Banks Peninsula - Knowledge (XXG)

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the South Island. The French colonists arrived in Akaroa Harbour on 18 August and established a settlement centred on the present-day site of Akaroa. Given that the French colonists had set out for New Zealand on the assumption that they owned the land, the New Zealand authorities made a grant of 30,000 acres to the Nanto-Bordelaise Company, which ceded all rights to the peninsula for £4,500.

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and then ascend Mount Herbert (919 metres) before descending to the Port Levy Saddle. From here it is a short walk to the second overnight stay at Rod Donald Hut. The third day takes in Mount Fitzgerald (826 metres) and Mount Sinclair (841 metres). The track then descends past a 2000 year old giant tōtara in Montgomery Park Scenic Reserve before finishing near the Hilltop tavern on

1036: 960: 947: 64: 737:. There were 3,747 households. There were 4,374 males and 4,476 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.98 males per female. The median age was 48.4 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 1,410 people (15.9%) aged under 15 years, 999 (11.3%) aged 15 to 29, 4,710 (53.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,728 (19.5%) aged 65 or older. 1155:

A significant rain storm in December 2021 caused damage to the access road to Goughs Bay, with a number of slips making the road impassable. Five weeks later, the road was still closed because of the 34 slips blocking the access road. A report into the Christchurch City Council response to the damage

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Pigeon Bay has a walking track which follows the eastern side of Pigeon bay out to the head of the bay. It takes about 4 or 5 hours to walk there and back. It has spectacular coastal views. There are a number of holiday homes in Pigeon bay as well as a yacht club and a camping ground. Pigeon Bay most

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The Te Ara Pātaka (Summit walkway) is a three day tramp that can start at multiple places. The longest routes start either at Gebbies Pass or Kaituna Valley and go to Sign of the Packhorse Hut on the first day. On the second day, trampers follow a track crossing just below Mount Bradley (855 metres)

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Tumbledown Bay is considered one of the best beaches near Christchurch. Most people are put off by the drive to get there, hence it is usually very quiet. Tumbledown bay has supported a large Māori population in pre-European times. Numerous archaeological digs have uncovered artefacts including tool

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as the bay was then claimed by Te Ruahikihiki for Ngāi Tahu. He made his claim when he landed at Wainui and dug for fern roots there. (This was one of the many traditional ways to claim land). In Ngāi Tahu legend, Tuhiraki (Mt Bossu) which lies behind Wainui, is the resting place of the kō (digging

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Tumbledown bay, was named as a result of the actions of Billy Simpson, who working on sailing boats in the area as early as 1836. He was instructed to collect a case of alcohol from a local whaling station. On his return, he sat down in the bay and had a drink or two. On getting up he succeeded in

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They (in 2020) are raising money to purchase 500ha of land including the summits of Mt Herbert/Te Ahu Pātiki and Mt Bradley with the intention to set up a conservation park protecting and restoring native biodiversity. The land is currently farmland but over time the trust intends to return it to

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The Summit Road forms a notable feature on the peninsula. The road included portions of the early tracks that were built to move cattle around (e.g. the 15 mile track from Akaroa to Pigeon Bay completed in 1844). Much of the construction was completed in the 1880s with more work carried out in the

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to Akaroa with police magistrates on board. While Langlois and his colonists sheltered from unfavourable winds at Pigeon Bay on the other side of the peninsula, the British raised their flag at Greens Point between Akaroa and Takapūneke and courts of law convened to assert British sovereignty over

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and crew during Cook's first circumnavigation of New Zealand. Cook described the land as "of a circular figure ... of a very broken uneven surface and more the appearance of barrenness than fertility." Deceived by the outline of higher land behind the peninsula, Cook mistook it for an island and

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is a Christchurch swimming beach with a number of holiday houses lining the bay. Originally, it was known as Vincent's Bay as a result of a Captain John Vincent wrecking his schooner in the bay. It became known as Taylors Mistake in 1853 after another ship wreck in the bay. This time, a Captain

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Pōhatu / Flea Bay has large colonies of penguins and seals living there, It is home to the Pōhatu Marine Reserve. The Marine Reserve is home to many fish species including triplefins, lumpfish, moki, butterfish, spotties, banded wrasse, blue cod, leather jackets, lobsters, pāua and rockfish.

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Of those at least 15 years old, 2,400 (32.3%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 804 (10.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $ 36,000, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 3,807 (51.2%) people were employed

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Estimates suggest that native forest once covered 98% of the peninsula. However, Māori and European settlers successively denuded the forest cover and less than 2% remains today, although some reforestation has started. European settlers have planted many English trees, notably

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on a French South Island of New Zealand. By the time Langlois and his colonists arrived at Banks Peninsula in August 1840, many Māori had already signed the Treaty of Waitangi (the signatories including two chiefs at Akaroa in May) and New Zealand's first British Governor,

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which supplied provisions to Akaroa and the Peninsula in the early 1840s. A third explanation is that it was named after Charlie Laveroux, a Frenchman who ended up marooned at the bay by bad weather during a hunting trip. The Māori name for the peak is Ōtepatotu.

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often frolic. First known as Bones bay in 1845, it became known as Le Bons Bay. It is suggested that this was either that a French settler named Le Bon lived there, or that early French settlers called it "The good bay" or that it is a corruption of Bones bay.

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Magnet Bay is known as a spot to go surfing. It has an exposed reef and point break. These provide reasonably consistent surf all year around. The bay is known in Māori as Makara and a pa existed in the bay at one stage. Magnet Bay is named after the

568:, has been established on the peninsula to allow for native forest to regenerate on land that was once farmed. It was established in 1987 and now spans 1250 hectares of native bush. it has 40 km of walking tracks through the native bush. 3621: 1001:

is named "little" to distinguish it from Akaroa. It was spelt Hakaroa until 1864. Feral goats have been a problem in Little Akaloa but a successful cull of them in early 2019 is helping eradication efforts on Banks Peninsula.

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and William Cudden established a timber mill in Le Bons Bay in 1857. By 1878, the population of Le Bons Bay reached 237. At this stage, the timber had all been milled and the timber mill was moved to Hickory Bay until 1886.

309:. The Māori name for the peninsula is Te Pātaka o Rākaihautū (The Storehouse of Rākaihautū) in recognition of his deeds and the abundance of mahinga kai (foods of the forests, sea, rivers and skies). They were followed by 800:

In 1856, the Wainui Māori Reserve was established and set aside 432 acres for the Ngāi Tarewa Hapū of Ngāi Tahu. In the 1857 census, there was 40 people living there but by 1861, this had declined to 20 people.

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The Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust are also involved in developing Te Ara Pātaka, also known as the Summit Walkway. They have also been involved in providing tramping huts (Rod Donald Hut and Ōtamahua Hut on

1491:. It then ascends to Hilltop before turning off and following the summit road, climbing Duvauchelle peak and descending Long Bays Road into Akaroa. It has been won by three times by Mark Bailey and 740:

Ethnicities were 93.1% European/Pākehā, 8.3% Māori, 1.3% Pacific peoples, 3.1% Asian, and 2.0% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities).

357:, corrected Cook's charts by determining that "Banks Island" was in fact a peninsula. His first officer, William Stewart, charted this area of the coast. Pegasus Bay is named after their vessel. 193:

of New Zealand. It has an area of approximately 1,200 square kilometres (450 sq mi) and encompasses two large harbours and many smaller bays and coves. The South Island's largest city,

1390:(755 metres) and Lavericks Bay could have been named after several people. George Laverick was an early settler in the area. It could also have been named after Captain Laverick of the schooner 1063:

Hickory Bay is known as having a beach that provides good surfing. It is east facing. It is known in Māori as Waikerikikari, the Bay of Angry Waters, and was never permanently settled by Māori.

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which bluster across the plains, covers the northern and western flanks of the peninsula. The portion of crater rim lying between Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō and Christchurch city forms the

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Farming around Little Akaloa is a mainstay of the economy. with accommodation providers being a second. Camping at the Little Akaloa Domain is popular in summer. The beach has a boat ramp.

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The annual 100 km road cycling race from Cathedral Square in Christchurch to Akaroa traverses Banks Peninsula. The course climbs up Dyers Pass road, follows the summit road along the

1348:(841m) befits its descriptive name. The French settlers named it Pitou Comete and the Māori named it Puwaitaha or Ka Mokaikai. Near the summit is a spring known as Te Wai-o-hine-puariari 1144:

In 2021, funding was put aside to protect and fence the upper Goughs Bay stream catchment. The aims were to exclude stock, allow native bush to regenerate and improve the water quality.

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Although some people objected to giving their religion, 58.9% had no religion, 29.0% were Christian, 0.3% were Hindu, 0.5% were Muslim, 0.7% were Buddhist and 3.4% had other religions.

242:(Lyttelton formed first, then Akaroa), and the smaller Mt Herbert Volcanic Group. These formed due to intraplate volcanism between approximately eleven and eight million years ago ( 3333: 1219:

Bay is one of the bigger bays on the south west coast of Banks Peninsula. Multiple spellings of Peraki have existed. It was home to a whaling station in the 1830s and 1840s.

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Following the major earthquakes of 2010 and 2011, which affected Christchurch and Lyttelton (the harbour serving Christchurch), cruise ships were diverted to Akaroa Harbour.

1320:, the second tallest peak on Banks Peninsula at 855m was named after Reginald Robert Bradley who farmed at Charteris Bay from 1858 and also was the vicar of the Parish of 2350: 2312: 2997: 464:

outgrew Akaroa, which is now a holiday resort and cruise ship destination and has retained many French influences as well as many of its nineteenth-century buildings.

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native bush. In May 2021, the money was raised to purchase the land. The Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust plans to upgrade fencing and remove feral grazing animals.

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Goughs Bay was home to a pā in the 1820s with around 100 people living there. The residents were fugitives from the Kai Huānga feud. In 1830 the pā was attacked by

28: 575:(2.42 km), designated in 1980, Wairewa Stewardship Area (6.51 km), designated in 1987, and Palm Gully Scenic Reserve (1.11 km), designated in 1989. 246:) on a continental crust. The peninsula formed as offshore islands, with the volcanoes reaching to about 1,500 m above sea level. Two dominant craters formed 3373: 3279: 539:

the other section runs around the crater rim of Akaroa Harbour from 'Hill Top' – the junction with the main Christchurch-Akaroa highway – to a point above Akaroa.

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Le Bons Bay has a large often empty beach. There is a small settlement of holiday houses. It is surrounded by rolling hills. A river empties into the sea where

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at 841m was named after Captain Francis Sinclair who lived at Holmes Bay. He drowned in 1846 when sailing from Banks Peninsula to Wellington in his schooner

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is a small town which sits at the end of the Little River Rail Trail. There are several art galleries, a camp ground, rugby club and primary school there.

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Hampton, S.J.; J.W. Cole (March 2009). "Lyttelton Volcano, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand: Primary volcanic landforms and eruptive centre identification".

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Captain Langlois celebrated his "purchase" of Banks Peninsula on 9 August 1840 by raising the French flag and conducting a 101 gun salute at Pigeon Bay.

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Banks Peninsula forms the most prominent volcanic feature of the South Island, similar to — but more than twice as large as — the older Dunedin volcano (

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UNEP-WCMC (2020). Protected Area Profile for New Zealand from the World Database of Protected Areas, October 2020. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net

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allowing all the bottles to tumble down the hillside and break hence the naming. The earliest reference to the name of Tumbledown bay occurred in 1842.

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Wainui can mean 'big water' or 'big river' or 'big bay'. Wainui was once home to a large Ngāti Māmoe settlement. Wainui has important associations for

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chiefs. A deposit of commodities in the value of £6 was paid and a further £234 worth of commodities was to be paid at a later period. He returned to

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Goughs Bay is most likely named after a whaler, Walter Gough, who was put ashore at the bay in 1836 after an attempted mutiny on the whaling barque

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visited Pigeon Bay towards the end of August 1840 conducting the first hydrographic survey and reinforcing British sovereignty of Banks Peninsula.

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He lived there in the Māori community for many years. Goughs Bay was first referenced in 1858 when Elie Bauriaud, who originally arrived on the

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pā (known as Parakākāriki) and an ancient Māori burial ground, Ōtanerito Bay possibly means "the place of Tane, the fertile one". Home to the

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William Stewart, on board the Pegasus, surveys ... and to affirm that Banks Peninsula is a peninsula and not an island as Cook had suggested.

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is the most north facing of the bays on Banks Peninsula. It has been visited by Europeans since the 1820s and known as Koukourarata in Māori.

3492: 2718: 2666: 426:, had declared British sovereignty over the whole of New Zealand. On hearing of the French plan for colonisation, Hobson quickly dispatched 2067: 411:, of which he became a part-owner. On 9 March 1840 he set sail for New Zealand with a group of French and German families aboard the ship 528:

1930s, the road is in two sections (both of which have views of the area, as well as parks, walkways, and other recreational features):

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would make a good settlement to service whaling ships and made a provisional purchase of land in "the greater Banks Peninsula" from 12

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The Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust aims to improve public walking and biking access and enhance biodiversity on Banks Peninsula.

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In 2011, the Christchurch earthquakes of Feb and June had their epicentres in the Port Hills, significantly affecting communities.

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During the 1840s, the peninsula and the Canterbury Plains beyond were considered for colonisation, but it took until 1848 for the

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to the rocky cliffs of Banks Peninsula. While Sumner is politically and socially considered a suburb of Christchurch, the high

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A moonfish (150 cm long) washed up on the beach at Little Akaloa in 2013. They are more commonly found further north.

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Murihiku: A History of the South Island of New Zealand and the Islands Adjacent and Lying to the South, from 1642 to 1835

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Banks Peninsula Conservation Trust was formed in 2001. It works to conserve and enhance the biodiversity and encourage

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caused by the storm highlighted areas for improvement in how the Christchurch City Council responds to emergencies.

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A post office was established in 1874, telephone office in 1875, school in 1885 and Presbyterian Church in 1911.

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Goughs Bay is a surfing location with an exposed beach break that provides consistent surf throughout the year.

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Other protected areas on the peninsula include Ellangowan Scenic Reserve (3.14 km), designated in 1973,

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The Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery, vol. I:The Voyage of the Endeavour 1768–1771

846:, rather that coastal bays of Banks Peninsula. Working around the coast from north to south one encounters: 734: 730: 726: 277:. These plains reach their widest point where they meet the hilly sub-region of Banks Peninsula. A layer of 206: 3797: 3723: 2141: 3820: 3089: 2867: 2570: 1504: 1051: 1044: 843: 457: 442: 3792: 3782: 1096: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3921: 2037: 1433: 874: 603: 599: 595:

species. Eco-tourism based around the playful dolphins has now become a significant industry in Akaroa.

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Ogilvie Gordon (2017). Place Names of Banks Peninsula and the Port Hills, Canterbury University Press.

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There are two small islets at the entrance of the bay named Jachin and Boaz (after the pillars to the

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Model of Banks Peninsula, showing the mountainous nature otherwise atypical of the Christchurch area.

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There are a number of historic churches in the valleys and bays of Banks Peninsula. These include

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Climate data for Banks Peninsula (Le Bons Bay), elevation 238 m (781 ft), (1991–2020)

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Banks Peninsula includes numerous hills or mountains. Named peaks over 700 metres high include:

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stick) of Rakaihautū. He used this digging stick to dig out many of the South Island lakes.

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Banks Peninsula Ward of Christchurch City Council, which encompasses the area south of the

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John Stewart. It was partly as a result of this massacre that the British authorities sent

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is a 31 km circular route which starts in Akaroa and visits Flea Bay, Stony Bay and

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The Ellangowan Scenic Reserve walk is located just below the Summit road in Hickory Bay.

298: 3570:"The Vegetation of Banks Peninsula, with a List of Species (Flowering-plants and Ferns)" 2843:"Banks Peninsula – Hickory Bay Surf Forecast and Surf Reports (Canterbury, New Zealand)" 1989: 3708: 3517: 3294:"Banks Peninsula – Magnet Bay Surf Forecast and Surf Reports (Canterbury, New Zealand)" 3216: 2063: 1201: 607: 565: 434: 423: 251: 2921:"Banks Peninsula – Gough Bay Surf Forecast and Surf Reports (Canterbury, New Zealand)" 2376: 587:, surrounds much of the peninsula. This has the principal aim of the conservation of 4088: 4073: 3985: 3807: 3771: 3718: 2971:

Walton, Jonathan Guildford, Lee Kenny, Hanna McCallum and Steven (15 December 2021).

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centres on Pōhatu / Flea Bay on the south-east side of the peninsula and the larger

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Banks Peninsula has a roughly circular shape, with many bays and two deep harbours.

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The proportion of people born overseas was 26.8%, compared with 27.1% nationally.

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McNab, Robert (1909). "CHAPTER XIII. — Stewart Island Exploited, 1809 and 1810".

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The first European sighting of the peninsula was on 17 February 1770 by Captain

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likely gained its name from early whalers seeing the large number of pigeons (

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on Banks Peninsula. Work being undertaken in 2020 included work to protect

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Akaroa Harbour, Banks Peninsula with storm clouds overhead (December 2020)

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full-time, 1,383 (18.6%) were part-time, and 135 (1.8%) were unemployed.

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is the tallest point on Banks Peninsula at 919 metres (3,014 ft).

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Wainui is a settlement of mostly holiday houses on the Akaroa harbour.

679: 592: 388: 317: 243: 3387: 1232:(dog), tuatara, penguin, kiwi, kererū and moa remains in the middens. 3866: 3692: 1250:(a 98 ton schooner) was wrecked on the cliffs next to Tumbledown Bay. 1216: 1204:

is one of the two large harbours on Banks Peninsula. The other being

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This article is about the region in New Zealand. For other uses, see

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cliffs and the post of volcanic rock on the beach, known locally as

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to survey the surrounding plains and prepare for the arrival of the

3012:"Canterbury Bays cut off as torrential rain causes flooding damage" 2453:. Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Banks Peninsula Ward (06016). 467:

Historic harbour defence works dating from 1874 onwards survive at

261:(an extensive and high mountain range caused by the meeting of the 4046: 3891: 1455: 1447: 1418: 1325: 1278: 1265: 1252: 1243:). These were thought to have been named by Bishop George Selwyn. 1192: 1034: 1015: 989: 958: 945: 926: 888: 278: 218: 210: 173: 161: 145: 2169:"A frontier of chaos? Page 5 – Captain Stewart and the Elizabeth" 1328:. His oldest son, Orton Bradley, took over the farm which became 931:

Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō and Ōtamahua / Quail Island (2016)

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at night time. Taylors Mistake is known as Te One-poto in Māori.

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Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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Banks Peninsula and Christchurch, in a 2021 NASA satellite photo

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The Church of the Protection of the Mother of God, Le Bons Bay

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trees will be protected as well as a range of native animals.

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is a small town which sits at the head of the Akaroa harbour.

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is a harbour within Banks Peninsula. Within the harbour lies

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Farming has been a traditional industry on Banks Peninsula.

3543:"CliFlo – National Climate Database : Le Bons Bay Aws" 3542: 391:

bases were established on Banks Peninsula. In 1838 Captain

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settlers of the area now known as Banks Peninsula were the

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marks the coastal transition from the long sandy beach of

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one section runs along the crest of the Port Hills from

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Church of the Epiphany, Anglican church, Gebbies Valley

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Several sites off the coast of the peninsula serve for

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Banks Peninsula Ward had a population of 8,850 at the

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The Canterbury Plains formed from the erosion of the

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Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga

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St John the Evangelist Catholic church, Little River

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A large Marine Mammal Sanctuary, mainly restricting

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Onuku Anglican Church, The Kaik, Onuku Road, Akaroa

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St John the Evangelist Anglican church, Duvauchelle

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The location of Banks Peninsula in the South Island

3592:. Christchurch, N.Z: Canterbury University Press. 1530:St John the Evangelist Anglican church, Okains Bay 1172:since 1987. Ōtanerito Bay also formed part of the 662:, covers 973.13 km (375.73 sq mi). 350:away to the south without exploring more closely. 3320:Place Names of Banks Peninsula and the Port Hills 3251:Place Names of Banks Peninsula and the Port Hills 2804:Place Names of Banks Peninsula and the Port Hills 2693:"'Huge' fish attracts attention in Little Akaloa" 2628:Place Names of Banks Peninsula and the Port Hills 2532:Place Names of Banks Peninsula and the Port Hills 2492:Place Names of Banks Peninsula and the Port Hills 2270:Place Names of Banks Peninsula and the Port Hills 2069:Taka: a vignette life of William Tucker 1784–1817 1020:A light aircraft lands on the beach at Okains Bay 733:, and an increase of 684 people (8.4%) since the 2188: 2186: 2044:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 253–257. 2456:2018 Census place summary: Banks Peninsula Ward 2377:"Projects Landing Page « Rod Donald Trust" 1300:. One person lost their life in the shipwreck. 281:, a rather unstable fine silt deposited by the 2745:"Living large in a tiny home in Little Akaloa" 2445: 2443: 2281: 2279: 1545:St Kentigern's Anglican Church, Kaituna Valley 1342:. In Māori, Mt Sinclair is known as Tarawera. 3647: 3221:Discover The Delights Of Peeling Back History 2575:Discover The Delights Of Peeling Back History 2345: 2343: 1228:fragments, fish hooks, oven stones and seal, 1093:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies 729:, an increase of 615 people (7.5%) since the 353:In 1809, Captain Samuel Chase, in the sealer 8: 2996:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2451:"Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census" 2032: 2030: 1270:Te Oka Bay (left) and Tumbledown Bay (right) 994:The turnoff to Little Akaloa (December 2020) 665: 189:of volcanic origin on the east coast of the 16:Peninsula south of Christchurch, New Zealand 2818:"Hickory Bay | Surf Seeker | NZ Surf Guide" 2494:. New Zealand: Canterbury University Press. 364:was sacked, and the local Ngāi Tahu chief, 3654: 3640: 3632: 3372:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3278:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2194:"French colonists in Akaroa, South Island" 2015:. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand 1944:Gair, Harry (1966). "Banks Peninsula". In 1587: 1103:this issue before removing this message. 664: 320:Ngāi Tūhaitara, who arrived in the 1730s. 3627:Map of Banks Peninsula ward, Christchurch 3616:Banks Peninsula District census results: 3268:. Christchurch, New Zealand. p. 222. 2571:"The Red Rocks Of Te Ngarara – Port Levy" 1569:St Andrew's Anglican Church, Little River 197:, is immediately north of the peninsula. 1939: 1937: 1575:St Andrew's Anglican Church, Le Bons Bay 1563:St Cuthbert's Anglican Church, Allandale 1551:St Luke's Anglican Church, Little Akaloa 853: 137: 88:of all important aspects of the article. 2946:"Goughs Bay fantastic for conservation" 2257:. New Zealand: Penguin. pp. 170–1. 1933: 901:Samuel Taylor wrecked his cutter named 115: 3497:ketechristchurch.peoplesnetworknz.info 3365: 3271: 2989: 2485: 2483: 2111:(18). The New Zealand Map Society: 9. 1566:St Peter's Anglican Church, Teddington 1423:Hilltop Tavern, Banks Peninsula (1973) 858:Sumner Bay from Rapanui to Scarborough 84:Please consider expanding the lead to 3460: 3458: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 2890: 2888: 2797: 2795: 2768: 2766: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2163: 2161: 333:named it "Banks Island" in honour of 7: 1557:St Paul's Anglican Church, Port Levy 1554:Knox Presbyterian Church, Pigeon Bay 1548:Wainui Presbyterian Community Church 1536:St Patrick's Catholic Church, Akaroa 166:European ships, possibly French, in 4125:Tourist attractions in Christchurch 1542:Trinity Presbyterian Church, Akaroa 1097:create a more balanced presentation 387:During the 1830s, several European 4115:Landforms of the Canterbury Region 3590:Natural History of Banks Peninsula 2255:The Penguin History of New Zealand 1539:St Peter's Anglican Church, Akaroa 1487:before descending Gebbies Pass to 634:Banks Peninsula Conservation Trust 417:, with the intention of forming a 14: 3518:"Banks Peninsula – Anglican Life" 3334:"Banks Peninsula tramping tracks" 2072:. Port Daniel Press. p. 49. 360:In 1830, the Māori settlement at 297:According to tradition the first 3196:my.christchurchcitylibraries.com 3094:my.christchurchcitylibraries.com 2900:my.christchurchcitylibraries.com 2896:"Ōkururu / Ōkaruru — Goughs Bay" 2872:my.christchurchcitylibraries.com 2510:my.christchurchcitylibraries.com 1452:Sign of the Packhorse Hut (2020) 1078: 614:Rod Donald Banks Peninsula Trust 395:, a French whaler, decided that 114: 107: 62: 21:Banks Peninsula (disambiguation) 4130:Whaling stations in New Zealand 4105:Shield volcanoes of New Zealand 3413:"Greater Banks Peninsula Walks" 2109:New Zealand Map Society Journal 1951:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 305:led by their founding ancestor 76:may be too short to adequately 3438:"Te Ara Pātaka/Summit Walkway" 3360:Place Names of Banks Peninsula 3266:Place Names of Banks Peninsula 3090:"Ōtanerito Bay (Parakākāriki)" 2011:Tau, Te Maire (1 March 2017). 1998:10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.09.005 1460:Rod Donald Hut (December 2020) 1444:Te Ara Pātaka (Summit walkway) 1206:Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō 1197:Akaroa Harbour (December 2020) 914:Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō 909:Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō 473:Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō 152:Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō 86:provide an accessible overview 1: 3493:"Churches of Banks Peninsula" 3392:Banks Peninsula Track Limited 2868:"Waikerikikari — Hickory Bay" 2100:Marshall, Brian, ed. (2005). 1850:Average rainfall mm (inches) 1515:have all won it three times. 1312:Mount Herbert / Te Ahu Pātiki 779:The area is known to Māori as 4120:Polygenetic shield volcanoes 4031:Te Onepoto / Taylors Mistake 3917:Te Rāpaki-o-Te Rakiwhakaputa 3264:Anderssen, Johannes (1927). 2013:"Ngāi Tahu – The move south" 838:known as McCormacks Bay and 630:) for the public to access. 606:lies at the entrance to the 573:Mount Herbert Scenic Reserve 3362:. New Zealand. p. 192. 3358:Andersen, Johannes (1927). 2234:. The New Zealand Institute 2229:at Akaroa, in August, 1840" 1780:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1640:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1039:Le Bons Bay (November 2018) 640:sustainable land management 156:Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora 4146: 3338:Department of Conservation 2546:"'Heaven' in Koukourārata" 1919: 1590: 1476: 963:Pigeon Bay (December 2020) 834:The inland valleys of the 204: 18: 4100:Peninsulas of New Zealand 1849: 1779: 1709: 1639: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1332:after his death in 1943. 950:Port Levy (December 2020) 718: 692:— 170:in the early 19th century 4110:Miocene shield volcanoes 3580:. New Zealand Institute. 3318:Ogilvie, Gordon (2017). 3249:Ogilvie, Gordon (2017). 2802:Ogilvie, Gordon (2017). 2626:Ogilvie, Gordon (2017). 2530:Ogilvie, Gordon (2017). 2490:Ogilvie, Gordon (2017). 2423:"ArcGIS Web Application" 2268:Ogilvie, Gordon (2017). 1138:, purchased land there. 869:and the lowlands of the 409:Nanto-Bordelaise Company 3142:"Pohatu Marine Reserve" 2427:statsnz.maps.arcgis.com 1499:and Daniel Whitehouse. 918:Ōtamahua / Quail Island 826:is on Banks Peninsula. 727:2018 New Zealand census 628:Ōtamahua / Quail Island 267:Pacific tectonic plates 207:Banks Peninsula Volcano 3568:Laing, Robert (1919). 2950:Environment Canterbury 2550:Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu 2253:King, Michael (2003). 2223:Andersen, Johannes C. 2198:New Zealand in History 1461: 1453: 1424: 1284: 1271: 1258: 1223:Tumbledown Bay/Te Kāio 1198: 1040: 1021: 995: 964: 951: 932: 894: 893:Taylors Mistake (2021) 859: 844:Avon Heathcote Estuary 591:, the smallest of all 443:Canterbury Association 393:Jean François Langlois 224: 216: 179: 171: 159: 150:Banks Peninsula, with 143: 3417:Banks Peninsula Walks 3298:www.surf-forecast.com 3192:"Piraki (Peraki) Bay" 2925:www.surf-forecast.com 2847:www.surf-forecast.com 2171:. New Zealand History 1459: 1451: 1422: 1282: 1269: 1256: 1196: 1123:and again in 1832 by 1045:New Zealand Fur Seals 1038: 1019: 993: 962: 949: 930: 892: 857: 666:Historical population 604:Akaroa Marine Reserve 600:Pōhatu Marine Reserve 598:The relatively small 447:Captain Joseph Thomas 222: 214: 177: 165: 149: 141: 2597:"Pigeon Bay Walkway" 2225:"The Mission of the 1127:’s raiding parties. 534:Awaroa / Godley Head 477:Awaroa / Godley Head 130:class=notpageimage| 4001:Murray Aynsley Hill 3522:anglicanlife.org.nz 1990:2009Geomo.104..284H 1710:Daily mean °C (°F) 667: 451:Canterbury pilgrims 40: / 3857:Orton Bradley Park 3465:Events, Tailwind. 3171:www.newzealand.com 3120:New Zealand Herald 3018:. 16 December 2021 2780:. 13 December 2018 2577:. 27 February 2013 2319:. 1 September 2019 1462: 1454: 1425: 1330:Orton Bradley Park 1285: 1283:Surf at Magnet Bay 1272: 1259: 1199: 1041: 1022: 996: 965: 952: 933: 895: 860: 453:in December 1850. 225: 217: 180: 172: 160: 144: 44:43.750°S 172.833°E 4082: 4081: 3599:978-1-877257-82-7 3044:. 24 January 2022 2699:. 28 January 2013 2673:. 25 October 2019 2646:nzhistory.govt.nz 2293:. 29 October 2020 1924: 1923: 1241:Temple of Solomon 1180:Flea Bay / Pōhatu 1117: 1116: 1095:. Please help to 1087:This section may 871:Canterbury Plains 723: 722: 273:created by large 158:in the background 154:on the right and 103: 102: 4137: 3966:Heathcote Valley 3656: 3649: 3642: 3633: 3603: 3581: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3462: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3371: 3363: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3277: 3269: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3246: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2995: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2952:. 5 January 2021 2942: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2892: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2864: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2799: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2770: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2741: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2623: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2487: 2458: 2454: 2447: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2394: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2347: 2338: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2283: 2274: 2273: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2250: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2233: 2220: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2190: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2165: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2123: 2106: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2038:Beaglehole, J.C. 2034: 2025: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1984:(3–4): 284–298. 1973: 1967: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1946:McLintock, A. H. 1941: 1588: 1489:State highway 75 1467:state highway 75 1399:Duvauchelle Peak 1112: 1109: 1082: 1081: 1074: 842:are bays of the 780: 681: 676: 668: 589:Hector's dolphin 456:From the 1850s, 445:chief surveyor, 341: 241: 239:shield volcanoes 118: 117: 111: 98: 95: 89: 66: 58: 55: 54: 52: 51: 50: 49:-43.750; 172.833 45: 41: 38: 37: 36: 33: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4095:Banks Peninsula 4085: 4084: 4083: 4078: 4059:Ōnawe Peninsula 4040: 4021:St Andrews Hill 3926: 3832:McQueens Valley 3745:Diamond Harbour 3675: 3664:Banks Peninsula 3662:Settlements of 3660: 3613: 3600: 3584: 3567: 3564: 3562:Further reading 3559: 3558: 3548: 3546: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3526: 3524: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3501: 3499: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3475: 3473: 3464: 3463: 3456: 3446: 3444: 3442:www.doc.govt.nz 3436: 3435: 3431: 3421: 3419: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3364: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3332: 3331: 3327: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3292: 3291: 3287: 3270: 3263: 3262: 3258: 3248: 3247: 3236: 3226: 3224: 3223:. 20 March 1837 3215: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3175: 3173: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3148: 3146:www.doc.govt.nz 3140: 3139: 3135: 3125: 3123: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3010: 3009: 3005: 2988: 2981: 2979: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2955: 2953: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2894: 2893: 2886: 2876: 2874: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2851: 2849: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2800: 2793: 2783: 2781: 2772: 2771: 2764: 2754: 2752: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2676: 2674: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2650: 2648: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2625: 2624: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2601:www.doc.govt.nz 2595: 2594: 2590: 2580: 2578: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2489: 2488: 2461: 2449: 2448: 2441: 2431: 2429: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2402:www.bpct.org.nz 2396: 2395: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2360: 2358: 2349: 2348: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2322: 2320: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2296: 2294: 2285: 2284: 2277: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2252: 2251: 2247: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2222: 2221: 2212: 2202: 2200: 2192: 2191: 2184: 2174: 2172: 2167: 2166: 2159: 2149: 2147: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2121: 2119: 2104: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2064:Entwisle, Peter 2062: 2061: 2057: 2036: 2035: 2028: 2018: 2016: 2010: 2009: 2005: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1960: 1958: 1943: 1942: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1585: 1521: 1513:Sharlotte Lucas 1501:Hayden Roulston 1481: 1475: 1446: 1438:Hinewai Reserve 1430: 1417: 1306: 1277: 1264: 1225: 1214: 1191: 1182: 1170:Hinewai reserve 1162: 1113: 1107: 1104: 1083: 1079: 1072: 1061: 1033: 1014: 988: 957: 938: 911: 898:Taylors Mistake 887: 885:Taylors Mistake 852: 832: 824:Diamond Harbour 821: 819:Diamond Harbour 810: 787: 778: 772: 761: 756: 656: 646:(morepork) and 636: 616: 585:set-net fishing 581: 579:Marine Reserves 562:Hinewai Reserve 559: 557:Hinewai Reserve 546: 525: 517: 509: 499:cultivation of 493: 488: 366:Tama-i-hara-nui 339: 326: 313:, and then the 295: 269:) and from the 263:Indo-Australian 236: 229:Otago Peninsula 209: 203: 183:Banks Peninsula 136: 135: 134: 132: 126: 125: 124: 123: 122:Banks Peninsula 119: 99: 93: 90: 83: 71:This article's 67: 48: 46: 42: 39: 34: 31: 29: 27: 26: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4143: 4141: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4087: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4055: 4053: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3937: 3935: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3817: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3788:Kaituna Valley 3785: 3780: 3775: 3768: 3766:Gebbies Valley 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3709:Birdlings Flat 3706: 3701: 3696: 3689: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3651: 3644: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3612: 3611:External links 3609: 3608: 3607: 3604: 3598: 3586:Wilson, Hugh D 3582: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3556: 3534: 3509: 3483: 3467:"Hall of Fame" 3454: 3429: 3404: 3379: 3350: 3325: 3310: 3285: 3256: 3234: 3208: 3183: 3158: 3133: 3106: 3081: 3055: 3029: 3003: 2963: 2937: 2912: 2884: 2859: 2834: 2809: 2791: 2762: 2736: 2710: 2684: 2658: 2633: 2613: 2588: 2562: 2537: 2522: 2497: 2459: 2439: 2414: 2389: 2368: 2339: 2330: 2304: 2275: 2260: 2245: 2210: 2182: 2157: 2132: 2092: 2078: 2055: 2040:, ed. (1968). 2026: 2003: 1968: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1520: 1517: 1477:Main article: 1474: 1471: 1445: 1442: 1429: 1426: 1416: 1415:Walking tracks 1413: 1382:High Bare Peak 1364:Stony Bay Peak 1305: 1302: 1276: 1273: 1263: 1260: 1257:Tumbledown Bay 1224: 1221: 1213: 1210: 1202:Akaroa Harbour 1190: 1189:Akaroa Harbour 1187: 1181: 1178: 1161: 1158: 1136:Comte de Paris 1115: 1114: 1099:. Discuss and 1086: 1084: 1077: 1071: 1068: 1060: 1057: 1032: 1029: 1013: 1010: 987: 984: 956: 953: 937: 934: 910: 907: 886: 883: 851: 848: 831: 828: 820: 817: 809: 806: 786: 783: 771: 768: 760: 757: 755: 752: 721: 720: 716: 715: 712: 709: 705: 704: 701: 698: 694: 693: 690: 687: 683: 682: 677: 672: 655: 652: 635: 632: 615: 612: 608:Akaroa Harbour 580: 577: 566:nature reserve 558: 555: 545: 542: 541: 540: 537: 524: 521: 516: 513: 508: 505: 492: 489: 487: 484: 435:Bay of Islands 424:William Hobson 414:Comte de Paris 325: 322: 294: 291: 275:braided rivers 205:Main article: 202: 199: 128: 127: 121: 120: 113: 112: 106: 105: 104: 101: 100: 94:September 2024 80:the key points 70: 68: 61: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4142: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4043: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4011:Richmond Hill 4009: 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1246:In 1911, the 1244: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1231: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1195: 1188: 1186: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1160:Ōtanerito Bay 1159: 1157: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1121:Te Maiharanui 1111: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1092: 1085: 1076: 1075: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1037: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1018: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 999:Little Akaloa 992: 986:Little Akaloa 985: 983: 981: 976: 973: 971: 961: 954: 948: 944: 942: 935: 929: 925: 923: 922:Ripapa Island 919: 915: 908: 906: 904: 899: 891: 884: 882: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 856: 849: 847: 845: 841: 837: 829: 827: 825: 818: 816: 814: 807: 805: 802: 798: 795: 790: 784: 782: 776: 769: 767: 765: 758: 753: 751: 747: 744: 741: 738: 736: 732: 728: 717: 713: 710: 707: 706: 702: 699: 696: 695: 691: 688: 685: 684: 678: 673: 670: 669: 663: 661: 653: 651: 649: 645: 641: 633: 631: 629: 623: 619: 613: 611: 609: 605: 601: 596: 594: 590: 586: 578: 576: 574: 569: 567: 563: 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Retrieved 1950: 1522: 1509:Reta Trotman 1505:Brian Fowler 1497:Jeremy Yates 1493:Michael Vink 1482: 1463: 1431: 1408: 1404: 1403: 1398: 1397: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1335: 1334: 1317: 1316: 1310: 1307: 1289: 1286: 1247: 1245: 1238: 1234: 1226: 1215: 1200: 1183: 1176:until 2017. 1163: 1154: 1143: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1129: 1125:Te Rauparaha 1118: 1105: 1091:undue weight 1088: 1065: 1062: 1050: 1042: 1023: 1007: 1004: 997: 979: 977: 974: 966: 939: 912: 902: 896: 861: 833: 822: 811: 803: 799: 791: 788: 775:Little River 773: 770:Little River 762: 748: 745: 742: 739: 724: 657: 654:Demographics 637: 624: 620: 617: 597: 582: 570: 564:, a private 560: 547: 544:Conservation 526: 518: 510: 494: 481: 466: 462:Christchurch 455: 440: 429: 413: 386: 377: 374:Te Rauparaha 359: 354: 352: 347: 344:Joseph Banks 342:s botanist, 335: 327: 296: 256: 226: 195:Christchurch 191:South Island 182: 181: 91: 75: 73:lead section 25: 4036:Westmorland 4016:Scarborough 3996:Mt Pleasant 3803:Le Bons Bay 3778:Gold Valley 3756:French Farm 3751:Duvauchelle 3739:Corsair Bay 3680:Settlements 3491:KeteScape. 3476:21 December 3447:20 December 3422:20 December 3397:20 December 3303:21 December 3176:21 December 3151:21 December 3126:21 December 2877:21 December 2852:21 December 2827:21 December 2784:21 December 2755:21 December 2729:21 December 2703:21 December 2677:21 December 2651:21 December 2606:21 December 2581:21 December 2555:21 December 2407:21 December 2398:"Covenants" 2382:21 December 2323:21 December 2297:21 December 2175:25 December 2150:12 February 2122:12 February 2019:25 December 1503:(2016) and 1495:, twice by 1434:Banks Track 1428:Banks Track 1346:Saddle Hill 1336:Mt Sinclair 1248:Bell Flower 1174:Banks Track 1166:Ngāti Māmoe 1132:Australian. 1059:Hickory Bay 1031:Le Bons Bay 867:Pegasus Bay 813:Duvauchelle 808:Duvauchelle 735:2006 census 731:2013 census 523:Summit Road 497:mariculture 382:James Busby 283:foehn winds 47: / 35:172°49′59″E 4089:Categories 4074:Takapūneke 3991:Moncks Bay 3932:Port Hills 3912:Teddington 3872:Pigeon Bay 3842:Okains Bay 3827:Motukarara 3729:Church Bay 3704:Barrys Bay 3672:Canterbury 3668:Port Hills 3527:14 October 3502:14 October 2432:15 October 1928:References 1485:Port Hills 1318:Mt Bradley 1298:Waikouaiti 1294:Wellington 1275:Magnet Bay 1262:Te Oka Bay 1212:Peraki Bay 1164:Home to a 1070:Goughs Bay 1025:Okains Bay 1012:Okains Bay 955:Pigeon Bay 863:Sumner Bay 850:Sumner Bay 840:Moncks Bay 836:Port Hills 660:Port Hills 378:Elizabeth, 362:Takapūneke 330:James Cook 311:Kāti Māmoe 307:Rākaihautū 293:Prehistory 287:Port Hills 254:Harbours. 237:composite 32:43°45′00″S 4006:Redcliffs 3981:Huntsbury 3956:Ferrymead 3907:Takamatua 3877:Port Levy 3837:Ohinetahi 3821:Lyttelton 3798:Lansdowne 3687:Allandale 3368:cite book 3274:cite book 2227:Britomart 2117:0113-2458 2085:19 August 2050:223185477 1388:Lavericks 1376:View Hill 1370:Brasenose 1358:Flag Peak 1304:Mountains 1108:July 2022 1052:John Cuff 980:Britomart 941:Port Levy 936:Port Levy 794:Ngāi Tahu 781:Wairewa. 491:Fisheries 475:, and at 460:and then 458:Lyttelton 433:from the 430:Britomart 370:Ngāti Toa 348:Endeavour 336:Endeavour 315:Ngāi Tahu 248:Lyttelton 187:peninsula 78:summarize 3976:Hoon Hay 3961:Halswell 3951:Cracroft 3941:Cashmere 3902:Tai Tapu 3734:Cooptown 3724:Chorlton 3714:Cass Bay 3666:and the 3588:(2009). 2992:cite web 2506:"Wainui" 2066:(2005). 1915:(25.18) 1519:Churches 1405:Mt Evans 719:Source: 401:Kāi Tahu 3946:Clifton 3934:suburbs 3783:Hilltop 3699:Ataahua 3471:Le Race 3343:19 June 3227:27 June 3201:27 June 3074:19 July 3048:19 July 3022:19 July 2982:19 July 1986:Bibcode 1961:21 July 1948:(ed.). 1910:(1.88) 1905:(1.98) 1900:(2.16) 1895:(1.82) 1890:(2.76) 1885:(2.65) 1880:(2.76) 1875:(2.76) 1870:(1.96) 1865:(1.60) 1860:(1.41) 1855:(1.44) 1845:(46.8) 1840:(50.5) 1835:(46.4) 1830:(44.4) 1825:(43.0) 1820:(41.5) 1815:(41.2) 1810:(42.4) 1805:(45.7) 1800:(48.6) 1795:(51.6) 1790:(53.4) 1785:(53.1) 1775:(52.5) 1770:(57.0) 1765:(53.4) 1760:(50.9) 1755:(48.7) 1750:(46.2) 1745:(45.7) 1740:(47.1) 1735:(50.7) 1730:(54.0) 1725:(57.4) 1720:(59.7) 1715:(59.7) 1705:(58.2) 1700:(63.5) 1695:(59.7) 1690:(57.2) 1685:(54.3) 1680:(50.9) 1675:(50.0) 1670:(51.6) 1665:(55.8) 1660:(59.4) 1655:(63.3) 1650:(66.0) 1645:(66.4) 1583:Climate 1479:Le Race 1473:Le Race 1409:Acheron 1101:resolve 879:Rapanui 875:Clifton 680:±% p.a. 593:dolphin 515:Tourism 507:Farming 501:mussels 486:Economy 389:whaling 372:chief, 355:Pegasus 324:History 303:Waitaha 244:Miocene 233:Harbour 201:Geology 4051:kāinga 4045:Māori 4026:Sumner 3922:Wainui 3867:Peraki 3793:Kukupa 3693:Akaroa 3596: 3549:19 May 3545:. 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