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bridge and steering, she would probably have lost her engines. Unable to maintain her heading into the storm, she would have been forced broadside into the waves. She seems to have floated for a number of hours, during which the storm and inaccurate positioning prevented her from being located. The force of the waves then hulled or even capsized her; another rogue wave may have contributed to her distress. She would then have succumbed to the flooding and sunk within a short period.
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27:
149:
709:
1106:). Without "prompt notice" that the shipment has been sent, the buyers are denied the opportunity to protect their goods, for example by obtaining insurance, against the risk of any loss, damage or theft. This appellate case is used as an example in many U.S. legal textbooks to illustrate the administration of the
128:
1025:
would have plunged into the trough of the huge wave, and before she could rise out of it, it collapsed onto her, breaking across her bow and superstructure, tearing the starboard lifeboat out of its pins and probably smashing into the bridge, breaking the windows and flooding her. Having lost her
1003:
from which it had hung. The pins, which should have hung vertically, had been bent back from forward to aft, indicating the lifeboat hanging below it had been struck by a huge force, that had run from fore to aft of the ship, and had torn the lifeboat from its pins. The lifeboat normally hung 20
1020:
and considered the possibility that she had encountered a rogue wave in the storm that night. Whilst ploughing through the storm on the night of 12 December, she was suddenly faced with a wall of water, between 80 and 100 feet (24 and 30 m) high, looming out of the dark.
958:
The international search operation officially ended in the evening of 20 December, a week after it had begun. The West German government and Hapag-Lloyd decided to search for two more days, with
British and American forces supporting them. Altogether, 13 aircraft from the
1015:
As the science behind rogue waves was explored and more fully understood, it was accepted that not only did they exist, but that it was possible that they could occur in the deep ocean, such as in the North
Atlantic. Investigators later returned to the question of
633:
Automatic emergency signals were also received by multiple radio stations starting at 04:43. No further calls were recorded after 07:34, probably because US stations stopped listening on the frequency 2182 kHz. At 17:30 on 12 December, international
1101:
The North
Carolina Court of Appeals held, however, that the German wine producer could not recover the purchase price. It decided the sellers must bear the risk of loss when they fail to give "prompt notice" that the shipment has been dispatched (see
696:
s name and callsign. Later in court, Sinnot reported that the voice was calm and spoke in
English but with a distinct German accent. Since Sinnot only had a receiver for this frequency, he relayed the message via
554:. The quality of the transmission was bad, so that not everything was understood by Löhmann. Since it was a standard communication, the information was not relayed back to the ship's owner until 17 December.
485:
had been designed to cope with such conditions, and carried on with her voyage. The exceptional flotation capabilities of the LASH carriers meant that she was widely regarded as being practically unsinkable.
1098:, were lost when the ship foundered. Rheinberg-Kellerei GmbH, which had produced and sold the wine, sued its North Carolina wine distributor, Vineyard Wine Co., for the purchase price of the lost shipment.
743:, received the calls as well and went to the designated position under the command of Captain PF de Nijs. Lands End CG provided the search planning and areas to be covered and appointed the salvage tug
1008:
then considered so statistically unlikely as to be near impossible, the investigation finally concluded that the severe weather had somehow created an 'unusual event' that had led to the sinking of
477:
and a crew of 28. She also carried a replacement nuclear reactor-vessel head for
Combustion Engineering, Inc. This was her 62nd voyage, and took her across the
747:
as
Onscene Commander co-ordinating the activities of eventually more than 100 ships and also the 16 aircraft taking part all now temporarily based in the
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1263:
379:
line that sank with all 28 hands for unknown reasons in a severe North
Atlantic storm in December 1978. The most accepted theory is that one or more
1653:
759:
On 14 December, wind speeds dropped to Force 9. By that time, four aircraft and 17 ships were participating in the search operation. Signals of
499:
s radio officer Jörg Ernst was overheard during a short radio communication on a "chat" frequency. He reported bad weather and some damage to
1150:
1628:
1643:
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735:
s call sign, 'DEAT', which was sent in Morse code, was received three times on the same frequency. The Dutch ocean-going salvage tug
110:
492:
was presumed to be proceeding smoothly, until the night of 11–12 December. Between 00:05 and 00:07 (all times GMT) on 12 December,
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855:
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s lighters. The following day, 15 December, a
British Nimrod patrol aircraft discovered two orange objects shaped like buoys at
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44:
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685:, received a voice transmission on the unusual frequency 8238.4 kHz, which is typically used by a radio station at
70:
639:
622:, which was probably around 100 nautical miles (200 km) off her real position. The messages were transmitted in
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at regular intervals, mentioning "28 persons on board". The messages may have been recorded and sent automatically.
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and damaged her, so that she drifted for 33 hours with a list of 50 degrees without electricity or propulsion.
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were reported in the area of the search, hampering efforts. The initial search requested by HMCG was by a
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ship and was the only ship of her kind under the German flag. She departed on her maiden voyage to the
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in
Germany. The transmission was clear but interrupted by some noise, and contained fragments of
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picked up a fourth empty life raft. In addition, three life vests were sighted, two of them by
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450:. This ship was retired from commercial operation on 15 December 2007. She was subsequently
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281 S.E.2d 425 (N.C. Ct. App. 1981), the court heard that 620 cases of wine, destined for
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This ruling did not ruin
Rheinberg-Kellerei, who are still in business as of 2023.
473:. This was her usual route, and she carried a cargo of steel products stored in 83
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s emergency buoy. By then, wind speeds had dropped to Force 3. The freighter
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entitled "Freak Wave," which was first shown on 14 November 2002.
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2,400 nautical miles (4,440 km) away. Ernst also transmitted
1142:
The Lighthouse: The Mystery of the Eilean Mor Lighthouse Keepers
626:
and only parts of them were received. One fragment received was
1245:
1004:
metres (66 ft) above the waterline. With the existence of
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s emergency buoy were received. At 19:00 the British freighter
630:, which could be interpreted as a 50-degree list to starboard.
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563:
20:
888:; all were empty. A yellow barrel was also sighted that day.
975:, and nearly 80 merchant and naval ships had searched for
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recovered a second life raft. A third one was located at
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operations were initiated and co-ordinated throughout by
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centred on the starboard lifeboat and in particular the
995:
The subsequent investigation into the disappearance of
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maritime reconnaissance aircraft, co-ordinated by SRCC
481:, where a fierce storm had been raging since November.
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or her crew. On 16 February 1979, the car transporter
415:(Yard number 860) and delivered on 22 September 1972.
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set a legal precedent that resulted from the loss of
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on 12 May 1972 at the shipyards of Cockerill Yards,
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51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
442:, Belgium (Yard number 859). She sailed under the
673:aircraft from Germany and six ships searched for
665:Initial search efforts and further communications
983:salvaged the damaged starboard-side lifeboat of
574:, which relayed it to the Soviet passenger ship
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8:
1092:Rheinberg-Kellerei GmbH v. Vineyard Wine Co.
331:26,100 hp (19,500 kW) at 122 rpm
1264:
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438:also at the shipyards of Cockerill Yards,
1272:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1978
1193:"The Grand Unified Theory of Rogue Waves"
669:The next day, 13 December, an additional
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
803:. The same day, Hapag-Lloyd's freighter
677:. At 09:06 Michael F. Sinnot, a Belgian
562:Around three hours later (03:10-03:20),
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1074:was the most likely cause of her loss.
987:, the last object discovered from her.
1222:Seefunkstelle Lashcarrier München/DEAT
503:to his colleague Heinz Löhmann aboard
122:
446:flag until 1986 when she was renamed
145:
16:German LASH carrier that sank in 1978
7:
1033:'s wreck site remains undiscovered.
284:261.4 m (857 ft 7 in)
49:adding citations to reliable sources
1237:Horizon "Freak Wave" from bbc.co.uk
1066:which studied the disappearance of
308:11.28 m (37 ft 0 in)
300:18.29 m (60 ft 0 in)
292:32.2 m (105 ft 8 in)
1045:was featured in an edition of the
720:Between 17:00 and 19:14, ten weak
14:
566:calls were received by the Greek
458:Last voyage and search operations
1614:Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
1589:
1584:
1167:"Freak Wave - programme summary"
1139:Keith McCloskey (15 July 2014).
770:picked up an empty life raft at
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25:
1084:North Carolina Court of Appeals
1062:created a documentary entitled
36:needs additional citations for
1654:Merchant ships of West Germany
807:found and identified three of
724:calls were received by the US
469:on 7 December 1978, bound for
1:
239:on or about 12 December 1978
351:(33 km/h; 21 mph)
1670:
1629:Maritime incidents in 1978
1096:Wilmington, North Carolina
1644:Ships lost with all hands
1619:Merchant ships of Germany
1579:
1502:November (unknown date):
1228:Court's opinion from the
1199:. Quanta. 5 February 2020
1145:. History Press Limited.
906:found two life belts; at
891:On 17 December, at 13:00
726:Naval Station Rota, Spain
521:s last known position as
243:
140:
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1078:Contribution to case law
954:The search is called off
1173:. BBC. 14 November 2002
1108:Uniform Commercial Code
671:Lockheed C-130 Hercules
244:General characteristics
235:Lost in a storm in the
1649:Ships built in Belgium
755:The search intensifies
717:
701:to a radio station in
655:Hawker Siddeley Nimrod
1070:and concluded that a
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589:gave her position as
465:departed the port of
1624:Rogue wave incidents
847:and the salvage tug
644:Land's End, Cornwall
628:50 degrees starboard
436:Holland America Line
427:on 19 October 1972.
45:improve this article
1049:documentary series
922: /
884:the next day by MS
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830: /
786: /
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430:Her sister ship MS
1230:Rheinberg-Kellerei
1197:quantamagazine.org
893:Düsseldorf Express
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434:was built for the
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1152:978-0-7509-5741-0
926:43.417°N 22.567°W
871:44.800°N 22.817°W
834:44.800°N 24.200°W
790:44.367°N 24.000°W
646:. Wind speeds of
636:search and rescue
609:46.250°N 27.500°W
471:Savannah, Georgia
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101:December 2023
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56:Find sources:
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1175:. Retrieved
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1064:Killer Waves
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1041:The loss of
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391:Early career
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373:LASH carrier
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271:44,600
265:37,134
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154:West Germany
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60:"MS München"
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1463:USCGC
1436:Kapuskasing
1312:Amoco Cadiz
1224:(in German)
1006:rogue waves
929: /
874: /
837: /
793: /
768:King George
612: /
544: /
512:cruise ship
510:, a German
467:Bremerhaven
381:rogue waves
377:Hapag-Lloyd
205:12 May 1972
186:Hapag-Lloyd
1639:1972 ships
1608:Categories
1548:Ben Asdale
1434:HMCS
1279:Shipwrecks
1177:15 January
1117:References
1072:rogue wave
981:Don Carlos
886:Badenstein
624:Morse code
570:freighter
432:Bilderdijk
313:Propulsion
222:IMO number
210:In service
71:newspapers
1528:Good Hope
1526:SAS
1506:Undaunted
1504:HMS
1452:USS
1445:HMS
1423:USS
1414:Transvaal
1412:SAS
1371:USS
1300:USS
1289:USS
1171:bbc.co.uk
944:Starlight
904:Starlight
895:salvaged
687:Norddeich
541:44°N 24°W
336:propeller
334:5-bladed
325:9 RND 90
177:, Germany
1566:26 Nov:
1545:30 Dec:
1535:13 Dec:
1524:12 Dec:
1517:Holoholo
1515:MV
1513:10 Dec:
1495:Manureva
1492:16 Nov:
1472:30 Oct:
1465:Cuyahoga
1461:20 Oct:
1454:Mackerel
1443:18 Oct:
1421:27 Aug:
1400:30 Jul:
1390:23 Jul:
1380:18 Jul:
1359:28 Jun:
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1339:17 Jun:
1319:23 Mar:
1309:16 Mar:
1298:23 Feb:
1287:26 Jan:
1203:21 March
969:Portugal
805:Erlangen
683:Brussels
580:tug boat
505:MS
475:lighters
452:scrapped
409:Flanders
401:launched
320:cylinder
202:Launched
182:Operator
173:City of
170:Namesake
1538:München
1482:8 Nov:
1432:3 Oct:
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1403:Locuste
1393:Jayawag
1373:Sealion
1369:8 Jul:
1352:Chantal
1329:7 Apr:
1088:München
1068:München
1052:Horizon
1043:München
1031:München
1023:München
1018:München
1010:München
997:München
985:München
977:München
973:Germany
917:22°34′W
914:43°25′N
897:München
862:22°49′W
859:44°48′N
825:24°12′W
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809:München
781:24°00′W
778:44°22′N
761:München
730:München
691:München
675:München
600:27°30′W
597:46°15′N
587:München
568:Panamax
546:44; -24
516:München
501:München
494:München
490:München
483:München
463:München
440:Hoboken
417:München
413:Belgium
405:Hoboken
397:München
385:München
375:of the
368:München
305:Draught
260:Tonnage
255:carrier
226:7214856
224::
192:Builder
164:München
141:History
134:München
85:scholar
1332:Astron
1322:Kronos
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963:, the
948:Evelyn
749:Azores
722:Mayday
716:, 1987
703:Ostend
572:Marion
507:Caribe
419:was a
323:Sulzer
297:Height
281:Length
175:Munich
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1475:Kiowa
1447:Eagle
1383:Birgo
1090:. In
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849:Titan
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699:telex
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585:. MS
583:Titan
519:'
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444:Dutch
349:knots
344:Speed
92:JSTOR
78:books
1595:1979
1582:1977
1425:Cree
1302:Rowe
1291:Ross
1232:case
1205:2023
1179:2016
1147:ISBN
971:and
712:Tug
532:24°W
529:44°N
421:LASH
399:was
383:hit
356:Crew
289:Beam
253:LASH
232:Fate
160:Name
64:news
1104:FOB
1047:BBC
681:in
642:at
564:SOS
395:MS
366:MS
347:18
273:DWT
267:GRT
132:MS
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