197:
31:
205:
224:
In 1838 Karl
Tutschek was appointed tutor to several slaves who had arrived in Germany. They included an Oromo youth called Akafede Dalle and later Otshu Aga who in turn brought him into contact with Bilillee. Bilillee taught Aga several songs that were unfamiliar to her two compatriots. Bilillee
232:
Alongside his dictionary, Tutschek had transcribed 208 songs in Latin script and intended to translate them into German but died before this work could begin. It is believed these are almost all from
Bilillee. The documents remained in his brother's possession before being rediscovered by
228:
Tutschek used the information collected from the three, and later a fourth Oromo informant called Aman Gonda, to begin work on the first Oromo dictionary, which was published after his death in 1844 as the âDictionary of the Galla
Languageâ (Munich).
158:
In a letter to his wife Lucie, PĂŒckler-Muskau referred to
Bilillee as his âmistress'. She was taken by him on his travels before returning to Germany with him in the Spring of 1840. She died in October that year, possibly from
109:
The subject of this article is most often called âMahbubaâ or âMachbubaâ, which is an Arabic name that means âbelovedâ. She appears to have been given this name after being sold as a slave.
421:
35:
Unknown Artist, Portrait of
Mahbuba, oil on canvas, ca. 1840, 72.5 Ă 59 cm, Branitz: Stiftung FĂŒrst-PĂŒckler-Museum Park und Schloss Branitz, inventory no. VII K1/353.
196:
246:
In 1997, over 150 years after her death, Bilillee's songs were translated into
English by Gemetchu Megersa and published with further analysis by Claude Sumner.
882:"The representation of 'Ethiopianness' and 'Oromoness' in two Oromo-language novels: "Yoomi Laataa" by Isaayas Hordofaa and "Kuusaa Gadoo" by Gaaddisaa Birruu"
505:"The representation of 'Ethiopianness' and 'Oromoness' in two Oromo-language novels: "Yoomi Laataa" by Isaayas Hordofaa and "Kuusaa Gadoo" by Gaaddisaa Birruu"
1117:
Volker-Saad, Kerstin (2006). "Machbuba: âDie treueste Copie einer Venus von Tizian, nur in
Schwarzer Manierââ, in: Kerstin Volker-Saad â Anna Greve (eds.):
152:
1169:
1174:
644:"Art, Nature, Ghosts, and Ice Cream: Transcultural Assemblages of Prince Hermann von PĂŒckler-Muskau (1785â1871) and Machbuba/AjiamĂ©/Billilee"
458:"Art, Nature, Ghosts, and Ice Cream: Transcultural Assemblages of Prince Hermann von PĂŒckler-Muskau (1785â1871) and Machbuba/AjiamĂ©/Billilee"
1055:
Pankhurst, Richard (1979). âMahbuba, the âBelovedâ: The life and romance of an
Ethiopian slave-girl in early nineteenth century Europeâ.
1194:
611:
179:
1065:
Pankhurst, Richard (1980). âPuekler and
Mahbuba: The correspondence between a German prince and the Ethiopian slave-girlâ.
690:
1184:
1189:
1179:
643:
457:
398:
Sumner explains that this would have been sung by a group of men in praise of family leaders, age grades, and bulls.
139:. She was captured with her sister during local fighting, and, while still a child, taken by slave traders to north
183:
1154:
1144:
1107:
1159:
144:
1164:
832:
Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente
760:
Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente
721:
Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente
569:
Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente
422:
Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente
213:
1149:
1025:
Pankhurst, Richard and Adi Huka (1975). "Early nineteenth century Oromo childhood reminiscences".
959:
917:
909:
847:
775:
736:
671:
584:
540:
532:
485:
438:
243:. Paulitschke himself died before he could translate them and they appeared without explanation.
234:
208:
In
September 2017, an Ethiopian cross was unveiled at the grave by Prince Asfa-Wossen Asserate.
951:
901:
839:
767:
728:
663:
607:
576:
524:
477:
430:
120:
191:
is less a realist representation of her than a visual manifestation of Orientalist fantasies.
893:
655:
516:
469:
132:
131:
Some details of Bilillee's early life are unclear, but it appears that she was born in the
254:
Mahbuba still sings to us, as she did more than a century and a half ago to Karl Tutschek.
30:
112:
Elsewhere she is called 'Ajiamé' or 'Agiamé', which is also derived from the Arabic term
98:
1045:
Pankhurst, Richard (1976). "Ethiopian slave reminiscences of the nineteenth century".
1138:
921:
675:
544:
489:
659:
473:
160:
86:
225:
then spent some of her last days before death reciting songs to Tutschek in 1840.
897:
520:
239:
204:
979:
Ethnographie Nordost-Afrikas. Die Geistige Cultur der DanĂąkil, Galla und SomĂąl
168:
61:
955:
905:
843:
771:
732:
667:
580:
528:
481:
434:
940:"The State of Oral Literature Research in Ethiopia: Retrospect and Prospect"
188:
Mamluk costume and positioned in front of a desert landscape with pyramids
604:
The Making of Oromo Diaspora: A Historical Sociology of Forced Migrations
136:
90:
47:
1093:
1075:
Pankhurst, Richard (1981). âThe tragic romance of Mahbuba the belovedâ,
963:
939:
913:
881:
851:
827:
779:
755:
740:
716:
588:
564:
536:
504:
442:
416:
1035:
Pankhurst, Richard (1976). "The beginnings of Oromo Studies in Europe"
94:
981:. Berlin: Geographische Verlagshandlung Dietrich Reimer. p. 257.
164:
140:
82:
259:
163 of Bilillee's songs are included, such as this 'pastoral' song:
212:
Her grave can still be visited today. In September 2017, the writer
97:
as a slave. She is known to have helped lay the foundations for the
1108:
Machbuba - An Oromo slave-girl who won the heart of a German prince
174:
Upon her death, PĂŒckler-Muskau wrote to a friend that Bilillee was
203:
195:
148:
1009:
Oromo Wisdom Literature: Volume II Songs: Collection and Analysis
994:
Oromo Wisdom Literature: Volume II Songs: Collection and Analysis
867:
Oromo Wisdom Literature: Volume II Songs: Collection and Analysis
813:
Oromo Wisdom Literature: Volume II Songs: Collection and Analysis
101:
studies in Europe by reciting her oral traditions through songs.
1082:
Pankhurst, Richard (1990). "The slave girl and the prince".
216:
visited the grave and unveiled an Ethiopian memorial cross.
1092:
Richter, Daniela (2013). "Inside the Oriental Spectacle:
1011:. Addis Ababa: Gudina Tumsa Foundation. pp. 228â229.
1126:
Sehnsucht nach der Ferne Ausstellung Grassi-Museum fĂŒr
631:(in German). Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe. p. 118.
606:. Burnsville, MN: Kirk House Publishers. p. 124.
249:
In his introduction to the book, Lensa Gudina wrote: â
85:: Ù
ŰŰšÙۚ۩ / maáž„bĆ«ba c. 1825 â 27 October 1840) was an
996:. Addis Ababa: Gudina Tumsa Foundation. p. 228.
167:
and buried in St. Jacobi Cemetery in the village of
1129:
Völkerkunde zu Leipzig, 28. April bis 16. Juli 2006
68:
54:
40:
21:
869:. Addis Ababa: Gudina Tumsa Foundation. p. 7.
815:. Addis Ababa: Gudina Tumsa Foundation. p. 3.
691:"Geschichte : Machbuba fasziniert bis heute"
153:Prince Hermann Ludwig Heinrich von PĂŒckler-Muskau
151:. It was there in 1837 that she was purchased by
1094:Hermann von PĂŒckler-Muskau's Egyptian Travelogue
933:
931:
8:
828:"The Beginnings of Oromo Studies in Europe"
756:"The Beginnings of Oromo Studies in Europe"
717:"The Beginnings of Oromo Studies in Europe"
565:"The Beginnings of Oromo Studies in Europe"
417:"The Beginnings of Oromo Studies in Europe"
1131:, MĂŒnchen - Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag.
29:
18:
186:. The portrait depicts her dressed in a '
176:âthe being I loved most in all the worldâ
261:
407:
251:She was a living library of Oromo songs
365:Gondol Waqa! Hamaja is grazing cattle.
806:
804:
390:Kobobabo! Doladsha is grazing cattle.
350:Dale Matsha! Gusae is grazing cattle.
7:
648:The Journal of Transcultural Studies
558:
556:
554:
462:The Journal of Transcultural Studies
345:Dufa Kawa! Hamaja is grazing cattle.
315:(Harsama kan Dâadu Harka bekan jadu)
886:Journal of African Cultural Studies
689:Rundschau, Lausitzer (2017-09-15).
509:Journal of African Cultural Studies
237:in the 1890s while researching his
182:was taken as well as a posthumous
14:
797:. Munich: F. Wild. pp. xiii.
795:Dictionary of the Galla Language
629:FĂŒrst Hermann von PĂŒckler-Muskau
380:One seeks the hand he has known.
1047:Transafrican Journal of History
660:10.17885/heiup.jts.2019.2.24044
474:10.17885/heiup.jts.2019.2.24044
1027:Ethiopian Journal of Education
880:Tafa, Teferi Nigussie (2015).
503:Tafa, Teferi Nigussie (2015).
305:Gondol WĂąqo. Hamaja lon bobase
290:Dale madscha. Gusae lon bobase
135:, in present-day southwestern
1:
1170:19th-century Ethiopian people
977:Paulitschke, Philipp (1896).
642:Schwachenwald, Freya (2019).
456:Schwachenwald, Freya (2019).
285:Dâufa kawa. Hamaja lon bobase
1175:19th-century Ethiopian women
944:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
898:10.1080/13696815.2014.975107
521:10.1080/13696815.2014.975107
240:Ethnographie Nordost-Afrikas
16:German slave of Oromo origin
826:Pankhurst, Richard (1976).
754:Pankhurst, Richard (1976).
715:Pankhurst, Richard (1976).
563:Pankhurst, Richard (1976).
415:Pankhurst, Richard (1976).
1211:
1195:19th-century women writers
1067:Quaderni di Studi Etiopici
1057:Journal of African Studies
793:Tutschek, Charles (1845).
385:Gorketa is grazing cattle.
1106:Schmitt, Kathrin (1994) "
627:Assing, Ludmilla (2004).
360:Watesa is grazing cattle.
340:Hamaja is grazing cattle.
119:But her birth name was '
105:Mahbuba, Ajiamé, Bilillee
72:Mahbuba, Ajiamé, Bilillee
28:
602:Bulcha, Mekuria (2002).
1007:Sumner, Claude (1997).
992:Sumner, Claude (1997).
865:Sumner, Claude (1997).
811:Sumner, Claude (1997).
938:Azeze, Fekade (2001).
209:
201:
163:, at Muskau Castle in
89:girl from present-day
330:Doladscha lon bobase.
207:
199:
1112:The Oromo Commentary
214:Asfa-Wossen Asserate
1185:19th-century slaves
1098:Colloquia Germanica
263:
235:Philipp Paulitschke
1190:19th-century poets
1180:People from Oromia
320:Gorketa lon bobase
262:
210:
202:
1079:(February): 56â8.
396:
395:
300:Watesa lon bobase
280:Hamaja lon bobase
93:who was taken to
76:
75:
1202:
1155:Ethiopian slaves
1013:
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375:Harsama od Dadu!
355:Those of Matsha!
264:
200:Grave of Mahbuba
145:đđĄđđ«đđšđźđŠ
133:Kingdom of Gumma
69:Other names
33:
19:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
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1199:
1145:Ethiopian poets
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1020:Further reading
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370:Harsama Bagito!
222:
147:and finally to
129:
107:
64:
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58:27 October 1840
50:
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613:978-1886513495
612:
594:
550:
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448:
429:(2): 171â206.
406:
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333:
310:Harsama Bagito
295:Warri Mastscha
272:
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220:Oral tradition
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99:Oromo language
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1119:Ăthiopien und
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1042:(2): 171â206.
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1160:1820s births
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1103:(3): 229â244
1100:
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699:. Retrieved
695:lr-online.de
694:
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336:O my desire!
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161:tuberculosis
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108:
78:
77:
1165:1840 deaths
1122:Deutschland
1114:4(2): 32â34
1089:(2): 22â24.
1062:(1): 47â56.
697:(in German)
1150:Oral poets
1139:Categories
838:(2): 193.
766:(2): 179.
727:(2): 175.
701:2022-05-31
654:(2): 115.
575:(2): 183.
402:References
276:Ja ha woko
180:death mask
169:Bad Muskau
62:Bad Muskau
956:0304-2243
950:(1): 49.
922:154971020
906:1369-6815
844:0001-9747
772:0001-9747
733:0001-9747
676:213342346
668:2191-6411
581:0001-9747
545:154971020
529:1369-6815
515:(1): 86.
490:213342346
482:2191-6411
435:0001-9747
1072:: 30â41.
1032:: 39â47.
964:41966115
914:24758403
852:40758604
780:40758604
741:40758604
589:40758604
537:24758403
443:40758604
325:Kobobabo
270:English
184:portrait
143:then to
137:Ethiopia
121:Bilillee
91:Ethiopia
48:Ethiopia
23:Machbuba
1084:Selamta
95:Germany
79:Mahbuba
44:c. 1825
1037:Africa
962:
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267:Oromo
165:Saxony
141:Gondar
114:ÊżaǧamÄ«
83:Arabic
960:JSTOR
918:S2CID
910:JSTOR
848:JSTOR
776:JSTOR
737:JSTOR
672:S2CID
585:JSTOR
541:S2CID
533:JSTOR
486:S2CID
439:JSTOR
149:Cairo
87:Oromo
1077:Root
952:ISSN
902:ISSN
840:ISSN
768:ISSN
729:ISSN
664:ISSN
608:ISBN
577:ISSN
525:ISSN
478:ISSN
431:ISSN
178:. A
127:Life
55:Died
41:Born
1110:".
894:doi
656:doi
517:doi
470:doi
123:'.
1141::
1124:.
1101:46
1096:"
1040:31
958:.
948:34
946:.
942:.
930:^
916:.
908:.
900:.
890:27
888:.
884:.
846:.
836:31
834:.
830:.
803:^
774:.
764:31
762:.
758:.
735:.
725:31
723:.
719:.
693:.
670:.
662:.
652:10
650:.
646:.
583:.
573:31
571:.
567:.
553:^
539:.
531:.
523:.
513:27
511:.
507:.
484:.
476:.
466:10
464:.
460:.
437:.
427:31
425:.
419:.
256:â
193:'
171:.
155:.
116:.
1087:7
1070:1
1060:6
1050:5
1030:2
966:.
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782:.
743:.
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678:.
658::
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547:.
519::
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81:(
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