1901:
2579:
2552:
2654:
2491:
2682:
1854:
2064:
1561:
1688:
146:
1603:
2273:
2163:
2743:
2711:
1748:
2599:
2103:
2525:
1934:, staying below a depth of 200 m (660 ft) during the day and ascending into shallower water at night to feed. Typically measuring only 1 m (3.3 ft) in length, the crocodile shark is the smallest living mackerel shark. It can be distinguished by its elongated, cigar-shaped body, extremely large eyes, and relatively small fins. Substantial numbers are caught as
1964:
1886:. They grow up to 10 feet in adult length. The body tends to be brown in color with dark markings in the upper half. These markings disappear as they mature. Their needle-like teeth are highly adapted for impaling fish, their main prey. Their teeth are long, narrow, and very sharp with smooth edges, with one and on occasion two smaller cusplets on either side.
1801:
122:
2764:
1732:
has a few or less distinct keels. The teeth are gigantic. The fifth gill opening is in front of the pectoral fin and spiracles are sometimes absent. They are heavily built sharks, sometimes weighing nearly twice as much as sharks of comparable length from other families. Many in the family are
2868:
Donley, Jeanine M.; Sepulveda, Chugey A.; Aalbers, Scott A.; McGillivray, David G.; Syme, Douglas A.; Bernal, Diego (2012-04-13). "Effects of temperature on power output and contraction kinetics in the locomotor muscle of the regionally endothermic common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus)".
2923:
Shimada, Kenshu; Becker, Martin A.; Griffiths, Michael L. (2021-11-02). "Body, jaw, and dentition lengths of macrophagous lamniform sharks, and body size evolution in
Lamniformes with special reference to 'off-the-scale' gigantism of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon".
1786:. It is distinctive for its large head with rubbery lips. It is so unlike any other type of shark that it is classified in its own family, though it may belong in the family Cetorhinidae of which the basking shark is currently the sole member.
2465:
showing relationships within
Lamniformes. The topology of extant families is based on Vella & Vella (2020) and the placements of Cretoxyrhinidae and Otodontidae are based on Ferrón (2017), Cooper (2020), and Greenfield (2022).
1728:. Mackerel sharks have pointed snouts, spindle-shaped bodies, and gigantic gill openings. The first dorsal fin is large, high, stiff and angular or somewhat rounded. The second dorsal and anal fins are minute. The
1777:
known to have been caught or sighted as of 2012, including three recordings on film. Like the basking shark and whale shark, it is a filter feeder, and swims with its enormous mouth wide open, filtering water for
402:, shares the distinctive tooth histology of most lamniform sharks, which lack orthodentine, and is thus considered either the oldest lamniform or a sister group to all lamniforms. Lamniformes underwent a major
2967:
Jambura, Patrick L.; Kindlimann, René; López-Romero, Faviel; Marramà, Giuseppe; Pfaff, Cathrin; Stumpf, Sebastian; Türtscher, Julia; Underwood, Charlie J.; Ward, David J.; Kriwet, Jürgen (2019-07-04).
1649:
with a greatly enlarged mouth, which cruises leisurely over huge distances covering three miles every hour. During each of those hours, it strains about 1.5 million L of water through more than 5,000
366:, and a mouth extending behind the eyes. Species in two families of Lamniformes – Lamnidae and Alopiidae – are distinguished for maintaining a higher body temperature than the surrounding waters.
2018:, which contains at least 16 species of large (up to 10 metres (33 ft) in length) sharks with a specialised crushing dentition, known from the late Early to Late Cretaceous found worldwide.
1825:-shaped, beak-like snout, much longer than those of other sharks. The snout contains sensory organs to detect the electrical signals given off by the shark's prey. They also possess long,
3590:
4991:
4857:
1774:
2969:"Micro-computed tomography imaging reveals the development of a unique tooth mineralization pattern in mackerel sharks (Chondrichthyes; Lamniformes) in deep time"
1943:
4896:
3765:
422:, which have evolved into medium and large body sizes during the same timeframe. The causes of the decline are uncertain, but are likely to have involved both
3066:"Skeletal remains of the oldest known pseudocoracid shark Pseudocorax kindlimanni sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes, Lamniformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Lebanon"
3036:"The Late Jurassic shark Palaeocarcharias (Elasmobranchii, Selachimorpha) – functional morphology of teeth, dermal cephalic lobes and phylogenetic position"
410:
and became prominent elements of oceanic ecosystems. They reached their highest diversity during the Late
Cretaceous, but severely declined during the
1354:
3791:
4831:
4069:
3035:
4870:
418:. Lamniformes have severely declined over the last 20 million years, with only 15 species alive today, compared to over 290 extant species in the
3971:
871:
499:
1223:
1183:
464:
449:
3901:
Mikael
Siverson (1999). "A new large lamniform shark from the uppermost Gearle Siltstone (Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous) of Western Australia".
1310:
4260:
4026:
3953:
483:
1260:
923:
667:
516:
1293:
975:
939:
4996:
647:
988:
4000:
3721:
3741:
4958:
5001:
1833:
with an unusually long nose. Goblin sharks include one living genus and three extinct genera. The only known living species is
865:
1152:
4875:
4883:
907:
434:
The order
Lamniformes includes 10 families with 22 species, with a total of seven living families and 15 living species:
4062:
832:
2578:
2330:
A Late
Jurassic shark considered one of the closest relatives to the Lamniformes, alternately placed in its own order.
1900:
4779:
4766:
477:
1581:
are large sharks found in temperate and tropical oceans around the world. The common name refers to its distinctive,
145:
4901:
3866:
Mikael
Siverson; Marcin Machalski (2017). "Late late Albian (Early Cretaceous) shark teeth from Annopol, Poland".
4253:
1636:
2838:
2653:
2551:
847:
816:
510:
2490:
828:
4055:
3545:
2377:
2368:
1931:
969:
709:
673:
3237:
Bazzi, Mohamad; Campione, Nicolás E.; Kear, Benjamin P.; Pimiento, Catalina; Ahlberg, Per E. (2021-12-06).
3172:"An Analytical Approach for Estimating Fossil Record and Diversification Events in Sharks, Skates and Rays"
4706:
3821:
3795:
933:
423:
3453:
684:
4932:
4635:
1874:
are so-called because they inhabit sandy shorelines, and are often seen trolling the ocean floor in the
1348:
1281:
889:
661:
3392:
4950:
4784:
3968:
4986:
4911:
4805:
4753:
4246:
3677:
3495:
3407:
3299:
3183:
3128:
2980:
877:
611:
363:
4963:
2681:
2063:
4458:
4018:
4012:
3945:
2842:
1835:
915:
493:
4042:
4662:
4467:
3918:
3883:
3568:
3152:
2949:
2902:
2319:
2310:
1891:
1673:
has reduced its populations to the point where some have disappeared and others need protection.
1658:
1196:
1156:
1148:
1084:
1061:
1050:
965:
928:
403:
140:
1853:
4937:
1878:. They are found in warm or temperate waters throughout the world's oceans, except the eastern
1560:
373:, generally of medium-large size, including the largest macropredatory shark ever, the extinct
4919:
4792:
4644:
4434:
4167:
4022:
3996:
3949:
3717:
3655:
3523:
3435:
3391:
Frederickson, Joseph A.; Schaefer, Scott N.; Doucette-Frederickson, Janessa A. (3 June 2015).
3335:
3317:
3268:
3260:
3219:
3201:
3144:
3087:
3016:
2998:
2941:
2894:
2886:
1713:
1298:
1119:
855:
419:
336:
129:
4744:
4008:
3937:
2084:
shark with incredibly long, winglike pectoral fins, giving it a superficial resemblance to a
4862:
4672:
4611:
4342:
3910:
3875:
3645:
3635:
3560:
3513:
3503:
3425:
3415:
3371:
3325:
3307:
3250:
3209:
3191:
3170:
Guinot, Guillaume; Adnet, Sylvain; Cappetta, Henri (2012-09-05). MacKenzie, Brian R. (ed.).
3136:
3095:
3077:
3043:
3006:
2988:
2933:
2878:
2648:
2429:
2418:
2121:
2109:
2093:
1923:
1830:
1670:
1602:
1363:
1252:
1072:
472:
393:
375:
274:
111:
4924:
3047:
1687:
4681:
4537:
4360:
4351:
4205:
3975:
2574:
2402:
2393:
2356:
2344:
2335:
2221:
2181:
2169:
2153:
2035:
2026:
1939:
1919:
1907:
1766:
1754:
1729:
1721:
1666:
1632:
1631:, and the second of three plankton-eating sharks, the other two being the whale shark and
1424:
1342:
1329:
1319:
1175:
1165:
1144:
1095:
1039:
588:
504:
488:
411:
344:
320:
1304:
3499:
3411:
3303:
3187:
3132:
3117:"Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous"
2984:
1826:
4592:
4555:
4333:
4307:
4301:
4157:
4137:
4120:
4079:
3650:
3619:
3518:
3483:
3430:
3358:
Kriwet, Jürgen; Klug, Stefanie; Canudo, José I.; Cuenca-Bescos, Gloria (October 2008).
3330:
3287:
3214:
3171:
3100:
3065:
3011:
2968:
2520:
2486:
2442:
2238:
2229:
2069:
2055:
2001:
1994:
1844:
1791:
1705:
1639:
1578:
1567:
1510:
1192:
952:
577:
529:
459:
445:
370:
197:
187:
3484:"Regional endothermy as a trigger for gigantism in some extinct macropredatory sharks"
2742:
2710:
2272:
2162:
1773:
sharks. Since its discovery in 1976, only a few megamouth sharks have been seen, with
4980:
4518:
4397:
4110:
3922:
3887:
3817:
3737:
3673:
3572:
3376:
3359:
2953:
2677:
2209:
2200:
1770:
1738:
1662:
1646:
1620:
1608:
1437:
1287:
1273:
861:
655:
642:
633:
629:
107:
70:
4758:
3990:
3288:"Climate cooling and clade competition likely drove the decline of lamniform sharks"
3156:
4771:
4574:
4491:
4378:
4190:
4162:
4142:
4047:
3620:"The complete mitogenome of the Critically Endangered smalltooth sand tiger shark,
2906:
2705:
2598:
2360:
2186:
1970:
1954:
1818:
1807:
1747:
1725:
1594:
1501:
1494:
1479:
1468:
1457:
1446:
1432:
1334:
1215:
960:
525:
388:
340:
230:
3879:
3696:
3640:
3082:
2937:
4797:
3508:
3420:
3196:
4888:
4844:
4738:
4565:
4425:
4238:
4219:
4152:
3842:
3116:
2737:
2290:
2278:
2264:
2251:
2126:
2102:
2081:
1983:
1930:
waters from the surface to a depth of 590 m (1,940 ft). It performs a
1628:
1391:
1380:
1370:
1205:
1108:
997:
842:
743:
735:
596:
568:
552:
543:
426:
factors like competition and non-biotic factors like temperature and sea level.
381:
245:
210:
45:
2993:
2524:
1769:
is an extremely rare species of deepwater shark, and the smallest of the three
1712:, are large, fast-swimming sharks, found in oceans worldwide. They include the
17:
4626:
4602:
4528:
4388:
4295:
4200:
4104:
3914:
3255:
3238:
2882:
2594:
2547:
2294:
2192:
2137:
1883:
1871:
1860:
1650:
1586:
1268:
1242:
1232:
1012:
801:
793:
785:
777:
769:
761:
753:
725:
717:
535:
407:
351:
90:
55:
4729:
3321:
3264:
3205:
3148:
3091:
3002:
2945:
2890:
4818:
4500:
4323:
4147:
3591:"List of skeletal material from megatooth sharks (Lamniformes, Otodontidae)"
3312:
2723:
2462:
2302:
2141:
2085:
2014:
1963:
1875:
1783:
1551:
1518:
1412:
1130:
980:
812:
560:
415:
157:
95:
3659:
3564:
3527:
3439:
3339:
3272:
3223:
3020:
2898:
3393:"A Gigantic Shark from the Lower Cretaceous Duck Creek Formation of Texas"
1800:
4723:
4415:
4289:
4283:
4227:
4182:
4098:
4092:
3826:
3750:
3682:
2759:
2298:
2132:
1927:
1779:
1694:
1678:
1654:
1403:
1004:
824:
399:
355:
332:
177:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2763:
1645:, found in all the world's temperate oceans. It is generally a harmless
335:). It includes some of the most familiar species of sharks, such as the
121:
4195:
2256:
1935:
1879:
1642:
697:
100:
75:
3712:
Stevens, J.; Last, P.R. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
3360:"A new Early Cretaceous lamniform shark (Chondrichthyes, Neoselachii)"
1981:
Contains 4 genera of shark from the mid-Late
Cretaceous, most notably
4849:
4449:
3286:
Condamine, Fabien L.; Romieu, Jules; Guinot, Guillaume (2019-10-08).
3064:
Jambura, Patrick L.; Stumpf, Sebastian; Kriwet, Jürgen (2021-09-01).
2145:
1822:
1717:
1582:
1023:
902:
167:
4700:
3140:
3034:
Landemaine, Olivier; Thies, Detlev; Waschkewitz, Jens (2018-11-01).
4836:
4823:
882:
Ehret, Macfadden, Jones, Devries, Foster & Salas-Gismondi, 2012
4945:
4482:
4313:
4129:
2447:
2080:
Tentatively assigned to
Lamniformes; an extremely unusual, likely
947:
414:, before rebounding to a high but lower diversity peak during the
324:
220:
2388:
Known throughout the
Cretaceous, possible Paleogene occurrence.
1624:
359:
4704:
4242:
4051:
3903:
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences
304:
4810:
298:
3239:"Feeding ecology has shaped the evolution of modern sharks"
2305:(pictured), the largest shark ever, belongs to this group.
3992:
Sharks of the World: Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks
3613:
3611:
1829:
jaws. When the jaws are retracted, the shark resembles a
350:
Members of the order are distinguished by possessing two
292:
283:
1589:
which can be as long as the body of the shark itself.
2413:
7 species worldwide, known from the Late Cretaceous.
2088:, which it likely had a similar ecological niche to.
307:
295:
289:
3868:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
280:
4713:
4670:
4661:
4624:
4600:
4591:
4563:
4554:
4526:
4517:
4480:
4447:
4423:
4414:
4386:
4377:
4331:
4322:
4218:
4181:
4128:
4119:
301:
286:
277:
3584:
3582:
3454:"20-Foot Monster Shark Once Trolled Mesozoic Seas"
3841:Bigelow, Henry B.; Schroeder, William C. (1953).
331:(which may also refer specifically to the family
3292:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3539:
3537:
3477:
3475:
1944:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1922:family. It is a specialized inhabitant of the
4254:
4063:
8:
339:as well as less familiar ones, such as the
4701:
4667:
4597:
4560:
4523:
4420:
4383:
4328:
4261:
4247:
4239:
4125:
4070:
4056:
4048:
3847:. United States Government Printing Office
2062:
120:
31:
4992:Extant Early Cretaceous first appearances
4206:Myliobatiformes (stingrays and relatives)
3969:Greenpeace International Seafood Red list
3790:National Geographic (10 September 2010).
3716:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 63.
3702:, 13 March 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
3649:
3639:
3517:
3507:
3429:
3419:
3375:
3364:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3329:
3311:
3254:
3213:
3195:
3099:
3081:
3010:
2992:
2046:Contains a single Late Cretaceous genus,
1527:
4138:Hexanchiformes (frilled and cow sharks)
3995:Volume 2, FAO Species Catalogue, Rome.
2857:
1180:Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker, 1983
1170:Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker, 1983
2301:, and reached huge sizes. The species
387:The small ~1 metre (3.3 ft) long
3794:. National Geographic. Archived from
3353:
3351:
3349:
7:
4951:03A3DB49-C04F-B820-82E7-C066FE347817
4912:575f3639-3e66-4c49-a8ae-fc7bf79defde
4201:Rajiformes (skates and guitarfishes)
3115:Underwood, Charlie J. (March 2006).
3059:
3057:
2918:
2916:
2863:
2861:
4158:Heterodontiformes (bullhead sharks)
2729:
2697:
2670:
2641:
2567:
2540:
2513:
2506:
2479:
2469:
2440:Represented only by the Cretaceous
2249:Represented only by the Cretaceous
1882:. Sand sharks have a large second
1657:. Basking sharks have long been a
1427:(extinct, Late Cretaceous period)
1366:(extinct, Late Cretaceous period)
837:(mackerel sharks or white sharks)
712:(extinct, Late Cretaceous period)
25:
4168:Carcharhiniformes (ground sharks)
2355:5 species in two genera from the
1733:among the fastest-swimming fish.
4163:Orectolobiformes (carpet sharks)
3377:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00410.x
3048:10.1127/0375-0442/2018/0000/0085
2871:Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
2762:
2741:
2709:
2680:
2652:
2597:
2577:
2550:
2523:
2489:
2271:
2161:
2101:
1962:
1899:
1852:
1799:
1746:
1686:
1601:
1559:
273:
144:
4191:Torpediniformes (electric rays)
1938:, leading it to be assessed as
398:known from the Middle and Late
4148:Pristiophoriformes (sawsharks)
3624:(Lamniformes: Odontaspididae)"
1:
4173:Lamniformes (mackerel sharks)
4153:Squatiniformes (angel sharks)
4143:Squaliformes (dogfish sharks)
3880:10.1080/03115518.2017.1282981
3641:10.1080/23802359.2020.1814886
3618:Vella, N.; Vella, A. (2020).
3083:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104842
3040:Palaeontographica Abteilung A
2938:10.1080/08912963.2020.1812598
1623:is the second largest living
1513:(extinct, Cretaceous period)
1003:(extinct, Late Cretaceous to
369:Members of the group include
3509:10.1371/journal.pone.0185185
3421:10.1371/journal.pone.0127162
3197:10.1371/journal.pone.0044632
2436:
2433:
2428:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2191:, a genus from the mid-Late
2176:
2173:
2168:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1574:
1571:
1566:
3844:Fishes of the Gulf of Maine
2849:) to its seafood red list.
2359:, previously classified in
1918:Only one species is in the
1661:fish, as a source of food,
1396:Siverson and Lindgren, 2005
1100:(Zhelezko and Kozlov, 1999)
587:? (eagle sharks) (extinct,
5018:
4228:Chimaeriformes (chimaeras)
2994:10.1038/s41598-019-46081-3
2439:
2412:
2387:
2354:
2329:
2288:
2248:
2219:
2179:
2119:
2045:
1917:
1870:
1817:
1764:
1704:
1618:
1577:
1473:Underwood and Cumbaa, 2010
1343:Pseudocarcharias kamoharai
4997:Cartilaginous fish orders
4278:
4087:
4007:Joseph S. Nelson (2006).
3989:Compagno, Leonard (2002)
3936:Joseph S. Nelson (2006).
3915:10.1017/S0263593300002509
3256:10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.028
2883:10.1007/s10695-012-9641-1
2757:
2734:
2727:
2702:
2695:
2675:
2668:
2646:
2639:
2592:
2572:
2565:
2545:
2538:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2484:
2477:
2293:lived from the early-mid
2184:includes the sole member
1821:have a distinctive long,
1469:Cretoxyrhina agassizensis
258:
253:
141:Scientific classification
139:
128:
119:
34:
4196:Pristiformes (sawfishes)
3820:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
3740:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
3676:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
3628:Mitochondrial DNA Part B
2839:Greenpeace International
2370:†Pseudoscapanorhynchidae
1458:Cretoxyrhina denticulata
1447:Cretoxyrhina vraconensis
1292:(smalltooth sand tiger)
1236:Müller & Henle, 1839
786:Protolamna compressidens
726:Eoptolamna eccentrolopha
41:Early Cretaceous–present
4636:Smalltooth sand tiger (
3830:. January 2009 version.
3822:"Family Odontaspididae"
3754:. October 2005 version.
3686:. October 2013 version.
3589:Greenfield, T. (2022).
3313:10.1073/pnas.1902693116
2833:Sustainable consumption
2378:Pseudoscapanorhynchidae
2312:†Palaeocarchariidae (?)
2136:, both genera from the
1932:diel vertical migration
1007:) (megatoothed sharks)
884:(Hubbell's white shark)
802:Protolamna roanokeensis
319:"fish of prey") are an
5002:Taxa named by Lev Berg
3714:Encyclopedia of Fishes
3565:10.1144/geosci2020-115
2140:which have existed in
1659:commercially important
856:Carcharodon carcharias
744:Leptostyrax macrorhiza
674:Cetorhinus huddlestoni
134:Carcharodon carcharias
4933:Paleobiology Database
4459:Shortfin mako shark (
3544:Cooper, J.A. (2020).
3482:Ferrón, H.G. (2017).
2220:An extinct family of
2012:Only a single genus,
1926:, found worldwide in
1480:Cretoxyrhina mantelli
890:Carcharodon caifassii
489:Alopias superciliosus
364:nictitating membranes
4468:Longfin mako shark (
3249:(23): 5138–5148.e4.
1309:(bigeye sand tiger)
1113:Shimada et al., 2016
878:Carcharodon hubbelli
870:(great white shark)
612:Aquilolamna milarcae
4645:Bigeye sand tiger (
4435:Great white shark (
4019:John Wiley and Sons
4014:Fishes of the World
4009:"Order Lamniformes"
3946:John Wiley and Sons
3942:Fishes of the World
3938:"Order Lamniformes"
3792:"Sand Tiger Sharks"
3744:Mitsukurina owstoni
3500:2017PLoSO..1285185F
3412:2015PLoSO..1027162F
3304:2019PNAS..11620584C
3298:(41): 20584–20590.
3188:2012PLoSO...744632G
3133:2006Pbio...32..215U
3070:Cretaceous Research
2985:2019NatSR...9.9652J
2843:shortfin mako shark
2057:†Aquilolamnidae (?)
1836:Mitsukurina owstoni
1665:, animal feed, and
1392:Cardabiodon venator
1299:Odontaspis noronhai
1259:(sand tiger shark)
1216:Mitsukurina owstoni
1176:Megachasma pelagios
794:Protolamna gigantea
770:Protolamna borodini
762:Protolamna sokolovi
685:Cetorhinus piersoni
482:(pelagic thresher)
4663:Pseudocarchariidae
4612:Sand tiger shark (
4343:Pelagic thresher (
4080:cartilaginous fish
4021:. pp. 57–60.
3974:2010-04-10 at the
3948:. pp. 57–60.
3678:"Family Alopiidae"
2973:Scientific Reports
2926:Historical Biology
2575:Pseudocarchariidae
2320:Palaeocarchariidae
2279:Megatoothed sharks
2050:, with 3 species.
1893:Pseudocarchariidae
1353:(crocodile shark)
1320:Pseudocarchariidae
1220:D. S. Jordan, 1898
1210:D. S. Jordan, 1898
1182:(megamouth shark)
1085:Otodus auriculatus
1062:Otodus chubutensis
1051:Otodus angustidens
985:(Bonnaterre, 1788)
778:Protolamna carteri
656:Cetorhinus maximus
515:(common thresher)
498:(bigeye thresher)
454:(thresher sharks)
404:adaptive radiation
327:commonly known as
4974:
4973:
4920:Open Tree of Life
4707:Taxon identifiers
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4682:Crocodile shark (
4657:
4656:
4587:
4586:
4550:
4549:
4538:Megamouth shark (
4513:
4512:
4410:
4409:
4373:
4372:
4361:Common thresher (
4352:Bigeye thresher (
4236:
4235:
4214:
4213:
4130:Selachii (sharks)
4028:978-0-471-25031-9
3955:978-0-471-25031-9
3546:"Scaling a giant"
2932:(11): 2543–2559.
2847:Isurus oxyrinchus
2829:
2828:
2820:
2819:
2811:
2810:
2802:
2801:
2793:
2792:
2784:
2783:
2775:
2774:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2454:
2453:
2420:†Truyolsodontidae
2095:†Cardabiodontidae
1988:found worldwide.
1485:
1474:
1463:
1452:
1441:
1418:
1408:
1397:
1386:
1381:Cardabiodon ricki
1375:
1352:
1338:
1324:
1308:
1291:
1277:
1258:
1253:Carcharias taurus
1248:
1237:
1221:
1211:
1200:
1181:
1171:
1160:
1136:
1125:
1120:Palaeocarcharodon
1114:
1101:
1090:
1078:
1067:
1056:
1045:
1034:
1018:
1002:
986:
973:
956:
937:
921:
916:Isurus oxyrinchus
911:
895:
883:
869:
851:
836:
820:
703:
690:
679:
665:
651:
637:
621:
606:
586:
533:
514:
497:
481:
473:Alopias pelagicus
468:
453:
420:Carcharhiniformes
380:as well as large
265:
264:
249:
130:Great white shark
16:(Redirected from
5009:
4967:
4966:
4954:
4953:
4941:
4940:
4928:
4927:
4915:
4914:
4905:
4904:
4892:
4891:
4889:NHMSYS0021053496
4879:
4878:
4866:
4865:
4853:
4852:
4840:
4839:
4827:
4826:
4814:
4813:
4801:
4800:
4788:
4787:
4775:
4774:
4762:
4761:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4702:
4673:Pseudocarcharias
4668:
4598:
4561:
4524:
4421:
4384:
4354:A. superciliosus
4329:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4240:
4126:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4049:
4032:
4017:(4th ed.).
3978:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3944:(4th ed.).
3933:
3927:
3926:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3766:"Mitsukurinidae"
3762:
3756:
3755:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3709:
3703:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3653:
3643:
3634:(3): 3301–3304.
3622:Odontaspis ferox
3615:
3606:
3605:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3550:
3541:
3532:
3531:
3521:
3511:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3433:
3423:
3397:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3355:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3315:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3258:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3217:
3199:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3085:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3014:
2996:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2877:(5): 1507–1519.
2865:
2766:
2746:
2745:
2730:
2713:
2698:
2684:
2671:
2657:
2656:
2642:
2601:
2581:
2568:
2554:
2541:
2527:
2514:
2507:
2493:
2480:
2470:
2430:Truyolsodontidae
2421:
2396:
2395:†Serratolamnidae
2371:
2338:
2337:†Pseudocoracidae
2313:
2275:
2267:
2232:
2203:
2166:
2165:
2156:
2155:†Cretoxyrhinidae
2122:Cardabiodontidae
2110:Cardabiodontidae
2106:
2105:
2096:
2066:
2058:
2029:
2025:
1967:
1966:
1957:
1953:
1924:mesopelagic zone
1908:Crocodile sharks
1904:
1903:
1894:
1857:
1856:
1847:
1831:grey nurse shark
1804:
1803:
1794:
1755:Megamouth sharks
1751:
1750:
1741:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1671:Overexploitation
1605:
1597:
1564:
1563:
1554:
1528:
1483:
1472:
1461:
1450:
1436:
1416:
1406:
1395:
1384:
1373:
1364:Cardabiodontidae
1346:
1333:
1330:Pseudocarcharias
1322:
1302:
1285:
1282:Odontaspis ferox
1272:
1257:Rafinesque, 1810
1256:
1247:Rafinesque, 1810
1246:
1235:
1219:
1209:
1195:
1179:
1169:
1147:
1134:
1123:
1112:
1099:
1088:
1076:
1073:Otodus megalodon
1065:
1054:
1043:
1032:
1016:
1000:
984:
964:
951:
932:
922:(shortfin mako)
920:Rafinesque, 1810
919:
906:
893:
881:
859:
846:
827:
815:
701:
688:
677:
666:(basking shark)
659:
646:
632:
615:
600:
580:
528:
508:
505:Alopias vulpinus
492:
476:
463:
448:
394:Palaeocarcharias
376:Otodus megalodon
314:
313:
310:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
244:
149:
148:
124:
112:Palaeocarcharias
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5006:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4962:
4957:
4949:
4944:
4936:
4931:
4923:
4918:
4910:
4908:
4900:
4895:
4887:
4882:
4874:
4869:
4861:
4856:
4848:
4843:
4835:
4830:
4822:
4817:
4809:
4804:
4796:
4791:
4783:
4778:
4770:
4765:
4757:
4752:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4709:
4699:
4690:
4653:
4620:
4583:
4546:
4509:
4476:
4443:
4406:
4398:Basking shark (
4369:
4318:
4274:
4267:
4237:
4232:
4210:
4183:Batoidea (rays)
4177:
4115:
4083:
4076:
4043:elasmo-research
4039:
4029:
4006:
3986:
3984:Further reading
3981:
3976:Wayback Machine
3967:
3963:
3956:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3801:
3799:
3798:on July 7, 2007
3789:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3770:www.helsinki.fi
3764:
3763:
3759:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3695:
3691:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3617:
3616:
3609:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3494:(9): e0185185.
3481:
3480:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3458:livescience.com
3452:
3451:
3447:
3406:(6): e0127162.
3395:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3357:
3356:
3347:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3243:Current Biology
3236:
3235:
3231:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3141:10.1666/04069.1
3114:
3113:
3109:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3033:
3032:
3028:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2855:
2835:
2830:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2785:
2776:
2740:
2706:Cretoxyrhinidae
2651:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2459:
2419:
2403:Serratolamnidae
2394:
2369:
2357:Late Cretaceous
2345:Pseudocoracidae
2336:
2311:
2265:
2231:†Haimirichiidae
2230:
2222:Late Cretaceous
2201:
2182:Cretoxyrhinidae
2170:Cretoxyrhinidae
2160:
2154:
2100:
2094:
2056:
2036:Archaeolamnidae
2028:Archaeolamnidae
2027:
2023:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1940:near threatened
1920:crocodile shark
1898:
1892:
1851:
1845:
1798:
1792:
1767:megamouth shark
1745:
1739:
1730:caudal peduncle
1722:porbeagle shark
1706:Mackerel sharks
1695:Mackerel sharks
1685:
1679:
1667:shark liver oil
1633:megamouth shark
1595:
1579:Thresher sharks
1568:Thresher sharks
1558:
1552:
1495:Serratolamnidae
1425:Cretoxyrhinidae
1222:(goblin shark)
1135:Siversson, 2017
1096:Otodus sokolovi
1077:(Agassiz, 1843)
1066:(Agassiz, 1843)
1055:(Agassiz, 1843)
1044:(Agassiz, 1838)
1040:Otodus obliquus
1033:(Agassiz, 1843)
974:(salmon shark)
938:(longfin mako)
589:Late Cretaceous
432:
412:K-Pg extinction
362:, eyes without
345:megamouth shark
329:mackerel sharks
276:
272:
243:
143:
115:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:Order of sharks
23:
22:
18:Mackerel sharks
15:
12:
11:
5:
5015:
5013:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4979:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4955:
4942:
4929:
4916:
4906:
4893:
4880:
4867:
4854:
4841:
4828:
4815:
4802:
4789:
4776:
4763:
4750:
4735:
4719:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4678:
4676:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4642:
4632:
4630:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4595:
4593:Odontaspididae
4589:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4575:Goblin shark (
4571:
4569:
4558:
4556:Mitsukurinidae
4552:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4534:
4532:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4498:
4492:Salmon shark (
4488:
4486:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4465:
4455:
4453:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4394:
4392:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4358:
4349:
4339:
4337:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4310:
4308:Elasmobranchii
4304:
4302:Chondrichthyes
4298:
4292:
4286:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4271:mackerel shark
4268:
4266:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4243:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4123:
4121:Elasmobranchii
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4095:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4038:
4037:External links
4035:
4034:
4033:
4027:
4004:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3961:
3954:
3928:
3893:
3874:(4): 433–463.
3858:
3833:
3818:Froese, Rainer
3809:
3782:
3757:
3738:Froese, Rainer
3729:
3722:
3704:
3689:
3674:Froese, Rainer
3665:
3607:
3578:
3533:
3471:
3445:
3383:
3370:(2): 278–290.
3345:
3278:
3229:
3162:
3127:(2): 215–235.
3107:
3053:
3026:
2959:
2912:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2548:Odontaspididae
2544:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2487:Mitsukurinidae
2483:
2478:
2476:
2468:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2443:Truyolsodontos
2438:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2307:
2306:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2276:
2269:
2261:
2260:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2239:Haimirichiidae
2236:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2202:†Eoptolamnidae
2197:
2196:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2148:, and Europe.
2118:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2070:Aquilolamnidae
2067:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2020:
2019:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2002:Ptychodontidae
1999:
1997:
1995:Ptychodontidae
1990:
1989:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1959:
1948:
1947:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1858:
1849:
1846:Odontaspididae
1841:
1840:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1796:
1793:Mitsukurinidae
1788:
1787:
1771:filter-feeding
1763:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1708:, also called
1703:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1609:Basking sharks
1606:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1585:-like tail or
1576:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1556:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1511:Ptychodontidae
1507:
1506:
1505:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1464:
1462:Glückman, 1957
1453:
1451:Zhelezko, 2000
1421:
1420:
1419:
1417:Cappetta, 1980
1409:
1407:Siverson, 1999
1400:
1399:
1398:
1387:
1385:Siverson, 1999
1374:Siverson, 1999
1360:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1323:Compagno, 1973
1316:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1295:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1233:Odontaspididae
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1193:Mitsukurinidae
1189:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1126:
1115:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1091:
1089:(Jordan, 1923)
1080:
1068:
1057:
1046:
1019:
1017:Gluckman, 1958
1001:Gluckman, 1964
994:
993:
992:
991:
990:
977:
961:Lamna ditropis
943:
942:
941:
934:Guitart-Manday
925:
898:
897:
896:
885:
873:
809:
808:
807:
806:
805:
797:
789:
781:
773:
765:
749:
748:
747:
731:
730:
729:
706:
705:
704:
702:(Welton, 2013)
693:
692:
691:
689:(Welton, 2015)
680:
678:(Welton, 2014)
669:
626:
625:
624:
623:
622:
578:Aquilolamnidae
574:
573:
572:
564:
556:
548:
522:
521:
520:
519:
518:
501:
485:
431:
428:
371:macropredators
263:
262:
256:
255:
251:
250:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
208:
201:
200:
198:Elasmobranchii
195:
191:
190:
188:Chondrichthyes
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
126:
125:
117:
116:
114:is a lamniform
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5014:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4965:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4755:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4703:
4687:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4650:
4648:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4580:
4578:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4519:Megachasmidae
4516:
4506:
4504:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4461:I. oxyrinchus
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4437:C. carcharias
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4403:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4366:
4364:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4272:
4264:
4259:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4111:Gnathostomata
4108:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4081:
4073:
4068:
4066:
4061:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4002:
4001:92-5-104543-7
3998:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3965:
3962:
3957:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3932:
3929:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3862:
3859:
3846:
3845:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3783:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3725:
3723:0-12-547665-5
3719:
3715:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3697:Basking shark
3693:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3559:(10): 10–15.
3558:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3460:. 3 June 2015
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3384:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3230:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3182:(9): e44632.
3181:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3108:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2832:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2797:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2779:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2707:
2700:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2624:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2595:Megachasmidae
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2456:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:Extinct, the
2280:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2211:
2210:Eoptolamnidae
2206:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2183:
2180:Extinct, the
2171:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2120:Extinct, the
2111:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2082:planktivorous
2079:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1909:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1862:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:Goblin sharks
1809:
1808:Goblin sharks
1802:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1740:Megachasmidae
1737:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1696:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:filter feeder
1644:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:basking shark
1610:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1522:(16+ species)
1521:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1486:(ginsu shark)
1484:Agassiz, 1843
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:Megachasmidae
1142:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1124:Casieer, 1960
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1006:
999:
995:
989:
983:
982:
978:
976:
971:
967:
963:
962:
958:
957:
954:
950:
949:
944:
940:
935:
931:
930:
929:Isurus paucus
926:
924:
918:
917:
913:
912:
909:
905:
904:
899:
892:
891:
886:
880:
879:
874:
872:
867:
863:
858:
857:
853:
852:
849:
845:
844:
839:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
821:
818:
814:
810:
804:
803:
798:
796:
795:
790:
788:
787:
782:
780:
779:
774:
772:
771:
766:
764:
763:
758:
757:
756:
755:
750:
746:
745:
740:
739:
738:
737:
732:
728:
727:
722:
721:
720:
719:
714:
713:
711:
710:Eoptolamnidae
707:
700:
699:
694:
687:
686:
681:
676:
675:
670:
668:
663:
658:
657:
653:
652:
649:
645:
644:
639:
638:
635:
631:
627:
619:
614:
613:
608:
607:
604:
599:
598:
593:
592:
590:
584:
579:
575:
571:
570:
565:
563:
562:
557:
555:
554:
549:
547:(crow sharks)
546:
545:
540:
539:
537:
531:
527:
523:
517:
512:
507:
506:
502:
500:
495:
491:
490:
486:
484:
479:
475:
474:
470:
469:
466:
462:
461:
456:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:
441:
440:
435:
429:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
395:
390:
385:
383:
379:
377:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
315:, from Greek
312:
270:
261:
257:
252:
247:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:Selachimorpha
219:
217:Subdivision:
216:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
113:
109:
108:Late Jurassic
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
4714:
4684:P. kamoharai
4683:
4671:
4646:
4637:
4625:
4613:
4601:
4576:
4564:
4539:
4527:
4502:
4493:
4481:
4469:
4460:
4448:
4436:
4424:
4399:
4387:
4379:Cetorhinidae
4362:
4353:
4345:A. pelagicus
4344:
4332:
4312:Subdivision
4270:
4172:
4109:Infraphylum
4013:
3991:
3964:
3941:
3931:
3909:(1): 49–66.
3906:
3902:
3896:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3849:. Retrieved
3843:
3836:
3825:
3812:
3800:. Retrieved
3796:the original
3785:
3773:. Retrieved
3769:
3760:
3749:
3743:
3732:
3713:
3707:
3699:
3692:
3681:
3668:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3601:
3598:Paleoichthys
3597:
3556:
3553:Geoscientist
3552:
3491:
3487:
3462:. Retrieved
3457:
3448:
3403:
3399:
3386:
3367:
3363:
3295:
3291:
3281:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3124:
3121:Paleobiology
3120:
3110:
3073:
3069:
3039:
3029:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2929:
2925:
2874:
2870:
2846:
2836:
2758:
2735:
2703:
2678:Cetorhinidae
2676:
2649:Carchariidae
2647:
2593:
2573:
2546:
2519:
2485:
2473:
2460:
2441:
2423:
2361:Anacoracidae
2266:†Otodontidae
2250:
2224:lamniforms.
2187:Cretoxyrhina
2185:
2131:
2125:
2048:Archaeolamna
2047:
2013:
1982:
1971:Anacoracidae
1956:Anacoracidae
1834:
1775:55 specimens
1726:salmon shark
1710:white sharks
1709:
1637:cosmopolitan
1627:, after the
1596:Cetorhinidae
1546:Description
1537:Common name
1517:
1502:Serratolamna
1500:
1478:
1467:
1456:
1445:
1433:Cretoxyrhina
1431:
1390:
1379:
1341:
1328:
1297:
1280:
1267:
1251:
1241:
1214:
1204:
1197:D. S. Jordan
1174:
1164:
1129:
1118:
1107:
1094:
1083:
1071:
1060:
1049:
1038:
1029:Carcharocles
1028:
1022:
1011:
987:(porbeagle)
979:
959:
946:
927:
914:
901:
894:Lawley, 1876
888:
876:
854:
841:
829:J. P. Müller
811:Superfamily
800:
792:
784:
776:
768:
760:
752:
742:
734:
724:
716:
696:
683:
672:
654:
641:
630:Cetorhinidae
617:
610:
602:
595:
582:
567:
559:
551:
542:
526:Anacoracidae
503:
487:
471:
458:
438:
436:
433:
392:
389:carpet shark
386:
382:planktivores
374:
368:
349:
341:goblin shark
328:
316:
268:
266:
259:
240:
231:Galeomorphii
227:Superorder:
204:
133:
29:
4987:Lamniformes
4845:iNaturalist
4772:Lamniformes
4759:Lamniformes
4745:Lamniformes
4739:Wikispecies
4715:Lamniformes
4647:O. noronhai
4566:Mitsukurina
4540:M. pelagios
4501:Porbeagle (
4494:L. ditropis
4426:Carcharodon
4363:A. vulpinus
4220:Holocephali
3042:: 103–165.
2979:(1): 9652.
2738:Otodontidae
2474:Lamniformes
2461:Below is a
2291:Otodontidae
2252:Haimirichia
2127:Cardabiodon
1984:Squalicorax
1872:Sand sharks
1861:Sand sharks
1827:protrusible
1714:great white
1651:gill rakers
1629:whale shark
1371:Cardabiodon
1206:Mitsukurina
1109:Megalolamna
1079:(megalodon)
998:Otodontidae
981:Lamna nasus
843:Carcharodon
736:Leptostyrax
597:Aquilolamna
569:Ptychocorax
553:Scindocorax
544:Squalicorax
439:Lamniformes
406:during the
352:dorsal fins
337:great white
269:Lamniformes
241:Lamniformes
211:Neoselachii
35:Lamniformes
4981:Categories
4627:Odontaspis
4603:Carcharias
4577:M. owstoni
4529:Megachasma
4400:C. maximus
4389:Cetorhinus
4296:Vertebrata
4294:Subphylum
4105:Vertebrata
4103:Subphylum
3851:30 October
3802:8 December
3700:BBC Nature
3076:: 104842.
2853:References
2841:added the
2295:Cretaceous
2193:Cretaceous
2189:(pictured)
2138:Cretaceous
1884:dorsal fin
1635:. It is a
1587:caudal fin
1269:Odontaspis
1243:Carcharias
1166:Megachasma
1157:Struhsaker
1013:Cretalamna
908:Rafinesque
754:Protolamna
718:Eoptolamna
648:Blainville
643:Cetorhinus
536:Cretaceous
534:(extinct,
511:Bonnaterre
494:R. T. Lowe
465:Rafinesque
408:Cretaceous
360:gill slits
246:L. S. Berg
194:Subclass:
110:record if
4614:C. taurus
4470:I. paucus
4324:Alopiidae
4306:Subclass
3923:131195702
3888:133123002
3573:242895754
3322:0027-8424
3265:0960-9822
3206:1932-6203
3149:0094-8373
3092:0195-6671
3003:2045-2322
2954:224935604
2946:0891-2963
2891:0920-1742
2837:In 2010,
2724:Lamnoidea
2521:Alopiidae
2463:cladogram
2457:Phylogeny
2303:megalodon
2142:Australia
2086:manta ray
2015:Ptychodus
1876:surf zone
1784:jellyfish
1663:shark fin
1640:migratory
1553:Alopiidae
1519:Ptychodus
1413:Parotodus
1349:Matsubara
1131:Kenolamna
817:Bonaparte
813:Lamnoidea
561:Nanocorax
450:Bonaparte
446:Alopiidae
416:Paleogene
260:See text
254:Families
164:Kingdom:
158:Eukaryota
106:Possible
4724:Wikidata
4638:O. ferox
4503:L. nasus
4416:Lamnidae
4314:Selachii
4290:Chordata
4284:Animalia
4282:Kingdom
4099:Chordata
4093:Animalia
4091:Kingdom
3972:Archived
3827:FishBase
3751:FishBase
3683:FishBase
3660:33458146
3528:28938002
3488:PLOS ONE
3440:26039066
3400:PLOS ONE
3340:31548392
3273:34614390
3224:22957091
3176:PLOS ONE
3157:86232401
3021:31273249
2899:22527612
2760:Lamnidae
2299:Pliocene
2133:Dwardius
2124:include
1928:tropical
1780:plankton
1680:Lamnidae
1655:plankton
1583:thresher
1543:Species
1509:Family †
1493:Family †
1423:Family †
1404:Dwardius
1362:Family †
1153:Compagno
1005:Pliocene
996:Family †
862:Linnaeus
848:A. Smith
825:Lamnidae
708:Family †
662:Gunnerus
591:period)
576:Family †
538:period)
524:Family †
478:Nakamura
400:Jurassic
356:anal fin
333:Lamnidae
178:Chordata
174:Phylum:
168:Animalia
154:Domain:
4730:Q224470
4334:Alopias
4288:Phylum
4273:species
4269:Extant
4097:Phylum
4078:Extant
3775:7 April
3651:7782878
3519:5609766
3496:Bibcode
3464:7 April
3431:4454486
3408:Bibcode
3331:6789557
3300:Bibcode
3215:3434181
3184:Bibcode
3129:Bibcode
3101:7611798
3012:6609643
2981:Bibcode
2907:1100494
2297:to the
2257:Morocco
1942:by the
1936:bycatch
1880:Pacific
1643:species
1540:Genera
1531:Family
1516:Genus †
1499:Genus †
1438:Agassiz
1430:Genus †
1411:Genus †
1402:Genus †
1369:Genus †
1351:, 1936)
1335:Cadenat
1318:Family
1307:, 1955)
1290:, 1810)
1274:Agassiz
1231:Family
1191:Family
1143:Family
1128:Genus †
1117:Genus †
1106:Genus †
1021:Genus †
1010:Genus †
970:Follett
823:Family
751:Genus †
733:Genus †
715:Genus †
698:Keasius
695:Genus †
664:, 1765)
628:Family
594:Genus †
566:Genus †
558:Genus †
550:Genus †
541:Genus †
530:Capetta
513:, 1788)
460:Alopias
444:Family
430:Species
358:, five
237:Order:
184:Class:
4909:NZOR:
4876:159851
4824:1LAMNO
4450:Isurus
4300:Class
4082:orders
4025:
3999:
3952:
3921:
3886:
3720:
3658:
3648:
3604:: 1–9.
3571:
3526:
3516:
3438:
3428:
3338:
3328:
3320:
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3263:
3222:
3212:
3204:
3155:
3147:
3098:
3090:
3019:
3009:
3001:
2952:
2944:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2146:Canada
1823:trowel
1724:, and
1716:, the
1534:Image
1440:, 1843
1337:, 1963
1327:Genus
1276:, 1838
1266:Genus
1240:Genus
1203:Genus
1199:, 1898
1163:Genus
1159:, 1983
1155:&
1149:Taylor
1024:Otodus
972:, 1947
968:&
955:, 1816
953:Cuvier
945:Genus
936:, 1966
910:, 1810
903:Isurus
900:Genus
850:, 1838
840:Genus
835:, 1838
819:, 1835
650:, 1816
640:Genus
636:, 1862
620:, 2021
618:et al.
616:Vullo
605:, 2021
603:et al.
601:Vullo
585:, 2021
583:et al.
581:Vullo
532:, 1987
496:, 1841
480:, 1935
467:, 1810
457:Genus
452:, 1838
437:Order
424:biotic
391:-like
325:sharks
248:, 1958
4964:10209
4959:WoRMS
4946:Plazi
4938:34598
4925:32038
4902:30496
4863:10845
4858:IRMNG
4850:50870
4483:Lamna
3919:S2CID
3884:S2CID
3594:(PDF)
3569:S2CID
3549:(PDF)
3396:(PDF)
3153:S2CID
2950:S2CID
2903:S2CID
2448:Spain
2446:from
2255:from
1288:Risso
966:Hubbs
948:Lamna
833:Henle
354:, an
321:order
317:lamna
205:Clade
4897:NCBI
4871:ITIS
4832:GBIF
4819:EPPO
4811:1874
4780:BOLD
4023:ISBN
3997:ISBN
3950:ISBN
3853:2011
3804:2012
3777:2018
3718:ISBN
3656:PMID
3524:PMID
3466:2018
3436:PMID
3336:PMID
3318:ISSN
3269:PMID
3261:ISSN
3220:PMID
3202:ISSN
3145:ISSN
3088:ISSN
3017:PMID
2999:ISSN
2942:ISSN
2895:PMID
2887:ISSN
2130:and
1782:and
1765:The
1718:mako
1653:for
1625:fish
1619:The
1305:Maul
866:1758
831:and
634:Gill
343:and
267:The
46:PreꞒ
4884:NBN
4837:885
4806:EoL
4798:3F5
4793:CoL
4785:225
4767:AFD
4754:ADW
3911:doi
3876:doi
3646:PMC
3636:doi
3561:doi
3514:PMC
3504:doi
3426:PMC
3416:doi
3372:doi
3368:154
3326:PMC
3308:doi
3296:116
3251:doi
3210:PMC
3192:doi
3137:doi
3096:PMC
3078:doi
3074:125
3044:doi
3007:PMC
2989:doi
2934:doi
2879:doi
2385:18
2286:27
2009:16
1978:39
323:of
299:ɔːr
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