2616: 2615: 2608: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2580: 2578: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2558:Wayback Machine 2549: 2545: 2539:Wayback Machine 2530: 2526: 2520:Wayback Machine 2511: 2507: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2473: 2458: 2457: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2391: 2376: 2375: 2371: 2361: 2359: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2331: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2220: 2207: 2100:(M.Econ./M.Ec.) 2076: 2070: 2065: 2057:Great Recession 2049:Great Recession 2044: 1955:Financial Times 1947:, published in 1937: 1919:Aspen Institute 1888:Financial Times 1871:Aspen Institute 1846: 1836: 1816: 1794: 1788: 1783: 1759: 1747: 1734: 1722: 1710: 1698: 1686: 1659:Bologna process 1640: 1600: 1559: 1539: 1515: 1399: 1394: 1388: 1372:Financial Times 1367: 1339:Financial Times 1320: 1301: 1288: 1272: 1260: 1226: 1220: 1206: 1197: 1144: 1138: 1123: 1117: 1105: 1093: 1087: 1075: 1066:Financial Times 1062: 1006: 978: 976:Honor societies 960:. The national 954: 945:action learning 885:thinking skills 862:capital raising 799:risk management 767:human resources 665:market research 629:Business ethics 497:business ethics 492: 476:MBA admissions 440: 392:videoconference 384:broadcast video 338: 333: 238:Business school 235: 211: 187:John F. Kennedy 120:advanced degree 114:was founded at 108: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6126: 6124: 6116: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6095: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6031:Management fad 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5991:Administration 5987: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5894: 5892: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5866: 5864: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5778: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5680: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5652: 5650: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5611: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5579: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5555: 5541: 5535: 5533: 5524: 5519:On activity or 5516: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5502: 5501: 5491: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5474: 5468: 5466: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5394: 5387: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5344: 5343: 5333: 5328: 5322: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5288: 5287: 5280: 5273: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5217:The 10 Day MBA 5212: 5184:(3): 310–332. 5165: 5162: 5160: 5159: 5144: 5115: 5096: 5062: 5040: 5007: 4977: 4951: 4929: 4904: 4890: 4868: 4837: 4823: 4801: 4771: 4751:The Aspen Idea 4734: 4708: 4689: 4671: 4621: 4590: 4568: 4550: 4519: 4490: 4472: 4460:"SwissInfo.ch" 4451: 4433: 4415: 4389: 4382: 4362: 4337: 4312: 4286: 4279: 4259: 4241: 4234: 4214: 4196: 4189: 4169: 4143: 4116:(2): 165–185. 4093: 4068: 4043: 4018: 3993: 3968: 3941: 3906: 3881: 3856: 3837: 3811: 3785: 3776: 3758: 3736: 3710: 3679: 3653: 3628: 3616:Delta Mu Delta 3603: 3578: 3546: 3514: 3492: 3451: 3426: 3405: 3362: 3340: 3327: 3303: 3268: 3206: 3173: 3135: 3097: 3085:Business Today 3071: 3045: 3030: 3003: 2978: 2959: 2934: 2909: 2884: 2869: 2842: 2817: 2792: 2767: 2750: 2724: 2710: 2685: 2660: 2643:. ESAN Cendoc. 2631: 2606: 2601:www.f1gmat.com 2588: 2562: 2543: 2524: 2505: 2478: 2471: 2448: 2423: 2412:(4): 529–534. 2396: 2389: 2369: 2339: 2316: 2285: 2267:Kagan, Julia. 2258: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2245: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2043: 2040: 2035: 2034: 2027: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 1999: 1998: 1991: 1981: 1974: 1965: 1958: 1952: 1941: 1932: 1928:sustainability 1921:publishes the 1851:Gourman Report 1835: 1832: 1815: 1812: 1790:Main article: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1763:United Kingdom 1758: 1757:United Kingdom 1755: 1746: 1743: 1733: 1730: 1721: 1718: 1709: 1706: 1697: 1694: 1685: 1682: 1639: 1636: 1599: 1596: 1558: 1555: 1547:United Kingdom 1543:Czech Republic 1538: 1537:Czech Republic 1535: 1514: 1511: 1398: 1395: 1390:Main article: 1387: 1384: 1366: 1363: 1319: 1316: 1300: 1297: 1287: 1284: 1271: 1268: 1259: 1256: 1219: 1216: 1205: 1202: 1196: 1193: 1140:Main article: 1137: 1134: 1116: 1113: 1104: 1101: 1086: 1083: 1074: 1071: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1005: 1002: 1001: 1000: 997: 994: 991:Delta Mu Delta 988: 977: 974: 953: 950: 829:macroeconomics 807: 806: 735: 734: 726: 725: 711: 707: 706: 696: 693: 689: 688: 645: 641: 640: 626: 622: 621: 603: 599: 598: 575: 571: 570: 566: 565: 507:, the program 491: 488: 465:(HND) or even 439: 436: 388:teleconference 337: 334: 332: 329: 328: 327: 321: 315: 309: 303: 297: 291: 262: 261: 255: 249: 234: 231: 210: 207: 206: 205: 198: 195: 171: 164: 157: 142: 107: 104: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6125: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6085: 6084: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6051:Managerialism 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5996:Collaboration 5994: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5915: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5898:Peter Drucker 5896: 5895: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5847:Team building 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5745: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5604: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5566: 5563: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5525: 5517: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5495: 5492: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5426:Communication 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5395: 5391: 5388: 5380: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5315: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5286: 5281: 5279: 5274: 5272: 5267: 5266: 5263: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5239: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5155: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5130: 5126: 5119: 5116: 5111: 5107: 5100: 5097: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5058: 5054: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5028: 5024: 5023: 5018: 5011: 5008: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4978: 4965: 4961: 4955: 4952: 4939: 4933: 4930: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4878: 4872: 4869: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4841: 4838: 4833: 4827: 4824: 4811: 4805: 4802: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4775: 4772: 4756: 4752: 4745: 4738: 4735: 4722: 4718: 4717:"Methodology" 4712: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4693: 4690: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4672: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4594: 4591: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4564: 4560: 4554: 4551: 4538: 4537: 4529: 4523: 4520: 4507: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4473: 4461: 4455: 4452: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4434: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4416: 4404:. Our History 4403: 4399: 4393: 4390: 4385: 4383:9780230624818 4379: 4375: 4374: 4366: 4363: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4338: 4326: 4322: 4321:"Our History" 4316: 4313: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4287: 4282: 4276: 4272: 4271: 4263: 4260: 4255: 4251: 4245: 4242: 4237: 4231: 4227: 4226: 4218: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4192: 4186: 4182: 4181: 4173: 4170: 4158: 4154: 4147: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4069: 4057: 4053: 4047: 4044: 4032: 4028: 4022: 4019: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3994: 3982: 3978: 3972: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3945: 3942: 3929: 3925: 3924: 3918: 3910: 3907: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3838: 3825: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3800: 3796: 3789: 3786: 3780: 3777: 3772: 3771:www.mba.co.za 3768: 3762: 3759: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3711: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3683: 3680: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3654: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3629: 3617: 3613: 3607: 3604: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3563: 3556: 3550: 3547: 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1992: 1989: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1949:The Economist 1946: 1942: 1936: 1935:Business Week 1933: 1931:universities. 1929: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1883: 1882:The Economist 1878: 1877: 1876:Business Week 1872: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1845: 1841: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1799: 1793: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1666:German states 1662: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1551:United States 1548: 1544: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 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