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1237:(ECM) on the target aircraft, which is needed to measure the time-of-flight. The TRR system combatted this by allowing switching between two very different set of frequencies. This signal would be very difficult to jam because the jammer would have to broadcast across a wide set of frequencies in order to ensure they were returning on the frequency the receiver had actually selected. Meanwhile, the TTR can continue offering location information, and in the case that is also jammed (difficult but possible), was upgraded to offer a home-on-jam mode that used the ECM system's own broadcasts as a location source. Skilled operators could also try to track the target in a manual tracking mode.
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1183:), but this was difficult to make out due to the presence of the four large delta wings running almost the entire length of the fuselage. Each wing ended with a control flap which was separated from the wing by a short distance, leaving a gap. The back of the controls were even with the extreme rear of the missile. Smaller deltas in front of the main wings, and blended into them, provided roll control with very small flaps mounted to pivot along a line roughly 45 degrees from the line of the fuselage. These smaller wings also housed the antennae of the transponder.
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1100:(2 ATAF) sites essentially became fixed sites and were no longer considered capable of a mobile role. During the last years of their deployment in Europe, the issue at hand was more about maintaining security of the nuclear capable missiles, rather than mobility. The DoD invested considerably in upgrading the security of the storage areas of the launcher sections, ultimately installing significant towers that were capable of watching over all three sections within the "exclusion area".
1084:, Bravo Battery in Key Largo, Charlie Battery in Carol City and Delta Battery, located on Krome Avenue on the outskirts of Miami – started in June 1979 and was completed by early autumn of that year. The buildings that once housed Delta Battery became the original structures used for the Krome Avenue Detention Facility, a federal facility used primarily to hold illegal aliens awaiting immigration hearings. In Anchorage, Alaska, Site Point (A Battery) was converted into a ski chalet for
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firing circuit, known as a squib test, stray voltage caused a short circuit in a faulty cable that was lying in a puddle and allowed the missile's booster to ignite with the launcher still in a horizontal position. The Nike missile left the launcher and smashed through a fence and down into a beach area skipping the warhead out across the water "like a stone." The exhaust blast killed two Army technicians and injured one.
1431:
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Nevada Test Site was fully booked with the existing
Project AMMO testing series. Part of the rush was due to the newly evolving understanding of the effects of nuclear weapons on radar systems, which led to serious concerns about various weapon's systems ability to operate after nearby nuclear explosions. Testing of the W-7 was put into AMMO, while the SNODGRASS series was moved to an Army-Air Force test at
1088:. Site Summit (B Battery) still sits above Eagle River, its IFC buildings and clamshell towers easily visible when driving towards Anchorage. Site Bay (C Battery), across Cook Inlet from the others, has been mostly demolished, with only burned out shells of the batteries remaining, as well as a few storage bunkers. The large airstrip remains, and is often used by locals for flight instruction and practice.
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435:. Nike tracked both the target and the missile using separate radars, compared the locations in a computer, and sent commands to the missile to fly to a point in the sky to intercept the target. To increase range, the missile was normally boosted above the target into the thinner air and then descended on it in a gliding dive. Nike was initially deployed at military bases starting in 1953, especially
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683:, which the Air Force stated should be their mission. Wilson attempted to address the inter-service rivalries by enforcing a strict limit on the range of Army systems. In his 26 November 1956 memorandum, he limited the Army to weapons with 200-mile (320 km) range, and those involved in ground-to-air defense to only 100 miles (160 km). This forced the Army to turn its Jupiter
570:, igniting on contact. Due to the nature of these fuels, extreme caution had to be used whenever the missiles were moved or unloaded for maintenance. This was carried out in a protected area behind a large berm, in order to protect the rest of the site from an accidental explosion during fueling. This complexity added enormously to the cost and time required to maintain the missiles.
1379:
1277:. During an alert, the site would go on "blue alert", at which time the LA crew would arm and erect the missiles and then retreat to safety. As the missiles were brought to readiness, a light board in the LA control van lit up with a series of amber lights for each launcher area, and green lights for each missile. On the IFC the status of the selected missile was given.
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the new seeker could be retrofitted at any time. The original Ajax detection radar retroactively became known as LOPAR, and remained in use as the main target selection radar in the missile control van. HIPAR would detect targets separately and "hand off" to the LOPAR and TTR so those systems could remain largely unchanged and able to launch either
Hercules or Ajax.
652:. BOMARC proved extremely expensive, difficult to maintain in operational readiness, had questionable performance, and was displaying a continued inability to reach operational status. Instead of de-emphasizing BOMARC in favor of Hercules, inter-service rivalry became rampant, and the Air Force began a policy of denigrating Hercules and the Army using
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was a 5-second allowance for the missile to launch, if it failed to do so it was marked "rejected" and another missile selected. A new missile could be launched about 11 seconds after detonation or rejecting the previous missile. Based on the 'time to fly' of the missile this limited overall battery rates to about one launch every couple of minutes.
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modernized to the maximum extent within the limits of current technology and economics of improvement as compared to investment in a new system ...". Three key elements were identified; the need to attack formations without nuclear warheads, operations against low-altitude targets, and better traffic-handling capabilities to handle larger raids.
1111:, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Norway, Greece and Turkey continued to use the Hercules for high-altitude air defense until the late 1980s. With the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, the units were deactivated in 1988. The last Hercules missile was launched in the Sardinian range of Capo San Lorenzo in Italy on November 24, 2006.
963:. Of these threats, Redstone was considered just within the Hercules's capabilities, able to defend against such a target over a relatively limited range. Increasing performance against these longer-range "theatre" weapons would require more extensive upgrades that would have pushed the time-frame out to the range when FABMDS was expected.
1261:. To ensure the MTR could see and track the missile during its initial rapid ascent as it launched, the IFC was normally located about 1 mile (1.6 km) from the "Launching Area" (LA). In the case of Hercules, all of the radars were typically mounted on (concrete) elevated platforms to improve their line-of-sight.
515:, like those currently under development by all of the nuclear-armed forces for just this reason. A larger Nike with greatly improved range would not only help address this sort of attack, but also allow a single base to defend a much larger area, lowering the overall costs of deploying a widespread defensive system.
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rails. The Army eventually decided not to proceed with any Ajax modifications as
Hercules would be arriving shortly anyway. Similar experiments for Hercules boosters led to the XM-61 single-chamber booster, but when the XM-42 cluster proved to be even less expensive than expected, this effort was also dropped.
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Interceptions with the
Hercules system would typically start with targets being detected and identified on the HIPAR system, if this was in use. Otherwise the LOPAR was used. In order to simplify the upgrades at Ajax sites, HIPAR did not replace the earlier ACQ radar from Ajax, which was retained and
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Hercules could carry either a nuclear warhead or a conventional high-explosive warhead (T-45 fragmentation type). Initially the nuclear-armed version carried the W-7 Mod 2E nuclear warhead, with yields of 2.5 or 28 kt. Beginning in FY 1961 the older warheads were replaced by W-31 Mod 0 warheads, with
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I drone. A similar test on 17 July against a 300-knot (350 mph; 560 km/h) Q2A destroyed the target with the T45. A dual-launch followed on 24 July, with the first round destroying its target with the T45, and the second with the instrument package flying one second behind. A similar test on
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casing that was destroyed by small explosives, but this proved overweight and did not boost the Ajax to the required speed. Redstone
Arsenal then presented the T48E3 which was somewhat larger and longer to reach reasonable performance, but only at the cost of having to modify all of the Ajax launcher
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When the battery was given orders to attack a target, the alert status lamp changed from blue to red. When the TTR and MTR radars were locked, the computer had a firing solution and the missile reported active, the LA lamp changed from amber to green, indicating the ability to fire. At this time the
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Each Nike battery consisted of two or three areas; IFC, LA and general. The LA consisted to a maximum of four launching sections, each section consisted of an underground storage area, an elevator to move missiles to and from the surface launchers, and four aboveground firing locations. One of these
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The changes were designed to be upgradable without major changes to the deployed system – the TTR/MTR could be replaced at any time, the HIPAR used its own displays and therefore required no changes in the missile launch equipment, the TRR was slaved to the TTR and simply updated range readings, and
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Plans had been made to test the
Hercules's W-7 warhead in a live-fire exercise in 1959 as part of "Operation SNODGRASS". However, as rumours of a ban on atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons spread, SNODGRASS became a crash project to be completed before 1 September 1958 at any available site – the
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in which various Air Force officials complained that the
Hercules was ineffective. Chicago was slated to shortly begin receiving its Hercules upgrades. Similar articles began appearing in papers around the country, invariably just before that city was to begin receiving their missiles. This prompted
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Throughout the early Nike evolution, the then-new Air Force had been encouraged by the deployment of the missile systems. They saw this as an extension of the Army's existing "point defence" role, and as a valuable backup to their own manned interceptors. There were concerns about the possibility of
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June or July 1959, an incident occurred concerning a
Hercules anti-aircraft missile on Okinawa which according to some witnesses, was complete with a nuclear warhead, and was accidentally fired from the Nike site 8 battery at Naha Air Base. While the missile was undergoing continuity testing of the
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Efforts to mount the HIPAR on the same platform between March and
December 1962 were not nearly as successful, and on 18 December 1962 the concept was abandoned in favor of an "airmobile" solution using conventional M52 trucks and modified trailers. The resulting system used six semi-trailers: four
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Even as the Nike was undergoing testing, planners grew concerned about the missile's ability to attack formations of aircraft. Given the low resolution of the tracking radars available at the time, a formation of aircraft would appear on the radars as a single larger return. Launched against such a
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started exploring anti-aircraft missiles, examining a variety of concepts. They split development between the Army Air Force or the
Ordnance Department based on whether or not the design "depend for sustenance primarily on the lift of aerodynamic forces" or "primary on the momentum of the missile".
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Hercules also offered the ability to attack pre-located ground targets, after feeding in the coordinates in an operation that took about five minutes. For these missions the computer used the MTR to guide the missile to a point above the target, then commanded it to dive vertically while measuring
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The entire sequence of events from decision to launch to actual launch normally took about 36 seconds. This included about 30 seconds to develop a track for a target; 4 seconds for computer to develop a firing solution, and 2 seconds between the initial fire order command and missile launch. There
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Information from the MTR and TTR continued to be fed to the computer for updating the intercept point based on any actual changes in either the missile or the target location, speed or direction. The guidance commands were sent to the missile by modulating the MTR transmit signal. When the missile
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The booster was formed from four of the earlier Ajax M5E1 boosters held together in a frame. Each of these was a steel tube, and held together in this fashion they presented a considerable range safety issue when they fell back to the ground after launch. The boosters were equipped with four large
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The Nike Hercules was a command-guided, long-range, high-altitude anti-aircraft missile. It was normally deployed in fixed bases with a central radar and control site (Integrated Fire Control area or IFC) separated from the launcher area (LA). Hercules batteries in the US were generally placed in
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The first deployment of the EFS/ATBM HIPAR was carried out between February and 20 April 1963, but during this time the Army decided not to deploy these systems in the United States. Further deployments to allied units and US units in Alaska were carried out between November 1963 and the summer of
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Deployment of the INH upgrade kits began on 10 June 1961 at the BA-30 site in the Washington–Baltimore defense area, and continued into September 1967. HIPAR was a large system and generally deployed under a dome on top of a concrete platform that raised it above any local obstructions. To provide
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The addition of the TRR solved a problem with early pulse radar units. It is relatively easy to jam a conventional radar by sending out additional pulses of radio signal on the same frequency. Unless the transmitter has encoded some additional form of information in the signal, the receiver cannot
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Soviet development of ICBMs and the de-emphasis of their bomber force decreased the value of the Hercules system. Beginning around 1965, the number of Nike batteries was reduced. Thule's air defense was reduced during 1965, and SAC air base defense during 1966, reducing the number of batteries to
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The first EFS sets arrived at White Sands late in 1962 and started testing in April 1963. In testing the system was successful against all manner of short-range rockets and missiles, and successfully tracked the Redstone on 23 September and 5 October 1963, but failed to achieve a "kill" in either
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displays for short- and long-range work, and the data link to the missile van was upgraded. Additionally the radar was given the "Electronic Frequency Selection" (EFS) system which allowed operators to quickly switch between a selection of operating frequencies at about 20 microseconds, while the
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Even before deployment of Hercules began, studies on improvements to the system had been identified. A 23 October 1954 report stated that "Concurrent with the prosecution of the NIKE I and NIKE B programs, studies and research and development must be conducted to insure that the NIKE equipment is
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Nuclear-armed Nike Hercules missiles were deployed in the United States, Greece, Italy, Korea and Turkey, and with Belgian, Dutch, and U.S. forces in West Germany. Conventionally armed Nike Hercules missiles also served in the United States, Spain, Germany, Denmark, Japan, Norway, and Taiwan. The
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The AMMO shot took place on 1 July 1958, successfully intercepting a simulated 650-knot (750 mph; 1,200 km/h) target flying at an altitude of 100,000 feet (30,000 m) and a slant range of 79 miles (69 nmi; 127 km). The first SNODGRASS round was launched on 14 July with its
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At the same time, there were increasing concerns that higher speed aircraft would be able to launch their warheads at the extreme range of the Nike bases. This was a common complaint by the Air Force, who noted that bombers had the ability to attack from as much as 50 miles (80 km) while the
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As Hercules had evolved from the fixed-base Ajax system, early deployments offered no mobility. However, both Ajax and Hercules systems in Europe had to be able to move as US forces shifted. This led to the use of semi-trailer systems for the fire control systems, which could be easily moved and
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These changes were presented on 24 August 1956, and accepted by both CONARC and ARADCOM. The active seeker system was later dropped to lower costs. Engineering was complete in 1958 and entered low-rate production in May 1959. The first HIPAR was tested at White Sands between 14 April 1960 and 13
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to the target, which is the same for both the original and jammer pulses. However, it makes the determination of range difficult or impossible. The TRR solves this problem by providing a separate ranging system on another frequency. By making the signal wide-frequency, the jammer has to likewise
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Hercules was designed from the start to operate from Ajax bases. However, as it protected a much greater area, not as many sites were needed to provide coverage of potential targets. Early deployments starting in 1958 were on new sites, but Ajax units started converting as well. Conversions were
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by 1 January 1960. In January, only four missiles were operational at Suffolk, and during House appropriation hearings that month, the DoD proved rather subdued when Congress attacked the design, especially in light of several failed tests of the BOMARC B missile. In February, Air Force Chief of
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New to the Hercules system was the Target Ranging Radar, or TRR. It is relatively easy to jam range information on monopulse radars like the TTR by sending out false return signals. The radar can continue to locate the target in elevation or azimuth because all of the signals come from the same
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Hercules remained a major front-line weapon in Europe into the 1980s. Over the years, the vacuum-tube guidance system, as well as the complex fire control systems' radars, suffered from diminishing manufacturing source (DMS) issues. In part because of less parts supportability, Western European
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The IFC contained the search and tracking radars and control center (operators, computer, etc.), and various related offices and communications centres for general operations. To operate the Nike Hercules system on the IFC the crew consisted of about nine operators under command of the Battery
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The new design ultimately provided effective ranges on the order of 75 miles (65 nmi; 121 km) and altitudes ranging from 20,000 to 100,000 feet (6,100 to 30,500 m). Minimum range had a ground radius of approximately 10,000 yards (30,000 ft; 9,100 m) and an altitude of
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at this point, grew to become a much larger design. This, in turn, required a much larger booster to loft it, but this was solved by strapping together four of the existing Nike boosters to form a cluster known as the XM-42, with the only modification to the original M5 engine design being the
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When mounted on its booster pack, the Hercules missile was 41 feet 6 inches (12.65 m) long with a wingspan of 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) (one side only). The upper stage alone was 24 feet 11 inches (7.59 m) long. The fuselage had a bullet-like shape
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announced both systems would be purchased. Both forces, and their congressional supporters, realized that splitting the budget would mean neither force would be funded to the level required to fulfill the defence mission. In 1959 both the House and Senate debated the systems, with the Senate
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Approximately 25,000 Nike Hercules were manufactured. Three versions were produced, MIM-14A, B and C. The differences between these versions are not known. There are slight differences in dimensions as reported in different sources, it is not known if this is due to different versions.
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Improving performance against such targets would require either much higher resolution radars or much larger warheads. Of the two, the warhead seemed like the simplest problem to address. Like almost any thorny military problem of the 1950s, the solution was the application of
401:, only marginally effective against existing generations of propeller-driven aircraft, would not be effective at all against the emerging jet-powered designs. Like the Germans and British before them, they concluded the only successful defence would be to use guided weapons.
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that "one hard solid fact remerges above them all: no matter what the Nike is or isn't, it's the only land-based operational anti-aircraft missile that the U.S. has." By the time early Hercules deployments were starting in 1958, BOMARC was still nowhere near operational.
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re-positioned as required. LOPAR was relatively small, and the TTR/MTR were always trailer based, so these systems were also fairly mobile. The problem was the missile launcher itself, and especially the large HIPAR radar, which presented a formidable mobility problem.
507:) that wouldn't fit in the existing fuselage. In spite of the greatly increased explosive power, the WX-7 was only slightly heavier than the WX-9, about 950 lb (430 kg) for common XW-7 versions, as opposed to 850 lb (390 kg) for the XW-9.
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in the 1980s. Patriot's much higher accuracy allowed it to dispense with the nuclear warhead, and Hercules was the last US SAM to use this option. The last Hercules missiles were deactivated in Europe in 1988, without ever being fired in a military conflict.
1249:(later digital) continually computed a suitable intercept point in the sky and an expected 'time to fly' of the missile based on information from the TTR and basic performance information about the missile. This information was displayed on plotting boards.
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formation, the Nike would fly towards the center of the composite return. Given the Nike warhead's relatively small lethal radius, if the missile flew into the middle of the formation and exploded, it would be highly unlikely to destroy any of the aircraft.
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broadcast across a similar bandwidth, limiting the energy in any one frequency and allowing the operator to tune the receiver to find an unjammed band. Combining range from the TRR and direction from the TTR provided complete information on the target.
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with tests of both the conventional T45 and nuclear W-7 warheads. A variety of problems, including one found in the W-7 warhead, caused delays in the testing programs, so a single launch of the T45-equipped Hercules was also added to the AMMO project.
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in the missile. A short period after launch the actual location, i.e. azimuth, elevation and range of the missile were displayed on the plotting boards. The firing or launch command was given manually by the Battery Control Officer based on orders or
690:
This did not do much to stop the squabbling, nor did it solve the problems that led to the issues in the first place – the fight over Hercules and BOMARC and related anti-missile developments. Nor did it stop the fighting in the press. Army Colonel
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operational. It was later revealed that only one of the 60 missiles at the site was actually functional at that time. Engineers continued work on getting a second missile operational at McGuire, but the Air Force went ahead with plans to open the
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locations was directly above the elevator, the others were reached by manually pushing the missiles off the elevator to the launcher along rails. The LA also had a control van to control and monitor the LA activities and maintenance facilities.
573:
Solid fuel rockets can remain stored for years and are generally very difficult to ignite without an extended period of applied flame. This means they can be manhandled safely and maintained with the rocket motor installed. However, the lower
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IFC radars. Left: acquisition radar (LOPAR), three spherical antennae: tracking radars. Just behind the right two tracking radars the two vans for housing computer and tracking equipment and the operating consoles for the operators (crew of
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recommending cutting funding for Hercules and the House stating the opposite. The House eventually came to support the Defense Secretary's position as stated in the Master Air Defense Plan, retaining Hercules while reducing BOMARC and SAGE.
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system. The LOPAR provided rough range, azimuth and limited altitude or elevation information to the operators of the Target Tracking Radar (TTR), who would manually slew the TTR onto the target. Once locked-on, tracking was automatic.
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The primary change to create the resulting "Improved EFS/ATBM Hercules" was a modified version of the HIPAR. The antenna was modified to give it the ability to see higher angles, while the Battery Control Console was upgraded with dual
347:
Hercules was officially referred to as "transportable", but moving a battery was a significant operation and required considerable construction at the firing sites. Over its lifetime, significant effort was put into the development of
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design is considerably more efficient and uses much less nuclear fuel to reach any given explosive power. Bell proposed a much more modified design known as "Nike Hercules" with an enlarged upper fuselage able to carry the
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also being developed as an artillery round. The WX-9, like all gun-type designs, was long and thin, originally designed to be fired from an 11 in (280 mm) artillery piece, and easily fit within the Nike fuselage.
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stages that provided three times the range of the Ajax. Deployment began in 1958, initially at new bases, but it eventually took over many Ajax bases as well. At its peak, it was deployed at over 130 bases in the US alone.
812:
The IFC area of an Improved Nike Hercules site mounts its five radars on platforms for a better view. From left to right are the TTR and TRR, HIPAR (large white dome) LOPAR (small dark rectangle in center foreground) and
637:(ADC) to the point where it was no longer a serious concern. Nevertheless, when the Army first released information about Ajax to the press in 1953, the Air Force quickly responded by leaking information about BOMARC to
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program. FABMDS would have performance against any credible "theatre" ranged missile or rocket system, as well as offer anti-aircraft capabilities, the ability to attack four targets at once, and be relatively mobile.
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any changes in trajectory as it fell. The missile would eventually pass out of line-of-sight with the MTR, so final arming information was provided during the dive, and the warhead was triggered by a barometric fuse.
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test due to unrelated problems. A test against the much higher performance Pershing was carried out on 16 October 1963, and while the HIPAR was able to detect the missile, the tracking system was unable to track it.
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April 1961, starting with two Ajax launches that passed 14 yards and 18 yards from the drone targets, and a further 17 Hercules launches that were generally successful. Among the various test targets were a Mach 3
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largely complete by 1960, leaving only a few Ajax sites in use. The last active Nike Ajax batteries were relieved of their mission in December 1961, followed by the last Army National Guard unit in May 1964.
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to petition the Secretary of Defense to order the Air Force to stop the well organized campaign against Hercules. The Army then began its own series of press releases under what they called "Project Truth".
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Soon after design work started, the Army requested that the existing liquid fuel engine be replaced with a solid fuel design, for a variety of reasons. Primary among these was that the Ajax fuels were
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In early 1956, Bell began studies of the Improved Nike Hercules (INH) concept by considering the predicted threat for the 1960-65 period. This was aircraft with speeds up to Mach 3, a wide range of
644:
Things changed dramatically with the development of Hercules. By the early 1950s, the Air Force was still struggling with their own long-range weapon systems, originally started in the 1940s in the
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drones flying in formation, the first missile destroyed the lead aircraft while the second passed within lethal range of a second. Testing was unexpectedly cancelled before the W-7 could be fired.
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Any single battery could only launch a single missile at a time, due to the limited number of radars, computers and operators. Four Nike batteries were normally organized into a single battalion.
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Control Officer (BCO). The crew on the LA, also under command of the BCO, was responsible for preparing and erecting the missile. On both the IFC and the LA maintenance people were available.
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Although Hercules had demonstrated its ability to successfully engage short-range missiles, the capability was not considered very important. During development the Air Force continued its
888:. Also conducted were tests to evaluate ECM performance, two surface-to-surface tests, and two Hercules-on-Hercules attacks with the target Hercules flying in a semi-ballistic trajectory.
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As the larger Hercules would be easier to adapt to a longer-range form, the Army selected it as the winning design. Bell began working on the new design in concert with the Nike partners,
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bomber airfields, and general deployment then followed at US cities, important industrial sites, and then overseas bases. Similar systems quickly emerged from other nations, including the
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now known as LOPAR. HIPAR used its own displays and operators, and forwarded targeting information to the LOPAR operators who would then pick up those same targets on their own display.
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demonstrated a prototype on 11 February 1964. The AN/MPQ-43 Mobile HIPAR was made part of Hercules Standard A in August 1966 and began operational deployment in Europe on 12 April 1967.
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when that branch was formed in 1947. In 1946, the USAAF also started two early research projects into anti-missile systems in Project Thumper (MX-795) and Project Wizard (MX-794).
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of December 5, 1998, the missile inadvertently launched from a Nike missile site near the summit of Mount Bongnaesan where it exploded above some reclaimed land off Songdo (now
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design. Hercules would prove to be the last operational missile from Bell's Nike team; Zeus was never deployed, and Hercules's replacements were developed by different teams.
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356:-based electronics inherited from the early-1950s Ajax, and a variety of mobile options. None of these were adopted, in favor of much more mobile systems like the
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of these engines, combined with the requirement for longer range, demanded a much larger fuselage to store the required fuel. Hercules, still known officially as
339:, allowing it to carry a nuclear warhead in order to defeat entire formations of high-altitude supersonic targets. It evolved into a much larger missile with two
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concept, leaving only short-range weapons as an issue Hercules might need to address. To address this whole range of issues, Bell proposed a series of changes:
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This image shows the evolution of the Hercules and its associated launch systems as it replaced Ajax. Note the growth of the fuselage as it moved to solid fuel.
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studies for dedicated anti-missile systems. By 1959, Plato was still very much a paper project when news of large deployments of short-range missiles in the
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1012:. This system was successfully tested at White Sands on 1 October 1961. In spite of this success, the GOER-based Hercules would not be used operationally.
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610:. On 15 November 1956, the new missile was officially renamed as the Nike Hercules, as part of DA Circular 700-22, while the Nike I becoming Nike Ajax.
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became a clear threat. Plato was cancelled in February 1959, replaced in the short term by further upgrades to Hercules, and in the longer term by the
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The remains of former Nike site D-57/58 in Newport, Michigan. At the time this picture was taken in 1996, the site was a hazardous waste cleanup site.
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The battery crew was housed on-site, either at the IFC, or sometimes, together with administrative offices and general services on a separate area.
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TTR and TRR operator console. The TTR was operated by three operators (range, elevation and azimuth). The TRR was operated by the track supervisor.
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article of 1954, Ajax did not have an IFF system. It is not clear if this was added later, and if so, if it was part of the HIPAR or LOPAR setups.
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Meanwhile, the Air Force scrambled to bring BOMARC to operational status, and on 1 September 1959 declared the 46th Air Defense Squadron at
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It did, however, allow development of Hercules to continue, and the system was soon preparing to deploy. In 1958 an article appeared in the
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Prior to launch, the Missile Tracking Radar (MTR) locked on to the transponder in the selected missile. Like the Ajax, the Hercules used a
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shocked everyone when he requested that BOMARC deployments be reduced to eight US and two Canadian sites, essentially killing the program.
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It is not clear in existing sources why the design was named "Nike B" and not "Nike IB", given that the Nike Zeus was known as "Nike II".
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the same range of view, the tracking radars were also often placed on concrete platforms of their own, although these were much smaller.
5031:
4905:
1076:, were deactivated by April 1974. The remaining units were deactivated during the spring of 1979. Dismantling of the sites in Florida –
638:
1281:
target information and the intercept point were displayed on the plotting boards and the BCO selected the right time to manually fire.
665:
entitled "Air Force Calls Army Nike Unfit To Guard Nation". This was answered most forcibly not by the Army, but the Defense Secretary
5026:
2919:
2767:
2063:
1914:
1789:
1631:
178:
nuclear 2 kt (M-97) or 20 kt (M-22) or T-45 HE warhead weighing 1,106 pounds (502 kg) and containing 600 pounds (270 kg) of
1846:
757:
471:"Nike Ajax" used a slightly modified Nike missile, largely a re-arrangement of the internal components, making room for the 15
1053:
112. Budgetary cuts reduced that number to 87 in 1968, and 82 in 1969. Nike Hercules was included in SALT I discussions as an ABM.
1601:
Battery Control Officer operating position with the acquisition radar operator on the left and the computer operator on the right
371:
Hercules remained the US's primary heavy SAM until it began to be replaced by the higher performance and considerably more mobile
4951:
4795:
4507:
1535:
1097:
1093:
2814:
2736:
1544:
4986:
3628:
3249:
1663:
547:
328:, but could also be fitted with a conventional warhead for export use. Its warhead also allowed it to be used in a secondary
3010:
1187:
swept-wing fins at the extreme rear, behind the rocket exhaust, using a diamond cross-section suitable for supersonic lift.
1131:
older Ajax bases, using their underground storage and maintenance buildings. 145 missile batteries were deployed during the
750:
In the aftermath of the Hercules/BOMARC debates, retired Army Brigadier General Thomas R. Phillips wrote an article for the
2797:
2531:
2093:
5056:
4800:
4708:
4693:
491:
859:
determine which pulse it sent out and which is from the jammer. Note that this has no effect on the determination of the
5049:
4976:
4971:
4790:
4657:
1225:
739:
448:
4879:
1000:
Starting in April 1960, considerable effort was put into a fully mobile "Cross-Country Hercules" launcher based on the
4455:
1041:
3809:
416:
won the Ordnance contract for a short-range line-of-sight weapon under Project Nike, while a team of players led by
4966:
4750:
4430:
4195:
4190:
4069:
3058:
851:
the addition of the wide-frequency Ku-band Target Ranging Radar (TRR) to provide ranging in a heavy ECM environment
329:
808:
4617:
4532:
4465:
4295:
4059:
3824:
3242:
3015:
1234:
1045:
826:
629:
Air Force fighters being attacked by Army missiles, but the two forces improved co-ordination between the Army's
349:
848:
the addition of the long-range L-band "High Power Acquisition Radar" (HIPAR) to detect small, high-speed targets
5006:
4941:
3234:
1556:
1233:
location, but the receiver cannot easily determine which pulse was sent by the radar and which was sent by the
1191:
yields of 2 kt (Y1) or 30 kt (Y2). The last versions carried the W31 Mod 2 warhead, with yields of 2 or 20 kt.
1081:
523:
511:
Nike was only comfortable launching at about 25 miles (40 km). This could be increased even further using
83:
3693:
3683:
4839:
4445:
1077:
968:
778:
warhead replaced by an instrument package and launched against a 350-knot (400 mph; 650 km/h) Q2A
752:
653:
595:
483:
468:. In May 1952, Bell was asked to explore such an adaptation to the Nike. They returned two design concepts.
431:
In 1953, Project Nike delivered the world's first operational anti-aircraft missile system, known simply as
340:
2990:
4260:
2823:
734:
535:
361:
310:
55:
2649:
2589:
5092:
4815:
4607:
4180:
4084:
3051:
2884:
2855:
1984:
1203:
1170:
692:
436:
4482:
4450:
1180:
590:
for the Ajax. Ajax's boosters were housed in steel tubes that fell near the base, presenting a serious
2609:
1103:
The U.S. Army continued to use Hercules as a front-line air defense weapon in Europe until 1983, when
1028:
871:
The antennae of the LOPAR radar component (originally, the Ajax detection radar) and IFF interrogator.
5011:
4961:
4869:
4379:
3817:
3223:
3097:
2860:
2705:
1989:
1863:
1687:
1274:
770:
666:
480:
179:
4677:
4672:
911:
4557:
4517:
4512:
4357:
4280:
3075:
1319:
1314:
1258:
854:
the addition of an active seeker on the missile to improve performance against low-altitude targets
822:
634:
543:
496:
274:
171:
4849:
4810:
4642:
3658:
3038:
Holm Hinrichs Collection, The University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections
4592:
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4399:
4367:
4074:
3932:
3784:
3648:
3265:
2628:
2248:
784:
512:
409:
That is, whether the missile operated more like an aircraft (Air Force) or a rocket (Ordnance).
332:
role, and the system also demonstrated its ability to hit other short-range missiles in flight.
5021:
5001:
4652:
4597:
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4522:
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4310:
4145:
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3728:
3723:
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2865:
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2148:
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2130:
2077:
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2059:
1994:
1928:
1920:
1910:
1842:
1795:
1785:
944:
940:
712:
542:. This used much less fissile material and was thus considerably less expensive. Developed by
413:
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394:
78:
4824:
4647:
4409:
5016:
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4014:
4004:
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3031:
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2114:
1951:
1683:
1648:
1017:
696:
575:
519:
365:
289:
73:
1016:
to carry HIPAR electronic gear, one to carry the antenna, and one to carry the generators.
4874:
4859:
4829:
4770:
4718:
4713:
4667:
4582:
4537:
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4285:
4255:
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4044:
4019:
4009:
3982:
3947:
3912:
3880:
3865:
3612:
3592:
3587:
3562:
3557:
3537:
3522:
3506:
3441:
3431:
3406:
3345:
3335:
3310:
3092:
2941:
2896:
2789:
2656:
2616:
2596:
2135:
2085:
1936:
1803:
1246:
1211:
1104:
960:
952:
948:
881:
744:
726:
718:
432:
372:
336:
325:
2200:
1327:), showering residential areas with debris, destroying parked cars and breaking windows.
1036:
988:
558:
41:
4936:
4834:
4760:
4733:
4662:
4527:
4435:
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4362:
4347:
4305:
4200:
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4124:
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4034:
3999:
3952:
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3456:
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3416:
3411:
3401:
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3340:
3325:
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3315:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3117:
1307:
920:
885:
704:
680:
661:
527:
500:
472:
465:
270:
2678:"Nike History, Eyewitness accounts of Timothy Ryan, Carl Durling, and Charles Rudicil"
5071:
4775:
4740:
4728:
4723:
4612:
4460:
4270:
4210:
4185:
4165:
4155:
4129:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
3994:
3977:
3907:
3885:
3860:
3855:
3486:
3218:
3208:
3178:
3168:
3143:
2999:
2905:
2370:(Washington: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1972), p. 153.
1900:
1777:
1514:
992:
Considerable work on a mobile launcher was carried out using a modified GOER vehicle.
924:
700:
695:
publicly denounced Wilson, while leaking details of their latest missile design, the
649:
648:
project. The project had moved several times, and was now in late development as the
623:
318:
218:
214:
204:
200:
2368:
The Troubled Alliance: Turkish-American Problems in Historical Perspective 1945–1971
939:
The Hercules system was compared to threats ranging from the relatively short-range
760:
had been the "most costly waste of funds in the history of the Defense Department."
17:
4900:
4884:
4864:
4854:
4844:
4805:
4755:
4745:
4698:
4632:
4602:
4562:
4547:
4384:
4337:
4290:
4265:
4230:
4150:
4039:
3957:
3870:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3481:
3376:
3280:
3203:
3193:
3173:
3084:
2835:
2163:
1653:
1108:
1085:
1056:
1005:
956:
915:
A Corporal missile engaged by a Nike Hercules in a test at White Sands, 3 June 1960
779:
591:
425:
390:
959:, and finally the long-range (for battlefield concerns) 200 mi (320 km)
1820:
899:) were subsequently fitted with upgraded internal guidance systems, the original
659:
In a famous event, the Air Force interviewed for an article that appeared in the
4572:
4342:
4332:
4235:
4023:
3972:
3942:
3937:
3922:
3897:
3643:
3607:
3597:
3532:
3461:
3153:
3133:
2753:
2049:
1449:
1436:
1273:
Hercules missiles were normally stored in a "safe" mode, using various keys and
1265:
neared the intercept point a command signal was sent to the missile to explode.
1253:
1009:
928:
900:
357:
353:
266:
1336:
4374:
4275:
4245:
3758:
3213:
3198:
3188:
3163:
3148:
2362:
December 23, 1959, p. 50; Irving Heymont, "The NATO Nuclear Bilateral Forces"
1799:
1114:
Approximately 25,000 Nike Hercules were manufactured. Early models cost about
599:
567:
440:
3043:
2869:
2831:
2785:
2755:
To Defend and Deter: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Missile Program
2152:
2144:
2081:
2051:
To Defend and Deter: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Missile Program
1998:
4956:
4170:
4119:
3183:
3158:
3107:
2937:
2793:
2677:
2216:
2089:
1932:
1224:
Once a target was found on the LOPAR, it could be identified with aid of an
1001:
838:
687:
systems to the Air Force, and to limit the range of their ABM developments.
531:
504:
476:
2965:
2945:
1940:
1807:
4819:
3138:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
1782:
Nuclear Weapons Databook: Volume I - U.S. Nuclear Forces and Capabilities
1303:
1132:
671:
641:, and continued to denigrate Nike in the press over the next few years.
4703:
4577:
4567:
4492:
4425:
3753:
3748:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3688:
3653:
3638:
3633:
1384:
1371:
1358:
1069:
630:
550:, it was given 1A priority by the Joint Chiefs of Staff in March 1953.
405:
4785:
4765:
4627:
4587:
4487:
4352:
4327:
4300:
4205:
3779:
3112:
3102:
2994:
1501:
1488:
1462:
1397:
1073:
972:
earlier system required manual switching that took about 30 seconds.
932:
896:
606:
As part of the upgrade project, the original missile became known as
417:
335:
Hercules was originally developed as a simple upgrade to the earlier
199:
Hercules M42 solid-fueled rocket cluster (4× M5E1 Nike boosters) 978
1712:
The "simulated target" appears to be purely simulated, not a drone.
4981:
4931:
4926:
4029:
3967:
3962:
2929:
2907:
Seize the High Ground: The U. S. Army in Space and Missile Defense
1924:
1902:
Seize the High Ground: The U. S. Army in Space and Missile Defense
1691:
1475:
1423:
1410:
1169:
1146:
1065:
1055:
1035:
1027:
987:
910:
866:
807:
557:
2904:
Walker, James; Bernstein, Lewis; Lang, Sharon (19 January 2005).
2610:"Nike Hercules Booster Motor Assembly Markings and Paint Schemes"
2139:. Vol. 169, no. 3. 1 September 1956. pp. 152–155.
1899:
Walker, James; Bernstein, Lewis; Lang, Sharon (19 January 2005).
837:
were also a consideration, but these were being addressed by the
2777:
2073:
834:
830:
684:
679:
All of this was part of a larger fight going on over the Army's
444:
314:
3813:
3238:
3047:
583:
addition of new holes to bolt them together, creating the M5E.
526:. Instead of the basic W-7, development of an improved 20
3005:
1784:. Vol. I (First ed.). Ballinger Publishing Company.
1658:
539:
322:
175:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1151:
Tracking radar of the Nike Hercules system on its own trailer
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
1625:
MTR operator console. The MTR was operated by one operator.
845:
improvements to the X-band TTR/MTR radars to increase range
260:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2343:
2341:
3021:
2752:
Lonnquest, John C.; Winkler, David F. (1 November 1996).
2048:
Lonnquest, John C.; Winkler, David F. (1 November 1996).
614:
approximately 20,000 feet (6,100 m) 20,000 ft.
3040:
Files of Holm Hinrichs, project manager on Nike Hercules
3026:
2294:"Nickerson Accuses Wilson Of 'Grave Errors' On Missiles"
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
5051:
United States tri-service rocket designations post-1963
2416:
2414:
2412:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1118:
each, while most recent cost estimate, from Japan, was
2735:(Report). Denver National Park Service. Archived from
2457:"Naval Forces' Capability for Theater Missile Defense"
1068:
Hercules batteries, with the exception of the ones in
725:
Eventually, in November the new Secretary of Defense,
699:. The resulting flap led to calls for Nickerson to be
317:
armed forces for medium- and high-altitude long-range
125:
26 feet 10 inches (8.18 m) second stage
5083:
Cold War surface-to-air missiles of the United States
1894:
1892:
1890:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1207:
Nike Hercules guidance schematic, surface-to-air mode
2733:
Last Line Of Defense: Nike Missile Sites In Illinois
159:
6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) second stage
4914:
4893:
4686:
4418:
4138:
3848:
3841:
1963 United States Tri-Service missile designations
3767:
3621:
3515:
3369:
3273:
3126:
3083:
2532:"The Nike Hercules of the Italian Air Force Museum"
2366:94:4 Winter 1966, pp. 1025–1041; George S. Harris,
281:
259:
251:
239:
231:
191:
166:
149:
132:
115:
107:
102:
92:
66:
61:
51:
32:
2211:
2209:
598:produced the T48E1 and E2 designs for Ajax used a
420:won the contract for a long-range design known as
2394:April 9, 1959, p. 7 and December 23, 1959, p. 50.
2203:, Federation of American Scientists, 29 June 1999
1245:As soon as the TTR was locked on to a target, an
903:systems being replaced with transistorized ones.
213:Sustainer: Thiokol M30 solid-fueled rocket 44.4
156:11 feet 6 inches (3.51 m) booster
2629:"SF-88 NIKE MISSILE ASSEMBLY and SERVICE AREAS"
586:During this period, some effort was put into a
5078:Cold War nuclear missiles of the United States
2488:"Nike-Hercules Anti-Aircraft Missile Launched"
2246:"Air Force Calls Army Unfit to Guard Nation".
412:Official requirements were published in 1945;
3825:
3250:
3059:
2970:. Redstone Arsenal: U.S. Army Missile Command
2912:United States Army Center of Military History
2268:"New Battle Looms Over Army's Newest Missile"
1907:United States Army Center of Military History
1758:United States Army Center of Military History
8:
1060:MIM-14C on display at JASDF Museum Hamamatsu
951:through medium-range systems like Corporal,
895:The Hercules missile systems sold to Japan (
783:29 July launched two missiles against three
2577:
2550:
2115:"Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons"
1589:MIM-14 Nike-H missile at Okinawa, June 1967
800:first deployments in Europe began in 1959.
5098:Military equipment introduced in the 1950s
3832:
3818:
3810:
3257:
3243:
3235:
3066:
3052:
3044:
2967:History of the Nike Hercules Weapon System
2320:"Army Weights Court-Martial Over Missiles"
1969:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLeonard2011 (
1748:
1746:
1174:The four Ajax M5E1 boosters of the missile
29:
3268:missile and rocket designations 1948–1963
2731:Carlson, Christina; Lyon, Robert (1996).
2534:, The Aviationist, Retrieved: 2012-11-26.
2261:
2259:
2117:, Nuclear Weapon Archive, 14 October 2006
1107:batteries were deployed. NATO units from
1008:that saw considerable service during the
3022:The last operational North American unit
2696:
2694:
2131:"Will NIKE Protect Us from Red Bombers?"
1335:
1210:
1202:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
1993:: 295–299, 302–303. 25 September 1959.
1964:
1841:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 201.
1742:
1675:
1576:(note the above ground storage shelter)
1524:
1340:Map with former MIM-14 operators in red
2892:
2882:
2125:
2123:
1780:; Hoenig, Milton M. (1 January 1984).
1325:Songdo International Business District
364:role later emerged as the much larger
2800:from the original on 18 February 2021
2519:
2504:"Missile Fired from Mobile Transport"
2475:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2403:
2379:
2347:
2188:
2176:
2096:from the original on 18 February 2021
7:
2816:Nike Zeus: The U.S. Army's First ABM
2760:Defense Technical Information Center
2217:"NIKE HERCULES SYSTEMS CAPABILITIES"
2056:Defense Technical Information Center
1881:
1040:A relic Nike as a monument near the
142:second stage 21 inches (530 mm)
2854:Technical Editor (2 August 1962).
1864:"Alaska's Cold War Nuclear Shield"
25:
5057:Drones designated in UAV sequence
3027:Ed Thelen's Nike Missile Web Site
2636:Ed Thelen's Nike Missile Web Site
2266:Larsen, Douglas (1 August 1957).
2201:"Nike Ajax (SAM-A-7) (MIM-3, 3A)"
1821:HERCULES MIM-14, MIM-14A, MIM-14B
321:. It was normally armed with the
139:booster 31.5 inches (800 mm)
2459:, National Academies Press, 2001
1630:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1574:Dutch Nike site in West Germany
1567:
1555:
1543:
1536:NATO Missile Firing Installation
1534:Nike Hercules after take-off at
1527:
1507:
1494:
1481:
1468:
1455:
1442:
1429:
1416:
1403:
1390:
1377:
1364:
1351:
1098:Second Allied Tactical Air Force
1094:Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force
422:Ground-to-Air Pilotless Aircraft
397:(USAAF) concluded that existing
40:
4466:BGM-109/AGM-109/RGM-109/UGM-109
2650:"Index of Nike-Hercules Images"
1664:List of Nike missile locations
360:. Another development for the
27:Type of surface-to-air missile
1:
5088:Nuclear anti-aircraft weapons
2599:, TM-9-1410-250-12/1, US Army
2508:Daytona Beach Morning Journal
2326:. 25 February 1957. p. 1
1637:Coder decoder group AN/MSQ-18
618:Bomarc / Hercules controversy
424:, or GAPA. GAPA moved to the
111:10,710 pounds (4,860 kg)
2300:. 28 June 1957. p. B-14
1226:Identification friend or foe
740:Suffolk County Missile Annex
707:court-martial in the 1920s.
449:English Electric Thunderbird
255:100,000 feet (30,000 m)
3622:Unguided rockets, 1940–1963
2822:. Fall's Church, Virginia:
2758:. USA-CERL Special Report.
2492:Charleston News and Courier
2054:. USA-CERL Special Report.
1825:The Nike Historical Society
1550:Two Nikes on transport rail
923:while the Army started its
122:41 feet (12 m) overall
5114:
3002:at Designation-Systems.net
1866:. Nike Historical Society.
1682:Examples include the US's
1235:electronic countermeasures
827:electronic countermeasures
621:
380:Development and deployment
5040:
3793:
3016:Encyclopedia Astronautica
2813:Kaplan, Lawrence (2006).
2702:"Incheon Bridge at Night"
2252:. 21 May 1956. p. 1.
1046:White Sands Missile Range
499:warhead of up to 40
186:
39:
3516:1955–1963 missile system
3370:1951–1955 missile system
3274:1948–1951 missile system
2494:, 2 October 1961, p. 3A.
1839:A Dictionary of Aviation
1837:Wragg, David W. (1973).
1082:Everglades National Park
1004:vehicle, an articulated
703:and was compared to the
524:Douglas Aircraft Company
84:Douglas Aircraft Company
3006:Nike Historical Society
2578:Carlson & Lyon 1996
2551:Carlson & Lyon 1996
2510:, 2 October 1961, p. 1.
1289:Surface-to-surface mode
753:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
654:policy by press release
313:(SAM) used by U.S. and
301:, initially designated
182:M17 blast-fragmentation
3034:at TheMilitaryStandard
2824:Missile Defense Agency
2236:, 6 April 1953, p. 15.
1754:Army Missiles Handbook
1341:
1217:
1208:
1199:Detection and tracking
1175:
1152:
1061:
1049:
1033:
993:
916:
872:
814:
804:Improved Nike Hercules
735:McGuire Air Force Base
563:
546:in Albuquerque and at
362:anti-ballistic missile
311:surface-to-air missile
247:90 miles (140 km)
56:Surface-to-air missile
5027:M30 GMLRS/M31 GMLRS-U
3800:Designation uncertain
1862:Raichle, Bob (2012).
1339:
1214:
1206:
1173:
1150:
1059:
1039:
1031:
991:
914:
907:Anti-missile upgrades
870:
811:
693:John C. Nickerson Jr.
561:
437:Strategic Air Command
404:As early as 1944 the
352:replacements for the
46:Nike Hercules missile
34:MIM-14 Nike Hercules
4311:AGM-84/RGM-84/UGM-84
3224:Taurus Nike Tomahawk
2964:Cagle, Mary (1973).
2861:Flight International
2324:St. Petersburg Times
2298:The News and Courier
1990:Flight International
1776:Cochran, Thomas B.;
1259:Rules of Engagements
1048:, New Mexico in 2009
823:radar cross sections
771:Eglin Air Force Base
667:Charles Erwin Wilson
633:and the Air Force's
269: 4 (3,045
174:(2.5 or 28 kt later
18:MIM-14 Nike Hercules
2841:on 19 February 2013
2478:, pp. 190–196.
2435:, pp. 169–171.
2406:, pp. 163–164.
1967:, pp. 3–4, 18.
1320:The Washington Post
1315:Inchon, South Korea
1298:Accidental launches
764:Operation SNODGRASS
635:Air Defense Command
544:Sandia Laboratories
3768:Undesignated types
3266:United States Army
2895:has generic name (
2655:2012-07-01 at the
2615:2014-01-08 at the
2595:2014-01-08 at the
2580:, Nike Operations.
2392:The New York Times
2360:The New York Times
2350:, pp. 98–120.
2249:The New York Times
1342:
1218:
1209:
1176:
1153:
1062:
1050:
1034:
994:
917:
873:
815:
785:F-80 Shooting Star
717:ARAACOM commander
564:
513:stand-off missiles
484:"gun-type" warhead
399:anti-aircraft guns
330:surface-to-surface
62:Production history
5065:
5064:
3807:
3806:
3232:
3231:
3078:family of rockets
2708:on 31 August 2012
2191:, pp. 67–78.
1778:Arkin, William M.
1760:. 1 January 1960.
1721:According to the
1690:, and the USSR's
1577:
1437:Republic of Korea
884:, a drone, and a
713:Chicago Sun-Times
588:frangible booster
455:Ajax and Hercules
414:Bell Laboratories
395:US Army Air Force
295:
294:
79:Bell Laboratories
16:(Redirected from
5105:
5052:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3811:
3604:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3554:
3544:
3503:
3493:
3478:
3473:
3428:
3332:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3236:
3144:Nike-Black Brant
3127:Sounding rockets
3068:
3061:
3054:
3045:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2960:
2957:Internet Archive
2954:
2952:
2900:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2840:
2834:. Archived from
2821:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2704:. Archived from
2698:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2674:
2659:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2633:
2625:
2619:
2606:
2600:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2554:
2548:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2501:
2495:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2272:Sarasota Journal
2263:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2213:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2127:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2045:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1952:Internet Archive
1949:
1947:
1896:
1885:
1879:
1868:
1867:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1834:
1828:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1773:
1762:
1761:
1750:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1684:AGM-28 Hound Dog
1680:
1649:List of missiles
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1575:
1571:
1562:Missile elevator
1559:
1547:
1531:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1345:Former operators
1275:pull-to-arm pins
1181:Sears–Haack body
1121:
1117:
1018:General Electric
886:Corporal missile
756:that BOMARC and
697:Pershing missile
576:specific impulse
538:design known as
520:Western Electric
443:(SA-2) from the
366:LIM-49 Nike Zeus
290:command guidance
262:
98:1980s (upgrades)
74:Western Electric
44:
35:
30:
21:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5050:
5036:
4910:
4889:
4682:
4553:RUM-125/UUM-125
4533:CQM-121/CGM-121
4414:
4134:
3844:
3838:
3808:
3803:
3789:
3763:
3617:
3602:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3552:
3542:
3511:
3501:
3491:
3476:
3471:
3426:
3365:
3330:
3269:
3263:
3233:
3228:
3122:
3079:
3072:
2987:
2982:
2973:
2971:
2963:
2950:
2948:
2922:
2903:
2891:
2881:
2874:
2872:
2853:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2819:
2812:
2803:
2801:
2770:
2751:
2742:
2740:
2739:on 3 March 2016
2730:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2662:
2657:Wayback Machine
2648:Stephen Maire,
2647:
2643:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2617:Wayback Machine
2608:Mike Cantrell,
2607:
2603:
2597:Wayback Machine
2588:
2584:
2576:
2557:
2549:
2538:
2530:
2526:
2522:, pp. 196.
2518:
2514:
2502:
2498:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2427:
2419:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2358:
2354:
2346:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2221:nikemissile.org
2215:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2157:
2155:
2136:Popular Science
2129:
2128:
2121:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2066:
2047:
2046:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1945:
1943:
1917:
1898:
1897:
1888:
1880:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1819:
1815:
1792:
1775:
1774:
1765:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1723:Popular Science
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1626:
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1572:
1563:
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1539:
1532:
1523:
1508:
1506:
1495:
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1469:
1467:
1456:
1454:
1443:
1441:
1430:
1428:
1417:
1415:
1404:
1402:
1391:
1389:
1378:
1376:
1365:
1363:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1334:
1300:
1291:
1271:
1269:Launch sequence
1247:analog computer
1243:
1201:
1168:
1141:
1128:
1119:
1115:
1105:Patriot missile
1026:
986:
984:Mobile Hercules
909:
882:Lockheed AQM-60
825:, and powerful
806:
793:
766:
745:Thomas D. White
727:Neil H. McElroy
719:Charles E. Hart
701:court-martialed
681:Jupiter missile
669:, who wrote in
626:
620:
556:
536:boosted fission
457:
387:
382:
373:MIM-104 Patriot
337:MIM-3 Nike Ajax
326:nuclear warhead
286:
284:
244:
242:
227:
222:
208:
187:
162:
145:
128:
97:
88:
47:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5111:
5109:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5070:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4937:Common Missile
4934:
4929:
4924:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
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4832:
4827:
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4813:
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4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
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4655:
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4605:
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4545:
4540:
4535:
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4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3843:, 1963–present
3839:
3837:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3814:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2986:
2985:External links
2983:
2981:
2980:
2961:
2921:978-1508421665
2920:
2901:
2851:
2810:
2769:978-0976149453
2768:
2749:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2690:
2660:
2641:
2620:
2601:
2590:"Overall View"
2582:
2555:
2536:
2524:
2512:
2496:
2480:
2461:
2449:
2447:, p. 171.
2437:
2425:
2423:, p. 167.
2408:
2396:
2384:
2382:, p. 186.
2372:
2352:
2337:
2311:
2285:
2255:
2238:
2226:
2205:
2193:
2181:
2169:
2119:
2107:
2065:978-0976149453
2064:
2011:
1976:
1957:
1916:978-1508421665
1915:
1886:
1884:, p. 165.
1869:
1854:
1847:
1829:
1813:
1791:978-0884101734
1790:
1763:
1741:
1739:
1736:
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1522:
1519:
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1517:
1504:
1491:
1478:
1465:
1452:
1439:
1426:
1413:
1400:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1346:
1343:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1317:. Reported in
1312:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1270:
1267:
1242:
1239:
1200:
1197:
1167:
1164:
1140:
1137:
1127:
1124:
1025:
1022:
985:
982:
921:Project Wizard
908:
905:
856:
855:
852:
849:
846:
805:
802:
792:
789:
765:
762:
705:Billy Mitchell
662:New York Times
622:Main article:
619:
616:
555:
552:
492:implosion-type
490:The competing
456:
453:
386:
383:
381:
378:
293:
292:
287:
282:
279:
278:
263:
261:Maximum speed
257:
256:
253:
252:Flight ceiling
249:
248:
245:
240:
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
226:
225:
220:
211:
206:
203:(220,000
196:
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168:
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136:
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117:
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112:
109:
105:
104:
103:Specifications
100:
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63:
59:
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53:
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2:
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5033:
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5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
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4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
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4913:
4907:
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4902:
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4898:
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4858:
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3936:
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3926:
3924:
3923:CGM-13/MGM-13
3921:
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3255:
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3241:
3240:
3237:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:Nike-Yardbird
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:Nike-Tomahawk
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3179:Nike-Malemute
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3169:Nike-Iroquois
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
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3147:
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3140:
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3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
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3101:
3099:
3098:Nike Hercules
3096:
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3018:
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3012:
3011:Nike Hercules
3009:
3007:
3004:
3001:
3000:Nike Hercules
2998:
2996:
2992:
2991:Nike missiles
2989:
2988:
2984:
2969:
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2962:
2958:
2947:
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2898:
2893:|author=
2886:
2871:
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2239:
2235:
2234:Aviation Week
2230:
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2222:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2179:, p. 67.
2178:
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2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1985:"Thunderbird"
1980:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
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1848:9780850451634
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1515:United States
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1125:
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1112:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1096:(4 ATAF) and
1095:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:Alpha Battery
1075:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1043:
1042:U.S. Route 70
1038:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1013:
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998:
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983:
981:
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973:
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964:
962:
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946:
942:
937:
934:
930:
926:
925:Project Plato
922:
913:
906:
904:
902:
898:
893:
889:
887:
883:
877:
869:
865:
862:
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688:
686:
682:
677:
674:
673:
668:
664:
663:
657:
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
639:Aviation Week
636:
632:
625:
624:CIM-10 Bomarc
617:
615:
611:
609:
604:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
581:
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571:
569:
560:
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551:
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541:
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521:
516:
514:
508:
506:
502:
498:
493:
488:
485:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
466:nuclear bombs
461:
454:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
407:
402:
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384:
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351:
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333:
331:
327:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:Nike Hercules
291:
288:
280:
276:
273:; 4,900
272:
268:
264:
258:
254:
250:
246:
238:
234:
230:
223:
217:(10,000
216:
212:
209:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
158:
155:
154:
152:
148:
141:
138:
137:
135:
131:
124:
121:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
95:
91:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
71:
69:
65:
60:
57:
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
5093:Project Nike
5044:
4915:Undesignated
3927:
3797:Not assigned
3547:
3496:
3204:Nike T40 T55
3194:Nike-Recruit
3174:Nike-Javelin
3085:Project Nike
3014:
2972:. Retrieved
2966:
2955:– via
2949:. Retrieved
2906:
2885:cite journal
2873:. Retrieved
2859:
2843:. Retrieved
2836:the original
2815:
2802:. Retrieved
2754:
2741:. Retrieved
2737:the original
2724:Bibliography
2710:. Retrieved
2706:the original
2681:. Retrieved
2644:
2635:
2623:
2604:
2585:
2527:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2452:
2440:
2428:
2399:
2391:
2387:
2375:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2328:. Retrieved
2323:
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2297:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2274:. p. 35
2271:
2247:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2220:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2164:Google Books
2162:– via
2156:. Retrieved
2134:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2050:
2002:. Retrieved
1988:
1979:
1965:Leonard 2011
1960:
1950:– via
1944:. Retrieved
1901:
1857:
1838:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1781:
1753:
1722:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1678:
1654:Project Nike
1318:
1292:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1263:
1251:
1244:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1142:
1129:
1113:
1109:West Germany
1102:
1090:
1086:Kincaid Park
1063:
1051:
1024:Deactivation
1014:
999:
995:
978:
974:
965:
938:
918:
894:
890:
878:
874:
860:
857:
820:
816:
798:
794:
780:Ryan Firebee
776:
767:
751:
749:
732:
724:
711:
709:
689:
678:
670:
660:
658:
643:
627:
612:
607:
605:
592:range safety
587:
585:
579:
572:
565:
517:
509:
489:
470:
462:
458:
430:
426:US Air Force
411:
403:
391:World War II
388:
385:Project Nike
370:
346:
334:
306:
302:
298:
296:
67:Manufacturer
5012:Senior Prom
4050:LGM-35 (II)
3154:Nike-Deacon
3134:Nike-Apache
2951:16 February
2864:: 165–170.
2856:"Nike Zeus"
2804:18 February
2683:11 November
2158:18 February
2100:18 February
1946:16 February
1686:, the UK's
1450:Netherlands
1254:transponder
1126:Description
1010:Vietnam War
1006:prime mover
945:Honest John
941:Little John
929:Warsaw Bloc
901:vacuum tube
451:in the UK.
358:MIM-23 Hawk
354:vacuum tube
350:solid state
319:air defense
241:Operational
215:kilonewtons
201:kilonewtons
96:1958–1970s
5072:Categories
4729:AGM-158A/B
4045:AQM-35 (I)
3214:Nike-Viper
3199:Nike Smoke
3189:Nike-Orion
3164:Nike-Hydac
3149:Nike-Cajun
2930:2005364289
2712:5 December
2520:Cagle 1973
2476:Cagle 1973
2445:Cagle 1973
2433:Cagle 1973
2421:Cagle 1973
2404:Cagle 1973
2380:Cagle 1973
2348:Cagle 1973
2189:Cagle 1973
2177:Cagle 1973
1925:2005364289
1800:1065028322
1733:References
1688:Blue Steel
1116:US$ 55,250
791:Deployment
600:fiberglass
568:hypergolic
554:Solid fuel
548:Los Alamos
503:(170
447:, and the
441:S-75 Dvina
341:solid fuel
305:and later
235:solid fuel
232:Propellant
170:initially
5045:See also:
4957:Have Dash
4321:AGM-84H/K
4020:MGM-31A/B
3785:Ping-Pong
3184:Nike-Nike
3159:Nike-Hawk
3108:Nike Zeus
3093:Nike Ajax
2974:1 January
2870:0015-3710
2832:232605150
2794:31971243M
2786:889997003
2743:1 January
2153:488612811
2145:0161-7370
2090:31971243M
2082:889997003
1999:0015-3710
1882:Zeus 1962
1738:Citations
1538:in Greece
1332:Operators
1122:million.
1044:entry to
1002:M520 Goer
861:direction
839:Nike Zeus
594:concern.
530:(84
475:(63
195:Booster:
4820:AIM-174B
4734:AGM-158C
4471:BGM-109G
4368:"AIM-92"
3507:SSM-A-27
3497:SAM-A-25
3487:SSM-A-23
3467:SAM-A-19
3462:SAM-A-18
3457:SSM-A-17
3452:SSM-A-16
3447:SSM-A-15
3442:SSM-A-14
3437:SSM-A-13
3432:SSM-A-12
3361:SSM-G-17
3356:SSM-G-16
3351:SSM-G-15
3346:SSM-G-14
3341:SSM-G-13
3336:SSM-G-12
3326:RTV-G-10
3139:Nike-Asp
2946:7380755M
2938:57711369
2798:Archived
2778:96036508
2653:Archived
2613:Archived
2593:Archived
2094:Archived
2074:96036508
1941:7380755M
1933:57711369
1808:8192870M
1643:See also
1304:Naha AFB
1241:Guidance
1133:cold war
961:Redstone
953:Sergeant
949:Lacrosse
672:Newsweek
309:, was a
303:SAM-A-25
283:Guidance
150:Wingspan
133:Diameter
93:Produced
5022:Wagtail
5002:OpFires
4922:Aequare
4906:MIM-401
4901:AIM-260
4885:AGM-187
4880:MQM-186
4875:MQM-185
4870:RGM-184
4865:AGM-183
4860:LGM-182
4855:AGM-181
4850:AGM-180
4845:AGM-179
4840:MQM-178
4835:BQM-177
4830:AGM-176
4825:MQM-175
4816:RIM-174
4811:GQM-173
4806:FGM-172
4801:MQM-171
4796:MQM-170
4791:AGM-169
4786:MGM-168
4781:BQM-167
4776:MGM-166
4771:RGM-165
4766:MGM-164
4761:GQM-163
4756:RIM-162
4751:RIM-161
4746:ADM-160
4741:AGM-159
4724:MGM-157
4719:RIM-156
4714:BQM-155
4709:AGM-154
4704:AGM-153
4699:AIM-152
4694:FQM-151
4687:151–200
4678:PQM-150
4673:PQM-149
4668:FGM-148
4663:BQM-147
4658:MIM-146
4653:BQM-145
4648:ADM-144
4643:MQM-143
4638:AGM-142
4633:ADM-141
4628:MGM-140
4623:RUM-139
4618:CEM-138
4613:AGM-137
4608:AGM-136
4603:ASM-135
4598:MGM-134
4593:UGM-133
4588:AIM-132
4583:AGM-131
4578:AGM-130
4573:AGM-129
4568:AQM-128
4563:AQM-127
4558:BQM-126
4548:AGM-124
4543:AGM-123
4538:AGM-122
4528:AIM-120
4523:AGM-119
4518:LGM-118
4513:FQM-117
4508:RIM-116
4503:MIM-115
4498:AGM-114
4493:RIM-113
4488:AGM-112
4483:BQM-111
4478:BGM-110
4461:BQM-108
4456:MQM-107
4451:BQM-106
4446:MQM-105
4441:MIM-104
4436:AQM-103
4431:PQM-102
4426:RIM-101
4419:101–150
4410:LIM-100
4316:AGM-84E
4120:XLIM-49
4024:MGM-31C
3988:LGM-25C
3983:HGM-25A
3775:Dervish
3482:RV-A-22
3422:RV-A-10
3417:SSM-A-9
3407:SAM-A-7
3321:SSM-G-9
3316:SSM-G-8
3311:SAM-G-7
3306:RTV-G-6
3301:CTV-G-5
3296:RTV-G-4
3291:RTV-G-3
3286:RTV-G-2
3281:RTV-G-1
3118:Spartan
3013:at the
1521:Gallery
1385:Germany
1372:Denmark
1359:Belgium
1308:Okinawa
1166:Missile
1120:US$ 3.0
1070:Florida
631:ARAACOM
406:US Army
389:During
167:Warhead
5017:Sprint
4405:LIM-99
4400:YQM-98
4395:AIM-97
4390:UGM-96
4385:AIM-95
4380:YQM-94
4375:XQM-93
4363:FIM-92
4358:AQM-91
4353:BQM-90
4348:UGM-89
4343:AGM-88
4338:AGM-87
4333:AGM-86
4328:RIM-85
4306:AGM-83
4301:AIM-82
4296:AQM-81
4291:AGM-80
4286:AGM-79
4281:AGM-78
4276:FGM-77
4271:AGM-76
4266:BGM-75
4261:BQM-74
4256:UGM-73
4251:MIM-72
4246:BGM-71
4241:LEM-70
4236:AGM-69
4231:AIM-68
4226:RIM-67
4221:RIM-66
4216:AGM-65
4211:AGM-64
4206:AGM-63
4201:AGM-62
4196:MQM-61
4191:AQM-60
4186:RGM-59
4181:MQM-58
4176:MQM-57
4171:PQM-56
4166:RIM-55
4161:AIM-54
4156:AGM-53
4151:MGM-52
4146:MGM-51
4139:51–100
4130:RIM-50
4125:LIM-49
4115:AGM-48
4110:AIM-47
4105:MIM-46
4100:AGM-45
4095:UUM-44
4090:FIM-43
4085:MQM-42
4080:AQM-41
4075:MQM-40
4070:MQM-39
4065:AQM-38
4060:AQM-37
4055:MQM-36
4040:AQM-34
4035:MQM-33
4030:MGM-32
4015:LGM-30
4010:MGM-29
4005:AGM-28
4000:UGM-27
3995:AIM-26
3978:RIM-24
3973:MIM-23
3968:AGM-22
3963:MGM-21
3958:ADM-20
3953:PGM-19
3948:MGM-18
3943:PGM-17
3938:CGM-16
3933:RGM-15
3928:MIM-14
3918:AGM-12
3913:PGM-11
3908:CIM-10
3780:Lobber
3412:RV-A-8
3402:RV-A-6
3397:RV-A-5
3392:RV-A-4
3387:RV-A-3
3382:RV-A-2
3377:RV-A-1
3113:Nike-X
3103:Nike J
2995:Curlie
2944:
2936:
2928:
2918:
2875:13 May
2868:
2845:13 May
2830:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2766:
2330:18 May
2304:18 May
2278:18 May
2151:
2143:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2062:
2004:18 May
1997:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1913:
1845:
1806:
1798:
1788:
1512:
1502:Turkey
1499:
1489:Taiwan
1486:
1473:
1463:Norway
1460:
1447:
1434:
1421:
1408:
1398:Greece
1395:
1382:
1369:
1356:
1216:nine).
1074:Alaska
980:1965.
933:FABMDS
897:Nike J
743:Staff
650:BOMARC
608:Nike I
596:Martin
580:Nike B
418:Boeing
393:, the
307:MIM-14
285:system
192:Engine
116:Length
5032:GLSDB
4992:NCADE
4982:MA-31
4932:Brazo
4927:ASALM
3903:AIM-9
3898:RIM-8
3891:RIM-7
3886:AIM-7
3881:RGM-6
3876:MGM-5
3871:AIM-4
3866:MIM-3
3861:RIM-2
3856:MGM-1
2839:(PDF)
2820:(PDF)
2632:(PDF)
2364:Orbis
1692:Kh-20
1670:Notes
1476:Spain
1424:Japan
1411:Italy
1139:Sites
1066:CONUS
957:Lance
835:ICBMs
831:IRBMs
243:range
180:HBX-6
5007:PrSM
4997:NLOS
4987:MSDM
4977:LRHW
4972:LREW
4952:HACM
4947:HALO
4894:201–
3849:1–50
3502:A-26
3492:A-24
3477:A-21
3472:A-20
3427:G-11
3331:G-11
3076:Nike
3074:The
3032:Nike
2976:2014
2953:2021
2934:OCLC
2926:LCCN
2916:ISBN
2897:help
2877:2013
2866:ISSN
2847:2013
2828:OCLC
2806:2021
2782:OCLC
2774:LCCN
2764:ISBN
2745:2014
2714:2012
2685:2012
2332:2013
2306:2013
2280:2013
2160:2021
2149:OCLC
2141:ISSN
2102:2021
2078:OCLC
2070:LCCN
2060:ISBN
2006:2013
1995:ISSN
1971:help
1948:2021
1929:OCLC
1921:LCCN
1911:ISBN
1843:ISBN
1796:OCLC
1786:ISBN
1072:and
1064:All
955:and
947:and
833:and
813:MTR.
758:SAGE
685:IRBM
646:GAPA
522:and
497:XW-7
481:WX-9
445:USSR
433:Nike
315:NATO
297:The
275:km/h
267:Mach
265:>
108:Mass
52:Type
4967:KEI
4962:JSM
4942:GBI
3759:M74
3754:M73
3749:M72
3744:M61
3739:M60
3734:M55
3729:M51
3724:M50
3719:M47
3714:M31
3709:M30
3704:M29
3699:M28
3694:M27
3689:M26
3684:M25
3679:M21
3674:M20
3669:M17
3664:M16
3659:M12
3654:M10
3613:M19
3608:M18
3603:M17
3598:M16
3593:M15
3588:M14
3583:M13
3578:M12
3573:M11
3568:M10
2993:at
1659:W31
1080:in
969:PPI
540:W31
323:W31
271:mph
176:W31
5074::
3649:M9
3644:M8
3639:M7
3634:M6
3629:M2
3563:M9
3558:M8
3553:M7
3548:M6
3543:M5
3538:M4
3533:M3
3528:M2
3523:M1
2942:OL
2940:.
2932:.
2924:.
2914:.
2910:.
2889::
2887:}}
2883:{{
2858:.
2826:.
2796:.
2790:OL
2788:.
2780:.
2772:.
2762:.
2693:^
2663:^
2634:.
2558:^
2539:^
2506:,
2490:,
2464:^
2411:^
2340:^
2322:.
2296:.
2270:.
2258:^
2219:.
2208:^
2147:.
2133:.
2122:^
2092:.
2086:OL
2084:.
2076:.
2068:.
2058:.
2014:^
1987:.
1937:OL
1935:.
1927:.
1919:.
1909:.
1905:.
1889:^
1872:^
1823:.
1804:OL
1802:.
1794:.
1766:^
1756:.
1745:^
1306:,
1135:.
943:,
829:.
656:.
534:)
532:TJ
528:kt
505:TJ
501:kt
479:)
477:TJ
473:kt
219:lb
205:lb
172:W7
4818:/
4026:)
4022:(
3833:e
3826:t
3819:v
3258:e
3251:t
3244:v
3067:e
3060:t
3053:v
2978:.
2959:.
2899:)
2879:.
2849:.
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2687:.
2638:.
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2308:.
2282:.
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2166:.
2104:.
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1851:.
1827:.
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