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general Ma Qi and Ma
Yuanzhang were in the Qing forces fighting against them but Ma Yuanzhang defected to the republicans after Ma Anliang gave up on the Qing. Unlike the Mongols and Tibetans, the Muslims refused to secede from the Republic, and Ma Qi quickly used his diplomatic and military powers to make the Tibetan and Mongol nobles recognize the Republic of China government as their overlord, and sent a message to President
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with thousands of rebels driving out the
Muslims. Ma Qi responded with 3,000 Chinese Muslim troops, who retook Labrang and machine-gunned thousands of Tibetan monks as they tried to flee. Ma Qi besieged Labrang numerous times and the Tibetans and Mongols fought against his Muslim forces for control of Labrang, until he gave it up in 1927.
54:
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After ethnic rioting between
Muslims and Tibetans broke out in 1918, Ma Qi defeated the Tibetans. He heavily taxed the town for eight years. In 1921 he and his Muslim army decisively crushed the Tibetan monks of Labrang monastery when they tried to oppose him. In 1925 a Tibetan rebellion broke out,
493:
revolutionaries in Ningxi, but when the
Emperor abdicated Ma Qi declared support for the Republic of China. Ma Anliang, Changgeng and Shengyun failed to capture Shaanxi from the revolutionaries. In Ningxia, Qing forces were attacked by both Hui Muslim Gelaohui and Han Gelaohui members, while Hui
513:. Feng's subordinate Liu Yufen expelled all the Han generals who opposed him, which resulted in Hui Generals Ma Hongbin, Ma Lin, Ma Tingxiang, and Han Gen. Bei Jianzhang, the commander of a Hui army, to stop fighting against Feng and seek an agreement.
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in 1900, and died while protecting the
Imperial Family from the western forces. Ma Qi succeeded him in all his posts and capacities. Ma Qi was 6 feet (183 cm) tall and maintained the mintuan militia in Xining as his personal army, called the
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who rebelled because of taxes Ma
Anliang imposed on them. Ma Anliang did not report it to the central government in Beijing and was reprimanded for it, and Ma Qi was sent by the government to investigate the case and suppress the rebellion.
1040:
China's inner Asian frontier: photographs of the Wulsin expedition to northwest China in 1923 : from the archives of the
Peabody Museum, Harvard University, and the National Geographic Society
914:
China's Inner Asian
Frontier: Photographs of the Wulsin Expedition to Northwest China in 1923: from the archives of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University, and the National Geographic Society
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956:(Note, the google book link has gone haywire, but you should still be directed to page 123 when you go to the link, where you should see the paragraph the reference is from)
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After the founding of the
Republic he was governor of Qinghai from 1915 to 1928 and the first chairman of the government of Qinghai from 1929 to 1931. After
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Ma Qi defeated the
Tibetan forces with his Muslim troops. His forces were praised by foreigners who traveled through Qinghai for their fighting abilities.
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to Ma Anliang, so Ma Anliang could execute Ma Wanfu. Ma Qi rescued Ma Wanfu by attacking the escort and brought him to Qinghai. Ma Anliang hated the
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was securely in the Republic. He replaced "Long, Long, Long, Live the reigning Emperor", with "Long live the Republic of China" on inscriptions.
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in the northwestern region. His civil posts also included director of the Gansu Bureau of Construction. Ma Qi's eldest son was
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In 1913 a Qinghai wool and hide bureau was established by Ma Qi. It put an export tax on the wool trade with foreigners.
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gained control nationwide, he became a brigade commander and then was promoted to commander of the 26th Division of the
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1026:. The White Horse Press for the Mongolia and Inner Asia Studies Unit at the University of Cambridge. p. 204.
772:
Lipman, Jonathan N. (July 1984). "Ethnicity and Politics in Republican China: The Ma Family Warlords of Gansu".
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Lipman, Jonathan N. (July 1984). "Ethnicity and Politics in Republican China: The Ma Family Warlords of Gansu".
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438:. Ma Sala was said to be his father. Ma Qi led loyalist Muslim troops to crush Muslim rebels during the
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against the invading Eight Nation Alliance in Beijing. Ma Haiyan defeated the foreign army at the
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402:; 23 September 1869 – 5 August 1931) was a Chinese Muslim General in early 20th-century China.
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in 1915. He occupied Labrang monastery in 1917, the first time non-Tibetans had seized it.
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LIPMAN, JONATHAN N. (1997). "5 / Strategies of Integration Muslims in New China".
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The Violence of :iberation: Gender and Tibetan Buddhist Revival in Post-Mao China
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Dilemmas The Mongols at China's edge: history and the politics of national unity
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Wulsin, Frederick Roelker; Fletcher, Joseph (1979). Alonso, Mary Ellen (ed.).
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Labrang: a Tibetan Buddhist monastery at the crossroads of four civilizations
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Labrang: A Tibetan Buddhist Monastery at the Crossroads of Four Civilizations
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Frederick Roelker Wulsin; Joseph Fletcher (1979). Mary Ellen Alonso (ed.).
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University of Cambridge. Mongolia & Inner Asia Studies Unit (2002).
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Familiar Strangers : A History of Muslims in Northwest China
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681:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 182, 183.
466:. He also directly defied his commanding officer, Muslim Gen.
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Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China
1142:民国军阀派系谈 (The Republic of China warlord cliques discussed)
941:
Chinese Awakenings: Life Stories from the Unofficial China
414:, Ma was born on 23 September 1869 in Daohe, now part of
917:(illustrated ed.). Peabody Museum. p. 43.
724:. University of Washington Press. p. 181, 182.
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449:Ma Qi served with his father Ma Haiyan in Gen.
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858:赵颂尧，马安良其人与民初的甘肃政争，西北民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版) 1989年第02期
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1608:Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong
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876:. University of California Press. p.
662:"《民国军阀派系谈》14章 马家军阀(马鸿宾、马鸿逵、马步芳)|民国历史"
52:
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751:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 43.
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532:to suppress a rebellion of Tibetans in
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1594:Third Red Spears' uprising in Shandong
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999:. Snow Lion Publications. p. 90.
972:. Snow Lion Publications. p. 87.
841:
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1838:Republic of China warlords from Gansu
7:
1067:Exile cultures, misplaced identities
1064:Paul Allatson; Jo McCormack (2008).
1144:http://www.2499cn.com/junfamulu.htm
780:(3). Sage Publications, Inc.: 308.
626:(3). Sage Publications, Inc.: 298.
430:. He was a senior commander in the
1292:Constitutional Protection Movement
342:Kuomintang Pacification of Qinghai
14:
707:. CUP Archive. 2018. p. 188.
1580:Looting of the Eastern Mausoleum
1440:Canton Merchants' Corps Uprising
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1023:Inner Asia, Volume 4, Issues 1–2
266:
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1511:Nationalist-Communist Civil War
944:. Westview Press. p. 123.
938:James Tyson; Ann Tyson (1995).
675:Jonathan Neaman Lipman (2004).
505:Ma Qi developed relations with
1043:. Peabody Museum. p. 43.
578:. He died on 5 August 1931 in
434:-Gansu region during the late
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134:Sun Lianzhong (Sun Lien-chung)
110:Chairman of the Government of
1:
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1258:Empire of China (Yuan Shikai)
993:Paul Kocot Nietupski (1999).
966:Paul Kocot Nietupski (1999).
1342:Occupation of Outer Mongolia
528:ordered his younger brother
124:Sep 1929 – May 1931
82:Oct 1915 – Dec 1928
1657:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
1392:Washington Naval Conference
868:Charlene E. Makley (2007).
745:Uradyn Erden Bulag (2002).
564:National Revolutionary Army
1894:
1719:National Pacification Army
1584:Northeast Flag Replacement
1490:Zhongshan Warship Incident
1187:and warlordism during the
786:10.1177/009770048401000302
632:10.1177/009770048401000302
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574:. Ma Qi was the uncle of
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1562:Muslim conflict in Gansu
1532:Shanghai Commune of 1927
1522:Nanking incident of 1927
1402:First Zhili–Fengtian War
422:, China. His father was
16:Not to be confused with
1848:Chinese Muslim generals
1480:Canton–Hong Kong strike
1262:National Protection War
326:Dungan Revolt (1895-96)
1466:May Thirtieth Movement
1322:Paris Peace Conference
1070:. Rodopi. p. 65.
840:Cite journal requires
92:Lian Xing (Lien Hsing)
1853:Qing dynasty generals
1362:Guangdong–Guangxi War
1312:Siberian intervention
1111:Zhonghua Book Company
280:Years of service
68:Military Governor of
1878:Qing dynasty Muslims
1868:Governors of Qinghai
1617:Sino-Soviet conflict
1272:Death of Yuan Shikai
570:and another son was
440:Dungan Revolt (1895)
426:and his brother was
1576:Huanggutun incident
1506:Nanjing–Wuhan Split
1501:Northern Expedition
1331:May Fourth Movement
815:Millward, James A.
366:traditional Chinese
1873:People from Linxia
1628:Central Plains War
1462:Yunnan–Guangxi War
1413:First United Front
1282:Manchu Restoration
1248:Twenty-One Demands
1228:Bai Lang Rebellion
480:Muslim brotherhood
459:Battle of Langfang
358:simplified Chinese
338:Bai Lang Rebellion
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1077:978-90-420-2406-9
887:978-0-520-25059-8
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498:reaffirming that
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1263:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1155:
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1122:
1120:7-101-02993-0
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1098:
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1091:甘、寧、青三馬家族世系簡表
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1079:
1073:
1069:
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1060:
1057:
1052:
1050:0-674-11968-1
1046:
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1025:
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1016:
1013:
1008:
1006:1-55939-090-5
1002:
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989:
986:
981:
979:1-55939-090-5
975:
971:
970:
962:
959:
953:
951:0-8133-2473-4
947:
943:
942:
934:
931:
926:
920:
916:
915:
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904:
900:
899:ma qi muslim.
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883:
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864:
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834:
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811:
808:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
768:
765:
760:
758:0-7425-1144-8
754:
750:
749:
741:
738:
733:
731:0-295-97644-6
727:
723:
722:
714:
711:
706:
705:
698:
695:
690:
688:0-295-97644-6
684:
680:
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671:
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663:
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633:
629:
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190:5 August 1931
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173:Linxia County
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1444:Beijing Coup
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1411:
1329:
1106:
1097:
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576:Ma Zhongying
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542:Ninghai Army
539:
523:
520:
511:Feng Yuxiang
504:
484:
476:Yang Zengxin
455:Kansu Braves
451:Dong Fuxiang
444:
436:Qing dynasty
409:
387:
377:
353:
352:
322:Battles/wars
302:Ninghai Army
192:(1931-08-05)
140:Succeeded by
119:
98:Succeeded by
77:
34:
27:Chinese name
22:
1833:1931 deaths
1828:1869 births
1782:Kuomintang
1767:New Guangxi
1762:Old Guangxi
1677:Two-Liu war
1667:Han–Liu War
1185:Warlord Era
530:Ma Guoliang
496:Yuan Shikai
485:During the
445:During the
394:Xiao'erjing
262:Qing Empire
211:Nationality
130:Preceded by
88:Preceded by
31:family name
1843:Hui people
1822:Categories
1725:Zhili Army
1107:民国人物传 第12卷
924:0674119681
602:References
526:Ma Anliang
468:Ma Anliang
464:Ninghaijun
406:Early life
384:Wade–Giles
283:1890s–1931
250:Allegiance
225:Kuomintang
181:Qing China
166:1869-09-23
1772:Guangdong
1737:Guominjun
1649:1931–1935
1635:1930–1932
1590:1928–1929
1558:1927–1930
1496:1926–1928
1472:1925–1926
1408:1923–1927
1388:1921–1922
1368:1920–1926
1358:1920–1921
1338:1919–1921
1308:1918–1920
1298:1917–1929
1288:1917–1922
1254:1915–1916
1224:1911–1914
1209:1925–1934
1206:1915–1924
802:143843569
648:143843569
596:Ma clique
586:, China.
572:Ma Bufang
568:Ma Buqing
424:Ma Haiyan
239:Ma Buqing
235:Ma Bufang
120:In office
78:In office
1747:Xinjiang
1715:Fengtian
1213:Factions
590:See also
524:In 1917
507:Wu Peifu
491:Gelaohui
472:Ma Wanfu
308:Commands
231:Children
25:In this
1777:Guizhou
1757:Sichuan
1700:Beiyang
1610:(incl.
1103:中国社会科学院
893:28 June
823:10 July
584:Qinghai
546:Qinghai
500:Qinghai
470:, when
432:Qinghai
389:Ma Ch'i
312:General
292:general
201:Qinghai
112:Qinghai
70:Qinghai
1752:Yunnan
1732:Shanxi
1138:Rulers
1117:
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1003:
976:
948:
921:
884:
800:
794:189017
792:
755:
728:
685:
646:
640:189017
638:
580:Xining
534:Xunhua
428:Ma Lin
416:Linxia
399:ﻣَﺎ ٿِ
386::
376::
374:pinyin
368::
360::
316:Xining
271:
259:
197:Xining
29:, the
1792:(CCP)
1784:(KMT)
1710:Zhili
1705:Anhui
798:S2CID
790:JSTOR
644:S2CID
636:JSTOR
420:Gansu
379:Mǎ Qí
354:Ma Qi
177:Gansu
58:Ma Qi
46:Ma Qi
1683:1934
1673:1932
1663:1932
1623:1930
1600:1929
1568:1928
1548:1927
1538:1927
1528:1927
1518:1927
1486:1926
1458:1925
1430:1924
1420:1923
1398:1922
1378:1921
1348:1920
1318:1919
1278:1917
1268:1916
1244:1915
1234:1913
1115:ISBN
1072:ISBN
1045:ISBN
1001:ISBN
974:ISBN
946:ISBN
919:ISBN
895:2010
882:ISBN
846:help
825:2014
819:: 30
753:ISBN
726:ISBN
683:ISBN
298:Unit
288:Rank
187:Died
160:Born
782:doi
628:doi
544:in
453:'s
412:Hui
314:of
215:Hui
33:is
1824::
1742:Ma
1721:)
1655:/
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364:;
362:马麒
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