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and thus laid two eggs simultaneously. The nests have unusually large volume of eggs compared to the body size of the parents, which could mean that multiple females would contribute to a single nest. Association of other oviraptorids with their eggs suggests extensive parental care was typical for
731:
of almost certainly all oviraptorosaurs were exposed in the nest without an external covering. Though most oviraptorosaur nests have eggs arranged in a circular fashion, the morphology of the nest is different in smaller and larger species in that the center of the nest is highly reduced in the
521:
eggs are most notable for their large size. They are at least 34 centimetres (13 in) long, but the largest specimens are over 60 centimetres (24 in) long. They are also very elongated, usually roughly three times longer than they are wide. They are often found in large
551:
specimens are extremely variable in size, shape, and microstructure, even in eggs laid by a single individual. For example, within a single clutch, the egg lengths can vary by several centimeters. The high amount of variability is probably due to their large size.
957:, oogen. nov. from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah; pp. 221–223 in S. G. Lucas, J. I. Kirkland, and J. W. Estep (eds.), Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin No. 14.
1320:
Wang Qiang, Zhao Zikui, Wang
Xiaolin, Jiang Yangen, and Zhang Shukang. (2010) "A New Oogenus Of Macroelongatoolithid Eggs From The Upper Cretaceous Chichengshan Formation Of The Tiantai Basin, Zhejiang Province And A Revision Of The Macroelongatoolithids"
401:
544:
The surface ornamentation of the eggshells is variable, even on a single egg. It is usually lineartuberculate (nodes forming linear ridges), ramotuberculate (nodes forming irregular, meandering chains), or dispersituberculate (scattered nodes).
736:-sized animal likely sat on the area devoid of eggs. Tanaka and colleagues pointed out that this adaption was beneficial to avoid egg-crushing and could have allowed some body-contact during incubation in these giant oviraptorosaurs.
541:, the boundary between the continuous layer and the mammillary layer (the inner layer of the eggshell, also called the cone layer) is wavy, but clearly defined. The ratio of the thickness of the two layers varies from 2:1 to 8:1.
1366:
Huh, M., Kim, B. S., Woo, Y., Simon, D. J., Paik, I. S., & Kim, H. J. (2014). First record of a complete giant theropod egg clutch from Upper
Cretaceous deposits, South Korea. Historical Biology, 26(2), 218–228.
1187:
1136:
Simon, D. J.; Varricchio, D. J.; Jin, X.; Robinson, S. F. (2019). "Microstructural overlap of
Macroelongatoolithus eggs from Asia and North America expands the occurrence of colossal oviraptorosaurs".
571:. While it is occasionally classified into a separate oofamily, Macroelongatoolithidae, the general consensus is that it is a member of Elongatoolithidae. Two other oospecies have also been described:
1040:
Zelenitsky DK, Carpenter K, Currie PJ. (2000) "First record of
Elongatoolithid theropod eggshell from North America: the Asian oogenus Macroelongatoolithus from the lower Cretaceous of Utah."
732:
former species, and becomes significantly larger in the latter species. This nest configuration suggest that whereas smallest oviraptorosaurs probably sat directly on the eggs, a large,
966:
Li Y, Yin Z, Liu Y. (1995) "The discovery of a new genus of dinosaur egg from Xixia, Henan, China." Journal of Wuhan
Institute of Chemical Technology 17(1): 38-41. (In Chinese)
537:
s eggshell is divided up into two structural layers, and the outer layer (called the continuous layer) is not divided up into distinct shell units, unlike other oofamilies. In
1005:"Giant Dinosaur (theropod) Eggs of the Oogenus Macroelongatoolithus (Elongatoolithidae) from Southeastern Idaho: Taxonomic, Paleobiogeographic, and Reproductive Implications"
1338:
The spinicaudatan
Tylestheria and biostratigraphic significance for the age of dinosaur eggs in the Upper Cretaceous Majiacun Formation, Xixia Basin, Henan Province, China.
1170:
Qian, M. P., Jiang, Y., Jiang, Y. G., Zhang, Y. J., Chen, R., Li, L. M., and Xing, G. F. (2008). "New evidence on fossil eggs of
Cretaceous Tyrannosaurs in eastern China."
1353:
Kim, J. Y., Yang, S. Y., Choi, H. I., Seo, S. J., & Kim, K. S. (2011). Dinosaur eggs from the
Cretaceous Goseong formation of Tongyeong City, southern coast of Korea.
1292:
1070:
Pu, H.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Lü, J.; Currie, P. J.; Carpenter, K.; Xu, L.; Koppelhus, E. B.; Jia, S.; Xiao, L.; Chuang, H.; Li, T.; Kundrát, M.; Shen, C. (2017).
526:
of up to 26 eggs, with the eggs forming a ring 2–3.3 metres (6.6–10.8 ft) in diameter. The shell is typically between 1.38 mm and 4.75 mm thick.
490:
1261:
GSA Field Guide 11: Field Guide to
Plutons, Volcanoes, Faults, Reefs, Dinosaurs, and Possible Glaciation in Selected Areas of Arizona, California, and Nevada
1015:
1486:
1055:
Carpenter, K. 1999. Eggs, Nests, and Baby
Dinosaurs: A Look at Dinosaur Reproduction (Life of the Past). Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
1256:
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705:
1305:
X. Jin, Y. Azuma, F. D. Jackson and D. J. Varricchio. (2007) "Giant dinosaur eggs from the Tiantai basin, Zhejiang province, China."
145:
1204:
Tanaka, K.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Lü, J.; DeBuhr, C. L.; Yi, L.; Jia, S.; Ding, F.; Xia, M.; Liu, D.; Shen, C.; Chen, R. (2018).
1481:
1388:
133:
1255:
Bonde, Varricchio and Jackson, Loope, Shirk, Joshua W., Frankie D. and David J., David B., and Aubrey M. (January 2008).
1491:
1501:
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1004:
1402:
773:
606:
627:) on the basis of their huge size, egg shape and microstructural evidence suggests they are eggs of gigantic
821:
1416:
817:
470:, which they placed into a new oofamily, Macroelongatoolithidae. These three oospecies are now considered
385:. They are known from Asia and from North America. Historically, several oospecies have been assigned to
1448:
809:
805:
479:
857:
466:. It was classified in the oofamily Elongatoolithidae. Later in the same year, Wang and Zhou described
1257:"Dinosaurs and dunes! Sedimentology and paleontology of the Mesozoic in the Valley of Fire State Park"
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in the United States indicates that there was likely a giant oviraptorosaur present during the
1272:
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1111:
1072:"Perinate and eggs of a giant caenagnathid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of central China"
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567:. Several oospecies have been described, but currently they are all considered synonyms of
872:
837:
789:
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was described, based on an embryonic specimen (named "Baby Louie") associated with 6 to 8
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1206:"Incubation behaviours of oviraptorosaur dinosaurs in relation to body size"
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nests were buried in vegetation or sediments. Like other elongatoolithids,
1383:
942:
Brigham Young University research studies. Geology Series. Geology Studies
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89:
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655:), which are largely known for their brooding adult-nest associations,
368:
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84:
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Grellet-Tinner, G., Chiappe, L., Norell, M., and Bottjer, D. (2006). "
1188:
Dinosaur eggs and nesting behaviors: a paleobiological investigation.
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727:. Their results showed that eggshell porosity indicates that the
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715:
of numerous oviraptorosaur specimens, including egg clutches of
389:, however they are all now considered to be a single oospecies:
1414:
675:
was laid by large oviraptorosaurs, in this case caenagnathids.
728:
686:
eggs are laid in pairs because the parents had two functional
940:
Jensen J. 1970. Fossil eggs in the lower cretaceous of Utah.
772:. More specifically, it is known in North America from the
1336:
Li, G., Chen, P., Wang, D., & Batten, D. J. (2009). "
864:
and from Aphae-do in Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do Province.
617:
While they were once considered to be the eggs of large
1036:
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474:, and generally classified in Elongatoolithidae. Since
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remains, and unique nests. In 2017 the caenagnathid
1423:
879:. Also, the fact that they have been found in both
678:The gas conductance of the eggshells indicate that
1192:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,
891:interchange of fauna between the two continents.
1355:Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea
1012:Doctoral Dissertation, Montana State University
924:, the avian dinosaur that laid the largest egg.
505:Eggshell surface (a) and microstructure (b) of
998:
996:
994:
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8:
1369:https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2014.894998
1291:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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711:In 2018, Kohei Tanaka and team examined the
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667:eggs and partial nest. The discovery of
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856:. It is known in South Korea from the
378:eggs, representing the eggs of giant
7:
1021:from the original on 11 August 2021.
953:Bray, E. S. 1998. Dinosaur eggshell
883:and North America is evidence of an
671:further concludes that the oogenus
1308:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
1263:. Vol. 11. pp. 249–262.
1138:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1043:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
706:American Museum of Natural History
25:
1487:Fossil parataxa described in 1995
816:. In China, it is known from the
446:, which was then classified as a
342:Macroelongatoolithus goseongensis
1396:
1382:
901:
482:, but the name was corrected to
144:
723:configuration and body size to
647:eggs closely resemble those of
563:has a convoluted parataxonomic
315:Macroelongatoolithus xixiaensis
597:Macroelongatoolithus carlylei.
579:, but both are now considered
1:
1150:10.1080/02724634.2018.1553046
468:Longiteresoolithus xixiaensis
307:Longiteresoolithus xixiaensis
134:Naturhistorisches Museum Wien
18:Macroelongatoolithus carlylei
752:eggs have been found in the
719:, in order to correlate the
589:Megafusoolithus qiaoxiaensis
587:. The oogenus and oospecies
564:
442:was moved to a new oogenus,
295:Megafusoolithus qiaoxiaensis
613:(41HV003-16) nest with eggs
462:, with a single oospecies:
408:nest (MNHM-nat201153) from
327:Macroelongatoolithus zhangi
1518:
1497:Dinosaurs of North America
1324:Acta Paleontologica Sinica
955:Boletuoolithus carlylensis
917:List of dinosaur oogenera
218:
211:
141:Egg fossil classification
139:
128:
119:
34:
478:was named first, it has
1269:10.1130/2008.fld011(11)
822:Chichengshan Formations
454:was first described in
27:Oogenus of dinosaur egg
1223:10.1098/rsbl.2018.0135
764:, ranging in age from
708:
614:
515:
416:
1482:Dinosaur reproduction
1449:Paleobiology Database
1076:Nature Communications
1003:Simon, D. J. (2014).
810:Willow Tank Formation
806:Thomas Fork Formation
697:
609:
535:Macroelongatoolithus'
509:eggs associated with
504:
404:
1425:Macroelongatoolithus
1404:Macroelongatoolithus
1393:at Wikimedia Commons
1390:Macroelongatoolithus
869:Macroelongatoolithus
846:Zoumagang Formations
808:of Wyoming, and the
750:Macroelongatoolithus
725:incubation behaviour
717:Macroelongatoolithus
684:Macroelongatoolithus
680:Macroelongatoolithus
673:Macroelongatoolithus
665:Macroelongatoolithus
645:Macroelongatoolithus
611:Macroelongatoolithus
561:Macroelongatoolithus
549:Macroelongatoolithus
539:Macroelongatoolithus
519:Macroelongatoolithus
507:Macroelongatoolithus
452:Macroelongatoolithus
406:Macroelongatoolithus
397:History of discovery
387:Macroelongatoolithus
364:Macroelongatoolithus
201:Macroelongatoolithus
130:Macroelongatoolithus
36:Macroelongatoolithus
1342:Cretaceous Research
1097:10.1038/ncomms14952
1088:2017NatCo...814952P
798:Blackleaf Formation
310:Wang and Zhou, 1995
709:
691:elongatoolithids.
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516:
417:
271:Oospecies synonymy
241:Longiteresoolithus
1492:Dinosaurs of Asia
1464:
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1417:Taxon identifiers
1387:Media related to
1344:, 30(2): 477-482.
1278:978-0-8137-0011-3
858:Goseong Formation
830:Zhejiang Province
782:Kelvin Formations
653:Elongatoolithidae
426:was described in
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16:(Redirected from
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818:Liangtoutang
749:
748:
745:Distribution
740:Paleoecology
733:
716:
713:egg clutches
710:
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683:
679:
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649:oviraptorids
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380:caenagnathid
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132:eggs in the
129:
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35:
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1477:Egg fossils
1014:. Bozeman.
832:, from the
762:South Korea
624:Tarbosaurus
569:M. carlylei
529:Like other
497:Description
414:South Korea
281:carlylensis
1471:Categories
944:17: 51-65.
929:References
889:Cenomanian
669:Beibeilong
661:Beibeilong
634:Beibeilong
591:is also a
581:synonymous
512:Beibeilong
489:to follow
472:synonymous
180:Oofamily:
168:Morphotype
42:Cretaceous
1311:44:81-88.
1287:cite book
1158:191155027
862:Tongyeong
657:embryonic
573:M. zhangi
371:of large
193:Oogenus:
161:Ornithoid
1440:Q6725267
1434:Wikidata
1242:29769301
1116:28486442
1016:Archived
895:See also
842:Majiacun
688:oviducts
524:clutches
487:carlylei
480:priority
422:Oolithes
376:dinosaur
373:theropod
279:Oolithes
213:Synonyms
1233:6012691
1107:5477524
1084:Bibcode
802:Montana
565:history
369:oogenus
1275:
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885:Albian
844:, and
834:Gaogou
814:Nevada
804:, the
796:, the
788:, the
780:, and
778:Dakota
760:, and
704:nest,
631:(like
621:(like
460:et al.
458:by Li
367:is an
322:, 1995
302:, 2010
285:Jensen
233:Bray,
1454:98798
1154:S2CID
1019:(PDF)
1008:(PDF)
860:near
854:China
838:Sigou
794:Idaho
758:China
583:with
434:. In
347:et al
332:et al
330:Fang
320:et al
300:et al
298:Wang
257:et al
255:Wang
1293:link
1273:ISBN
1238:PMID
1112:PMID
881:Asia
820:and
786:Utah
729:eggs
721:nest
575:and
491:ICZN
456:1995
436:1998
428:1970
351:2011
345:Kim
336:2000
289:1970
261:2010
246:1995
235:1998
55:PreꞒ
1265:doi
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637:or
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