20:
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In the two optical systems referred to above, eight channels measure carbon monoxide or methane. Channels one, two, three, five, six, and seven focus on carbon monoxide. The six channels for carbon monoxide vary in cell pressures from 25 to 800 mb, and their cell lengths range from 2 to 10 mm. Their
221:
coolers chill the dewar. Considerable heat-emitting units like the cooler are placed intentionally on the coldplate, and other critical electronic pieces are placed near it as well. The coldplate, located under MOPITT's baseplate, provides a stable thermal environment for the instrument. It utilizes
251:
Before MOPITT's release, data on carbon monoxide was limited. With MOPITT's comprehensive measurements of carbon monoxide throughout the past two decades, scientists are better equipped to predict the potential consequences of carbon monoxide pollution. Its applications include:
196:
in 4.6-μm absorption. MOPITT can view different layers of the troposphere by varying modulated cells: Pressure-modulated cells (PMCs) are used to observe upper layers while length-modulated cells (LMCs) can view lower layers of the troposphere.
84:
on
December 18, 1999, and began scientific measurements in March 2000. Before its execution, the only existing global carbon monoxide dataset was measured by the MAPS instrument aboard space shuttles. MOPITT is the first tool to measure global
178:
These channels absorb different amounts of energy, leading to differences in the resulting signals that correlate to the spectral sample of carbon monoxide. To further analyze carbon monoxide levels, MOPITT adjusts the path length or gaseous
594:
Kar, Jayanta; Bremer, Holger; Drummond, James R.; Rochon, Yves J.; Jones, Dylan B. A.; Nichitiu, Florian; Zou, Jason; Liu, Jane; Gille, John C.; Edwards, David P.; Deeter, Merritt N.; Francis, Gene; Ziskin, Dan; Warner, Juying (2004-12-16).
642:
Edwards, D. P.; Emmons, L. K.; Hauglustaine, D. A.; Chu, D. A.; Gille, J. C.; Kaufman, Y. J.; Pétron, G.; Yurganov, L. N.; Giglio, L.; Deeter, M. N.; Yudin, V.; Ziskin, D. C.; Warner, J.; Lamarque, J.-F.; Francis, G. L. (2004-12-27).
124:
Despite the initial five-year term plan, the satellite has continued to operate for over 20 years, and researchers expect all five of these instruments to maintain their functionality and transmit information and data past 2026.
54:
remote sensors on the Terra satellite, the spacecraft monitors the Earth's environment and climate changes. Following its construction in Canada, MOPITT was launched into Earth's orbit in 1999 and utilizes gas correlation
242:
also differs between channels, and the modulator types are either LMCs or PMCs. In contrast, channels four and eight measure methane, and their only difference is the different LMCs used. All channels operate at 300 K.
63:
holding the bulk of the apparatus. Results from the MOPITT enable scientists to better understand carbon monoxide's effects on a global scale, and various studies have been conducted based on MOPITT's measurements.
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to vary, which will give a difference and an average transmission. The difference specifies the gases measured, whereas the average signal indicates the overall radiation minus the initial gas measured.
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MOPITT's spatial resolution is 22 km horizontally and about 5 km vertically and scans Earth at a broad area of 640 km wide. The carbon monoxide measurement profiles are created through the upwelling of
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512:
Drummond, James R.; Bailey, Paul L.; Brasseur, Guy; Davis, Gary R.; Gille, John C.; Peskett, Guy D.; Reichle, Henry K.; Roulet, N.; Mand, Gurpreet S.; Mcconnell, Jack C. (1999-10-01).
878:
Hedelius, Jacob K.; Toon, Geoffrey C.; Buchholz, Rebecca R.; Iraci, Laura T.; Podolske, James R.; Roehl, Coleen M.; Wennberg, Paul O.; Worden, Helen M.; Wunch, Debra (2021-03-16).
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Kar, Jayanta; Drummond, James R.; Jones, Dylan B. A.; Liu, Jane; Nichitiu, Florian; Zou, Jason; Gille, John C.; Edwards, David P.; Deeter, Merritt N. (August 2006).
957:
99:
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4.7 μm channels are referred to as the carbon monoxide thermal channels because the signals stem from the thermal emissions from Earth's surface and the atmosphere
831:
Clerbaux, Cathy; Edwards, David P.; Deeter, Merritt; Emmons, Louisa; Lamarque, Jean-François; Tie, Xue Xi; Massie, Steve T.; Gille, John (February 2008).
80:, MOPITT shifted into the agency where it received financial support from the Space Science Division of CSA. It was successfully launched from the
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or absorption between a known and unknown sample) to measure concentrations of carbon monoxide. Essentially, MOPITT takes carbon monoxide as an
89:
and variations in carbon monoxide. It is part of a series of five payloads on the Terra satellite that oversees global environmental changes:
692:"Large horizontal gradients in atmospheric CO at the synoptic scale as seen by spaceborne Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere"
59:
to measure the presence of different gases in the troposphere. The fundamental operations occur in its optical system composed of two
739:"Southern Hemisphere carbon monoxide interannual variability observed by Terra/Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT)"
174:
2.2 μm channels refer to the methane solar channels because reflected sunlight is the major signal, similar to the 2.3 μm channels
73:
169:
The 2.3 μm channels are termed the carbon monoxide solar channel because they absorb the dominant signal from reflected sunlight
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Detection and analysis of carbon monoxide emitted by cities and urban areas to demonstrate rising carbon monoxide pollution
690:
Liu, J.; Drummond, J. R.; Jones, D. B. A.; Cao, Z.; Bremer, H.; Kar, J.; Zou, J.; Nichitiu, F.; Gille, J. C. (2006-01-27).
518:. SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation. Vol. 3756. pp. 396–402.
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597:"Evidence of vertical transport of carbon monoxide from Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT)"
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Generating maps of pollution transport, such as the direction of carbon monoxide emissions after large fires
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786:"Carbon monoxide (CO) maximum over the Zagros mountains in the Middle East: Signature of mountain venting?"
349:"Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) | Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling"
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645:"Observations of carbon monoxide and aerosols from the Terra satellite: Northern Hemisphere variability"
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Edwards, D. P.; Pétron, G.; Novelli, P. C.; Emmons, L. K.; Gille, J. C.; Drummond, J. R. (2006-08-27).
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At the heart of MOPITT lies the optical system, which is composed of two identical "mirror imaged"
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cooler assemblies containing cold optics and thermal and solar detectors. A pair of low-vibration
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founded the MOPITT project following its initial proposal in 1989. After the establishment of the
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The analysis of the variation in vertical structure of carbon monoxide caused by Asian summer
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MOPITT is a nadir-sounding (vertically downward pointing) instrument that measures upwelling
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833:"Carbon monoxide pollution from cities and urban areas observed by the Terra/MOPITT mission"
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880:"Regional and Urban Column CO Trends and Anomalies as Observed by MOPITT Over 16 Years"
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The observation of large horizontal gradients in carbon monoxide at the synoptic scale
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concentration in the troposphere allows scientists to perform interim pollution methods
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In the year 2022 alone, more than 250 studies have used measurements from MOPITT.
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Many studies utilizing MOPITT's data have been completed. Notable ones include:
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to measure the signal of the same gas in the troposphere. The sensor quantifies
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546:"Instrument Concepts | Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling"
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455:"MOPITT - 20 Years of Measuring Atmospheric Pollution - CMOS Bulletin"
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The study of carbon monoxide variability in the
Southern Hemisphere
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Analysis of environmental pollution influenced by human activities
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Official website for MOPITT science and product development team
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96:(Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer)
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Canadian scientific instrument aboard NASA's Terra satellite
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that portray areas producing or reducing carbon monoxide
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Breakdown of carbon monoxide trends in varying regions
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MOPITT instrument website at the
University of Toronto
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that include the calibration sources, scan mirrors,
183:of the gas sample, causing the frequency of these
315:Observation of enhanced carbon monoxide over the
515:Early mission planning for the MOPITT instrument
158:emitted and reflected from Earth through three
114:(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)
34:) is an ongoing astronomical instrument aboard
486:"Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere"
120:(Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere)
102:(Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System)
46:carbon monoxide levels. It is part of NASA's
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884:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
743:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
696:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
649:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
302:The examination of seasonal carbon monoxide
32:Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere
943:MOPITT data available through NASA-Langley
256:A better understanding of the increase in
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269:automobile emission reduction standards
108:(Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer)
958:Atmospheric sounding satellite sensors
569:Agency, Canadian Space (2007-03-12).
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142:radiation and utilizes correlation
50:(EOS), and combined with the other
23:MOPITT 2000 global carbon monoxide.
571:"Measuring atmospheric pollutants"
453:SCMO, CMOS Bulletin (2019-12-21).
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279:Confirmation of newly developed
74:National Research Council Canada
42:satellite that measures global
213:, LMCs, PMCs, modulators, and
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938:NASA WIST data archive system
837:Geophysical Research Letters
790:Geophysical Research Letters
601:Geophysical Research Letters
306:in the Northern Hemisphere
78:Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
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490:mopitt.physics.utoronto.ca
82:Vandenberg Air Force Base
201:Instrument Description
134:Instrument Methodology
48:Earth Observing System
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575:Canadian Space Agency
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904:10.1029/2020JD033967
857:10.1029/2007GL032300
810:10.1029/2006GL026231
763:10.1029/2006JD007079
716:10.1029/2005JD006076
669:10.1029/2004JD004727
621:10.1029/2004GL021128
896:2021JGRD..12633967H
849:2008GeoRL..35.3817C
802:2006GeoRL..3315819K
755:2006JGRD..11116303E
708:2006JGRD..111.2306L
661:2004JGRD..10924202E
613:2004GeoRL..3123105K
524:1999SPIE.3756..396D
401:"Terra (satellite)"
550:www2.acom.ucar.edu
459:CMOS BULLETIN SCMO
429:asdc.larc.nasa.gov
425:"ASDC | MOP03JM_8"
353:www2.acom.ucar.edu
267:practices such as
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358:2023-10-24
333:References
240:wavelength
129:Technology
68:Background
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865:0094-8276
818:0094-8276
771:0148-0227
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677:0148-0227
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952:Category
319:in Iran
298:monsoons
211:choppers
181:pressure
156:radiance
140:infrared
892:Bibcode
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798:Bibcode
751:Bibcode
749:(D16).
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657:Bibcode
655:(D24).
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288:Studies
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230:as its
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215:dewar
112:MODIS
100:CERES
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40:Terra
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72:The
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