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2155:. At a summit conference of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa which took place in Yaoundé on 25–26 February 1999, member states decided to create an organisation for the promotion, maintenance and consolidation of peace and security in Central Africa, which would be called the Council for Peace and Security in Central Africa (COPAX). The COPAX Protocol has now entered into force.
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ECCAS organization and (theoretically) the countries under their charter eligible for U.S. Foreign
Military Sales Program (i.e. government to government sales and assistance) pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act and for other such U.S. assistance as directed by a USG contract to U.S. industry for such support pursuant to the (ITAR)
1613:
CEMAC countries share a common financial, regulatory, and legal structure, and maintain a common external tariff on imports from non-CEMAC countries. In theory, tariffs have been eliminated on trade within CEMAC, but full implementation of this has been delayed. Movement of capital within CEMAC is free.
1616:
The CEMAC's financial stability was threatened by the fall in the price of petroleum starting in 2014, as all members except CAR depend heavily on oil revenue. International reserves dropped, and there was discussion of a devaluation of the CFA Franc. Ultimately, the conference of heads of state in
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On
September 23, 2009, pursuant to Presidential Determination 2009-26 and as published in the Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 183 (Presidential Documents 48363) ECCAS was made eligible under the U.S. Arms Export Control Act for the furnishing of defense articles and defense services. This makes the
1612:
CEMAC's objectives are the promotion of trade, the institution of a genuine common market, and greater solidarity among peoples and towards under-privileged countries and regions. In 1994, it succeeded in introducing quota restrictions and reductions in the range and amount of tariffs. Currently,
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in June 2002. This Summit decided to adopt a protocol on the establishment of a
Network of Parliamentarians of Central Africa (REPAC) and to adopt the standing orders of the Council for Peace and Security in Central Africa (COPAX), including the Defence and Security Commission (CDS), Multinational
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during
January 2004 welcomed the fact that the Protocol Relating to the Establishment of a Council for Peace and Security in Central Africa (COPAX) had received the required number of ratifications to enter into force. The Summit also adopted a declaration on the implementation of
2195:
exercise "Gabon 2000" with the objective of increasing the capacity of ECCAS states in the field of peacekeeping and conflict prevention and management. This exercise represented a direct application of the French RECAMP-concept (reinforcement of
African peacekeeping capacities).
1449:(EU) concluded a financial agreement with ECCAS and CEMAC, conditional on ECCAS and CEMAC merging into one organization, with ECCAS taking responsibility for the peace and security of the sub-region through its security pact COPAX. CEMAC is not one of the pillars of the
1424:
on 21 January 1999, a mini-summit of ECCAS leaders was held. The leaders discussed problems concerning the functioning of ECCAS and the creation of a third Deputy
Secretary-General post, designated for Angola. Angola formally joined the Community during this summit.
1399:
Convene an extraordinary meeting of the
Council of Ministers as soon as possible to evaluate the recommendations of UNECA; the Council should then draw up proposals for a new administrative structure for the secretariat and revised contributions due by each member
1308:
as a common currency; it was officially superseded by CEMAC in June 1999 (through agreement from 1994). CEMAC currently operates a customs union and monetary union. The common market is in place, but many exceptions to the tariff free regime still exist.
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of national armies and commanders-in-chief of police and gendarmerie forces from the different member states. Its role is to plan, organize and provide advice to the decision-making bodies of the community in order to initiate military operations if
774:
754:
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2262:). The meeting recommended that military planners from each of the ECCAS states form a group to work out the details for the force. They also suggested the establishment of a joint peacekeeping training centre and
1361:(RECs) in October 1999). The AEC again confirmed the importance of ECCAS as the major economic community in Central Africa at the third preparatory meeting of its Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in June 1999.
2175:
The
Multinational Force of Central Africa (FOMAC), which is a non-permanent force consisting of military contingents from member states, whose purpose is to accomplish missions of peace, security and humanitarian
2471:
1506:, the ECCAS condemned the military use of force and asked for restoration of constitutional order. It also suspended Gabon's membership in the bloc on 5 September and moved its headquarters from Libreville to
1317:
At a summit meeting in
December 1981, the leaders of the UDEAC agreed in principle to form a wider economic community of Central African states. ECCAS was established on 18 October 1983 by the UDEAC members,
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1357:(AEC), but formal contact between the AEC and ECCAS was only established in October 1999 due to the inactivity of ECCAS since 1992 (ECCAS signed the Protocol on Relations between the AEC and the
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joined the Union on 19 December 1983. UDEAC signed a treaty for the establishment of an
Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) to promote the entire process of sub-regional
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to evaluate the operational activities of the secretariat; to evaluate the contributions due by member states; and the salaries and salary structures of employees of the secretariat
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decided to leave the organisation in order to remove overlap in its membership in regional trade blocks and so that it could better focus on its membership in the
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ECCAS began functioning in 1985, but was inactive for several years because of financial difficulties (non-payment of membership fees by the member states) and
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Central African states adopted a pact of non-aggression at the end of the fifth meeting of the UN Consultative Committee on Security in Central Africa held in
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2131:, Cameroon. The pact, adopted on 9 September 1994, was arrived at after five days of meeting and discussions between military experts and ministers of
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area. The war in the DR Congo was particularly divisive, as Rwanda and Angola fought on opposing sides. ECCAS has been designated a pillar of the
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86:
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1499:. Rwanda was a founding member of the organisation and had been a part of it since 18 October 1981. It subsequently rejoined ECCAS in 2016.
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896:
859:
832:
796:
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68:
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http://www.africa-platform.org/fr/perspectives-africaines/communautes-economiques-regionales/communaute-economique-des-etats-dafrique
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The Central African Early-Warning System (MARAC), which collects and analyses data for the early detection and prevention of crises.
119:
2234:-size peacekeeping force would be created in order to intervene in unstable Central African areas. This could then form one of the
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675:
3486:
2106:
Protocol on Cooperation in the development of Human resources, Education, Training and Culture between member states of the ECCAS
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1458:
1327:
1108:
623:
388:
2180:
The standing orders for COPAX, including those of CDS, MARAC and FOMAC were adopted in June 2002 at the 10th Ordinary Summit in
1965:
to develop capacities to maintain peace, security and stability - as essential prerequisites for economic and social development
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1503:
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for imports from other countries. The treaty became effective in 1966 after it was ratified by the then five member countries—
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1961:. At the Malabo Heads of State and Government Conference in 1999, four priority fields for the organization were identified:
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The summit also requested countries in the region to find lasting and peaceful solutions to their political problems. The
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1453:, but its members are associated with it through Economic Community of Central African States. The EU had multiple
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also indicated that his country would become a fully fledged member. The summit approved a budget of 10 million
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The Mission for the consolidation of peace in Central African Republic (MICOPAX) is a peace operation in the
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1998:
Secretariat General (one secretary-general elected for four years and three assistant secretaries-general)
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present at the summit committed themselves to the resurrection of the organisation. The Prime Minister of
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on 16 and 17 August 2001 to discuss security in their war-torn region. The meeting was sponsored by the
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as a common currency; it was officially superseded by CEMAC in June 1999 (through agreement from 1994).
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726:
428:
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3210:
3128:
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1969:
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1597:. UDEAC signed a treaty for the establishment of CEMAC to promote the entire process of sub-regional
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1405:
1298:
1086:
1031:
3250:
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Protocol on the Simplification and Harmonization of Trade documents and Procedures within the ECCAS
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1554:
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1197:
275:
171:
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1465:(June to September 2003), EUPOL Kinshasa (from October 2003) and EUSEC DR Congo (from May 2005).
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Force of Central Africa (FOMAC) and the Early Warning Mechanism of Central Africa (MARAC).
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Protocol on Cooperation in Transport and Communications between member states of the ECCAS
2034:
2023:
Protocol Relating to the Establishment of a Mutual Security Pact in Central Africa (COPAX)
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265:
154:
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481:
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Protocol on Cooperation in Agricultural development between member states of the ECCAS
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Protocol on the Situation of Landlocked, Semi-Landlocked, Island, Part-Island and/or
1957:
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1365:
1358:
1262:
1234:
1209:
2093:
Protocol on Cooperation in Science and Technology between member states of the ECCAS
2087:
Protocol on Cooperation in Industrial development between member states of the ECCAS
1239:
The Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa (or UDEAC from its name in French,
1220:
of its populations and maintain economic stability through harmonious cooperation".
3201:
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2192:
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The Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (or CEMAC from its name in
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35:
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Protocol on Cooperation in Natural resources between member states of the ECCAS
3185:
3181:
3163:
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3026:
2641:"IZF - Investir en Zone Franc - actualité économique Afrique - zone franc CFA"
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2200:
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1618:
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218:
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2014:
Treaty Establishing the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
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1594:
1305:
2384:"Traité instituant une Union douanière et économique de l'Afrique centrale"
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and Rights of Establishment of nationals of member states within the ECCAS
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2132:
1713:
1566:
1433:
The 10th Ordinary Session of Heads of State and Government took place in
1408:
also appealed to member countries to support the complete lifting of the
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349:
2553:"Central African bloc calls for return to constitutional order in Gabon"
1442:
was also officially welcomed upon its return as a full member of ECCAS.
922:
Industry, Sci. & Tech., Energy, Natural Resources, & Environment
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2665:"National Trade Estimates Report – Cameroon" US Fed News, 31 March 2006
2489:"Federal Register, Volume 74 Issue 183 (Wednesday, September 23, 2009)"
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17:
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2017:
Protocol Establishing the Network of Parliamentarians of ECCAS (REPAC)
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Protocol on Cooperation in Tourism between member states of the ECCAS
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1902:
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1507:
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1439:
1434:
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1339:
1335:
990:
441:
323:
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Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS / EEAC)
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The Defence and Security Commission (CDS), which is the meeting of
2503:"SADC, COMESA and the EAC: Conflicting regional and trade agendas"
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2148:
1848:
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Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)
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in Central Africa as well as a declaration on gender equality.
1342:
remained an observer until 1999, when it became a full member.
2734:
2678:. Economic Community of Central African States. Archived from
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The 11th Ordinary Session of Heads of State and Government in
29:
2716:. EuropeAid – European Commission. 2012-05-15. Archived from
2505:. Institute for Global Dialogue. October 2008. Archived from
536:
2199:
Extraordinary Summits of both ECCAS and CEMAC took place in
2037:
for products to be traded between member states of the ECCAS
2936:
Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC)
2467:
NEPAD, The Africa Platform on Development Effectiveness,
2067:
Protocol on the Fund for Compensation for Loss of Revenue
1057:
New Partnership for Africa's Development E-School Program
2266:
every two years. The first of these is to take place in
1982:
to establish an autonomous financing mechanism for ECCAS
1543:
Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale
2694:
House of Commons Written Answers 28 April 2004, part 37
2603:
2306:
Central African Financial Market Supervisory Commission
2819:
Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN / SAD)
2814:
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
3666:
Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty
2020:
Mutual Assistance Pact Between Member States of ECCAS
1216:. It "aims to achieve collective autonomy, raise the
1186:
Communauté Économique des États de l'Afrique Centrale
2931:
Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
1194:
Comunidad Económica de los Estados de África Central
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3334:
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
3321:
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3172:
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Union Douanière et Économique de l’Afrique Centrale
1212:for promotion of regional economic co-operation in
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3651:Regional Economic Communities of the African Union
2905:Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
1593:among countries that share a common currency, the
1559:Comunidade Económica e Monetária da África Central
1202:Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Central
3355:Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
2889:Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
2532:"Rwanda back to Central Africa bloc, 10 years on"
1551:Comunidad Económica y Monetaria de África Central
1523:Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
3303:Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia
3287:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
2915:West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA)
2230:in October 2003, at which it was decided that a
1252:
161:
2579:"Central African bloc suspends Gabon over coup"
1301:through the forming of monetary union with the
2100:cooperation between member states of the ECCAS
69:"Economic Community of Central African States"
2962:
2840:Southern African Development Community (SADC)
2760:
2338:Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
1254:União Aduaneira e Económica da África Central
1246:
1153:
510:6,670,000 km (2,580,000 sq mi)
178:
8:
3596:Economic Community of Central African States
1617:2016 adopted a detailed reform program, the
1324:Economic Community of the Great Lakes States
1248:Unión Aduanera y Económica de África Central
1240:
1229:Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa
1174:Economic Community of Central African States
144:
3611:International organizations based in Africa
3282:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
2288:2012–2013 Central African Republic conflict
1992:Conference of Heads of State and Government
1388:for 1998 and requested the Secretariat to:
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2955:
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2207:from 10 Central African states met in the
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131:
3661:United Nations General Assembly observers
2311:Economic Community of West African States
1979:to develop a culture of human integration
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3365:West African Economic and Monetary Union
2282:led by the ECCAS. It is involved in the
1623:
1047:New Partnership for Africa's Development
3621:Economy of the Central African Republic
2775:Regional economic communities in Africa
2350:
1625:Membership in the regional communities
848:Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
755:Rural Econ., Agri., Resources, Environ.
548:
513:
503:
498:
313:
3277:Association of Southeast Asian Nations
3097:UN Conference on Trade and Development
2332:Southern African Development Community
807:Committee on Audit and Public Accounts
3042:Import substitution industrialization
2845:Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
2585:from the original on 5 September 2023
2526:
2524:
2159:Technical organs of the COPAX council
897:Economic, Social and Cultural Council
518:
471:
467:
7:
3631:Economy of the Republic of the Congo
3606:International economic organizations
3570:
3296:Europe, Central Asia, and North Asia
2868:Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA)
1954:The ultimate goal is to establish a
937:Edu., Culture, & Human Resources
775:Transport, Industry, Communication,
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3256:Central American Integration System
2793:Organization of African Unity (OAU)
2559:from the original on 31 August 2023
2358:CEEAC, Communication (2023-05-28).
1368:of Burundi, the summit was held in
802:Rules, Privileges, & Discipline
792:Gender, Family, Youth, Disabilities
180:Comunidad Económica de los Estados
2418:(in French). CEMAC. Archived from
2389:(in French). CEMAC. Archived from
2302:, the CEMAC motor insurance scheme
1561:) is an organization of states of
1412:placed on his country. During the
1326:(CEPGL established in 1976 by the
865:Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
25:
3646:Organizations established in 1981
3119:International Chamber of Commerce
3022:Export-oriented industrialization
2910:West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ)
2284:Central African Republic Bush War
787:Educ., Culture, Tourism, & HR
765:Trade, Customs, & Immigration
3569:
3560:
3559:
2798:African Economic Community (AEC)
2581:. Africanews. 5 September 2023.
2238:'s five planned brigades of the
1922:
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1868:
1841:
1814:
1795:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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1706:
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902:Specialised Technical Committees
558:
447:
434:
421:
407:
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389:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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368:
355:
342:
329:
316:
203:
163:Comunidade Económica dos Estados
34:
2242:, one brigade for each region (
917:Trade, Customs, and Immigration
770:Cooperation, IR, & Conflict
298:African Economic Community
146:Communauté économique des États
45:needs additional citations for
27:Economic bloc in Central Africa
3360:Southern African Customs Union
2028:Appendices to the ECCAS Treaty
1621:, to stabilize the situation.
1:
3671:1981 establishments in Africa
2123:Peace and security activities
1257:, UAEAC), established by the
1052:African Peer Review Mechanism
591:Organisation of African Unity
551:Politics of the African Union
3636:Economy of Equatorial Guinea
3517:Telecommunications equipment
3322:Middle East and North Africa
3313:European Union Customs Union
2884:East African Community (EAC)
2209:Democratic Republic of Congo
2064:cooperation within the ECCAS
782:Health, Labour, & Social
777:Energy, Science, & Tech.
3246:Andean Community of Nations
3124:Bilateral investment treaty
3092:International Monetary Fund
2555:. Reuters. 31 August 2023.
1533:Economic and monetary union
1364:Presided over by President
3687:
3112:International Trade Centre
2478:, Retrieved 2 january 2018
1526:
1451:African Economic Community
1355:African Economic Community
1251:, UAEAC), (in Portuguese:
1232:
892:Peace and Security Council
833:Constitutive Act of the AU
596:African Economic Community
247:Administrative center
3555:
3387:Aircraft & Spacecraft
3032:Foreign exchange reserves
2699:30 September 2011 at the
2050:of goods within the ECCAS
2042:Non-Tariff Trade Barriers
1529:Central African CFA franc
1504:2023 Gabonese coup d'état
1445:On January 24, 2003, the
927:Transport, Comm., Tourism
601:African Unification Front
529:
487:
468:
251:Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
216:
200:
3107:World Trade Organization
2863:Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
2622:CEMAC Treaty (in French)
2280:Central African Republic
2137:Central African Republic
2117:Least Advanced Countries
1741:Central African Republic
1605:with the Central Africa
1571:Central African Republic
1372:on 6 February 1998. The
1279:Central African Republic
912:Monetary & Financial
855:Justice and Human Rights
760:Monetary & Financial
363:Central African Republic
3308:Eurasian Economic Union
3196:Repeal of the Corn Laws
2004:Consultative Commission
1601:through the forming of
1392:Obtain assistance from
1322:and the members of the
1042:African Investment Bank
676:Rural Econ. & Agri.
586:Union of African States
3350:East African Community
3231:Regional organizations
2364:ECCAS Official Website
2322:East African Community
2057:and Transit facilities
2009:Treaties and protocols
1271:common external tariff
1269:between members and a
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1247:
1241:
1201:
1193:
1185:
1119:TerrAfrica partnership
1037:African Monetary Union
718:Pan-African Parliament
228:membership in Africa.
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162:
145:
138:Central African States
3191:The Wealth of Nations
3149:Special economic zone
3012:Comparative advantage
2703:, accessed March 2009
2692:UK House of Commons,
2240:African Standby Force
2222:A meeting of Defence
2153:São Tomé and Príncipe
1968:to develop physical,
1930:São Tomé and Príncipe
1876:Republic of the Congo
1320:São Tomé and Príncipe
932:Health, Labor, Social
727:Fortune Z. Charumbira
666:HR, Sci., & Tech.
641:Conference and Events
455:São Tomé and Príncipe
429:Republic of the Congo
233: ECCAS and CEMAC
148:de l'Afrique Centrale
136:Economic Community of
3211:Economic nationalism
3129:Economic integration
2627:29 June 2007 at the
2219:declined to attend.
1995:Council of Ministers
1591:economic integration
1518:Economic integration
1087:African Space Agency
1071:Decentralised bodies
1032:African Central Bank
797:Justice & Rights
750:Permanent Committees
54:improve this article
3616:Economy of Cameroon
3467:Integrated circuits
3251:Caribbean Community
3047:Net capital outflow
2997:Balance of payments
2978:International trade
2072:Freedom of movement
1626:
1502:In response to the
656:Infra. & Energy
3379:Exports by product
3329:Arab Customs Union
2992:Absolute advantage
2609:2008-12-21 at the
2474:2018-12-02 at the
2264:military exercises
2191:hosted a regional
1624:
1261:in 1964, formed a
1259:Brazzaville Treaty
1218:standard of living
1206:Economic Community
1077:Agencies of the AU
907:Rural Econ., Agri.
671:Trade and Industry
525:200 million (2020)
3583:
3582:
3373:
3372:
3343:Subsaharan Africa
3174:Political economy
2944:
2943:
2509:on 1 January 2017
2317:Economy of Africa
2205:Foreign ministers
2203:on 23 June 2000.
2187:In January 2000,
2145:Equatorial Guinea
2141:Republic of Congo
1947:
1946:
1822:Equatorial Guinea
1583:Equatorial Guinea
1579:Republic of Congo
1512:Equatorial Guinea
1463:Operation Artemis
1295:Equatorial Guinea
1287:Republic of Congo
1170:
1169:
1114:Foreign relations
843:Charter on Rights
828:Sirte Declaration
693:Executive Council
544:
543:
476:Secretary-General
402:Equatorial Guinea
258:Working languages
182:de África Central
165:da África Central
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3678:
3641:Economy of Gabon
3573:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3236:
3102:World Bank Group
3002:Balance of trade
2971:
2964:
2957:
2948:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2746:
2722:
2721:
2710:
2704:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2643:. Archived from
2637:
2631:
2619:
2613:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2479:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2360:"ECCAS IN BRIEF"
2355:
2300:Pink card system
2077:Protocol on the
2046:Protocol on the
2033:Protocol on the
2001:Court of Justice
1956:Central African
1928:
1926:
1925:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1627:
1457:missions in the
1256:
1250:
1245:), (in Spanish:
1244:
1162:
1155:
1148:
951:Financial bodies
860:Court of Justice
646:Peace & Sec.
581:Casablanca Group
562:
546:
539:
495:October 18, 1983
477:
453:
451:
450:
440:
438:
437:
427:
425:
424:
413:
411:
410:
400:
398:
397:
387:
385:
384:
374:
372:
371:
361:
359:
358:
348:
346:
345:
335:
333:
332:
322:
320:
319:
295:
239: ECCAS only
238:
232:
221:
207:
192:
184:
175:
167:
158:
150:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3626:Economy of Chad
3586:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3551:
3497:Pharmaceuticals
3369:
3338:
3317:
3291:
3265:
3225:
3221:Dedollarisation
3168:
3154:Trade agreement
3144:Free-trade zone
3085:
3083:
3076:
3017:Current account
3007:Capital account
2980:
2975:
2945:
2940:
2919:
2893:
2872:
2849:
2828:
2802:
2776:
2773:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2701:Wayback Machine
2691:
2687:
2676:"Etats Membres"
2674:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2629:Wayback Machine
2620:
2616:
2611:Wayback Machine
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2476:Wayback Machine
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2416:"CEMAC EN BREF"
2414:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2396:on 27 June 2013
2393:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2296:
2276:
2260:Southern Africa
2224:Chiefs of Staff
2169:chiefs of staff
2161:
2125:
2035:Rules of Origin
2030:
2011:
1989:
1952:
1923:
1921:
1896:
1894:
1869:
1867:
1842:
1840:
1815:
1813:
1788:
1786:
1761:
1759:
1734:
1732:
1707:
1705:
1680:
1678:
1653:
1651:
1565:established by
1535:
1525:
1520:
1431:
1315:
1237:
1231:
1226:
1204:, CEEAC) is an
1166:
1137:
1133:Other countries
1124:
1123:
1104:
1094:
1093:
1072:
1064:
1063:
952:
944:
943:
887:
886:Advisory bodies
879:
878:
823:
815:
814:
776:
743:List of members
713:
705:
704:
614:
606:
605:
576:
553:
540:
537:ceeac-eccas.org
535:
534:
522:
521:• Estimate
507:
478:
475:
459:
448:
446:
435:
433:
422:
420:
408:
406:
395:
393:
382:
380:
369:
367:
356:
354:
343:
341:
330:
328:
317:
315:
312:
311:
293:
285:
242:
241:
240:
236:
234:
230:
212:
211:
208:
196:
195:
186:
181:
169:
164:
152:
147:
139:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3684:
3682:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3588:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3567:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:Aircraft parts
3389:
3383:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3204:
3199:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3072:Trading nation
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2807:Inter-regional
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2730:
2729:External links
2727:
2724:
2723:
2720:on 2013-05-11.
2705:
2685:
2682:on 2013-08-24.
2667:
2658:
2632:
2614:
2596:
2570:
2544:
2520:
2494:
2480:
2460:
2443:"PRÉSENTATION"
2433:
2422:on 29 May 2012
2407:
2375:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2303:
2295:
2292:
2275:
2272:
2213:United Nations
2178:
2177:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:Clearing House
2075:
2068:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2038:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1966:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1603:monetary union
1563:Central Africa
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1447:European Union
1430:
1427:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1374:Heads of State
1359:regional blocs
1314:
1311:
1303:Central Africa
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1214:Central Africa
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1102:Related topics
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1003:
998:
988:
987:
986:
976:
971:
966:
953:
950:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
899:
894:
888:
885:
884:
881:
880:
877:
876:
875:
874:
873:
872:
870:List of judges
862:
852:
851:
850:
845:
835:
830:
824:
821:
820:
817:
816:
813:
812:
811:
810:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
772:
767:
762:
757:
747:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:
701:
700:
698:Rep. Committee
690:
689:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
628:
627:
626:
615:
612:
611:
608:
607:
604:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
577:
572:
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
555:
554:
549:
542:
541:
530:
527:
526:
523:
520:
517:
516:
512:
511:
508:
505:
502:
501:
497:
496:
493:
489:
488:
485:
484:
482:Ahmad Allam-Mi
479:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
461:
460:
458:
457:
444:
431:
418:
404:
391:
378:
365:
352:
339:
326:
309:
308:
307:
305:
301:
300:
291:
287:
286:
284:
283:
278:
273:
268:
262:
260:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
235:
229:
223:
222:
214:
213:
209:
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:
176:
159:
141:
140:
135:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3683:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3601:African Union
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3576:
3568:
3566:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3502:Photovoltaics
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3207:Protectionism
3205:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:Trade barrier
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3082:Organizations
3079:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3062:Trade justice
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Globalization
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2788:African Union
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2758:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2647:on 2008-05-17
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2604:CEMAC website
2600:
2597:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2508:
2504:
2498:
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2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2236:African Union
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2081:for the ECCAS
2080:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1958:Common Market
1949:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
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1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1704:
1703:
1699:
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1650:
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1622:
1620:
1614:
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1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
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1580:
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1572:
1568:
1564:
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1556:
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1530:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1429:Recent events
1428:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:of President
1415:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:French francs
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:Pierre Buyoya
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:customs union
1260:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1236:
1235:Customs union
1228:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:African Union
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
992:
991:ECOWAS/CEDEAO
989:
985:
982:
981:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
959:
956:AEC Pillars (
955:
954:
948:
947:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
883:
882:
871:
868:
867:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
856:
853:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
819:
818:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
751:
748:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
728:
724:
721:
720:
719:
716:
715:
709:
708:
699:
696:
695:
694:
691:
687:
686:Legal Counsel
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
632:
629:
625:
622:
621:
620:
617:
616:
610:
609:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
575:
570:
569:
566:
565:
561:
557:
556:
552:
547:
538:
533:
528:
524:
509:
494:
492:Establishment
490:
486:
483:
480:
462:
456:
445:
443:
432:
430:
419:
416:
405:
403:
392:
390:
379:
377:
366:
364:
353:
351:
340:
338:
327:
325:
314:
306:
302:
299:
294:Pillar of the
292:
288:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
261:
259:
255:
252:
249:
245:
227:
220:
215:
206:
199:
190:
183:
177:
173:
166:
160:
156:
149:
143:
142:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3477:Live animals
3457:Gas turbines
3270:Asia-Pacific
3202:Mercantilism
3189:
3084:and policies
2930:
2823:
2718:the original
2708:
2688:
2680:the original
2670:
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2645:the original
2635:
2617:
2599:
2587:. Retrieved
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2547:
2536:. Retrieved
2534:. 2016-08-20
2511:. Retrieved
2507:the original
2497:
2483:
2463:
2451:. Retrieved
2446:
2441:Alen Angok.
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2420:the original
2410:
2398:. Retrieved
2391:the original
2378:
2367:. Retrieved
2363:
2353:
2277:
2226:was held in
2221:
2198:
2193:peacekeeping
2186:
2179:
2126:
2096:Protocol on
2070:Protocol on
2060:Protocol on
2053:Protocol on
2040:Protocol on
1955:
1953:
1615:
1611:
1558:
1550:
1542:
1536:
1501:
1486:
1479:
1467:
1455:peacekeeping
1444:
1432:
1414:inauguration
1403:
1363:
1347:the conflict
1344:
1316:
1258:
1238:
1177:
1173:
1171:
978:
958:Abuja Treaty
661:Soc. Affairs
651:Pol. Affairs
574:Institutions
531:
506:• Total
417:(suspended)
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3656:Trade blocs
3482:Natural gas
3447:Electronics
3442:Electricity
3052:Outsourcing
2985:Terminology
2781:Continental
2589:5 September
2563:1 September
2449:(in French)
2228:Brazzaville
2215:, and only
1976:integration
1599:integration
1589:to promote
1470:Brazzaville
1351:Great Lakes
1299:integration
1109:Enlargement
979:ECCAS/CEEAC
738:Secretariat
712:Legislature
636:Chairperson
624:Chairperson
3590:Categories
3522:Telephones
3186:Adam Smith
3182:Free trade
3164:Trade bloc
3139:ATA Carnet
3027:Fair trade
2651:2008-05-17
2538:2018-03-19
2447:Ge-Infonet
2369:2024-04-11
2345:References
2327:PREF-CEMAC
2201:Libreville
1950:Objectives
1619:PREF-CEMAC
1555:Portuguese
1527:See also:
1378:Government
1370:Libreville
1313:Foundation
1267:free trade
1233:See also:
1198:Portuguese
1082:Africa CDC
631:Commission
515:Population
304:Membership
276:Portuguese
224:ECCAS and
172:Portuguese
80:newspapers
3417:Computers
3402:Car parts
3397:Aluminium
3134:Incoterms
3067:Trade war
2714:"MICOPAX"
2048:Re-export
1987:Structure
1607:CFA franc
1595:CFA franc
1553:, and in
1487:In 2007,
1306:CFA franc
1196:, CEEAC;
1188:, CEEAC;
822:Judiciary
723:President
613:Executive
310:11 states
110:July 2012
3565:Category
3537:Vehicles
3527:Textiles
3472:Iron ore
3437:Diamonds
3261:Mercosur
3239:Americas
2855:Northern
2833:Southern
2697:Archived
2625:Archived
2607:Archived
2583:Archived
2557:Archived
2472:Archived
2340:(COMESA)
2313:(ECOWAS)
2294:See also
2133:Cameroon
1974:monetary
1970:economic
1714:Cameroon
1630:Country
1567:Cameroon
1459:DR Congo
1406:chairman
1328:DR Congo
1275:Cameroon
681:Economic
619:Assembly
350:Cameroon
3575:Commons
3452:Engines
3215:Autarky
2924:Central
2898:Western
2877:Eastern
2453:22 July
2426:22 July
2400:22 July
2274:MICOPAX
2252:Central
2232:brigade
2176:relief.
2172:needed.
2129:Yaoundé
2062:Customs
2055:Transit
1687:Burundi
1547:Spanish
1410:embargo
1349:in the
1332:Burundi
1224:History
1208:of the
1190:Spanish
1025:AMU/UMA
964:CEN-SAD
532:Website
474:•
464:Leaders
337:Burundi
281:Spanish
271:English
189:Spanish
94:scholar
18:MICOPAX
3532:Trucks
3492:Petrol
3432:Cotton
3422:Copper
3412:Coffee
3057:Tariff
2334:(SADC)
2217:Rwanda
2182:Malabo
2098:Energy
1927:
1903:Rwanda
1900:
1873:
1846:
1819:
1792:
1765:
1738:
1711:
1684:
1660:Angola
1657:
1636:CEMAC
1633:ECCAS
1539:French
1508:Malabo
1497:COMESA
1489:Rwanda
1440:Rwanda
1435:Malabo
1400:state.
1382:Angola
1340:Angola
1336:Rwanda
1289:, and
1285:, the
1277:, the
1182:French
969:COMESA
809:(CAPA)
733:Bureau
452:
442:Rwanda
439:
426:
412:
399:
386:
373:
360:
347:
334:
324:Angola
321:
296:
266:French
237:
231:
185:
168:
155:French
151:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3542:Wheat
3512:Steel
3507:Ships
2740:CEMAC
2735:CEEAC
2513:7 May
2394:(PDF)
2387:(PDF)
2244:North
2189:Gabon
2149:Gabon
1849:Gabon
1587:Gabon
1545:, in
1475:NEPAD
1422:Gabon
1418:Bongo
1394:UNECA
1291:Gabon
1265:with
1178:ECCAS
996:UEMOA
984:CEMAC
415:Gabon
226:CEMAC
101:JSTOR
87:books
3547:Wine
3462:Gold
3427:Corn
3407:Coal
2591:2023
2565:2023
2515:2011
2455:2012
2428:2012
2402:2012
2286:and
2268:Chad
2258:and
2256:East
2248:West
2151:and
1972:and
1934:Yes
1916:Yes
1907:Yes
1883:Yes
1880:Yes
1856:Yes
1853:Yes
1829:Yes
1826:Yes
1808:Yes
1805:Yes
1799:Yes
1775:Yes
1772:Yes
1768:Chad
1748:Yes
1745:Yes
1721:Yes
1718:Yes
1700:Yes
1691:Yes
1670:Yes
1664:Yes
1640:SADC
1585:and
1575:Chad
1531:and
1495:and
1376:and
1334:and
1283:Chad
1172:The
1018:SACU
1013:SADC
1008:IGAD
1001:WAMZ
500:Area
376:Chad
290:Type
210:Logo
73:news
3487:Oil
1943:No
1940:No
1937:No
1913:No
1910:No
1889:No
1886:No
1862:No
1859:No
1835:No
1832:No
1802:No
1781:No
1778:No
1754:No
1751:No
1727:No
1724:No
1697:No
1694:No
1673:No
1667:No
1645:EAC
1493:EAC
1420:of
1338:).
1293:.
974:EAC
838:Law
56:by
3592::
3213:,
3194:,
3188:,
2523:^
2445:.
2362:.
2290:.
2270:.
2254:,
2250:,
2246:,
2184:.
2147:,
2143:,
2139:,
2135:,
1581:,
1577:,
1573:,
1569:,
1557::
1549::
1541::
1514:.
1510:,
1484:.
1461::
1330:,
1281:,
1200::
1192::
1184::
1180:;
960:)
3217:)
3209:(
3198:)
3184:(
2970:e
2963:t
2956:v
2768:e
2761:t
2754:v
2654:.
2593:.
2567:.
2541:.
2517:.
2491:.
2457:.
2430:.
2404:.
2372:.
1176:(
1161:e
1154:t
1147:v
729:)
725:(
191:)
187:(
174:)
170:(
157:)
153:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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