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and thus laid two eggs simultaneously. The nests have unusually large volume of eggs compared to the body size of the parents, which could mean that multiple females would contribute to a single nest. Association of other oviraptorids with their eggs suggests extensive parental care was typical for
720:
of almost certainly all oviraptorosaurs were exposed in the nest without an external covering. Though most oviraptorosaur nests have eggs arranged in a circular fashion, the morphology of the nest is different in smaller and larger species in that the center of the nest is highly reduced in the
510:
eggs are most notable for their large size. They are at least 34 centimetres (13 in) long, but the largest specimens are over 60 centimetres (24 in) long. They are also very elongated, usually roughly three times longer than they are wide. They are often found in large
540:
specimens are extremely variable in size, shape, and microstructure, even in eggs laid by a single individual. For example, within a single clutch, the egg lengths can vary by several centimeters. The high amount of variability is probably due to their large size.
946:, oogen. nov. from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah; pp. 221–223 in S. G. Lucas, J. I. Kirkland, and J. W. Estep (eds.), Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin No. 14.
1309:
Wang Qiang, Zhao Zikui, Wang
Xiaolin, Jiang Yangen, and Zhang Shukang. (2010) "A New Oogenus Of Macroelongatoolithid Eggs From The Upper Cretaceous Chichengshan Formation Of The Tiantai Basin, Zhejiang Province And A Revision Of The Macroelongatoolithids"
390:
533:
The surface ornamentation of the eggshells is variable, even on a single egg. It is usually lineartuberculate (nodes forming linear ridges), ramotuberculate (nodes forming irregular, meandering chains), or dispersituberculate (scattered nodes).
725:-sized animal likely sat on the area devoid of eggs. Tanaka and colleagues pointed out that this adaption was beneficial to avoid egg-crushing and could have allowed some body-contact during incubation in these giant oviraptorosaurs.
530:, the boundary between the continuous layer and the mammillary layer (the inner layer of the eggshell, also called the cone layer) is wavy, but clearly defined. The ratio of the thickness of the two layers varies from 2:1 to 8:1.
1355:
Huh, M., Kim, B. S., Woo, Y., Simon, D. J., Paik, I. S., & Kim, H. J. (2014). First record of a complete giant theropod egg clutch from Upper
Cretaceous deposits, South Korea. Historical Biology, 26(2), 218–228.
1176:
1125:
Simon, D. J.; Varricchio, D. J.; Jin, X.; Robinson, S. F. (2019). "Microstructural overlap of
Macroelongatoolithus eggs from Asia and North America expands the occurrence of colossal oviraptorosaurs".
560:. While it is occasionally classified into a separate oofamily, Macroelongatoolithidae, the general consensus is that it is a member of Elongatoolithidae. Two other oospecies have also been described:
1029:
Zelenitsky DK, Carpenter K, Currie PJ. (2000) "First record of
Elongatoolithid theropod eggshell from North America: the Asian oogenus Macroelongatoolithus from the lower Cretaceous of Utah."
721:
former species, and becomes significantly larger in the latter species. This nest configuration suggest that whereas smallest oviraptorosaurs probably sat directly on the eggs, a large,
955:
Li Y, Yin Z, Liu Y. (1995) "The discovery of a new genus of dinosaur egg from Xixia, Henan, China." Journal of Wuhan
Institute of Chemical Technology 17(1): 38-41. (In Chinese)
526:
s eggshell is divided up into two structural layers, and the outer layer (called the continuous layer) is not divided up into distinct shell units, unlike other oofamilies. In
994:"Giant Dinosaur (theropod) Eggs of the Oogenus Macroelongatoolithus (Elongatoolithidae) from Southeastern Idaho: Taxonomic, Paleobiogeographic, and Reproductive Implications"
1327:
The spinicaudatan
Tylestheria and biostratigraphic significance for the age of dinosaur eggs in the Upper Cretaceous Majiacun Formation, Xixia Basin, Henan Province, China.
1159:
Qian, M. P., Jiang, Y., Jiang, Y. G., Zhang, Y. J., Chen, R., Li, L. M., and Xing, G. F. (2008). "New evidence on fossil eggs of
Cretaceous Tyrannosaurs in eastern China."
1342:
Kim, J. Y., Yang, S. Y., Choi, H. I., Seo, S. J., & Kim, K. S. (2011). Dinosaur eggs from the
Cretaceous Goseong formation of Tongyeong City, southern coast of Korea.
1281:
1059:
Pu, H.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Lü, J.; Currie, P. J.; Carpenter, K.; Xu, L.; Koppelhus, E. B.; Jia, S.; Xiao, L.; Chuang, H.; Li, T.; Kundrát, M.; Shen, C. (2017).
515:
of up to 26 eggs, with the eggs forming a ring 2–3.3 metres (6.6–10.8 ft) in diameter. The shell is typically between 1.38 mm and 4.75 mm thick.
479:
1250:
GSA Field Guide 11: Field Guide to
Plutons, Volcanoes, Faults, Reefs, Dinosaurs, and Possible Glaciation in Selected Areas of Arizona, California, and Nevada
1004:
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Carpenter, K. 1999. Eggs, Nests, and Baby
Dinosaurs: A Look at Dinosaur Reproduction (Life of the Past). Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
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X. Jin, Y. Azuma, F. D. Jackson and D. J. Varricchio. (2007) "Giant dinosaur eggs from the Tiantai basin, Zhejiang province, China."
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Tanaka, K.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Lü, J.; DeBuhr, C. L.; Yi, L.; Jia, S.; Ding, F.; Xia, M.; Liu, D.; Shen, C.; Chen, R. (2018).
1470:
1377:
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Bonde, Varricchio and Jackson, Loope, Shirk, Joshua W., Frankie D. and David J., David B., and Aubrey M. (January 2008).
1480:
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993:
1391:
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595:
616:) on the basis of their huge size, egg shape and microstructural evidence suggests they are eggs of gigantic
810:
1405:
806:
459:, which they placed into a new oofamily, Macroelongatoolithidae. These three oospecies are now considered
374:. They are known from Asia and from North America. Historically, several oospecies have been assigned to
1437:
798:
794:
468:
846:
455:. It was classified in the oofamily Elongatoolithidae. Later in the same year, Wang and Zhou described
1246:"Dinosaurs and dunes! Sedimentology and paleontology of the Mesozoic in the Valley of Fire State Park"
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in the United States indicates that there was likely a giant oviraptorosaur present during the
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1061:"Perinate and eggs of a giant caenagnathid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of central China"
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556:. Several oospecies have been described, but currently they are all considered synonyms of
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was described, based on an embryonic specimen (named "Baby Louie") associated with 6 to 8
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1195:"Incubation behaviours of oviraptorosaur dinosaurs in relation to body size"
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nests were buried in vegetation or sediments. Like other elongatoolithids,
1372:
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Brigham Young University research studies. Geology Series. Geology Studies
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644:), which are largely known for their brooding adult-nest associations,
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Grellet-Tinner, G., Chiappe, L., Norell, M., and Bottjer, D. (2006). "
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Dinosaur eggs and nesting behaviors: a paleobiological investigation.
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716:. Their results showed that eggshell porosity indicates that the
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of numerous oviraptorosaur specimens, including egg clutches of
378:, however they are all now considered to be a single oospecies:
1403:
664:
was laid by large oviraptorosaurs, in this case caenagnathids.
717:
675:
eggs are laid in pairs because the parents had two functional
929:
Jensen J. 1970. Fossil eggs in the lower cretaceous of Utah.
761:. More specifically, it is known in North America from the
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Li, G., Chen, P., Wang, D., & Batten, D. J. (2009). "
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and from Aphae-do in Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do Province.
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While they were once considered to be the eggs of large
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remains, and unique nests. In 2017 the caenagnathid
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868:. Also, the fact that they have been found in both
667:The gas conductance of the eggshells indicate that
1181:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,
880:interchange of fauna between the two continents.
1344:Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea
1001:Doctoral Dissertation, Montana State University
913:, the avian dinosaur that laid the largest egg.
494:Eggshell surface (a) and microstructure (b) of
987:
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8:
1358:https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2014.894998
1280:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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700:In 2018, Kohei Tanaka and team examined the
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656:eggs and partial nest. The discovery of
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845:. It is known in South Korea from the
367:eggs, representing the eggs of giant
7:
1010:from the original on 11 August 2021.
942:Bray, E. S. 1998. Dinosaur eggshell
872:and North America is evidence of an
660:further concludes that the oogenus
1297:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
1252:. Vol. 11. pp. 249–262.
1127:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1032:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
695:American Museum of Natural History
14:
1476:Fossil parataxa described in 1995
805:. In China, it is known from the
435:, which was then classified as a
331:Macroelongatoolithus goseongensis
1385:
1371:
890:
471:, but the name was corrected to
133:
712:configuration and body size to
636:eggs closely resemble those of
552:has a convoluted parataxonomic
304:Macroelongatoolithus xixiaensis
586:Macroelongatoolithus carlylei.
568:, but both are now considered
1:
1139:10.1080/02724634.2018.1553046
457:Longiteresoolithus xixiaensis
296:Longiteresoolithus xixiaensis
123:Naturhistorisches Museum Wien
741:eggs have been found in the
708:, in order to correlate the
578:Megafusoolithus qiaoxiaensis
576:. The oogenus and oospecies
553:
431:was moved to a new oogenus,
284:Megafusoolithus qiaoxiaensis
602:(41HV003-16) nest with eggs
451:, with a single oospecies:
397:nest (MNHM-nat201153) from
316:Macroelongatoolithus zhangi
1507:
1486:Dinosaurs of North America
1313:Acta Paleontologica Sinica
944:Boletuoolithus carlylensis
906:List of dinosaur oogenera
207:
200:
130:Egg fossil classification
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117:
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23:
467:was named first, it has
1258:10.1130/2008.fld011(11)
811:Chichengshan Formations
443:was first described in
16:Oogenus of dinosaur egg
1212:10.1098/rsbl.2018.0135
753:, ranging in age from
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603:
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1471:Dinosaur reproduction
1438:Paleobiology Database
1065:Nature Communications
992:Simon, D. J. (2014).
799:Willow Tank Formation
795:Thomas Fork Formation
686:
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524:Macroelongatoolithus'
498:eggs associated with
493:
393:
1414:Macroelongatoolithus
1393:Macroelongatoolithus
1382:at Wikimedia Commons
1379:Macroelongatoolithus
858:Macroelongatoolithus
835:Zoumagang Formations
797:of Wyoming, and the
739:Macroelongatoolithus
714:incubation behaviour
706:Macroelongatoolithus
673:Macroelongatoolithus
669:Macroelongatoolithus
662:Macroelongatoolithus
654:Macroelongatoolithus
634:Macroelongatoolithus
600:Macroelongatoolithus
550:Macroelongatoolithus
538:Macroelongatoolithus
528:Macroelongatoolithus
508:Macroelongatoolithus
496:Macroelongatoolithus
441:Macroelongatoolithus
395:Macroelongatoolithus
386:History of discovery
376:Macroelongatoolithus
353:Macroelongatoolithus
190:Macroelongatoolithus
119:Macroelongatoolithus
25:Macroelongatoolithus
1331:Cretaceous Research
1086:10.1038/ncomms14952
1077:2017NatCo...814952P
787:Blackleaf Formation
299:Wang and Zhou, 1995
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680:elongatoolithids.
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260:Oospecies synonymy
230:Longiteresoolithus
1481:Dinosaurs of Asia
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1406:Taxon identifiers
1376:Media related to
1333:, 30(2): 477-482.
1267:978-0-8137-0011-3
847:Goseong Formation
819:Zhejiang Province
771:Kelvin Formations
642:Elongatoolithidae
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738:
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734:Distribution
729:Paleoecology
722:
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702:egg clutches
699:
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638:oviraptorids
633:
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118:
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1466:Egg fossils
1003:. Bozeman.
821:, from the
751:South Korea
613:Tarbosaurus
558:M. carlylei
518:Like other
486:Description
403:South Korea
270:carlylensis
1460:Categories
933:17: 51-65.
918:References
878:Cenomanian
658:Beibeilong
650:Beibeilong
623:Beibeilong
580:is also a
570:synonymous
501:Beibeilong
478:to follow
461:synonymous
169:Oofamily:
157:Morphotype
31:Cretaceous
1300:44:81-88.
1276:cite book
1147:191155027
851:Tongyeong
646:embryonic
562:M. zhangi
360:of large
182:Oogenus:
150:Ornithoid
1429:Q6725267
1423:Wikidata
1231:29769301
1105:28486442
1005:Archived
884:See also
831:Majiacun
677:oviducts
513:clutches
476:carlylei
469:priority
411:Oolithes
365:dinosaur
362:theropod
268:Oolithes
202:Synonyms
1222:6012691
1096:5477524
1073:Bibcode
791:Montana
554:history
358:oogenus
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833:, and
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803:Nevada
793:, the
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777:, the
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767:Dakota
749:, and
693:nest,
620:(like
610:(like
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447:by Li
356:is an
311:, 1995
291:, 2010
274:Jensen
222:Bray,
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843:China
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783:Idaho
747:China
572:with
423:. In
336:et al
321:et al
319:Fang
309:et al
289:et al
287:Wang
246:et al
244:Wang
1282:link
1262:ISBN
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1101:PMID
870:Asia
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718:eggs
710:nest
564:and
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445:1995
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