161:
1237:, or skins, which could change the default Apple Platinum look of the Mac OS to "Gizmo" or "HiTech" themes. This radical changing of the computer's appearance was removed at the last minute, and appeared only in beta versions, though users could still make (and share) their own themes and use them with the OS. The Appearance control panel was also updated to support proportional scroll bars, and added the option for both scroll arrows to be placed at the bottom of a scroll bar.
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1001:"Tempo", Mac OS 8.0 was announced on July 22, 1997, and released on July 26. The early beta releases of the product which were circulated to developers and Apple internal audiences, were branded as Mac OS 7.7, superseding the then-current release, Mac OS 7.6. The software was renamed Mac OS 8 before final release.
949:
The
Copland development was hampered by many missed deadlines. The release date was first pushed back to the end of 1995, then to mid-1996, late 1996, and finally to the end of 1997. With a dedicated team of 500 software engineers and an annual budget of $ 250 million, Apple executives began to grow
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applications. Carbon support requires a PowerPC processor and installation of the CarbonLib software from Apple's website; it is not a standard component of Mac OS 8.1. Applications needing later versions of CarbonLib will not run on Mac OS 8.1. More recent versions of CarbonLib require Mac OS 8.6.
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2.x and later developer API. Mac OS 8.6 improved PowerBook battery life, added
Sherlock 2.1, and is faster and much more stable than either version of 8.5.x. It is the first version of Mac OS to display the version number as part of the startup screen. However, there is no process separation; the
1213:
format for online help, first adopted by the Finder's Info Center in Mac OS 8, was now used throughout. This made it easier for software companies to write online help systems. The PPP control panel was removed and replaced with Remote Access, which provides the same functionality but also allows
909:
Starting in 1988, Apple's next-generation operating system, which it originally envisioned to be "System 8" was codenamed
Copland. It was announced in March 1994 alongside the introduction of the first PowerPC Macs. Apple intended Copland as a fully modern system, including native PowerPC code,
1221:
The installation process was simplified considerably in Mac OS 8.5. In earlier versions the installer worked in segments and often required a user to click to continue in between stages of the installation. This was a holdover from the days when the OS was distributed on multiple floppy disks,
1265:
made its debut with 8.5 – the application menu at the right side of the menu bar could be resized to show the active application's name, or 'torn off' into a palette of buttons. This palette could be customized in many ways, by removing the window frame and changing the size and layout of the
835:, approximately six years before. It places a greater emphasis on color than prior versions. Released over a series of updates, Mac OS 8 represents an incremental integration of many of the technologies which had been developed from 1988 to 1996 for Apple's overly ambitious OS named
1194:
search utility. This allowed users to search the contents of documents on hard drives (if the user had let it index the drive), or extend a search to the
Internet. Sherlock plug-ins started appearing at this time; these allowed users to search the contents of other websites.
2022:
Read and write version support for UDF version 1.02 only. Some earlier versions of the operating system could support UDF via third-party utilities as far back as 7.5, along with additional UDF version support. Future versions of UDF were not officially supported until
1300:
system still uses cooperative multitasking between processes, and even a process that is
Multiprocessing Services-aware still has a portion that runs in the "blue task", which also runs all programs that are unaware of it, and was the only task that can run 68k code.
1102:
the hard drive, which deletes the entire contents of the drive. Some third-party utilities later appeared that preserved the user's data while upgrading to HFS+. The 68040 systems do not support booting from HFS+ disks; the boot drive must be HFS.
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and relying on third parties to provide a user interface for the task. By setting it to display horizontally and turning off the window border, the palette's look and function could be configured to resemble the
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announced that, rather than release
Copland as one monolithic release, Copland features would be phased into the Mac OS following a six-month release cycle. These updates began with Mac OS 7.6, released during
1226:
promoting a natural segmentation model. The Mac OS 8.5 installer generally required very little user interaction once it was started. Customisation options were also much more detailed yet simpler to manage.
1913:
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In fact, the latest word out in the
Macwarez scene is that pirates shouldn't copy Apple's OS 8—Mac's latest operating system—they should buy it, since Apple so desperately needs the money.
846:
Mac OS 8 is one of Apple's most commercially successful software releases, selling over 1.2 million copies in the first two weeks. As it came at a difficult time in Apple's history, many
1198:
Mac OS 8.5 includes several performance improvements. Copying files over a network was faster than prior versions and Apple advertised it as being "faster than
Windows NT".
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1098:, also named Mac OS Extended, which supported large file sizes and made more efficient use of larger hard drives via using a smaller block size. To upgrade, users must
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While CNET's initial review of Mac OS 8 was more circumspect, its editorial staff named it one of the best products of 1997 in their year-end roundup.
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froze development of
Copland and Apple began a search for an operating system developed outside the company. This ultimately led to Apple buying
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Relocation of the 'Help' menu from an icon at the right end of the menu bar to a standard textual menu positioned after the application's menus.
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Mac OS 8.5.1, released
December 7, 1998, was a minor update to Mac OS 8.5 that fixes several bugs that caused crashes and data corruption.
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Mac OS 8.6 was released on May 10, 1999 as a free update for Mac users running 8.5 and 8.5.1. It added support to the
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Mac OS 8-8.1: A new look. A new feel. A dramatically new experience. Mac OS 8.5-8.6: Faster. Smarter. Far more clever.
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This article is about the eighth major release of the classic Mac OS. For version 10.8 of macOS (formerly OS X), see
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buttons. Apple provided no user interface to set these options, instead making them available via AppleScript and
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Desktop Pictures control panel, allowing photographs to be set as the desktop background; not only tiled patterns.
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2059:"Apple Sells 1.2 Million Copies of Mac OS 8; Best Software Product Sales Ever in First Two Weeks of Availability"
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From Mac OS 8.5 onward, MacLinkPlus document translation software is no longer bundled as part of the Mac OS.
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processors. It addressed performance and reliability improvements. It introduced a new file system named
1054:
Simple Finder, an option which reduces Finder menus to basic operations, to avoid overwhelming new users.
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on July 26, 1997. It includes the largest overhaul of the classic Mac OS experience since the release of
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was also rewritten to use only PowerPC code, which improved AppleScript execution speed significantly.
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Mac OS 8.1 was free for Mac OS 8 owners and was available in February 1998 via the apple.com website.
989:. Mac OS 8.0, released six months later, continued to integrate Copland technologies into the Mac OS.
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839:. Mac OS 8 helped modernize the Mac OS while Apple developed its next-generation operating system,
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Released on January 19, 1998, Mac OS 8.1 was the last version of the Mac OS to run on Macs with
942:. The system was intended to be a full rewrite of the Mac OS, and Apple hoped to beat Microsoft
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2216:"Apple Introduces Mac OS 8--Most Significant Macintosh Operating System Release Since 1984"
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Released October 17, 1998, Mac OS 8.5 was the first version of the Mac OS to run solely on
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https://archive.today/20130209071935/http://www.versiontracker.com/dyn/moreinfo/macos/359
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error screen will appear. As such, it replaced some, but not all, of the 680x0 code with
1008:, a Finder which was PowerPC-native and multithreaded, and greater customization of the
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impatient with the project continually falling behind schedule. In August 1996, Apple
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in August, newly hired chief technologist Ellen Hancock froze development altogether.
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groups refused to traffic in the new OS, encouraging people to buy it instead.
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Customization of system fonts and increased use of the user-set accent color.
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Mac OS 8.0 introduces the most visible changes in the lineup, including the
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support on the Mac for the first time. It also shipped with the new
2184:
Apple: The Inside Story of Intrigue, Egomania and Business Blunders
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to support Multiprocessing Services 2.0, battery life improvement
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Along with themes support, 8.5 was the first version to support
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Other features introduced in Mac OS 8.0 include the following:
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1136:
Mac OS 8.1 is the earliest version of the Mac OS that can run
1111:
36:
875:. Mac OS 8.5 is the first version of the Mac OS to require a
1175:
processor. If Mac OS 8.5 is installed on a 68k system, the
1233:
Mac OS 8.5 was the first version of the Mac OS to support
930:
integrated into the Finder. Copland was to be followed by
2355:"Best of '97: CNET looks back at the year's top products"
347:
at the Wayback Machine (archived September 22, 1999)
2392:"Mac OS 8 and 9 compatibility with Macintosh computers"
1183:
code, improving system performance by relying less on
2299:"Apple Introduces Mac OS 8.5 - The Must-Have Upgrade"
2186:(2nd ed.). London: Random House Business Books.
946:
to market with a development cycle of only one year.
843:(renamed in 2012 to OS X and then in 2016 to macOS).
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1258:, allowing for transparency-translucency effects.
1026:, accessed via ctrl-click with a one-button mouse.
879:processor. It features PowerPC native versions of
1078:, AppleScript execution and system startup times.
27:Eighth major release of the classic Mac OS (1997)
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2053:
2051:
1121:Mac OS 8.1 also included an enhanced version of
1426:Crash, memory leaks and data corruption fixes
867:. Mac OS 8.1 introduces a new, more efficient
4773:Category: Microkernel-based operating systems
3666:
2952:
2529:
1907:
794:
8:
144:
1004:Major changes in this version included the
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1106:Mac OS 8.1 was the first system to have a
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787:
370:
143:
2148:Apple Confidential – "The Copland Crisis"
2141:
2139:
1402:required, Sherlock, Themes, 32-bit icons
1029:Pop-up (or tabbed) windows in the Finder.
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1891:
1315:
2430: (archived February 22, 2004) from
2036:
2015:
1038:WindowShade widget in window titlebars.
378:
2279:from the original on February 18, 2015
2218:. Apple. July 22, 1997. Archived from
1568:
365:Historical, unsupported as of May 2001
2456: (archived August 21, 2004) from
2335:from the original on October 12, 2022
2241:Pogue, David; Schorr, Joseph (1999).
1811:
1788:
1518:
1515:
7:
2443: (archived April 10, 2004) from
2150:. No Starch Press. pp. 225–226.
2121:from the original on August 27, 2017
2111:"Where do you want to pirate today?"
895:, was released on October 23, 1999.
65:adding citations to reliable sources
4820:Microkernel-based operating systems
2469: (archived June 19, 2004) from
2361:. December 30, 1997. Archived from
2305:from the original on April 23, 2009
1850:Yes: machine-specific version only
1833:Yes: machine-specific version only
1809:Yes: machine-specific version only
1786:Yes: machine-specific version only
1295:to handle preemptive tasks via the
1251:color (16.7 million colors) and an
965:which would eventually evolve into
816:is the eighth major release of the
2463:Mac OS 8.6 - Technical Note TN1163
2450:Mac OS 8.5 - Technical Note TN1142
2437:Mac OS 8.1 - Technical Note TN1121
2401:from the original on March 4, 2009
1895:Timeline of Mac operating systems
1209:for type was also introduced. The
25:
2244:MacWorld Mac Secrets, 5th Edition
1829:Power Macintosh G3 Blue and White
918:, a customizable interface named
4777:
4776:
4767:
4766:
3637:
3636:
3627:
2424:Mac OS 8 - Technical Note TN1102
1152:initially, but soon switched to
1146:Apple's agreement with Microsoft
1060:A faster Apple Guide, featuring
386:
159:
41:
4357:
2714:Macintosh Programmer's Workshop
2476:Mac OS 8 Hardware Compatibility
1886:List of Apple operating systems
1767:Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh
974:Worldwide Developers Conference
891:search utility. Its successor,
562:Macintosh Programmer's Workshop
52:needs additional citations for
2162:"How Apple Took its NeXT Step"
1:
3304:AIX for Apple Network Servers
2478:at the Wayback Machine, from
1820:(266 MHz, 333 MHz)
345:Apple - Products - Mac OS 8.6
1205:Font Smoothing, system-wide
1074:Performance improvements to
4027:Multi-Environment Real-Time
1110:(UDF) driver, allowing for
969:in 2001 (now named macOS).
4841:
1798:
1081:Faster desktop rebuilding.
924:hardware abstraction layer
905:Copland (operating system)
902:
29:
4815:PowerPC operating systems
4739:
3625:
2502:
2495:
2487:
1849:
1846:
1822:
1457:December 4, 2010, at the
1438:
1405:iMac (Bondi Blue) Rev. B
1380:iMac (Bondi Blue) Rev. A
364:
158:
149:
2835:Multiprocessing Services
2795:Hierarchical File System
2146:Linzmayer, Owen (1999).
2085:"Mac OS 8 Sales on Fire"
1297:Multiprocessing Services
1156:as its default browser.
1048:Redesigned color picker.
952:chief technology officer
645:Hierarchical File System
165:Screenshot of Mac OS 8.1
3161:Mac OS X 10.0 (Cheetah)
1216:AppleTalk Remote Access
978:chief executive officer
976:in January 1997, Apple
940:preemptive multitasking
857:interface and a native
827:computers, released by
238:8.6 / May 10, 1999
4783:Category: Microkernels
2325:"Mac OS 8 has arrived"
2182:Carlton, Jim (1999) .
1032:Spring-loaded folders.
240:; 25 years ago
220:; 27 years ago
3319:PowerOpen Environment
2967:Operating systems by
2815:Macintosh File System
2275:. February 13, 2015.
1118:runtime (JDK 1.1.3).
1108:Universal Disk Format
1092:Motorola 68000 series
1069:Apple Filing Protocol
665:Macintosh File System
196:Historic, unsupported
4762:Open-source software
4269:Java virtual machine
3201:10.8 (Mountain Lion)
2222:on February 20, 1999
61:improve this article
4721:Andrew S. Tanenbaum
3273:Mac OS X Server 1.0
3226:10.13 (High Sierra)
3191:10.6 (Snow Leopard)
3071:Systems 2, 3, and 4
2633:Graphing Calculator
1263:application palette
1154:Internet Explorer 4
1150:Internet Explorer 3
997:Developed with the
928:relational database
479:Graphing Calculator
374:Part of a series on
261:Motorola 68k series
146:
3216:10.11 (El Capitan)
2740:Appearance Manager
2683:System Information
2564:System 2, 3, and 4
2168:on July 24, 2012.
2117:. August 8, 1997.
1864:Power Macintosh G4
1856:Power Macintosh G4
1782:Power Macintosh G3
1774:Power Macintosh G3
1190:It introduced the
1067:Native support of
920:Appearance Manager
912:intelligent agents
590:Appearance Manager
529:System Information
408:System 2, 3, and 4
218:July 26, 1997
32:OS X Mountain Lion
4792:
4791:
4706:James G. Mitchell
4691:Per Brinch Hansen
4510:
4509:
4345:
4344:
4138:
4137:
3834:
3833:
3751:Mac OS nanokernel
3648:
3647:
3562:Apple TV Software
3361:
3360:
2934:
2933:
2911:Memory management
2820:Macintosh Toolbox
2512:
2511:
2503:Succeeded by
2365:on April 23, 1999
2065:on April 23, 2009
2006:
2005:
1877:
1876:
1478:
1477:
1432:The Ric Ford (of
1429:iMac (5 flavors)
1419:December 7, 1998
1396:October 17, 1998
1377:HFS+ file system
1369:January 19, 1998
1293:Mac OS nanokernel
1129:, and supporting
1127:Microsoft Windows
936:memory protection
934:, which promised
811:
810:
758:Memory management
670:Macintosh Toolbox
369:
368:
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
4832:
4780:
4779:
4770:
4769:
4316:
4144:Capability-based
3960:
3950:
3699:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3652:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3630:
3574:Apple Vision Pro
3236:10.15 (Catalina)
3211:10.10 (Yosemite)
3206:10.9 (Mavericks)
3054:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2938:
2904:Related articles
2875:Startup sequence
2653:QuickTime Player
2538:
2531:
2524:
2515:
2488:Preceded by
2485:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2388:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2247:. IDG. pp.
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2164:. Archived from
2158:
2152:
2151:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2091:on July 18, 2012
2087:. Archived from
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2061:. Archived from
2055:
2046:
2041:
2024:
2020:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1892:
1525:Macintosh LC 475
1488:Macintosh model
1485:
1383:Bride of Buster
1350:Power Macintosh
1347:Initial release
1316:
1247:. Icons now had
1171:equipped with a
938:spaces and full
821:operating system
803:
796:
789:
720:Startup sequence
499:QuickTime Player
390:
371:
341:Official website
248:
246:
241:
228:
226:
221:
163:
154:operating system
147:
141:Operating system
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4765:
4735:
4676:Thomas Bushnell
4657:
4624:
4506:
4475:
4444:
4394:
4368:
4341:
4304:
4263:
4223:
4134:
4085:
3944:
3937:
3830:
3790:
3763:
3735:
3688:
3679:
3649:
3644:
3621:
3521:
3357:
3279:
3100:
3043:
2971:
2965:
2935:
2930:
2899:
2885:System suitcase
2765:Command key (⌘)
2723:
2692:
2673:Software Update
2658:Network Browser
2638:Keychain Access
2598:
2547:
2542:
2508:
2499:
2493:
2467:Wayback Machine
2454:Wayback Machine
2441:Wayback Machine
2428:Wayback Machine
2420:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2390:
2389:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2353:
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2209:
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2092:
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2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1920:
1882:
1866:(AGP Graphics)
1858:(PCI Graphics)
1844:(Slot Loading)
1759:Power Macintosh
1751:Power Macintosh
1743:Power Macintosh
1735:Power Macintosh
1727:Power Macintosh
1719:Power Macintosh
1711:Power Macintosh
1703:Power Macintosh
1695:Power Macintosh
1687:Power Macintosh
1679:Power Macintosh
1671:Power Macintosh
1663:Power Macintosh
1655:Power Macintosh
1647:Power Macintosh
1639:Power Macintosh
1631:Power Macintosh
1623:Power Macintosh
1615:Power Macintosh
1607:Power Macintosh
1483:
1459:Wayback Machine
1314:
1306:
1289:
1281:
1218:(ARA) servers.
1214:connections to
1185:680x0 emulation
1165:
1148:, 8.1 included
1088:
1035:Live scrolling.
995:
961:and developing
907:
901:
807:
778:
777:
753:
745:
744:
730:System suitcase
615:Command key (⌘)
580:
572:
571:
547:
539:
538:
519:Software Update
504:Network Browser
484:Keychain Access
451:
443:
442:
398:
297:
282:
244:
242:
239:
224:
222:
219:
213:
166:
150:Version of the
142:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4838:
4836:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4810:Classic Mac OS
4807:
4797:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4757:
4749:
4747:= discontinued
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4716:Richard Rashid
4713:
4708:
4703:
4701:Jochen Liedtke
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4681:David Cheriton
4678:
4673:
4667:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4650:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4626:
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4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
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4483:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4432:Icaros Desktop
4429:
4423:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4378:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4358:Classic Mac OS
4354:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4332:
4324:
4322:
4313:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4294:
4273:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4255:
4247:
4241:
4234:
4232:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4203:HarmonyOS NEXT
4199:
4192:
4185:
4179:
4172:
4148:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4065:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4039:
4023:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4007:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3975:
3968:
3966:
3957:
3947:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3925:TI-RTOS kernel
3922:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3901:Off++ → Plan B
3899:
3892:
3886:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3863:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3835:
3832:
3831:
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3821:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3801:
3799:
3792:
3791:
3789:
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3773:
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3765:
3764:
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3761:
3754:
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3734:
3733:
3727:
3708:
3706:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3680:
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3677:
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3655:
3646:
3645:
3626:
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3622:
3620:
3619:
3618:
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3607:
3606:
3605:
3595:
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3592:
3591:
3586:
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3570:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3336:
3331:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3287:
3285:
3284:Other projects
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3231:10.14 (Mojave)
3228:
3223:
3221:10.12 (Sierra)
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3186:10.5 (Leopard)
3183:
3178:
3176:10.3 (Panther)
3173:
3168:
3163:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3058:Classic Mac OS
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2989:
2987:
2973:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2840:Option key (⌥)
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2545:Classic Mac OS
2543:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2494:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2473:
2460:
2447:
2434:
2419:
2418:External links
2416:
2413:
2412:
2376:
2346:
2316:
2290:
2264:
2257:
2233:
2207:
2192:
2174:
2153:
2135:
2102:
2076:
2047:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1878:
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1868:
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1860:
1859:
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1838:
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1834:
1831:
1825:
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1814:
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1797:
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1501:
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1469:
1462:
1447:
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1437:
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1424:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1394:
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1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1344:July 26, 1997
1342:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1164:
1161:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:virtual memory
1072:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1041:Multithreaded
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1020:
1010:user interface
1006:Platinum theme
994:
991:
903:Main article:
900:
897:
829:Apple Computer
818:classic Mac OS
809:
808:
806:
805:
798:
791:
783:
780:
779:
776:
775:
770:
765:
760:
754:
751:
750:
747:
746:
743:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
685:Option key (⌥)
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
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592:
587:
581:
578:
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573:
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569:
564:
559:
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541:
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531:
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486:
481:
476:
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458:
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449:
448:
445:
444:
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440:
435:
430:
429:
428:
420:
415:
410:
405:
399:
396:
395:
392:
391:
383:
382:
380:Classic Mac OS
376:
375:
367:
366:
362:
361:
360:Support status
357:
356:
353:
349:
348:
342:
338:
337:
332:
328:
327:
322:
318:
317:
312:
306:
305:
303:Apple Platinum
300:
298:user interface
292:
291:
272:
265:
264:
254:
250:
249:
236:
234:Latest release
230:
229:
216:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
177:Apple Computer
174:
168:
167:
164:
156:
155:
152:Classic Mac OS
140:
135:
134:
117:September 2015
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4837:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4805:1997 software
4803:
4802:
4800:
4785:
4784:
4775:
4774:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4726:Avie Tevanian
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4696:Gernot Heiser
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4495:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4287:^ integrates
4286:
4285:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4272:
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4016:
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4008:
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3893:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3862:Little Kernel
3861:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3827:
3826:
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3808:
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3548:
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3539:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:Other devices
3524:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
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3479:
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3469:
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3431:
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3416:
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3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3383:iPod software
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3341:
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3327:
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3320:
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3307:
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3300:
3297:
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3286:
3282:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:12 (Monterey)
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
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3209:
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3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:10.2 (Jaguar)
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
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3141:
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3125:
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3112:
3111:
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3097:
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3046:
3038:
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3025:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
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2990:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:New World ROM
2919:
2917:
2916:Old World ROM
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2880:System folder
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:Resource fork
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
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2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
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2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:Control Strip
2773:
2771:
2770:Control Panel
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
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2730:
2726:
2720:
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2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2689:
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2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:PictureViewer
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
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2580:
2577:
2575:
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2562:
2560:
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2556:
2554:
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2532:
2527:
2525:
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2516:
2507:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2481:
2477:
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2464:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2448:
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2435:
2433:
2429:
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2422:
2421:
2417:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2383:
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2377:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2258:9780764540400
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2237:
2234:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2030:
2019:
2016:
2009:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1912:
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1898:
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1597:
1596:
1592:
1589:
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1584:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1564:PowerBook Duo
1562:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1481:Compatibility
1480:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:May 10, 1999
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1418:
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1358:
1355:
1353:
1349:
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1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1322:Release date
1321:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1256:alpha channel
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:disk swapping
1219:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1186:
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1178:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1160:
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1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1101:
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1085:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:context menus
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
992:
990:
988:
983:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:Ellen Hancock
953:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
906:
898:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
863:
862:multithreaded
860:
856:
851:
849:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
819:
815:
804:
799:
797:
792:
790:
785:
784:
782:
781:
774:
771:
769:
768:New World ROM
766:
764:
763:Old World ROM
761:
759:
756:
755:
749:
748:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
725:System folder
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
710:Resource fork
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
625:Control Strip
623:
621:
620:Control Panel
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
576:
575:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
543:
542:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
489:PictureViewer
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
447:
446:
439:
436:
434:
431:
426:
425:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
400:
394:
393:
389:
385:
384:
381:
377:
373:
372:
363:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:
339:
336:
333:
329:
326:
323:
319:
316:
313:
311:
307:
304:
301:
299:
293:
289:
285:
280:
276:
273:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
251:
237:
235:
231:
217:
215:
214:manufacturing
209:
206:
205:Closed source
203:
199:
195:
193:Working state
191:
188:
185:
181:
178:
175:
173:
169:
162:
157:
153:
148:
139:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4825:Microkernels
4781:
4771:
4759:
4751:
4746:
4743:
4731:William Wulf
4605:
4599:
4593:
4585:
4572:
4522:
4514:
4501:Workplace OS
4499:
4492:
4488:
4481:AIM alliance
4468:
4386:
4380:
4356:
4349:
4334:
4327:
4296:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4249:
4216:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4174:
4163:
4157:
4151:
4111:Nucleus RTOS
4096:
4079:
4072:
4060:
4041:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4017:
3990:
3983:
3970:
3930:
3911:
3904:
3894:
3881:
3865:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3823:
3804:
3782:
3776:
3756:
3749:
3717:
3711:
3682:Microkernels
3261:15 (Sequoia)
3251:13 (Ventura)
3241:11 (Big Sur)
3181:10.4 (Tiger)
3090:
2870:Sosumi sound
2780:Creator code
2755:Balloon help
2603:Applications
2588:
2496:
2405:February 28,
2403:. Retrieved
2367:. Retrieved
2363:the original
2358:
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2328:
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2293:
2283:February 18,
2281:. Retrieved
2267:
2243:
2236:
2224:. Retrieved
2220:the original
2210:
2183:
2177:
2169:
2166:the original
2156:
2147:
2130:
2125:September 4,
2123:. Retrieved
2114:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2089:the original
2079:
2067:. Retrieved
2063:the original
2039:
2018:
1795:PowerBook G3
1450:
1439:Free update
1420:
1386:Free update
1370:
1307:
1290:
1282:
1279:Mac OS 8.5.1
1268:Apple Events
1262:
1260:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1220:
1207:antialiasing
1204:
1197:
1189:
1166:
1158:
1143:
1135:
1120:
1105:
1089:
1014:
1003:
996:
971:
948:
908:
852:
845:
813:
812:
715:Sosumi sound
630:Creator code
605:Balloon help
450:Applications
432:
331:Succeeded by
201:Source model
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
4671:Gordon Bell
4561:OpenComRTOS
4458:Singularity
4284:Chorus/Jazz
4207:OpenHarmony
3686:nanokernels
3545:Apple Watch
3403:iPhone OS 3
3398:iPhone OS 2
3393:iPhone OS 1
3256:14 (Sonoma)
3196:10.7 (Lion)
3166:10.1 (Puma)
3134:Public Beta
2895:WorldScript
2830:MultiFinder
2619:Drive Setup
2369:February 6,
2339:February 6,
2273:"LowEndMac"
1776:All-In-One
1200:AppleScript
1144:As part of
1123:PC Exchange
1064:help pages.
916:microkernel
885:AppleScript
869:file system
740:WorldScript
680:MultiFinder
465:Drive Setup
321:Preceded by
315:Proprietary
263:(until 8.5)
212:Released to
4799:Categories
4663:Developers
4630:Frameworks
4567:Phantom OS
4531:ChibiOS/RT
3889:µ-velOSity
3883:MicroEmpix
3589:visionOS 2
3584:visionOS 1
3325:Cancelled
2790:Extensions
2760:Bomb error
2745:Apple menu
2728:Technology
2688:SimpleText
2623:DVD Player
2610:Calculator
2396:Apple Inc.
2226:October 2,
2193:0099270730
2069:October 1,
2031:References
1466:nanokernel
1452:(download)
1436:) Release
1434:Macintouch
1372:(download)
1287:Mac OS 8.6
1275:task bar.
1273:Windows 95
1163:Mac OS 8.5
1086:Mac OS 8.1
993:Mac OS 8.0
982:Gil Amelio
944:Windows 95
887:, and the
640:Extensions
610:Bomb error
595:Apple menu
579:Technology
534:SimpleText
469:DVD Player
456:Calculator
284:nanokernel
275:Monolithic
245:1999-05-10
225:1997-07-26
87:newspapers
76:"Mac OS 8"
18:Mac OS 8.6
4754:Real-time
4711:Ike Nassi
4686:Dan Dodge
4450:Microsoft
4320:Unix-like
4310:Macintosh
4218:HarmonyOS
4105:Integrity
4004:Minix-vmd
3964:Unix-like
3943:Operating
3741:Macintosh
3538:Newton OS
3515:iPadOS 18
3510:iPadOS 17
3505:iPadOS 16
3500:iPadOS 15
3495:iPadOS 14
3490:iPadOS 13
3329:Star Trek
3015:Apple III
2998:Apple DOS
2890:Type code
2860:QuickTime
2855:QuickDraw
2704:HyperCard
2697:Developer
2663:Scrapbook
2648:PowerTalk
2497:Mac OS 8
2202:925000937
2095:March 30,
1599:PowerBook
1591:PowerBook
1583:PowerBook
1575:PowerBook
1556:PowerBook
1548:PowerBook
1540:PowerBook
1513:machines
1474:Veronica
1331:Codename
1328:Computer
1304:Reception
881:QuickDraw
825:Macintosh
735:Type code
705:QuickTime
700:QuickDraw
552:HyperCard
546:Developer
509:Scrapbook
494:PowerTalk
253:Platforms
187:Macintosh
183:OS family
172:Developer
4537:FreeRTOS
4494:Taligent
4426:Broadway
4420:AspireOS
4290:ChorusOS
4211:Oniro OS
4098:ChorusOS
3978:GNU Hurd
3932:Vanguard
3874:GNU Mach
3758:NuKernel
3642:Category
3615:bridgeOS
3610:T series
3579:visionOS
3557:Apple TV
3351:Vanguard
3344:Nukernel
3334:Taligent
3290:Shipped
3157:Desktop
3129:Rhapsody
3124:OpenStep
3119:NeXTSTEP
3096:Mac OS 9
3091:Mac OS 8
3086:System 7
3081:System 6
3076:System 5
3066:System 1
3037:MacWorks
2993:Apple II
2977:Apple II
2926:Software
2825:Managers
2805:Keychain
2800:HFS Plus
2678:Stickies
2668:Sherlock
2594:Mac OS 9
2589:Mac OS 8
2583:Mac OS 7
2579:System 7
2574:System 6
2569:System 5
2559:System 1
2552:Versions
2506:Mac OS 9
2491:Mac OS 7
2399:Archived
2333:Archived
2303:Archived
2277:Archived
2119:Archived
1880:See also
1455:Archived
1411:$ 99 US
1408:Allegro
1359:$ 99 US
1325:Changes
1319:Version
1312:Versions
1192:Sherlock
1100:reformat
1071:over IP.
999:codename
967:Mac OS X
963:Rhapsody
932:Gershwin
926:, and a
893:Mac OS 9
889:Sherlock
873:HFS Plus
855:Platinum
841:Mac OS X
833:System 7
814:Mac OS 8
773:Software
675:Managers
655:Keychain
650:HFS Plus
524:Stickies
514:Sherlock
438:Mac OS 9
433:Mac OS 8
427:Mac OS 7
423:System 7
418:System 6
413:System 5
403:System 1
397:Versions
335:Mac OS 9
325:System 7
145:Mac OS 8
4744:Italics
4653:TI-RTOS
4601:Harmony
4580:SharpOS
4574:RC 4000
4543:HelenOS
4463:ThreadX
4440:MorphOS
4409:AmigaOS
4388:Symbian
4365:kernel)
4363:PowerPC
4351:Copland
4336:MacMach
4329:MachTen
4090:Partial
4036:Unix-RT
4019:MkLinux
4010:Minix 3
3956:support
3945:systems
3919:RTLinux
3913:PowerUP
3896:nucleus
3694:Kernels
3603:audioOS
3598:HomePod
3550:watchOS
3339:Copland
3314:MkLinux
3114:History
3032:Lisa OS
2750:At Ease
2719:ResEdit
2709:MacsBug
2615:Chooser
2465:at the
2452:at the
2439:at the
2426:at the
2309:May 10,
1842:iMac G3
1818:iMac G3
1805:iMac G3
1507:Centris
1400:PowerPC
1181:PowerPC
1177:Sad Mac
1173:PowerPC
1022:Pop-up
972:At the
899:Copland
877:PowerPC
859:PowerPC
837:Copland
752:Related
600:At Ease
567:ResEdit
557:MacsBug
461:Chooser
352:Tagline
310:License
296:Default
288:PowerPC
257:PowerPC
243: (
223: (
101:scholar
4647:Genode
4641:Cosmos
4619:Zephyr
4524:BeRTOS
4516:Amoeba
4312:hosted
4278:JavaOS
4258:Wombat
4251:REX OS
4244:PikeOS
4238:LLinux
4231:kernel
4189:Midori
4170:CapROS
4159:KeyKOS
4153:GNOSIS
4074:UNICOS
4062:Spring
4043:OS2000
3992:MeikOS
3825:WarpOS
3812:ExecSG
3743:hosted
3705:family
3533:Newton
3485:iPadOS
3478:iOS 18
3473:iOS 17
3468:iOS 16
3463:iOS 15
3458:iOS 14
3453:iOS 13
3448:iOS 12
3443:iOS 11
3438:iOS 10
3371:iPhone
3294:A/ROSE
3268:Server
3144:Darwin
3003:ProDOS
2845:OSType
2810:Labels
2785:Dogcow
2628:Finder
2255:
2251:–319.
2200:
2190:
2115:Forbes
1511:Quadra
1471:iBook
1416:8.5.1
1356:Tempo
1334:Price
1249:24-bit
1242:32-bit
1235:themes
1138:Carbon
1043:Finder
980:(CEO)
871:named
865:Finder
848:pirate
690:OSType
660:Labels
635:Dogcow
474:Finder
269:Kernel
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
4595:Thoth
4549:µC/OS
4470:Verve
4402:-type
4400:Amiga
4374:Psion
4196:NLTSS
4176:Hydra
4117:NuttX
4068:Tinix
4055:Redox
3998:Minix
3985:Lites
3954:POSIX
3840:ADEOS
3819:Quark
3798:-type
3796:Amiga
3769:Psion
3713:Eumel
3433:iOS 9
3428:iOS 8
3423:iOS 7
3418:iOS 6
3413:iOS 5
3408:iOS 4
3140:Core
3106:macOS
3008:GS/OS
2969:Apple
2735:Alias
2500:1997
2480:Apple
2471:Apple
2458:Apple
2445:Apple
2432:Apple
2010:Notes
1872:iBook
1761:9600
1753:8600
1745:7600
1737:9500
1729:8500
1721:8100
1713:7500
1705:7300
1697:7200
1689:7100
1681:6500
1673:6400
1665:6300
1657:6200
1649:6100
1641:5500
1633:5400
1625:5300
1617:5200
1609:4400
1601:3400
1593:2400
1585:1400
1577:5300
1566:2300
1253:8-bit
1245:icons
1131:FAT32
585:Alias
108:JSTOR
94:books
4760:° =
4752:^ =
4634:kits
4613:VRTX
4604:^ →
4598:^ →
4587:SPIN
4489:Pink
4414:AROS
4382:EPOC
4182:seL4
4165:EROS
4129:RIOT
4081:VSTa
4032:MERT
3906:Opus
3867:Mach
3848:EROS
3806:Exec
3784:EKA2
3778:EKA1
3730:OKL4
3633:List
3567:tvOS
3375:iPad
3367:iPod
3299:A/UX
3027:Lisa
2985:Lisa
2850:PICT
2407:2009
2371:2023
2359:CNET
2341:2023
2329:CNET
2311:2011
2285:2015
2253:ISBN
2228:2019
2198:OCLC
2188:ISBN
2127:2017
2097:2007
2071:2017
2023:8.6.
1836:Yes
1812:Yes
1789:Yes
1569:Yes
1558:540
1550:520
1542:190
1516:Yes
1505:All
1500:8.6
1497:8.5
1494:8.1
1491:8.0
1464:New
1261:The
1211:HTML
1169:Macs
1116:Java
1096:HFS+
1062:HTML
987:WWDC
959:NeXT
922:, a
914:, a
823:for
695:PICT
271:type
80:news
4555:MQX
4123:OSE
4049:QNX
4030:^ (
3972:ARX
3856:K42
3388:iOS
3309:MAE
3149:XNU
3049:Mac
3020:SOS
2981:III
2249:318
1847:No
1823:No
1799:No
1533:580
1529:575
1519:No
1445:8.6
1392:8.5
1365:8.1
1340:8.0
1112:DVD
279:68k
63:by
4801::
4655:^°
4632:,
4621:^°
4569:^°
4551:^°
4539:^°
4533:^°
4527:^°
4498:→
4496:OS
4491:→
4416:°
4392:^°
4390:OS
4385:→
4298:JX
4293:^)
4260:^°
4240:^°
4229:L4
4215:→
4209:,
4184:^°
4168:→
4162:→
4156:→
4131:^°
4119:^°
4034:–
4000:°
3927:^°
3870:°
3851:^°
3787:^°
3781:→
3724:L4
3722:→
3719:L3
3716:→
3703:L4
3635:•
3373:,
3369:,
2983:,
2979:,
2394:.
2379:^
2357:.
2331:.
2327:.
2301:.
2196:.
2138:^
2129:.
2113:.
2050:^
1531:,
1527:,
1509:/
1352:G3
1187:.
1133:.
1012:.
883:,
281:),
259:,
4649:°
4643:°
4615:^
4607:V
4590:°
4582:°
4563:^
4557:^
4545:°
4519:°
4465:^
4434:°
4428:°
4422:°
4361:(
4301:°
4281:(
4254:^
4246:^
4213:)
4205:(
4125:^
4113:^
4107:^
4100:^
4057:°
4051:^
4038:)
4022:°
4012:°
4006:°
3980:°
3921:°
3891:^
3876:°
3859:°
3843:°
3732:°
3726:°
3684:-
3674:e
3667:t
3660:v
2960:e
2953:t
2946:v
2537:e
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2409:.
2373:.
2343:.
2313:.
2287:.
2261:.
2230:.
2204:.
2099:.
2073:.
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286:(
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247:)
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124:(
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115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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