1392:
1024:
489:
63:
1036:
4564:
1611:
898:
508:
166:
191:
1151:
715:
1068:
province that was called free" offering him support; he was subsequently captured by Pompey's forces and executed. After several months, Pompey broke out of
Dyrrhachium and headed southeast toward Thessaly. On the march he was met by another Macedonian, Acornion of Dionysiopolis, who came offering an alliance with
1185:
appointed by the
Emperor, and senatorial provinces, which continued to be governed by senators who had previously served as consuls or praetors. Most of the provinces with a large military presence on the borders of the empire were Imperial provinces, but Macedonia was anomalous in being a senatorial
985:
all the way to the mouth of the Danube. These campaigns were intended to secure the northern border so that
Macedonia and Greece would no longer be threatened by raids and to put Rome in a better position to confront Mithridates VI in future conflicts. Efforts to consolidate these enormous conquests
1641:
The improvement of the living conditions of the productive classes brought about an increase in the number artisans and craftspeople to the region. Stonemasons, miners, blacksmiths, etc. were employed in every kind of commercial activity and craft. Greek people were also widely employed as tutors,
1637:
during 130s and 120s BC, the installation of Roman merchants in the cities, and the founding of Roman colonies. The
Imperial government brought, along with its roads and administrative system, an economic boom, which benefited both the Roman ruling class and the lower classes. With vast arable and
1431:
until the end of the second century AD, the league minted its own coinage, with the thunderbolt, a traditional symbol of
Macedon on the reverse. In the third century AD, the league continued to mint coinage, but with new types, relating to athletic competition. Through this institution, Macedonian
630:
in 197 BC. Surviving sources do not explicitly discuss how or why it was decided to convert the region into a permanent province. A number of factors may have been involved, including increased familiarity with territorial expansion, the proven failure of the previous system to maintain the peace,
1252:
in general led to a decline in the military importance of
Macedonia to Rome, as the legions defending the northern border were henceforth based in Dalmatia, Moesia, and Thrace. Nevertheless, the province continued to provide a vital role in the transport of supplies from Italy to the northern and
795:
In the first years of the province two pretenders attempted to restore the
Macedonian kingdom. The first, Alexander, invaded from Thrace in 148 BC and was defeated by Metellus. The second, referred to in the sources as 'Pseudo-Philip' or 'Pseudo-Perseus' also invaded from the east, in 143 or 142,
1067:
set themselves up in
Thessalonica as a Senate in exile and raised a further legion from veterans in Macedonia and Crete. At the beginning of 48 BC, Caesar crossed the Adriatic and besieged Pompey at Dyrrhachium. During this period, one Menedemos came to Caesar as a delegate from "the part of the
1015:, in which Caesoninus is accused of corruption, abuse, and murder of the provincials on a grand scale, as well as shaving sparked another invasion by the Dardianians and Bessi that even placed Thessaloniki under siege, but the speech may not give an accurate picture of Caesoninus' conduct.
758:, on the east bank of the Hebrus river. This stretch was completed by 120 BC; it followed a pre-existing route, but was a more solid, level road than the previous road, with a width of between three and six metres. A second road from the Adriatic coast at
830:
to regroup and drive the
Scordisci out, defeating a second invasion with the help of the Thracians. Following this set-back, a series of consuls were sent to Macedonia, apparently to settle the threat from the Scordisci decisively. The first of these,
1645:
The export economy was based essentially on agriculture and livestock, while iron, copper, and gold along with such products as timber, resin, pitch, hemp, flax, and fish were also exported. Another source of wealth was the kingdom's ports, such as
1419:," in which the years were counted from the Battle of Actium in 31/30 BC. In the Imperial period, its main duties related to the Imperial cult, especially the organisation of games in honour of the emperors. It also hosted a local version of the
421:, meaning that the province lost much of its military role in defending the Danube border, but it remained important for supply purposes and as a source of military manpower. Until AD 15 and again after AD 44, Macedonia was a
4077:
635:, and the desire for further tax revenue. The four republics continued to exist as subdivisions of the province, as did the federal league. The date of the establishment of the province in autumn 148 BC is indicated by the
1297:. Local inhabitants of these communities were not expelled, but they did not receive citizenship of the new colonies or of Rome, except perhaps for some members of the local elite. Some scholars have suggested that these
358:, which crossed the province from west to east was of great strategic importance, providing the main overland link between Rome and its domains in the Eastern Mediterranean. In this period, campaigns against the
1216:
was split off as a separate military command some time before 10 BC, and had become a separate province by AD 6. Territories to the northwest of
Macedonia in Illyricum were separated off into the provinces of
1364:"Eleutherios" ("of freedom") developed in Macedonia. This cult is first attested in 95 or possibly 119 BC, but probably dates back to the establishment of the province. It endured in the Imperial period. The
791:
group that largely supplanted the Dardanians as the most powerful group in the central Balkans. They first invaded Macedonia in 149 BC during the Fourth Macedonian War and had to be driven out by Metellus.
6131:
6126:
706:. Scholars disagree on whether or not Achaia was formally incorporated into the province of Macedonia following this defeat, but intermittent interventions in Achaian affairs by the governors are attested.
1391:
778:
to the northwest, had initially supported the Romans in their conquest of Macedonia, but after 148 BC, they increasingly came into conflict with the Romans. There were also occasional conflicts with the
1084:. On taking control of the province, Caesar separated it from Greece to the south for the first time. This division was reversed after his death in 44 BC, but would be revived in the Imperial period.
6176:
4606:
3860:
The geography is entirely correct for Servius' time, since Diocletian's rearrangement of provincial boundaries included the creation of the province of Epirus Nova out of southern Illyricum with
3806:
A new classical dictionary of Greek and Roman biography, mythology, and geography: partly based upon the Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology by Sir William Smith,1851, page 392
1626:(27 BC–14 AD) began a long period of peace, prosperity and wealth for Macedonia, although its importance in the economic standing of the Roman world diminished when compared to its neighbor,
463:, the province was split into several smaller units, but the old provincial capital, Thessalonica, became the regional centre for the Balkan region and was briefly an Imperial capital under
3849:
by R. Talbert, 1989, page 175: "... divided the diocese of Moesia into two, styled Thracia and Macedonia, the latter consisting of the provinces from Epirus Nova and Macedonia southward."
1107:
to hand the province over to Antony. Instead, he chose to place the province under Brutus' control - a move that was recognised by the Senate in 43 BC. This led Mark Antony to ally with
2812:
D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of the Roman province of Macedonia (The Department of Western Macedonia today) (in Greek), Thessaloniki 1989 (Society for Macedonian Studies).
762:, which joined the main Via Egnatia somewhere inland was added shortly after 120 BC. Later in the second century BC, the eastern end of the road was extended all the way to the
5739:
815:
launched an attack on the Scordisci in 135 BC, defeating them in Thrace. The delay may have been because Roman attention was focussed on the construction of the Via Egnatia.
4180:
Kremydi-Sicilianou, Sophia (2005). "'Belonging' to Rome, 'Remaining' Greek: Coinage and Identity in Roman Macedonia". In Howgego, C.; Heuchert, V.; Burnett, A. (eds.).
6181:
6171:
4599:
4303:
2167:
1174:
the triumvir, who led a campaign into the north that lasted until 27 BC, finally subjugating the whole region south of the Danube, for which he was granted a triumph.
1002:
891:
2831:
2805:
4097:
858:
conquered an area referred to as the "Caenic Chersonese" (exact location unknown, but some region of the Thracian coast). Another unnamed commander defeated the
854:
After this, the Romans turned their attention to the eastern border. The Romans defeated some Thracians under an unnamed commander in 104 BC. In 101 or 100 BC,
4563:
6186:
4592:
3552:
1459:
as the first order subdivision of the Roman Empire and provinces began to be split into smaller units. The province of Macedonia was initially part of the
933:
In the aftermath of the Mithridatic Wars, the Romans again launched a concerted military effort in the region. Before the war, governors had tended to be
766:. The road was important for military and economic purposes, providing the main overland link between Rome and its domains in the Eastern Mediterranean.
2028:
3772:
An introduction to Greek epigraphy of the Hellenistic and Roman periods from Alexander the Great down to the reign of Constantine (323 B.C.-A.D. 337)
5732:
2285:
1723:
808:
2104:
2344:
2041:
1684:
1167:
950:
615:
308:
2838:
D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of Eastern Macedonia during the Antiquity (in Greek), Thessaloniki 1976 (Society for Macedonian Studies).
4272:
4189:
4125:
4105:
2054:
958:
839:
launched a large-scale invasion, but he was defeated and nearly the whole army was killed. The Romans dispatched several further commanders,
599:
as its patron deities. Its coinage superseded that of the individual Thessalian cities and continued until the end of the first century BC.
4296:
6166:
6136:
5725:
2464:
2130:
1964:
851:
campaigned against the Scordisci and the Bessian tribe of Thracians to the east, bringing an end to their raids for about twenty years.
683:
claiming that "for the governors of Macedonia, the borders were always the same as those marked by swords and shields." The capital was
4066:
3985:
5112:
1856:
1468:
840:
6156:
5261:
4249:
4217:
4170:
4149:
3879:
3834:
3779:
2843:
2817:
2446:
2180:
2016:
4165:. Vol. 1. Athens: Research Centre for Greek and Roman Antiquity, National Hellenic Research Foundation; Diffusion de Boccard.
1618:
of Thasos from Roman-controlled Macedonia. It was minted between 148 and 80 BC. Obverse shows Dionysos and reverse shows Herakles.
1023:
6151:
1710:
823:
2154:
6191:
5686:
4937:
4289:
2067:
970:
883:
774:
Macedonia was of central importance to Roman military strategy in this period as a bulwark against attacks from the north. The
1138:, after which Macedonia and the rest of the Eastern Mediterranean came under Octavian's control, marking the beginning of the
233:
219:
205:
5005:
4929:
4918:
3981:
1830:
1131:
1088:
832:
2437:
4670:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
2829:
2803:
5072:
4706:
1869:
1475:
until 379, then from Thessaloniki). Meanwhile, the province of Macedonia was divided into a number of smaller provinces.
844:
1233:
made them both Senatorial provinces once more in AD 44 In the same year, the portion of Macedonia between the Hebrus and
444:. These communities were organised in a similar way to other cities of the Roman Empire and were largely self-governing.
5509:
4615:
4508:
2539:
4992:
4386:
3472:
2533:
1735:
1519:
1104:
804:
296:
171:
4113:
4052:
Unless otherwise stated, the names of the proconsular governors from 187 to 235 are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen,
2091:
631:
the desire for a new base from which further military expeditions could be undertaken in order to acquire booty and
6141:
2659:
2389:
468:
4584:
3794:
6105:
5189:
5131:
4942:
4416:
2623:
2617:
2521:
1222:
1218:
560:
418:
414:
488:
5529:
5514:
5338:
5067:
5014:
5010:
4972:
4904:
4725:
4553:
4543:
4426:
4391:
4371:
4351:
4135:
2398:
1817:
1116:
5333:
5280:
5217:
5057:
5047:
4876:
4846:
4498:
4483:
4421:
4336:
4326:
2422:
2404:
2365:
1748:
1242:
1199:
1195:
902:
529:
The Romans clashed with the Macedonian kingdom in three wars in the early third century BC. After defeating
2311:
1278:
6146:
5539:
4982:
4866:
4471:
4331:
4144:. Translated by Catherine Errington. Berkeley, Los Angeles, & Oxford: University of California Press.
2383:
2371:
2324:
2117:
1952:
1229:
to convert Macedonia and Achaia into imperial provinces, under the control of the governor of Moesia, but
1096:
987:
910:
679:. These borders were only loosely defined and dependent on the military competence of the governors, with
324:
1126:
After Philippi, Macedonia fell within the territories assigned to Mark Antony and it was governed by his
6161:
5554:
5323:
5136:
5062:
4655:
4366:
2603:
2502:
2377:
1917:
1882:
1456:
879:
875:
848:
607:
584:
516:
320:
121:
1056:
4977:
1181:
of 27 BC, provinces were divided into two categories: imperial provinces, which fell were governed by
1076:. However, this offer had come too late to be of use to Pompey. Caesar decisively defeated him at the
812:
800:
62:
5913:
5692:
5209:
4861:
4693:
4663:
4503:
4396:
2765:
2298:
2272:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1464:
534:
472:
312:
304:
184:
1638:
rich pastures, the great ruling families amassed huge fortunes in the society based on slave labor.
5698:
5653:
5471:
5461:
5123:
4952:
4899:
4894:
4667:
4401:
4376:
2608:
2353:
1977:
1561:
1424:
1412:
1396:
1368:
was introduced under Augustus, with numismatic and epigraphic evidence attesting to the worship of
1365:
1191:
1159:
1077:
1028:
870:
in 89 BC, only achieving victory after a struggle. From 87 BC onwards, Thracian forces allied with
863:
847:
in 112, who inflicted defeats on the Thracians and the Scordisci respectively. From 110 to 107 BC,
827:
759:
422:
382:
370:
to the east were nearly constant. By the first century BC, the province notionally extended to the
212:
1035:
5800:
5549:
5524:
5431:
5406:
5295:
5179:
5029:
4841:
4638:
4488:
4446:
4441:
3913:
2775:
1843:
1523:
1120:
1112:
1040:
836:
530:
453:
390:
386:
4036:
1011:
537:, Rome abolished the Macedonian monarchy and divided Macedon into four client republics, called
4281:
4035:
Unless otherwise stated, the names of the proconsular governors from 139 to 180 are taken from
3179:
P. Vladimir (2006). "Pre-roman and Roman Dardania historical and geographical considerations".
990:
in the north ca. 62-61 BC, in which he was defeated disastrously by the Dardianians and at the
6099:
5961:
5676:
5383:
5373:
5368:
5272:
5242:
5039:
4889:
4780:
4770:
4745:
4740:
4573:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
4533:
4528:
4456:
4451:
4268:
4245:
4213:
4185:
4166:
4145:
4121:
4101:
4016:
Unless otherwise stated, the names of the proconsular governors from 69 to 139 are taken from
3875:
3830:
3775:
3603:
2869:
2839:
2813:
2554:
2206:
1610:
1579:
1549:
1460:
1248:
The establishment of new provinces to the north and the consolidation of Roman control in the
1047:
Macedonia was one of the main arenas of the civil wars at the end of the Roman Republic. When
991:
954:
867:
866:
was defeated by the Maedi in 92 BC and was involved in a conflict with a Thracian king called
652:
627:
623:
588:
336:
293:
5882:
5749:
5612:
5607:
5564:
5519:
5426:
5171:
5161:
5151:
5099:
4836:
4828:
4461:
4431:
4022:
4003:, "Über die prätorischen Prokonsulate in der Kaiserzeit. Eine quellenkritische Überlegung",
3905:
2641:
2359:
2246:
1599:
1575:
1135:
965:. He campaigned from 75 to 74 BC, becoming the first Roman commander to lead an army to the
755:
751:
668:
592:
406:
378:
328:
401:
were established in Macedonia in this period. After the province came under the control of
6014:
5937:
5782:
5770:
5592:
5582:
5489:
5441:
5396:
5315:
5237:
5222:
5141:
4884:
4788:
4760:
4735:
4717:
4346:
3256:
2835:
2809:
2743:
2663:
2627:
2569:
2222:
1697:
1553:
1182:
1081:
926:
727:
703:
524:
316:
255:
198:
98:
1273:, established in the late 40s BC by the proconsul Quintus Hortensius Hortalus, Philippi (
2857:
6081:
5602:
5597:
5587:
5534:
5479:
5290:
5184:
5156:
5146:
5024:
4813:
4808:
4765:
4755:
4436:
4356:
4312:
2699:
2259:
1330:
1293:, and Dyrrhachium. These communities were settled with veterans who became or remained
1134:
broke out between Octavian and Antony in 32 BC and Antony was defeated in 31 BC at the
1073:
871:
695:
676:
564:
460:
347:
300:
285:
275:
226:
45:
4054:
Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (180-235 n. Chr.)
4020:, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139",
3542:
467:. The provincial system gradually faded away, until it was replaced altogether by the
350:, the province was of great military significance, as the main bulwark protecting the
6120:
6087:
5925:
5484:
5436:
5401:
5391:
5300:
5000:
4803:
4798:
4750:
4730:
4659:
4643:
4381:
4361:
4341:
4199:
Papazoglou, F. (1979). "Quelques aspects de l'histoire de la province de Macédoine".
3547:
1452:
1420:
1369:
1294:
1048:
986:
continued for decades, often meeting with rebuffs, most notably the two campaigns of
632:
596:
445:
897:
6093:
5919:
5682:
5499:
5494:
5446:
5232:
5199:
5194:
5019:
4793:
4671:
4406:
2752:
2711:
2693:
2573:
2545:
1929:
1647:
1527:
1357:
1326:
1262:
1234:
1127:
1064:
962:
922:
855:
694:
Two years after the foundation of the new province, in 146 BC, Romans defeated the
684:
672:
576:
548:
507:
437:
433:
398:
289:
75:
49:
17:
4139:
914:
4160:
2794:
A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, By Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington, page 549
1492:, which was established by Diocletian, was the first province to be divided off.
1403:
The cities of Macedonia were arranged into the League of the Macedonians (Greek:
1063:
abandoned Italy and retreated to Macedonia with five legions. Around two hundred
886:. In 84 BC a force of Scordisci, Dardianians and Maedi penetrated all the way to
835:
arrived in 115 BC but his activities are not attested. In 114 BC, his successor,
452:
was used for official purposes and in the Roman colonies. There were substantial
323:. The province incorporated the former Kingdom of Macedonia with the addition of
5955:
5705:
5577:
5544:
5456:
5411:
5285:
5227:
4548:
4477:
4411:
3964:
3624:
2677:
1651:
1634:
1615:
1480:
1436:
1187:
1100:
739:
731:
699:
492:
394:
355:
5717:
4678:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
1150:
714:
5907:
5889:
5572:
5416:
4818:
4647:
4574:
4017:
4000:
3929:
3861:
3255:
This event is known from an inscription erected in honour of Marcus Annius at
2727:
2210:
1627:
1509:
1493:
1448:
1322:
1317:
1270:
1139:
938:
735:
636:
568:
544:
500:
351:
3815:
3556:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 643–644.
2873:
5967:
5358:
5247:
4856:
4851:
4466:
3616:
2647:
2496:
2193:
1761:
1598:. With the permanent division of the Empire in 395, Macedonia passed to the
1541:
1497:
1311:
existing side-by-side. This now seems unlikely, but has not been disproven.
1069:
995:
978:
946:
906:
784:
780:
763:
747:
688:
619:
603:
556:
512:
471:
in the mid-seventh century AD, but the region continued to form part of the
426:
367:
363:
4227:
Papazoglou, F. (1998). "Le koinon Macédonien et la province de Macédoine".
1253:
eastern borders of the Empire, as well as serving as a source of manpower.
639:
of the provincial era, but in practice it may have been a gradual process.
4162:
Macedonian Institutions Under the Kings: a Historical and Epigraphic Study
1198:. This province included the territory which would become the province of
783:
to the east. However, the key enemy of the Romans in this period were the
436:, Macedonia was a prosperous region with several thriving cities, notably
6045:
6020:
5943:
5901:
5451:
5421:
5343:
5052:
4967:
4675:
4267:. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251–275.
2705:
2653:
2599:
2577:
1623:
1428:
1385:
1377:
1334:
1230:
1226:
1178:
1108:
918:
803:. The Scordisci invaded in 141 BC and defeated a Roman army commanded by
797:
743:
660:
580:
464:
441:
402:
263:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
2493:
C. Caerellius (Fufidius Annius Ravus) Pollittianus (between 222 and 235)
1411:. This league was a continuation of an institution first attested under
6063:
6002:
5996:
5990:
5973:
5949:
5872:
5866:
5848:
5830:
5824:
5764:
5648:
5504:
5363:
5305:
4962:
4957:
4947:
4523:
3598:
2770:
2009:
1545:
1505:
1472:
1467:(administered from Thessaloniki), one of three dioceses comprising the
1249:
1171:
1155:
1052:
934:
909:
habitation in the 3rd-2nd centuries BC and the Greek coastal cities of
775:
656:
648:
583:
had been separated from the Macedonian monarchy already, following the
359:
332:
259:
3917:
6075:
5931:
5895:
5860:
5818:
5788:
5776:
5658:
4538:
4518:
4513:
3467:
2681:
2612:
2584:
2528:
1568:
rivers, the former capital of Paeonia, became the provincial capital.
1565:
1408:
1342:
1290:
1238:
1213:
1207:
1186:
province despite its military significance. The territories south of
1092:
1060:
1006:
974:
966:
942:
887:
719:
680:
664:
538:
410:
371:
340:
251:
862:
Thracians in the east and the Dardanians in the northwest in 97 BC.
5704: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
3909:
3686:
3684:
754:
and continued through Macedonia to Thessalonica, and from there to
409:
in 30 BC, the northern sections were split off as the provinces of
6057:
6051:
6039:
6033:
5878:
5854:
5812:
5806:
5794:
5353:
5348:
5328:
2718:
2687:
2564:
1990:
1609:
1557:
1390:
1381:
1312:
1303:
1286:
1261:
The cities of the province had a range of different statuses. Six
1149:
982:
896:
859:
819:
788:
713:
611:
572:
552:
496:
449:
83:
5068:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
3582:
3580:
2620:(late 1st century BC), epigrammatic poet and governor of the city
1388:
and subsequent emperors are attested during their own lifetimes.
1225:. In AD 15, complaints about the corruption of the governors led
890:
and sacked the sanctuary, before they were violently expelled by
1432:
identity and loyalty to the Roman emperor were closely aligned.
1361:
1282:
1166:
Following Actium, Octavian entrusted Macedonia to the proconsul
973:
led another force of five legions against the Bessi and entered
969:
and reduced the Dardanians to submission. Between 73 and 71 BC,
5721:
5637:
5097:
4691:
4627:
4588:
4285:
818:
In 119 BC, the Scordisci invaded again, ravaging the area near
6069:
2737:
1633:
The economy was greatly stimulated by the construction of the
1582:
and was subdivided into Thessalia Prima and Thessalia Secunda.
1416:
826:
met the forces in battle and was killed, leaving his quaestor
307:. The province was created in 146 BC, after the Roman general
3659:
3657:
3655:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3541:
3523:
3521:
3410:
3408:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3191:
3189:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3094:
3092:
3042:
3040:
2626:(late 1st century AD), epigrammatic poet and compiler of the
941:, usually in office for a single year. Henceforth, they were
377:
Macedonia was a central theatre for several campaigns of the
279:
35:
3484:
3482:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3383:
3381:
3306:
3304:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3208:
3206:
3204:
1352:
In the Republican period a cult of "the Roman Benefactors" (
1301:
formed "double communities," with the old Greek city-state (
602:
The kingdom was briefly reunited in 150 BC by the pretender
67:
The province of Macedonia within the Roman Empire, circa 125
2905:
2903:
2470:(M. Ulipus ?) Tertullianus Aquila (212/213 or 213/214)
957:
in 77 BC, but was replaced after his death from illness by
4662:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
4026:, 12 (1982), pp. 281–362; 13 (1983), pp. 147–237
1594:
Empires in 379, the Macedonian provinces were included in
796:
with an army of up to 16,000 men, but was defeated by the
1586:
When the Prefecture of Macedonia was divided between the
456:
communities in the province by the mid-first century AD.
6132:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
6127:
States and territories established in the 2nd century BC
3774:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 174.
567:
was introduced at this time, being depicted on coins of
2858:"The Borders of Ancient Makedonia III: Roman Makedonia"
647:
At its creation, the province of Macedonia encompassed
667:
to the west. Notionally, the northern border ran from
6177:
7th-century disestablishments in the Byzantine Empire
4100:
Einzelschriften, vol. 251. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner,
3894:
Migrations and Invasions in Greece and Adjacent Areas
1552:. The province mostly coincides with the present-day
1522:, coinciding with most of the modern Greek region of
1399:
minted by the Macedonian League, early 3rd century AD
977:, bringing the Greek cities on the west coast of the
671:
on the Adriatic coast, due east until it reached the
4094:
Makedonien nach den Königen (168 v. Chr.–14 n. Chr.)
2483:
C(L.)? Valerius Rufrius Justus (between 220 and 230)
5982:
5840:
5756:
5563:
5470:
5382:
5314:
5271:
5260:
5208:
5170:
5122:
5111:
5038:
4991:
4928:
4917:
4875:
4827:
4779:
4716:
4705:
247:
118:
108:
94:
71:
32:
3757:
3726:
3702:
3690:
2921:
2431:Q. Gellius Sentius Augurinus (between 118 and 139)
1642:educators and doctors throughout the Roman world.
1540:("Second Macedonia"), partially encompassing both
1241:were handed over to the newly created province of
882:repulsed an invasion from the Mithridatic general
591:was created with Roman permission in 194 BC, with
563:. Numismatic evidence indicates that the cult of
4263:". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.).
981:under Roman control and campaigning against the
892:Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus (consul 83 BC)
120:• Remaining territory transformed into the
4116:. In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.).
4043:(Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), p. 265
4041:Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen
1384:are attested as well, while divine honours for
622:- the first new province since the creation of
3155:
1518:("First Macedonia"), encompassing most of the
1415:. From 27 BC, they used their own "Macedonian
1099:, also fled east. Caesar's former lieutenant,
559:, which were members of a federal league, the
5733:
5685:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
4600:
4297:
4120:. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 225–250.
3640:Wiseman, James (1979). "Corinth and Rome I".
2935:The Hellenistic World: Using Coins as Sources
1269:) were established in the Triumviral period:
8:
4184:. Oxford University Press. pp. 95–106.
4056:, (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben 1989), pp. 302-304
3971:(Oxford: University Press, 1939), p.330 n. 3
3892:Athanassakis, A.N. (1977), "N.G.L. Hammond,
2635:Antiphanes (late 1st century), epigrammatist
2476:T. Clodius Pupienus Pulcher Maximus (c. 223)
2458:Ti. Claudius Gordianus (between 187 and 192)
2416:M. Arruntius Claudianus (between 96 and 118)
5708:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
4182:Coinage and identity in the Roman Provinces
3952:
3675:
3663:
3586:
3571:
3527:
3500:
3414:
3335:
3243:
3224:
3195:
3167:
3143:
3131:
3119:
3098:
3071:
3046:
3007:
2995:
2959:
2894:
2656:(5th century), anthologist of Greek authors
292:, encompassing the territory of the former
5740:
5726:
5718:
5634:
5268:
5119:
5108:
5094:
4925:
4713:
4702:
4688:
4624:
4607:
4593:
4585:
4304:
4290:
4282:
4210:Les villes de Macédoine à l'époque romaine
3996:
3994:
3940:
3738:
3714:
3512:
3488:
3455:
3438:
3426:
3399:
3387:
3372:
3360:
3310:
3295:
3283:
3264:
3212:
3083:
3031:
3019:
2983:
2971:
2909:
2638:Parmenio (late 1st century), epigrammatist
1508:that was then "partly Hellenic and partly
1435:There was a separate civic league for the
949:and often held command for several years.
381:at the end of the Republic, including the
61:
29:
4642:. Provincial administration reformed and
3827:Handbook of Ancient Geography and History
2890:
1119:, defeating Brutus and his forces at the
495:of Perseus, minted between 179–172 BC at
475:until the end of the fourteenth century.
448:was the main language of the region, but
4616:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
3930:Macedonia – Province of the Roman Empire
2886:
2542:(died 386), Bishop, born in Thessalonica
1724:Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum
1666:
1463:, but subsequently became part of a new
1451:around AD 293 saw provinces replaced by
1034:
1022:
506:
487:
354:region from attacks from the north. The
6182:7th-century disestablishments in Europe
6172:2nd-century BC establishments in Greece
2948:Cult and Koinon in Hellenistic Thessaly
2787:
1536:("Wholesome Macedonia"), also known as
675:, which formed the eastern border with
70:
4078:www.phl.uoc.gr/eulimene/eulimene03.pdf
2598:Craterus of Amphipolis (c. 100-30 BC)
2438:Sextus Pedius Hirrutus Lucilius Pollio
1685:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus
1423:, and from AD 229, games in honour of
878:. In that year, Gaius Sentius' legate
811:. In belated response to this defeat,
616:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus
2742:] Lalus and Publicius Hermias of
2455:Cornelius Rufus (between 161 and 180)
1103:passed a law requiring the governor,
606:(or 'Pseudo-Philip'), leading to the
138:
134:
117:
107:
103:
89:
7:
4313:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
4212:. Paris: École Française d'Athènes.
2717:C. Iulius Nicetas of Lyke (Lyki) in
2428:Junius Rufinus (between 118 and 138)
2395:P. Tullius Varro (between 70 and 79)
1194:now became the separate province of
905:(Dobruja), showing the main area of
6187:Romanization of Southeastern Europe
4244:. Newton Abbot: David and Charles.
2551:Gaius, first Bishop of Thessalonica
2465:Marcus Antius Crescens Calpurnianus
2368:(with Achaea, between AD 31 and 37)
1668:Governors of Macedonia (148-30 BC)
1162:of Macedonia in southeastern Europe
1005:from 57 to 55 BC is the subject of
874:attacked Macedonia, as part of the
746:coast opposite the terminus of the
303:in 168 BC at the conclusion of the
3874:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,
3797:, 28 Nova Epirus or Illyris Graeca
1857:Gaius Caecilius Metellus Caprarius
1469:praetorian prefecture of Illyricum
1337:held the status of 'free cities' (
1275:Colonia Iulia Augusta Philippensis
841:Gaius Caecilius Metellus Caprarius
730:initiated the construction of the
702:and gained control of the rest of
299:, which had been conquered by the
25:
5833:(returns to beginning of journey)
2723:Aurelius Isidorus of Thessalonica
2611:of Pieria (c. 15 BC – c. AD 50),
2486:P. Julius Junianus Martialianus (
2447:Publius Julius Geminius Marcianus
2168:Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus
2017:Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus
1500:) was the capital. The region of
1003:Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus
618:made Macedonia into Rome's fifth
610:. After defeating Andriscus near
5048:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
4674:in c. 640–660, although in
4562:
4265:A companion to ancient Macedonia
4118:A Companion to Ancient Macedonia
4114:"Macedonia and Rome, 221–146 BC"
2662:(6th century), epigrammatist of
2650:, (2nd century), military writer
1736:Decimus Junius Silanus Manlianus
1091:in 44 BC, the assassins, led by
1080:in August 48 BC and he fled for
961:, who was given a force of five
805:Decimus Junius Silanus Manlianus
231:
217:
203:
189:
164:
4658:established after the death of
3816:Catholic Encyclopedia - Durazzo
2937:2016 ISBN 9781316091784, pp. 71
2490:Leontius) (between 222 and 235)
2068:Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus
1560:located to the junction of the
1427:. From the time of the emperor
1345:was probably an 'allied city' (
971:Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus
809:Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica
750:in Italy, stretched across the
5006:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
4930:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
4007:23/24 (1972/73), pp. 240f
1831:Quintus Fabius Maximus Eburnus
1237:in the east and the island of
1089:assassination of Julius Caesar
833:Quintus Fabius Maximus Eburnus
770:Northern and eastern campaigns
1:
5073:Tripolitania (Roman province)
4651:
3898:American Journal of Philology
2856:Melville-Jones, John (2021).
2452:qulinus (between 139 and 180)
1504:corresponded to a portion of
1277:) founded by Antony's legate
397:'s sphere. Several important
4112:Eckstein, Arthur M. (2010).
3864:(=Epidamnus) as its capital.
2540:Demophilus of Constantinople
2419:Octavius Antoninus (119/120)
1548:and containing the whole of
1395:Gold medallion in honour of
1158:(ruled 117–38), showing the
539:
5681: Re-established after
4993:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
4259:Vanderspoel, John (2010). "
4240:O'Sullivan, Firmin (1972).
4159:Hatzopoulos, M. B. (1996).
3770:McLean, Bradley H. (2002).
3540:Freese, John Henry (1911).
2534:Aristarchus of Thessalonica
2473:P. Aelius Coeranus (c. 224)
2443:P. Antius Orestes (164/165)
2413:Q. Annius Maximus (113/114)
2410:L. Cocceius Justus (c. 100)
2247:Quintus Hortensius Hortalus
2155:Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
1774:Tiberius (Latinius) Pandusa
1380:, cults of Augustus and of
1105:Quintus Hortensius Hortalus
543:, with capitals located at
172:Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
6208:
6167:Illyricum (Roman province)
6137:Macedonia (Roman province)
4065:Amphiareion — c. 80-50 BC
3847:Atlas of Classical History
2862:Macedonian Studies Journal
2726:Sextus Iulius Chariton of
2660:Macedonius of Thessalonica
2563:Onesimus, first bishop of
2548:, first bishop of Philippi
2390:Lucius Antonius Saturninus
2350:Marcus Primus (c.24/23 BC)
2029:Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella
1785:Publius Cornelius Lentulus
522:
309:Quintus Caecilius Metellus
280:
36:
5671:
5654:Quaestura exercitus (536)
5644:
5633:
5107:
5093:
4701:
4687:
4634:
4623:
4571:
4560:
4322:
4136:Errington, Robert Malcolm
3678:, pp. 252 & 269.
3170:, pp. 252 & 257.
2748:Aelius Nicolaus of Edessa
2624:Philippus of Thessalonica
2618:Antipater of Thessalonica
2522:Agape, Chionia, and Irene
2286:Lucius Marcius Censorinus
561:League of the Macedonians
143:
139:
135:
131:
104:
90:
60:
55:
44:
6157:Albania in the Roman era
5530:Palaestina III Salutaris
4726:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
4352:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
2461:Junius Rufinus (192/193)
2399:Lucius Baebius Honoratus
2207:Gnaeus Tremellius Scrofa
2105:Lucius Manlius Torquatus
1818:Gnaeus Cornelius Sisenna
1574:encompassed the area of
1376:following Actium. Under
1059:, his opponents, led by
953:had some success in the
6152:Greece under Roman rule
5697: Placed under the
5058:Mauretania Caesariensis
4877:Diocese of the Britains
4499:Mauretania Caesariensis
4208:Papazoglou, F. (1988).
4092:Daubner, Frank (2018).
3795:The Loeb Editor's Notes
3758:Kremydi-Sicilianou 2005
3727:Kremydi-Sicilianou 2005
3703:Kremydi-Sicilianou 2005
3691:Kremydi-Sicilianou 2005
3553:Encyclopædia Britannica
2922:Kremydi-Sicilianou 2005
2560:Matrona of Thessalonica
2423:Lucius Varius Ambibulus
2405:Gaius Salvius Liberalis
2366:Publius Memmius Regulus
2345:Marcus Licinius Crassus
2042:Appius Claudius Pulcher
1749:Quintus Calpurnius Piso
1658:List of Roman governors
1154:The Roman empire under
951:Appius Claudius Pulcher
726:Sometime after 146 BC,
718:Ancient Via Egnatia in
399:Roman military colonies
315:, the last self-styled
6192:140s BC establishments
5540:Phoenice II Libanensis
5243:Macedonia II Salutaris
4656:praetorian prefectures
4618:(4th–7th centuries AD)
4472:Hispania Tarraconensis
4141:A History of Macedonia
2732:Servia of Thessalonica
2632:Archias, epigrammatist
2384:Marcus Vettius Bolanus
2372:Marcus Helvius Geminus
2325:Titus Statilius Taurus
2118:Gaius Antonius Hybrida
2080:Lucius Quinctius Rufus
2055:Gaius Scribonius Curio
1953:Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo
1619:
1457:praetorian prefectures
1400:
1163:
1044:
1032:
988:Gaius Antonius Hybrida
930:
723:
687:and the governor held
520:
504:
5262:Praetorian prefecture
5137:Noricum mediterraneum
5113:Praetorian prefecture
5063:Mauretania Sitifensis
4958:Picenum Suburbicarium
4919:Praetorian prefecture
4707:Praetorian prefecture
4654: 293. Permanent
4067:Epigraphical Database
2946:Graninger, D. (2011)
2503:Calliopius of Antioch
2378:Marcus Julius Romulus
2312:Quintus Paquius Rufus
2211:Marcus Nonius Sufenas
1957:between 104 and 93 BC
1918:Gaius Servilius Vatia
1883:Marcus Minucius Rufus
1613:
1394:
1279:Quintus Paquius Rufus
1153:
1038:
1026:
900:
880:Quintus Bruttius Sura
876:First Mithridatic War
849:Marcus Minucius Rufus
717:
608:Fourth Macedonian War
585:Second Macedonian War
517:Fourth Macedonian War
510:
491:
366:to the north and the
321:Fourth Macedonian War
122:Theme of Thessalonica
5693:Diocese of Illyricum
5687:Prefecture of Africa
5442:Galatia II Salutaris
5210:Diocese of Macedonia
5100:Eastern Roman Empire
4862:Mauretania Tingitana
4694:Western Roman Empire
4504:Mauretania Tingitana
4397:Corsica and Sardinia
4337:Africa proconsularis
3969:The Roman Revolution
2893:, pp. 216–217;
2766:Diocese of Macedonia
2299:Gaius Asinius Pollio
2273:Marcus Junius Brutus
2230:Quaestor propraetor
1965:Lucius Julius Caesar
1870:Marcus Livius Drusus
1711:Aulus Licinius Nerva
1520:Kingdom of Macedonia
1465:Diocese of Macedonia
1407:), with its seat at
1405:koinon ton Makedonon
1001:The governorship of
845:Marcus Livius Drusus
535:Third Macedonian War
473:Eastern Roman Empire
383:Battles of Pharsalus
313:Andriscus of Macedon
305:Third Macedonian War
297:Kingdom of Macedonia
185:Thessalonica (theme)
81:Thessalonica (Prima)
5699:Quaestura exercitus
5472:Diocese of the East
5462:Pontus Polemoniacus
5124:Diocese of Pannonia
4953:Lucania et Bruttium
4900:Maxima Caesariensis
4895:Flavia Caesariensis
4402:Crete and Cyrenaica
4377:Bithynia and Pontus
4261:Provincia Macedonia
3943:, pp. 310–311.
3760:, pp. 102–103.
3717:, pp. 307–308.
3589:, pp. 269–270.
3503:, pp. 267–268.
3402:, pp. 318–319.
3375:, pp. 308–309.
3298:, pp. 315–316.
3134:, pp. 265–266.
3034:, pp. 302–308.
2510:Notable individuals
2380:(between 54 and 68)
2354:Lucius Tarius Rufus
1669:
1534:Macedonia Salutaris
1471:(administered from
1425:Alexander the Great
1397:Alexander the Great
1366:Roman Imperial cult
1192:Ceraunian Mountains
1179:Augustan Settlement
1168:M. Licinius Crassus
1160:senatorial province
1078:Battle of Pharsalus
1055:in 49 BC, starting
959:C. Scribonius Curio
643:Republican province
595:('of Freedom') and
423:senatorial province
213:Dyrrhachium (theme)
110:• Established
18:Macedonia Salutaris
5801:Antioch of Pisidia
5550:Syria II Salutaris
5407:Armenian Satrapies
5180:Dacia Mediterranea
5102:(395–c. 640)
5030:Venetia et Histria
4938:Apulia et Calabria
4639:Notitia Dignitatum
4489:Lycia et Pamphylia
4467:Hispania Lusitania
4447:Gallia Narbonensis
4442:Gallia Lugdunensis
4203:. ii.7.1: 302–369.
2834:2017-04-24 at the
2808:2017-04-24 at the
2776:Macedonia (region)
2735:Pubicius [
2515:Saints and clerics
2332:Legatus proconsul
2319:Legatus proconsul
2306:Legatus proconsul
2293:Legatus proconsul
2201:Praetor proconsul
2188:Praetor proconsul
2138:Praetor proconsul
1985:Praetor proconsul
1972:Praetor proconsul
1947:Praetor proconsul
1912:Praetor proconsul
1901:Praetor proconsul
1890:Praetor proconsul
1864:Consul; Proconsul
1844:Gaius Porcius Cato
1838:Consul; Proconsul
1825:Praetor proconsul
1692:Praetor proconsul
1667:
1620:
1578:, in the south of
1484:("New Epirus") or
1401:
1354:Rhomaioi euergetai
1164:
1121:Battle of Philippi
1113:Second Triumvirate
1057:Caesar's Civil War
1045:
1033:
931:
837:Gaius Porcius Cato
724:
689:proconsular status
663:to the south, and
521:
505:
391:Second Triumvirate
79:in Late Antiquity:
56:146 BC–7th century
6142:Ancient Macedonia
6114:
6113:
5715:
5714:
5677:Septem Provinciae
5667:
5666:
5639:Other territories
5629:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5412:Armenia III (536)
5384:Diocese of Pontus
5374:Phrygia Salutaris
5369:Phrygia Pacatiana
5273:Diocese of Thrace
5256:
5255:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5040:Diocese of Africa
4913:
4912:
4781:Diocese of Vienne
4771:Maxima Sequanorum
4683:
4682:
4582:
4581:
4534:Pannonia Superior
4529:Pannonia Inferior
4457:Germania Superior
4452:Germania Inferior
4316:
4274:978-1-405-17936-2
4191:978-0-19-926526-8
4127:978-1-4051-7936-2
4106:978-3-515-12038-8
3705:, pp. 98–99.
2924:, pp. 97–98.
2897:, pp. 43–46.
2580:, martyred in 306
2555:Lydia of Thyatira
2336:
2335:
2181:Quintus Ancharius
2003:Lucius Hortensius
1728:142/1 or 141/0 BC
1596:Eastern Illyricum
1580:ancient Macedonia
1538:Macedonia Secunda
1461:Diocese of Moesia
1347:civitas foederata
1339:civitates liberae
992:Battle of Histria
955:Rhodope Mountains
807:or, less likely,
738:, which began at
624:Hispania Ulterior
589:Thessalian League
393:, it fell within
348:Republican period
317:King of Macedonia
269:
268:
243:
242:
239:
238:
177:
176:
16:(Redirected from
6199:
5883:Alexandria Troas
5750:Paul the Apostle
5742:
5735:
5728:
5719:
5691: Later the
5675: Later the
5635:
5613:Thebais Inferior
5608:Thebais Superior
5565:Diocese of Egypt
5555:Theodorias (528)
5417:Armenia IV (536)
5269:
5172:Diocese of Dacia
5162:Valeria ripensis
5120:
5109:
5095:
4978:Tuscia et Umbria
4926:
4829:Diocese of Spain
4714:
4703:
4689:
4653:
4636:As found in the
4625:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4586:
4566:
4462:Hispania Baetica
4432:Gallia Aquitania
4314:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4283:
4278:
4255:
4242:The Egnatian Way
4236:
4223:
4204:
4195:
4176:
4155:
4131:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4063:
4057:
4050:
4044:
4033:
4027:
4014:
4008:
3998:
3989:
3978:
3972:
3962:
3956:
3953:Vanderspoel 2010
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3889:
3883:
3872:
3866:
3858:Hendry, p. 299.
3856:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3829:by Ptz Wilhelm,
3824:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3679:
3676:Vanderspoel 2010
3673:
3667:
3664:Vanderspoel 2010
3661:
3650:
3649:
3637:
3631:
3621:Life of Claudius
3614:
3608:
3596:
3590:
3587:Vanderspoel 2010
3584:
3575:
3572:Vanderspoel 2010
3569:
3558:
3557:
3545:
3537:
3531:
3528:Vanderspoel 2010
3525:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3501:Vanderspoel 2010
3498:
3492:
3486:
3477:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3415:Vanderspoel 2010
3412:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3345:
3339:
3336:Vanderspoel 2010
3333:
3314:
3308:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3268:
3253:
3247:
3244:Vanderspoel 2010
3241:
3228:
3225:Vanderspoel 2010
3222:
3216:
3210:
3199:
3196:Vanderspoel 2010
3193:
3184:
3177:
3171:
3168:Vanderspoel 2010
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3144:Vanderspoel 2010
3141:
3135:
3132:Vanderspoel 2010
3129:
3123:
3120:Vanderspoel 2010
3117:
3102:
3099:Vanderspoel 2010
3096:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3072:Vanderspoel 2010
3069:
3063:
3056:
3050:
3047:Vanderspoel 2010
3044:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3008:Vanderspoel 2010
3005:
2999:
2996:Vanderspoel 2010
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2960:Vanderspoel 2010
2957:
2951:
2944:
2938:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2898:
2895:Hatzopoulos 1996
2884:
2878:
2877:
2853:
2847:
2827:
2821:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2642:Criton of Pieria
2604:Amphiarian games
2434:ius ugi (c. 138)
2360:Publius Vinicius
2143:Lucius Culleolus
1762:Marcus Cosconius
1670:
1576:ancient Thessaly
1206:) under Emperor
1136:Battle of Actium
1117:invade Macedonia
1043:campaign, 42 BC.
1031:campaign, 48 BC.
813:Marcus Cosconius
801:Tremellus Scrofa
752:Pindus mountains
593:Zeus Eleutherius
579:in this period.
542:
425:, governed by a
407:Battle of Actium
283:
282:
235:
234:
221:
220:
207:
206:
193:
192:
181:
180:
168:
167:
161:
160:
145:
144:
65:
39:
38:
30:
21:
6207:
6206:
6202:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6110:
5978:
5836:
5752:
5746:
5716:
5711:
5663:
5640:
5617:
5593:Augustamnica II
5559:
5466:
5378:
5316:Diocese of Asia
5310:
5263:
5252:
5238:Macedonia Prima
5204:
5166:
5142:Noricum ripense
5114:
5103:
5077:
5034:
4987:
4920:
4909:
4871:
4823:
4789:Alpes Maritimae
4775:
4761:Lugdunensis III
4718:Diocese of Gaul
4708:
4697:
4696:(395–476)
4679:
4646:established by
4630:
4619:
4613:
4583:
4578:
4567:
4558:
4519:Moesia Superior
4514:Moesia Inferior
4347:Alpes Maritimae
4318:
4310:
4275:
4258:
4252:
4239:
4226:
4220:
4207:
4198:
4192:
4179:
4173:
4158:
4152:
4134:
4128:
4111:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4076:
4072:
4064:
4060:
4051:
4047:
4034:
4030:
4015:
4011:
3999:
3992:
3979:
3975:
3963:
3959:
3951:
3947:
3941:Papazoglou 1979
3939:
3935:
3928:
3924:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3873:
3869:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3841:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3810:
3805:
3801:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3756:
3745:
3739:Papazoglou 1998
3737:
3733:
3725:
3721:
3715:Papazoglou 1979
3713:
3709:
3701:
3697:
3689:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3662:
3653:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3615:
3611:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3578:
3570:
3561:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3526:
3519:
3513:Papazoglou 1979
3511:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3489:Papazoglou 1979
3487:
3480:
3466:
3462:
3456:Papazoglou 1979
3454:
3445:
3439:Papazoglou 1979
3437:
3433:
3427:Papazoglou 1979
3425:
3421:
3413:
3406:
3400:Papazoglou 1979
3398:
3394:
3388:Papazoglou 1979
3386:
3379:
3373:Papazoglou 1979
3371:
3367:
3361:Papazoglou 1979
3359:
3355:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3317:
3311:Papazoglou 1979
3309:
3302:
3296:Papazoglou 1979
3294:
3290:
3284:Papazoglou 1979
3282:
3271:
3265:Papazoglou 1979
3254:
3250:
3242:
3231:
3223:
3219:
3213:Papazoglou 1979
3211:
3202:
3194:
3187:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3156:O'Sullivan 1972
3154:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3105:
3097:
3090:
3084:Papazoglou 1979
3082:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3057:
3053:
3045:
3038:
3032:Papazoglou 1979
3030:
3026:
3020:Papazoglou 1979
3018:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2984:Papazoglou 1979
2982:
2978:
2972:Papazoglou 1979
2970:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2941:
2932:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2910:Papazoglou 1979
2908:
2901:
2889:, p. 245;
2885:
2881:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2836:Wayback Machine
2828:
2824:
2810:Wayback Machine
2802:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2762:
2757:
2673:
2668:
2664:Greek Anthology
2628:Greek Anthology
2594:
2589:
2576:of the city of
2570:Saint Demetrius
2517:
2512:
2341:
2235:Decimus Laclius
2223:Titus Antistius
2194:Gaius Cosconius
1941:Lucius Aurelius
1895:Gaius Billienus
1795:Sextus Pompeius
1698:Gnaeus Egnatius
1665:
1660:
1608:
1554:North Macedonia
1530:as its capital.
1516:Macedonia Prima
1447:The reforms of
1445:
1259:
1148:
1021:
824:Sextus Pompeius
772:
728:Gnaeus Egnatius
712:
704:Mainland Greece
645:
587:and a separate
527:
525:Macedonian Wars
511:Coin issued by
486:
484:Macedonian Wars
481:
434:Imperial period
432:Throughout the
331:, and parts of
262:
258:
256:North Macedonia
254:
232:
218:
204:
199:Strymon (theme)
190:
165:
124:
111:
82:
80:
78:
66:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6205:
6203:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6119:
6118:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6102:
6096:
6090:
6084:
6078:
6072:
6066:
6060:
6054:
6048:
6042:
6036:
6030:
6023:
6017:
6011:
6005:
5999:
5993:
5986:
5984:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5970:
5964:
5958:
5952:
5946:
5940:
5934:
5928:
5922:
5916:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5892:
5886:
5875:
5869:
5863:
5857:
5851:
5844:
5842:
5841:Second journey
5838:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5827:
5821:
5815:
5809:
5803:
5797:
5791:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5767:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5753:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5737:
5730:
5722:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5689:
5679:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5603:Libya Inferior
5600:
5598:Libya Superior
5595:
5590:
5588:Augustamnica I
5585:
5580:
5575:
5569:
5567:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5476:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5344:Lycaonia (370)
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5320:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5277:
5275:
5266:
5258:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5214:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5185:Dacia Ripensis
5182:
5176:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5117:
5105:
5104:
5098:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5008:
5003:
4997:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4934:
4932:
4923:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4847:Carthaginensis
4844:
4839:
4833:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4814:Novempopulania
4811:
4809:Narbonensis II
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4785:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4766:Lugdunensis IV
4763:
4758:
4756:Lugdunensis II
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4711:
4699:
4698:
4692:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4621:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4589:
4580:
4579:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4437:Gallia Belgica
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4357:Arabia Petraea
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4256:
4250:
4237:
4224:
4218:
4205:
4196:
4190:
4177:
4171:
4156:
4150:
4132:
4126:
4109:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4070:
4058:
4045:
4028:
4009:
3990:
3988:= ILS 975
3973:
3957:
3945:
3933:
3922:
3910:10.2307/293653
3884:
3867:
3851:
3839:
3819:
3808:
3799:
3787:
3780:
3762:
3743:
3731:
3719:
3707:
3695:
3680:
3668:
3666:, p. 270.
3651:
3632:
3609:
3591:
3576:
3574:, p. 269.
3559:
3548:Chisholm, Hugh
3543:"Moesia"
3532:
3530:, p. 268.
3517:
3515:, p. 223.
3505:
3493:
3491:, p. 322.
3478:
3460:
3458:, p. 321.
3443:
3441:, p. 320.
3431:
3429:, p. 319.
3419:
3417:, p. 264.
3404:
3392:
3390:, p. 318.
3377:
3365:
3363:, p. 317.
3353:
3349:Life of Sulla,
3340:
3338:, p. 263.
3315:
3313:, p. 316.
3300:
3288:
3286:, p. 313.
3269:
3248:
3246:, p. 261.
3229:
3227:, p. 260.
3217:
3215:, p. 312.
3200:
3198:, p. 257.
3185:
3172:
3160:
3148:
3146:, p. 266.
3136:
3124:
3122:, p. 262.
3103:
3101:, p. 265.
3088:
3086:, p. 311.
3076:
3074:, p. 256.
3064:
3060:Contra Pisonem
3051:
3049:, p. 259.
3036:
3024:
3022:, p. 306.
3012:
3010:, p. 255.
3000:
2998:, p. 258.
2988:
2986:, p. 304.
2976:
2974:, p. 303.
2964:
2962:, p. 252.
2952:
2939:
2926:
2914:
2912:, p. 305.
2899:
2891:Errington 1990
2879:
2848:
2822:
2796:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2715:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2621:
2615:
2606:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2260:Gaius Antonius
2256:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2131:Gaius Octavius
2127:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:before 100 BC?
1920:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1607:
1604:
1600:Eastern Empire
1584:
1583:
1569:
1556:. The town of
1531:
1513:
1490:Illyris proper
1486:Illyria Graeca
1444:
1443:Late Antiquity
1441:
1307:) and the new
1295:Roman citizens
1263:Roman colonies
1258:
1255:
1170:, grandson of
1147:
1144:
1072:, the king of
1020:
1017:
872:Mithridates VI
843:in 113 BC and
822:. The praetor
771:
768:
711:
708:
696:Achaean League
644:
641:
523:Main article:
485:
482:
480:
477:
461:late antiquity
405:following the
301:Roman Republic
267:
266:
249:
245:
244:
241:
240:
237:
236:
229:
227:Hellas (theme)
223:
222:
215:
209:
208:
201:
195:
194:
187:
178:
175:
174:
169:
157:
156:
151:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:
125:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
101:
96:
95:Historical era
92:
91:
88:
87:
73:
69:
68:
58:
57:
53:
52:
42:
41:
34:
27:Roman province
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6204:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6147:Roman Balkans
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6107:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6083:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6065:
6061:
6059:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5992:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5983:Third journey
5981:
5975:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5945:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5903:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5874:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5832:
5828:
5826:
5822:
5820:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5784:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5772:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5757:First journey
5755:
5751:
5743:
5738:
5736:
5731:
5729:
5724:
5723:
5720:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5678:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5636:
5632:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5525:Palaestina II
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5432:Cappadocia II
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5402:Armenia Maior
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5259:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5110:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5092:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
5001:Alpes Cottiae
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4868:
4867:Tarraconensis
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4804:Narbonensis I
4802:
4800:
4799:Aquitanica II
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4751:Lugdunensis I
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4704:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4686:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4660:Constantine I
4657:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4622:
4617:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4598:
4596:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4576:
4570:
4565:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4342:Alpes Cottiae
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4295:
4293:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4276:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4257:
4253:
4251:9780715356760
4247:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4219:2-86958-014-2
4215:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4172:960-7094-90-5
4168:
4164:
4163:
4157:
4153:
4151:0-520-06319-8
4147:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4079:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3949:
3946:
3942:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3880:0-631-19807-5
3877:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3835:1-113-19974-1
3832:
3828:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3812:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3788:
3783:
3781:9780472112388
3777:
3773:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3732:
3729:, p. 98.
3728:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3696:
3693:, p. 99.
3692:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3628:Roman History
3626:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3473:Bellum Civile
3469:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3267:, p. 312
3266:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2887:Eckstein 2010
2883:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2844:960-7265-16-5
2841:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2818:960-7265-01-7
2815:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2710:Theodorus of
2709:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2698:Anthemius of
2697:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2686:Alexander of
2685:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2557:, 1st century
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2536:, 1st century
2535:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:Gaius Sentius
1976:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:after 104 BC?
1908:
1906:Gaius Clivius
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:after 106 BC?
1897:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1806:Marcus Annius
1805:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1753:138 or 137 BC
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1715:143 or 142 BC
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1622:The reign of
1617:
1612:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:Olympic games
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:Julius Caesar
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:Nestus rivers
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:Julius Caesar
1042:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
989:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
928:
924:
923:Dionysoupolis
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
903:Scythia Minor
899:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
864:Gaius Sentius
861:
857:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
829:
828:Marcus Annius
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
799:
793:
790:
786:
782:
777:
769:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
721:
716:
709:
707:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
655:and parts of
654:
650:
642:
640:
638:
634:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
598:
597:Athena Itonia
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
536:
532:
526:
519:(149–148 BC).
518:
514:
509:
502:
498:
494:
490:
483:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
389:. During the
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
295:
291:
287:
277:
273:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
248:Today part of
246:
230:
228:
225:
224:
216:
214:
211:
210:
202:
200:
197:
196:
188:
186:
183:
182:
179:
173:
170:
163:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
150:
147:
146:
142:
130:
126:
123:
113:
100:
97:
93:
85:
77:
74:
64:
59:
54:
51:
47:
43:
31:
19:
6162:Roman Epirus
6026:
6008:
5920:Thessalonica
5748:Journeys of
5659:Spania (552)
5520:Palaestina I
5500:Euphratensis
5447:Helenopontus
5427:Cappadocia I
5334:Hellespontus
5233:Epirus Vetus
5200:Praevalitana
5115:of Illyricum
4905:Valentia (?)
4890:Britannia II
4794:Aquitanica I
4672:theme system
4637:
4493:
4476:
4264:
4260:
4241:
4232:
4228:
4209:
4200:
4181:
4161:
4140:
4117:
4093:
4087:Bibliography
4073:
4061:
4053:
4048:
4040:
4037:Géza Alföldy
4031:
4021:
4012:
4004:
3980:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3948:
3936:
3925:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3870:
3859:
3854:
3846:
3842:
3826:
3822:
3811:
3802:
3790:
3771:
3765:
3734:
3722:
3710:
3698:
3671:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3627:
3620:
3612:
3602:
3594:
3551:
3535:
3508:
3496:
3471:
3463:
3434:
3422:
3395:
3368:
3356:
3348:
3343:
3291:
3260:
3251:
3220:
3180:
3175:
3163:
3151:
3139:
3127:
3079:
3067:
3059:
3054:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2967:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2934:
2929:
2917:
2882:
2865:
2861:
2851:
2825:
2799:
2790:
2736:
2712:Kato Kleines
2694:Thessalonica
2574:patron saint
2546:Epaphroditus
2527:Agathopous,
2487:
2480:
2198:ca. 53-51 BC
1930:Titus Didius
1648:Thessalonica
1644:
1640:
1632:
1621:
1585:
1571:
1537:
1533:
1528:Thessalonica
1515:
1501:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1446:
1434:
1404:
1402:
1374:Divus Julius
1373:
1358:goddess Roma
1353:
1351:
1346:
1338:
1327:Thessalonica
1316:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1274:
1266:
1260:
1257:Organisation
1247:
1212:
1204:Epirus Vetus
1203:
1176:
1165:
1125:
1086:
1051:crossed the
1046:
1010:
1000:
932:
856:Titus Didius
853:
817:
794:
773:
725:
693:
685:Thessalonica
673:Hebrus river
646:
601:
577:Thessalonica
549:Thessalonica
528:
469:theme system
458:
438:Thessalonica
431:
376:
345:
290:ancient Rome
271:
270:
154:Succeeded by
153:
148:
76:Thessalonica
50:Roman Empire
5706:Justinian I
5578:Aegyptus II
5510:Mesopotamia
5457:Paphlagonia
5286:Haemimontus
5264:of the East
5228:Epirus Nova
5152:Pannonia II
4885:Britannia I
4746:Germania II
4577:'s reforms.
4509:Mesopotamia
3965:Ronald Syme
3896:(review)",
3625:Cassius Dio
3183:(37): 7–23.
2933:Thonemann,
2678:Athryilatus
2644:, historian
2583:Theodulus,
2401:(before 83)
2386:(before 66)
2374:(before 54)
2316:ca. 30s BC?
1652:Cassandreia
1635:Via Egnatia
1616:tetradrachm
1502:Epirus Nova
1481:Epirus Nova
1437:Thessalians
1188:Thermopylae
1101:Mark Antony
1039:Map of the
1027:Map of the
939:propraetors
740:Dyrrhachium
732:Via Egnatia
710:Via Egnatia
700:Achaean War
614:in 148 BC,
515:during the
493:Tetradrachm
395:Marc Antony
356:Via Egnatia
346:During the
149:Preceded by
127:7th century
86:(Salutaris)
6121:Categories
5908:Amphipolis
5890:Samothrace
5683:reconquest
5573:Aegyptus I
5535:Phoenice I
5490:Cilicia II
5397:Armenia II
5147:Pannonia I
4819:Viennensis
4741:Germania I
4736:Belgica II
4676:Asia Minor
4648:Diocletian
4575:Diocletian
4387:Cappadocia
4018:Werner Eck
4001:Werner Eck
3882:, Page 210
3862:Dyrrachium
3347:Plutarch,
2782:References
2728:Amphipolis
2692:Damian of
2671:Physicians
2602:winner in
2524:(died 304)
2356:(18-16 BC)
2347:(31-27 BC)
2280:Proconsul
2267:Proconsul
2254:Proconsul
2175:Proconsul
2149:Proconsul
2125:Proconsul
2112:Proconsul
2086:Proconsul
2075:Proconsul
2062:Proconsul
2049:Proconsul
2036:Proconsul
1998:Proconsul
1944:ca. 100 BC
1934:101-100 BC
1887:110-106 BC
1874:112-111 BC
1861:113-112 BC
1835:116-114 BC
1766:135-133 BC
1705:Proconsul
1702:ca. 145 BC
1689:148-146 BC
1663:Republican
1628:Asia Minor
1526:, and had
1510:Hellenized
1494:Dyrrachium
1449:Diocletian
1323:Amphipolis
1318:municipium
1271:Cassandrea
1146:Principate
1140:Principate
1123:in 42 BC.
1087:After the
1019:Civil wars
1012:In Pisonem
947:proconsuls
736:Roman road
722:(Neapolis)
637:epoch date
569:Amphipolis
545:Amphipolis
501:Amphipolis
379:civil wars
6106:Jerusalem
6094:Ptolemais
6027:Macedonia
6021:Cenchreae
6009:Macedonia
5968:Jerusalem
5944:Cenchreae
5914:Apollonia
5485:Cilicia I
5437:Galatia I
5392:Armenia I
5359:Pamphylia
5291:Moesia II
5248:Thessalia
5025:Raetia II
4857:Lusitania
4852:Gallaecia
4842:Balearica
4731:Belgica I
4494:Macedonia
4382:Britannia
3986:III, 6074
3904:: 263–6,
3648:(1): 503.
3617:Suetonius
3181:Balcanica
2950:. Leiden.
2874:2204-3128
2751:Aptus of
2714:, Florina
2648:Polyaenus
2497:Dulcitius
2479:Q ?
2425:(124/125)
2329:31-30 BC?
2083:68-67 BC?
1812:Quaestor
1572:Thessalia
1562:Crna Reka
1542:Pelagonia
1524:Macedonia
1498:Epidamnus
1070:Burebista
1029:Pharsalus
996:Bastarnae
979:Black Sea
884:Archelaus
785:Scordisci
781:Thracians
764:Byzantium
760:Apollonia
748:Via Appia
620:provincia
604:Andriscus
557:Pelagonia
513:Andriscus
454:Christian
427:proconsul
368:Thracians
364:Scordisci
311:defeated
294:Antigonid
281:Μακεδονία
272:Macedonia
99:Antiquity
37:Μακεδονία
33:Macedonia
6100:Caesarea
6046:Mytilene
5962:Caesarea
5902:Philippi
5896:Neapolis
5771:Seleucia
5452:Honorias
5422:Bithynia
5195:Moesia I
5190:Dardania
5132:Dalmatia
5053:Byzacena
5020:Raetia I
4968:Sardinia
4943:Campania
4921:of Italy
4644:dioceses
4417:Dalmatia
4332:Aegyptus
4315:(117 AD)
4235:: 133–9.
4138:(1990).
4098:Historia
4005:Zephyrus
2832:Archived
2806:Archived
2760:See also
2706:Philippi
2704:Paul of
2654:Stobaeus
2613:fabulist
2609:Phaedrus
2600:Rhapsode
2578:Salonika
2499:(c. 300)
2467:(c. 200)
2449:(c. 166)
2440:(c. 148)
2362:(AD 2/3)
2339:Imperial
2303:40-39 BC
2290:42-40 BC
2277:43-42 BC
2251:44-42 BC
2241:Legatus
2238:45-44 BC
2215:51-50 BC
2185:55-54 BC
2172:57—55 BC
2162:Praetor
2146:59/58 BC
2135:60-59 BC
2122:62-60 BC
2109:64-63 BC
2099:Praetor
2096:67-66 BC
2072:72-71 BC
2059:75—72 BC
2046:78—76 BC
2033:80—78 BC
2021:85-84 BC
1995:86-84 BC
1982:93—87 BC
1801:Praetor
1780:Praetor
1769:Praetor
1756:Praetor
1743:Praetor
1718:Praetor
1673:Governor
1624:Augustus
1546:Dardania
1453:dioceses
1429:Claudius
1413:Philip V
1386:Caligula
1378:Tiberius
1335:Maroneia
1299:coloniae
1267:coloniae
1231:Claudius
1227:Tiberius
1223:Pannonia
1219:Dalmatia
1190:and the
1109:Octavian
1065:Senators
1041:Philippi
935:praetors
919:Callatis
907:Scythian
868:Sordinus
798:quaestor
744:Adriatic
661:Thessaly
651:itself,
633:triumphs
628:Citerior
581:Thessaly
465:Licinius
442:Philippi
419:Pannonia
415:Dalmatia
403:Augustus
387:Philippi
329:Thessaly
286:province
284:) was a
264:Bulgaria
46:Province
6064:Miletus
6029:(again)
6015:Corinth
6003:Ephesus
5997:Phrygia
5991:Galatia
5974:Antioch
5950:Ephesus
5938:Corinth
5873:Galatia
5867:Phrygia
5849:Cilicia
5831:Antioch
5825:Attalea
5807:Iconium
5783:Salamis
5765:Antioch
5649:Taurica
5583:Arcadia
5545:Syria I
5515:Osroene
5505:Isauria
5364:Pisidia
5339:Islands
5306:Thracia
5301:Scythia
5296:Rhodope
5015:Aemilia
5011:Liguria
4983:Valeria
4973:Sicilia
4963:Samnium
4948:Corsica
4837:Baetica
4709:of Gaul
4664:Ravenna
4629:History
4554:Thracia
4544:Sicilia
4524:Noricum
4427:Galatia
4392:Cilicia
4372:Assyria
4362:Armenia
4229:Thracia
3630:60.24.1
3604:Annales
3599:Tacitus
3550:(ed.).
3263:. 700;
2771:Macedon
2592:Writers
2407:(84/85)
2392:(76/77)
2092:Rubrius
2010:Legatus
1877:Consul
1851:Consul
1606:Economy
1592:Eastern
1588:Western
1550:Paeonia
1506:Illyria
1473:Sirmium
1356:), the
1341:), and
1309:colonia
1250:Balkans
1202:(later
1183:legates
1177:In the
1172:Crassus
1156:Hadrian
1128:legates
1111:in the
1097:Cassius
1053:Rubicon
994:by the
963:legions
943:consuls
927:Odessus
901:Map of
860:Maedian
776:Dardani
756:Cypsela
742:on the
698:in the
657:Illyria
653:Paeonia
649:Macedon
540:merides
533:in the
531:Perseus
479:History
360:Dardani
337:Paeonia
333:Illyria
319:in the
260:Albania
72:Capital
48:of the
6082:Patara
6076:Rhodes
5932:Athens
5926:Beroea
5861:Lystra
5819:Lystra
5789:Paphos
5777:Cyprus
5701:in 536
5495:Cyprus
5480:Arabia
5281:Europa
5218:Achaea
4668:Africa
4539:Raetia
4484:Iudaea
4478:Italia
4422:Epirus
4407:Cyprus
4327:Achaia
4271:
4248:
4216:
4188:
4169:
4148:
4124:
4104:
4023:Chiron
3918:293653
3916:
3878:
3837:, 734.
3833:
3778:
3623:25.3,
3607:1.76.4
3468:Caesar
2872:
2842:
2816:
2744:Beroea
2700:Edessa
2682:Thasos
2585:Lector
2565:Beroea
2529:deacon
1848:114 BC
1822:118 BC
1809:119 BC
1798:119 BC
1788:128 BC
1777:129 BC
1740:141 BC
1679:Title
1566:Vardar
1409:Beroea
1360:, and
1343:Edessa
1333:, and
1331:Abdera
1315:was a
1291:Byllis
1243:Thrace
1239:Thasos
1214:Moesia
1208:Trajan
1200:Epirus
1196:Achaia
1130:until
1093:Brutus
1061:Pompey
1007:Cicero
975:Moesia
967:Danube
925:, and
911:Istros
888:Delphi
789:Celtic
720:Kavala
681:Cicero
677:Thrace
669:Lissus
665:Epirus
575:, and
555:, and
411:Moesia
372:Danube
352:Aegean
341:Thrace
325:Epirus
252:Greece
114:146 BC
6058:Samos
6052:Chios
6040:Assos
6034:Troas
5956:Syria
5879:Mysia
5855:Derbe
5813:Derbe
5795:Perga
5354:Lydia
5349:Lycia
5329:Caria
5223:Creta
5157:Savia
4549:Syria
4412:Dacia
3914:JSTOR
3546:. In
3058:Cic.
2868:(1).
2719:Pella
2688:Pella
2505:(362)
2488:signo
2264:43 BC
2227:49 BC
2159:58 BC
2006:85 BC
1991:Sulla
1969:94 BC
1676:Dates
1558:Stobi
1382:Livia
1313:Stobi
1304:polis
1287:Pella
1082:Egypt
1074:Dacia
983:Getae
915:Tomis
820:Stobi
612:Pydna
573:Pella
553:Pella
497:Pella
450:Latin
446:Greek
276:Greek
84:Stobi
6104:20.
6098:19.
6092:18.
6088:Tyre
6086:17.
6080:16.
6074:15.
6068:14.
6062:13.
6056:12.
6050:11.
6044:10.
5972:20.
5966:19.
5960:18.
5954:17.
5948:16.
5942:15.
5936:14.
5930:13.
5924:12.
5918:11.
5912:10.
5829:10.
5787:3b.
5781:3a.
5324:Asia
4666:and
4367:Asia
4269:ISBN
4246:ISBN
4214:ISBN
4201:ANRW
4186:ISBN
4167:ISBN
4146:ISBN
4122:ISBN
4102:ISBN
3876:ISBN
3831:ISBN
3776:ISBN
3642:ANRW
3476:3.34
3261:Syll
3257:Lete
2870:ISSN
2840:ISBN
2814:ISBN
2753:Dion
1650:and
1590:and
1564:and
1544:and
1496:(or
1455:and
1362:Zeus
1283:Dium
1221:and
1115:and
1095:and
787:, a
734:, a
626:and
565:Roma
440:and
417:and
385:and
362:and
339:and
6070:Cos
6038:9.
6032:8.
6025:7.
6019:6.
6013:5.
6007:4.
6001:3.
5995:2.
5989:1.
5906:9.
5900:9.
5894:8.
5888:7.
5877:6.
5871:5.
5865:4.
5859:3.
5853:2.
5847:1.
5823:9.
5817:8.
5811:7.
5805:6.
5799:5.
5793:4.
5775:3.
5769:2.
5763:1.
5013:et
3982:CIL
3906:doi
3351:11.
2738:sic
2680:of
2209:or
1488:or
1417:era
1372:as
1349:).
1245:.
1132:war
1009:'s
945:or
937:or
499:or
459:In
429:.
374:.
343:.
288:of
6123::
4652:c.
4650:,
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