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Kawakawa leaves are about 5–10 cm long by 6–12 cm wide; they are opposite to each other, broadly rounded with a short drawn-out tip and are heart-shaped at their bases. The leaves are deep green in colour if growing in the forest, but may be yellowish-green in more open situations.
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The flowers are produced on greenish, erect spikes 2.5–7.5 cm long. Kawakawa flowers are quite minute and very closely placed around the spike. After pollination the flowers gradually swell and become fleshy to form small, berry-like fruits that are yellow to bright orange.
378:. An infusion made from the leaves or roots was used or its leaves were chewed to relieve toothache, and wounds were often bound in kawakawa leaves. The sweet edible yellow berries (most often found in summer on female trees) of the plant were eaten as a
450:, in memory of the kava plants they undoubtedly brought with them and unsuccessfully attempted to cultivate. The Māori word kawa also means "ceremonial protocol", recalling the stylised consumption of the drug typical of Polynesian societies."
445:
properties. It is most likely not a coincidence that this plant has a similar name to kawakawa. One source stated: "In New
Zealand, where the climate is too cold for kava, the Māori gave the name kawa-kawa to another Piperaceae,
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It has also been surmised that when Māori first came to New
Zealand, they named the plant 'Kawakawa' because they recognised that the plant was a close relative of
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Early
European settlers to New Zealand used kawakawa in teas, and experimented using it as a flavouring agent in beer. It is commonly grown as an
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species also occur in tropical
Polynesia, it is more likely they simply applied the name of those plants to the New Zealand variety. In the
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Kava is a traditional plant and beverage of the South
Pacific. The roots of the plant are used to produce a drink with medicinal,
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Each berry cluster is the size of a small finger. Ripening period is
January and February. These fruits are favoured by
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is very similar in appearance to the New
Zealand species, and is also used in traditional medicine in the Cook Islands.
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382:. Traditionally, leaves with holes that had been eaten by caterpillars were considered the best to use.
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Kava: The
Pacific Elixir: The Definitive Guide to Its Ethnobotany, History, and Chemistry
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393:, both hosts and guests may wear wreaths of kawakawa on the head as a sign of mourning.
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677:, Ngā Tipu Whakaoranga - Māori Plant Use Database, Landcareresearch.co.nz
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Kawakawa is sometimes called "Māori kava" and is often confused with the
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The leaves are often covered with holes caused by the caterpillar of the
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Kawakawa, In: The
Encyclopedia of Alternative & Natural Medicine
617:"Piper excelsum G.Forst. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
774:
Lebot, Vincent; Merlin, Mark; Lindstrom, Lamont (1 February 1997).
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is known as 'Kavakava-atua'; in Samoa it is called 'Ava'ava-aitu'.
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657:. New York & London: Univ. Columbia Press. p. 409.
696:. Auckland: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. pp. 24–27.
466:, where it refers to the bitter taste of the leaves, from
231:) of the pepper family (Piperaceae) and commonly known as
1082:
834:
389:wave leaves of kawakawa to welcome guests. At a
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685:
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542:Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia
316:which has larger and more glossy leaves than
8:
400:in gardens. Kawakawa essential oil contains
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301:. The tree grows to 20 feet (6.1 m).
235:, is a small tree of which the subspecies
47:
38:
1311:Plants used in traditional Māori medicine
753:New Zealand Plant Conservation Network:
30:Not to be confused with the kawakawa or
605:
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385:In cultural contexts, host people of a
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408:when consumed in high concentrations.
640:Forster, G. (1786) Fl. Ins. Austr.: 5
7:
1201:d3257002-1309-4c55-9e41-028bfa32157e
1020:2bb1e6e9-8ec8-4984-8fc9-33d2cfe779de
780:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co.
769:
767:
297:(43.5 °S) on the east coast of the
25:
312:). The images depict the variety
281:Kawakawa is found throughout the
1227:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:677740-1
1046:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:681346-1
804:
519:
507:
498:
489:
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60:
668:"Macropiper excelsum. Kawakawa"
653:Carlquist, Dr. Sherwin (1974).
1:
360:Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
741:"Tangihanga – death customs"
1331:Taxa named by Georg Forster
372:traditional medicinal plant
1347:
621:Plants of the World Online
514:leaves and fruiting spikes
29:
1316:Flora of Lord Howe Island
352:Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae
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188:
171:
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57:Scientific classification
55:
46:
41:
1326:Plants described in 1786
692:Vennell, Robert (2019).
568:is made in the tropical
1281:Magnoliids of Australia
1276:Flora of Norfolk Island
564:, the plant from which
370:Kawakawa was used as a
350:or New Zealand pigeon (
572:. However, given that
412:Relationship with kava
285:, and as far south as
1291:Trees of New Zealand
813:at Wikimedia Commons
694:The Meaning of Trees
306:kawakawa looper moth
208:Methysticum excelsum
1084:Macropiper excelsum
229:Macropiper excelsum
227:(formerly known as
198:Macropiper excelsum
18:Macropiper excelsum
1296:Trees of Australia
673:2016-08-11 at the
289:(43.20 °S) on the
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1209:Open Tree of Life
1028:Open Tree of Life
828:Taxon identifiers
809:Media related to
703:978-1-77554-130-1
562:Piper methysticum
423:Piper methysticum
310:Cleora scriptaria
251:; the subspecies
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16:(Redirected from
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624:. Retrieved
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1160:iNaturalist
953:iNaturalist
860:Wikispecies
626:26 November
470:or bitter.
454:Common name
448:P. excelsum
443:entheogenic
318:P. excelsum
277:Description
258:psittacorum
249:New Zealand
237:P. excelsum
211:(G.Forst.)
201:(G.Forst.)
100:Angiosperms
1270:Categories
728:Q118646408
720:1088638115
712:2019403535
600:References
439:euphoriant
435:anesthetic
402:myristicin
291:West Coast
133:Piperaceae
113:Magnoliids
984:161483118
851:Q21306444
582:Marquesas
458:The name
406:deliriant
151:Species:
123:Piperales
70:Kingdom:
42:Kawakawa
1240:25000001
1235:Tropicos
1178:677740-1
1099:Q6725539
1093:Wikidata
1059:50218074
1054:Tropicos
1005:NSWFlora
971:681346-1
845:Wikidata
759:excelsum
743:, Te Ara
724:Wikidata
671:Archived
580:and the
536:See also
460:kawakawa
431:sedative
380:diuretic
269:and the
241:excelsum
233:kawakawa
190:Synonyms
182:G.Forst.
129:Family:
1152:7305062
1033:1091996
945:4183998
757:subsp.
570:Pacific
474:Gallery
420:plant (
374:of the
342:Berries
333:Flowers
287:Ōkārito
256:subsp.
245:endemic
239:subsp.
213:A.Lyons
139:Genus:
119:Order:
74:Plantae
1301:Spices
1214:383267
1198:NZOR:
1191:130373
1165:414830
1126:620289
1017:NZOR:
997:286065
958:404899
893:664471
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530:119988
441:, and
354:) and
348:kererū
324:Leaves
293:, and
1139:72S9K
1113:58265
927:FoAO2
919:PIPEX
906:4J42C
880:80642
574:Piper
548:Notes
391:tangi
387:marae
376:Māori
314:majus
254:P. e.
144:Piper
107:Clade
94:Clade
81:Clade
1222:POWO
1186:NCBI
1173:IPNI
1147:GBIF
1121:BOLD
1108:APNI
1041:POWO
992:NCBI
979:IUCN
966:IPNI
940:GBIF
914:EPPO
888:BOLD
875:APNI
782:ISBN
716:OCLC
708:LCCN
698:ISBN
628:2019
566:kava
468:kawa
418:kava
404:, a
366:Uses
203:Miq.
1248:WFO
1134:CoL
1067:WFO
901:CoL
526:AM
362:).
356:tūī
247:to
243:is
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766:^
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358:(
308:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
