2075:'s extreme Legitimist stance made restoration politically impossible. MacMahon refused to support efforts to force the Assembly's hand. In the absence of his full support there was no way to achieve monarchy by extra-parliamentary means. The right had no choice but to keep MacMahon in office to gain time and act as a barrier to the left by repressing radical agitation and pursuing policies to restore "moral order" to the country. In November 1873, he was voted a term of office of seven years. However, the divisions among the royalists left MacMahon in a political predicament for which he was not prepared, trying to keep the Republicans at bay without defined powers or a clear source of legitimacy, without a clear majority in parliament or the country, and without the use of force. In 1874, due to demands for Bonapartism, MacMahon called for constitutional reform. To ensure calm this led to a system of a President and Senate elected indirectly. In 1876, MacMahon had to accept governments by moderate Republicans. However, in 1877, MacMahon dismissed Simon and recalled the Duke de Broglie. The new government was dissolved on a no confidence vote. Conservatives hoped to exploit their influential press, heavy patronage, and martial law to coerce the voters. They failed in the general election of October 1877, as the Republicans won the majority despite the challenges on the right. In January 1879, the Republicans forced MacMahon's resignation. He died in 1893, with Republicans viewing him as a danger to the Republic and diehard monarchists considering him a bungler who mishandled their dream of restoration.
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and that there were severe risks of explosions and being blown to pieces, he responded with the famous: ("J'y suis, j'y reste !" – "Here I am; here will I stay !"). Later, other controversies were engaged around the authenticity of this word, and no certain proof of this authenticity were able to be appropriated. It seems that the historical truth would be a little different. After having entered into
Malakof, the French troops had to sustain violent counterattacks launched by the Russians; it was only after a couple of hours that their position were finally consolidated, and Mac-Mahon would have sent a letter to Pélissier with the following message, quite different in the form and the content :" Je suis dans Malakof et je suis sûr de m'y maintenir" – "Here I am in Malakof and I am certain of maintaining myself" (
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that influential
Germans, alarmed by France's rapid recovery from defeat in 1871 and its rearmaments program, were talking of launching a preemptive attack on France. Britain and Russia made it clear that they would not tolerate such aggression. Bismarck did not seek war either, but the unexpected crisis forced him to take into consideration the alarm that his aggressive policies, plus Germany's fast-growing power, were causing among its neighbors.
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2738:, as he thought this incompatible with his duties as President of the Republic. On 4 February 1874, MacMahon declared that he would respect the established legal order. Preferring to remain "au-dessus des partis" (above parties), he observed rather than took part in the procedures which in January and February 1875 led to the
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This word that is very suggestive in its concision, was that of
Marshal de Mac Mahon, in the circumstances which historian Henri Martin related to: Mac-Mahon, while launching all his division, had finished off with repelling the Russians from Malakof. Informed that the openings were rigged with mines
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region suffered heavy flooding. While visiting the inundated cities and villages he declared "que d'eau… que d'eau !… " (nothing but water…only water!…). The prefect of the department responded to him: "Et encore, Monsieur le Président, vous n'en voyez que le dessus!" (Then again, Mr. President,
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sought to promote republicanism in France by strategically and ideologically isolating MacMahon's clerical-monarchist supporters. Bismarck's containment policy almost got out of hand in 1875 during the "War in Sight" crisis. There was a war scare in
Germany and France when the German press reported
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According to David Bell, after Thiers' resignation in May 1873, the royalist majority in the
National Assembly drafted MacMahon as the new leader, with the hope that he would hold the fort until the Bourbon pretender was ready to restore the throne. However, the
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3325:"I have remained a soldier", he says in his memoirs, "and I can conscientiously say that I have not only served one Government after another loyally, but, when they fell, have regretted all of them with the single exception of my own".
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In his still unpublished memoirs, MacMahon described his political convictions: "By family tradition, and by the sentiments towards the royal house which were instilled in me by my early education, I could not be anything but a
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His presidency may be summarised thus: on the one hand, he allowed the
Republic to establish itself; on the other hand, so far as his lawful prerogatives permitted, he restrained the political advance of parties hostile to the
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MacMahon did not distinguish himself in this appointment. While he initiated several reforms, numerous complaints were made against him. During the first half of 1870, he submitted his resignation to
Napoleon III. When the
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but when this project failed, accepted a seven-year mandate which the
Assembly gave him on 9 November 1873. Mac Mahon deemed himself responsible to the country than to parliament, which brought him into conflict with the
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and lands of
Seenish, Inisch, Arovan, Ylan-Magrath, Ing, located in the County of Clare and the island of Fymes, of the city and not of Ryencanagh, and several lands in Limerick County, 1st Marquis of Éguilly.
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2627:. In 1871 the French army surrendered, and the Germans had clearly won the war. Overall his strategic planning was confused and marked by indecision. He, along with the rest of the army including the
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2245:. He then entered the Special Military School at Saint-Cyr on 23 October 1825. He then joined the application school at the General Staff Headquarters on 1 October 1827, for a period of two years.
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2063:, surrendered to the Germans. Thus France lost the war and the Emperor went into exile. After convalescing, MacMahon was appointed head of the Versailles army, which suppressed the
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manifestations". Twelve days later, he dismissed Prime
Minister Jules Simon and again appointed Albert de Broglie. Hoping for a conservative victory, MacMahon then convinced the
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de MacMahon and 1st Marquis d'Éguilly (from his wife Charlotte Le Belin, Dame d'Éguilly) by King Louis XV, and the family in France had decidedly royalist politics.
2149:. They applied for French citizenship in 1749; after the definitive installation of the family in France, their nobility was recognised by the patent letter of King
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to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies, and campaigned across the country, while protesting that he had no intention of overthrowing the Republic. On 15 August 1877,
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gave the Republicans a majority of 120 seats, and prime minister Broglie accordingly resigned on 19 November. MacMahon attempted first to form a government under
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In his voluntary retirement he carried with him the esteem of all parties: Jules Simon, who did not love him, and whom he did not love, afterwards called him:
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and placed the city under the authority of the Third Republic. He was not blamed for the repression, but instead became the hero of the hour for the right.
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declared: "Le Président n'a que ce choix: il lui faut se soumettre ou se démettre." ("The President has only but one choice: he must submit or resign.")
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3361:. MacMahon captured the Malakoff, but was urged to withdraw rather than be crushed by imminent Russian counter-attacks. He refused, replying
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in September 1870, in part because of his confused and indecisive strategic planning. The army, including MacMahon and Emperor
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used it in response to pressure from his valet Jeeves to shave off his new moustache ('Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit' Ch.1).
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3918:. Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. pp. 3–4
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T. G. Otte, "From 'War-in-Sight' to Nearly War: Anglo–French Relations in the Age of High Imperialism, 1875–1898,"
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Patrice de MacMahon (as he was usually known before being elevated to a ducal title in his own right) was born in
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Showing his faith in the Foreign Legion during the Battle of Magenta: "The Legion is here. It's in the bag!" ("
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MacMahon led the main French army in the war against the Germans in 1870. He was trapped and wounded at the
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de Sully, where Patrice de Mac Mahon was born on 13 June 1808, sixteenth and the second-youngest son of
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In 1820, MacMahon entered the Petit Séminaire des Marbres at Autun; then completed his education at
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2044:; 13 June 1808 – 17 October 1893), was a French general and politician, with the distinction of
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https://web.archive.org/web/20030224080507/http://www.limerick.com/history/marshallmcmahon.html
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of mullets of the first) thereon the "couronne ducale" (crown of a duke of the Ancien Régime).
2734:." Nevertheless, in November 1873, he refused to meet with the Bourbon claimant to the throne,
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of 1859. He advanced his troops without having received orders at a critical moment during the
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A military family (14 members of the house of de Mac Mahon were in the Army), they settled in
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3365:("Here I am, Here I stay!"). MacMahon's troops held the Malakoff, and Sevastopol soon fell.
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for several days, in order to prepare the grand maneuvers of the third army. Following the
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cabinet was formed, the Emperor abandoned his Algerian projects and MacMahon was recalled.
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de Mac Mahon and de Charnay, and Pélagie de Riquet de Caraman (1769–1819), a descendant of
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The French Foreign Legion: A Complete History of the Legendary Fighting Force (book),
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2520:. During the battle he is reputed to have said: "Here I am; here will I stay!" (
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2347:(Algeria) and upon his return to France, he learnt that he had been promoted to
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After his return to France, he received a number of honours and was appointed
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Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de MacMahon, marquis de MacMahon, duc de Magenta
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as King of Prussia. In 1864, he was named as Governor General of Algeria.
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raids across tribal occupied plains and distinguished himself during the
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2855:(S.S.B.M.—Rescue Society of Wounded Military), which in 1940 became the
2687:: 5 francs of France 1876, released under President Patrice de Mac Mahon
2463:
In 1852 MacMahon organized in Algeria the plebiscite of legitimation by
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France Under the Republic: The Development of Modern France (1870–1939)
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France Under the Republic: The Development of Modern France (1870–1939)
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France under the Republic: The Development of Modern France (1870–1939)
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2877:, after having written his memoirs. He was buried on 22 October at the
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heightened MacMahon's conflict with the Chamber of Deputies. After the
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472:
5994:
French Foreign Legion Veteran Societies Federation (Légion étrangère)
3160:
3153:
2801:
2789:
2631:, was made prisoner during the capitulation of Sedan on 1 September.
2620:
2441:
Since 1848, MacMahon was nominated at the head of the subdivision of
2344:
2327:, this time, in 1836 where he was placed under the orders of General
264:
4155: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3369:
MacMahon's line became widely quoted as an expression of defiance.
2252:, MacMahon entered the French Army in 1827. He was assigned to the
4077:
President and Parliament: A Short History of the French Presidency
3714:
James Stone, "Bismarck and the Containment of France, 1873–1877,"
3298:
3032:
2797:
2657:
2559:
2493:
2353:
2242:
2218:
2194:
2179:
2165:
2157:
2145:
of 1688 and settled in France during the subsequent reign of King
1803:
2048:. He served as Chief of State of France from 1873 to 1875 and as
5041:
3946:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie
2584:
2067:
revolt in May 1871 and set the stage for his political career.
5918:
4826:
4317:
5372:
3541:
Biographical dictionary of French political leaders since 1870
3297:, a bullet pierced his uniform; in 1840, a bullet pierced his
2776:
In order to contain and destabilize France, German Chancellor
6464:
Disciplinary Company of the Foreign Regiments in the Far East
2471:. In March the same year he was appointed commandment of the
2372:
In May 1841, he returned again to Algeria at the head of the
3611:
Lord Messier, Knight Lord overlord of the towns, countries,
3588:
https://archive.org/details/irishpedigreesor_01ohar/page/150
2646:, the bloody week-long military campaign which defeated the
4084:
The War Scare of 1875: Bismarck and Europe in the Mid-1870s
2343:, in 1837, where he was slightly wounded. In 1840, he left
2275:. He was commended for his capacity and bravery during the
3584:
Irish Pedigrees or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation
2926:
of the Senate; and M. Malvy from the Chamber of Deputies.
2595:
In 1861 MacMahon represented France at the coronation of
2308:
Recalled to France, MacMahon participated in 1832 to the
3942:"Ritter-Orden: Königlich-ungarischer St. Stephans-Orden"
3912:
State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1881
3335:
un grand capitaine, un grand citoyen et un homme de bien
3344:
Voici la Légion ! L'affaire est dans le sac !
6600:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
6222:
Parachute Company of the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment
6605:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
4043:
The Oxford Companion to Military History: Crimean War
3359:
assault by French troops against the Malakoff redoubt
3023:(argent, three leopards gules, a chief of the second
2933:
2383:
with whom he distinguished himself, in April, at the
6555:
French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
2862:
Patrice de MacMahon died on 17 October 1893, at the
6472:
6456:
6428:
6407:
6388:
6372:
6265:
6214:
6198:
6189:
6159:
6138:
6122:
6074:
6058:
6032:
6016:
6007:
5827:
5487:
5371:
5024:
4858:
4682:
4634:
4382:
4351:
3907:
Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1881
3337:(a great captain, a great citizen, and a good man)"
2695:, by the royalist and conservative majority in the
2691:In May 1873, MacMahon was elected President of the
2460:, chief of the general staff of the Oran Province.
2452:In 1849, he became a Commander of the Order of the
2256:in 1830. MacMahon subsequently participated in the
526:
482:
456:
448:
438:
399:
394:
382:
372:
362:
352:
317:
289:
274:
250:
227:
222:
208:
190:
178:
166:
156:
138:
126:
114:
82:
63:
34:
6420:97th Reconnaissance Group of the Infantry Division
3987:"Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro"
3904:Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1894) .
3656:Historical Dictionary of the French Third Republic
3394:Élisabeth de MacMahon (1834–1900), wife of Patrice
2583:by Emperor Napoleon III, and awarded the title of
6314:2nd Marching Regiment of the 2nd Foreign Regiment
6309:1st Marching Regiment of the 2nd Foreign Regiment
6300:4th Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment
6295:3rd Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment
6290:2nd Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment
3489:Marie Louis Henry de Granet-Lacroix de Chabrières
2754:you are only seeing what's above the surface!").
3875:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1886, p.
2423:in December 1845, he assumed the command of the
2408:MacMahon distinguished himself again during the
3331:
3323:
3312:; and finally seriously on 1 September 1870 at
2634:In 1871, he became the head of the army of the
6380:Saharan Companies of the French Foreign Legion
4136:"Marie-Edmé-Patrice-Maurice de MacMahon"
3658:. (Greenwood Press, New York, 1986) pp. 587–88
3602:(The "Irishman" Office, Dublin, 1859) pp. 5–6.
2579:For his military services, he was appointed a
1567:National Centre of Independents & Peasants
1209:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
5930:
4838:
4329:
3823:Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1889).
2013:
1259:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
8:
6590:École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni
6550:French military personnel of the Crimean War
6443:Passage Company of the Foreign Legion (CPLE)
6364:23rd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers
6359:22nd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers
6354:21st Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers
3752:European Alliances and Alignments, 1871–1890
3680:
3425:Official portrait of Patrice de MacMahon by
2900:, Grand Chancellor of the Legion d'Honneur;
2215:Early military career and service in Algeria
2137:for a time. They supported the deposed King
1952:
1781:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1719:
1705:
1691:
1669:
890:
863:
826:
790:
771:
722:
698:
660:
6560:French prisoners of war in the 19th century
3705:(The Voyage to China), edition. Dentu, 1865
3553:Family History Ireland (22 February 2016).
3143:Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
6257:1st Foreign Parachute Heavy Mortar Company
6195:
6013:
5937:
5923:
5915:
4845:
4831:
4823:
4336:
4322:
4314:
4174:
4010:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3889:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3600:Life of Marshal MacMahon, Duke of Magenta.
2808:of the French government's support in the
2568:MacMahon distinguished himself during the
2020:
2006:
612:
42:
31:
4815:Acting presidents are denoted by italics.
3121:: Honorary Grand Cross (military) of the
2935:
2853:Société de secours aux blessés militaires
2615:MacMahon led the main French army in the
2400:2nd Regiment of the French Foreign Legion
2301:. He was awarded the Knight Order of the
2129:. After losing much of their land in the
6349:Marching Regiments of Foreign Volunteers
2749:During the night of 23–24 June 1875 the
2679:
2394:On 31 December 1842, he was promoted to
204:24 June 1864 – 4 September 1870
152:1 September 1864 – 27 July 1870
6319:Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion
6285:Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion
6206:Communal Depot of the Foreign Regiments
3993:(in Spanish), Madrid, 1887, p. 146
3829:. Unione tipografico-editrice. p.
3514:
3384:
2773:, which were dominated by Republicans.
2717:MacMahon favoured a restoration of the
2564:Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Marchal of France
624:
5599:Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte
4163:Marie-Edmé-Patrice-Maurice de MacMahon
4003:
3882:
3826:Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia
2662:Visit of the President-Marshal to the
2623:. He was seriously wounded during the
2312:where he was noticed again during the
2223:General MacMahon (right) with General
1682:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge)
78:24 May 1873 – 30 January 1879
6610:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
6585:Officers of the French Foreign Legion
4079:(University Presses of Florida. 1983)
3630:https://www.bartleby.com/344/268.html
3568:Brian Boru and The Battle of Clontarf
3301:through the rib cage; in 1857 at the
2619:where he suffered several defeats in
2121:and descended from Mahon, the son of
2039:
1962:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau
27:President of France from 1873 to 1879
7:
6545:French senators of the Second Empire
6177:Combat Training Center at Arta Beach
6114:Foreign Legion Detachment in Mayotte
4171:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
4145:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3484:Origins of the French Foreign Legion
2532:Senator and further Algerian service
367:Special Military School of Saint-Cyr
6438:Armored Train of the Foreign Legion
6139:Engineers & parachute engineers
5529:Jean-Baptiste Drouet, comte d'Erlon
3626:Familiar short sayings of great men
3555:"Marshal MacMahon and the Ottomans"
2851:From 1887 to 1893, he directed the
2416:on 14 October and 17 October 1844.
2078:MacMahon was a devout conservative
1722:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire
6448:5th Heavy Weight Transport Company
6324:Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion
4161:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
3739:The Struggle for Mastery in Europe
3598:Firinne, D.H. and Eugene O'Curry,
2740:French Constitutional Laws of 1875
1298:"The Future of the Intelligentsia"
25:
6515:19th-century presidents of France
4916:Abu Zayyan Muhammad II ibn Uthman
4133:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
3873:Königlich Preussische Ordensliste
3846:Sveriges och Norges Statskalender
3586:, Volume 1, 1892, pages 148–150,
3251:: Grand Cordon (military) of the
1604:French Agrarian and Peasant Party
322:Marie Armand Patrice de Mac Mahon
296:Élisabeth de La Croix de Castries
6066:French Foreign Legion Music Band
5539:Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
4150:
3570:, Seán Duffy, page 100, page 273
3459:
3434:
3418:
3411:Bibliothèque nationale de France
3399:
3387:
3263:
3241:
3220:
3199:
3179:
3159:
3152:
3132:
3110:
3051:
3013:
3007:
2994:, thereon the "couronne comte" (
2984:
2978:
2955:
2949:
2763:1876 French legislative election
2757:In September 1875, he stayed at
2576:, which assured French victory.
2333:Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
1987:
1975:
634:
426:
415:
404:
386:
6520:19th-century princes of Andorra
6242:3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion
6237:2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion
6232:1st Foreign Parachute Battalion
6050:Foreign Legion Recruiting Group
4107:, Dublin: The "Irishman" Office
3849:(in Swedish), 1865, p. 428
2445:, where he was designated as a
1687:Initiative and Liberty Movement
307:
6580:French people of Irish descent
6344:12th Foreign Infantry Regiment
6339:11th Foreign Infantry Regiment
6252:3rd Foreign Parachute Regiment
6227:1st Foreign Parachute Regiment
6099:2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment
3442:Caricature of Marshal MacMahon
2374:10th Chasseur Battalion à Pied
2248:Following his graduation from
1:
6399:6th Foreign Engineer Regiment
6334:6th Foreign Infantry Regiment
6329:5th Foreign Infantry Regiment
6151:2nd Foreign Engineer Regiment
6146:1st Foreign Engineer Regiment
6104:3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment
6094:2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment
5619:François Louis Alfred Durrieu
5554:Louis Juchault de Lamoricière
4306:Marie Armand Patrice MacMahon
4037:Bellamy, Christopher (2001).
3972:Almanach royal officiel: 1875
3494:François Certain de Canrobert
3467:
2746:as the government of France.
2499:
2449:on 12 June of the same year.
2363:
2228:
2178:(1754–1831), Baron of Sully,
2169:Maurice-François de Mac Mahon
493:2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment
49:
6615:Governors general of Algeria
6415:2nd Foreign Cavalry Regiment
6130:1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment
5809:Paul Albert Louis Delouvrier
5609:Edmond-Charles de Martimprey
5604:Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat
5574:Nicolas Théodule Changarnier
4853:Historical rulers of Algeria
4186:Edmond-Charles de Martimprey
4119:Works by Patrice de MacMahon
3701:Eugène Labiche et Delacour,
3687:La liberté souffre violence,
3293:four times: in 1837, at the
3006:
2977:
2948:
2833:General Gaëtan de Rochebouët
2703:on 24 May 1873. He replaced
1649:Union for a Popular Movement
6199:Administrative and training
5519:Anne Jean Marie René Savary
4951:Abd er Rahman I bin Abu Muh
4193:Governor-General of Algeria
4045:. Oxford University Press.
3716:Canadian Journal of History
2591:Governor General of Algeria
2482:, before being promoted to
2456:, and served under General
2425:41st Line Infantry Regiment
2335:. He led several audacious
2266:20th Line Infantry Regiment
2133:of 1652, a branch moved to
2113:origin. They were Lords of
2088:, but refused to meet with
140:Governor-General of Algeria
6631:
6525:People from Saône-et-Loire
6247:Foreign Air Supply Company
6017:General Staff Headquarters
3879:– via hathitrust.org
3276:Order of the Golden Fleece
3005:
2976:
2973:passant regardant) gules.
2947:
2676:, nº 1.153, 28 April 1877)
2556:Magenta: Marshal of France
2469:French coup d'état of 1851
2387:and against the troops of
2351:(cavalry squadron chief).
2292:battle of Mouzaïa mountain
2258:French conquest of Algeria
2041:[patʁisdəmakma.ɔ̃]
1587:VIA, the Way of the People
1327:The Tears of the White Man
1219:The Genius of Christianity
6429:Transport (armored trains
5952:
5744:Jean-Marie Charles Abrial
5584:Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul
5328:Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha
4813:
4302:
4293:
4288:
4281:
4271:
4254:
4246:
4241:
4231:
4222:
4214:
4209:
4199:
4190:
4182:
4177:
2992:Arms of House de MacMahon
2963:Arms of House de MacMahon
2936:
2654:President of the Republic
2611:War and the Paris Commune
2358:Portrait of MacMahon, by
2323:in 1833, and returned to
2131:Cromwellian confiscations
1708:Nouvelle Action Royaliste
607:
218:
197:
145:
71:
59:
41:
5734:Jules-Gaston Henri Carde
5338:Hadji Ahmed ben al-Hadji
4736:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
4362:Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
4104:Life of Marshal MacMahon
3857:– via runeberg.org
3765:Diplomacy and Statecraft
3725:14 December 2014 at the
3539:David Bell, et al. eds.
3504:François Achille Bazaine
3190:Order of the Black Eagle
2885:and a religious mass at
2742:, which established the
2736:Henri, Count of Chambord
2467:destined to approve the
2410:battle of Chaab el-Gitta
1784:Service d'Action Civique
1199:Considerations on France
762:Catholic social teaching
616:This article is part of
93:Ernest Courtot de Cissey
5759:Marcel-Edmond Peyrouton
4956:Said I bin Abu Tashufin
3869:"Schwarzer Adler-orden"
3754:(2nd ed. 1950) pp 44–55
3718:(1994) 29#2 pp 281–304
3628:. Ticknor and Company.
3021:Arms of Duke of Magenta
2829:elections of 14 October
2490:Crimean War, Sevastopol
1982:Conservatism portal
1772:Independent Republicans
1619:Independent Republicans
1317:Violence and the Sacred
1239:St Petersburg Dialogues
512:Army of the Rhin (1870)
6595:French Roman Catholics
6457:Disciplinary companies
6172:Jungle Training Center
6033:Command Administrative
6024:Foreign Legion Command
5774:Marcel-Edmond Naegelen
5649:Louis Henri de Gueydon
5569:Louis-Eugène Cavaignac
5185:Muhammad II the eunuch
4267:Josep Caixal i Estradé
3991:Guía Oficial de España
3804:The Knights of England
3767:(2006)17#4 pp 693–714.
3681:
3363:"J'y suis. J'y reste!"
3339:
3327:
3232:Order of Saint Stephen
3041:
2909:Ministère de la Marine
2688:
2677:
2565:
2525:
2505:
2385:Battle of Bab el-Thaza
2369:
2234:
2123:Muirchertach Ua Briain
1953:
1782:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1720:
1706:
1692:
1679:Carrefour de l'Horloge
1670:
1634:Rally for the Republic
1562:Future with Confidence
891:
864:
827:
791:
772:
723:
699:
661:
627:Conservatism in France
5946:French Foreign Legion
5874:Abdelmalek Benhabyles
5624:Jean Walsin-Esterhazy
5559:Marie Alphonse Bedeau
5549:Thomas Robert Bugeaud
5544:Sylvain Charles Valée
5016:Al Hassan ben Abu Muh
4168:Catholic Encyclopedia
4142:Catholic Encyclopedia
3529:. Perrin. p. 17.
3230:: Grand Cross of the
3211:Order of the Elephant
3170:Order of the Seraphim
3036:
2744:French Third Republic
2693:French Third Republic
2683:
2661:
2642:, and in May led the
2636:French Third Republic
2563:
2497:
2357:
2222:
2037:French pronunciation:
1943:Immigrant criminality
1923:Clerical philosophers
1639:Republican Federation
1307:The Reign of Quantity
1000:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet
915:Thermidorian Reaction
873:Traditional authority
677:Political Catholicism
449:Years of service
332:Emmanuel de Mac Mahon
241:Sully, Saône-et-Loire
6373:Saharan Legion units
6167:4th Foreign Regiment
6089:4th Foreign Regiment
6084:1st Foreign Regiment
6045:4th Foreign Regiment
6040:1st Foreign Regiment
5904:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
5894:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
5629:Henri-Gabriel Didier
5594:Jacques Louis Randon
5504:Louis-Auguste-Victor
5258:Mahmud Bursali Pacha
5047:Hayreddin Barbarossa
4876:Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan
4345:Presidents of France
4257:Co-Prince of Andorra
3802:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906)
3682:Élisabeth de Miribel
3654:Hutton, Patrick H.,
3624:Bent, S. A. (1887).
3409:de MacMahon (1860s,
3295:Siege of Constantine
2708:Jules Armand Dufaure
2526:J'y suis, j'y reste!
2473:Constantine Division
2414:battle of Aïn Kebira
2341:Siege of Constantine
2254:4th Hussars Regiment
2239:Lycée Louis-le-Grand
2127:High King of Ireland
1933:French–German enmity
1337:The Tyranny of Guilt
1249:Democracy in America
952:Second French Empire
701:Révolution nationale
539:Siege of Constantine
433:Second French Empire
192:Member of the Senate
173:Édmond de Martimprey
109:Gaëtan de Rochebouët
101:Jules Armand Dufaure
48:The duc de Magenta,
6431:& heavy weight)
5899:Abdelkader Bensalah
5834:Republic of Algeria
5754:Yves-Charles Chatel
5614:Patrice de MacMahon
5474:Muhammad VI ben Ali
5150:Mami Muhammad Pasha
4753:François Mitterrand
4563:Alexandre Millerand
4461:Jean Casimir-Perier
4410:Patrice de MacMahon
4225:President of France
4203:Louis, Baron Durieu
4178:Government offices
3750:William L. Langer,
3351:Siege of Sevastopol
3303:battle of Icheriden
3139:Kingdom of Sardinia
2922:, Minister of War;
2879:Hôtel des Invalides
2864:Château de la Forêt
2724:Chamber of Deputies
2617:Franco-Prussian War
2518:Siege of Sevastopol
2484:Général de division
2331:, and then General
2160:, Burgundy, at the
2143:Glorious Revolution
2052:from 1875 to 1879.
2050:President of France
1838:La Nation française
1614:Movement for France
1609:French Social Party
1429:Political positions
1419:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
1050:Fustel de Coulanges
942:Bourbon Restoration
937:Second White Terror
682:Christian democracy
579:Franco-Prussian War
563:Franco-Austrian War
532:Conquest of Algeria
411:Bourbon Restoration
327:Eugene de Mac Mahon
279:Miscellaneous right
66:President of France
36:The Duke of Magenta
6540:French monarchists
6530:Marshals of France
6272:marching regiments
6077:parachute infantry
5844:Abderrahmane Farès
5709:Jean-Baptiste Abel
5684:Édouard Laferrière
5639:Romuald Vuillermoz
5459:Mohammed Khaznadji
5200:Köse Mustafa Pacha
5165:Hadji Shaban Pasha
5032:Regency of Algiers
4901:Abu Said Uthman II
4866:Kingdom of Tlemcen
4263:Served alongside:
4210:Political offices
3703:Le Voyage en Chine
3689:Plon, p. 31.
3543:(1990) pp 257-258.
3523:Gabriel de Broglie
3499:Jean-Luc Carbuccia
3357:, MacMahon led an
3186:Kingdom of Prussia
3098:Médaille militaire
3042:
2998:of a count of the
2786:16 May 1877 crisis
2689:
2678:
2673:L'Univers illustré
2638:, under President
2566:
2514:Battle of Malakoff
2506:
2498:Général MacMahon,
2465:universal suffrage
2447:général de brigade
2396:lieutenant-colonel
2370:
2310:Ten Days' Campaign
2277:seizure of Algiers
2235:
2184:Pierre-Paul Riquet
2151:Louis XV of France
1928:European New Right
1852:Le Figaro Magazine
1817:Famille chrétienne
1694:La Manif pour tous
1347:The French Suicide
975:Barbey d'Aurevilly
925:Companions of Jehu
920:First White Terror
767:Counter-revolution
651:French nationalism
555:Battle of Malakoff
516:Commander-in-Chief
469:Lieutenant colonel
348:Countess de Pinnes
344:Marie de Mac Mahon
6535:French marquesses
6492:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6280:Mounted companies
6185:
6184:
6109:13th Demi-Brigade
5912:
5911:
5859:Houari Boumédiène
5819:Christian Fouchet
5784:Jacques Soustelle
5724:Maurice Viollette
5634:Charles de Bouzet
5589:Aimable Pélissier
5514:Pierre Berthezène
5379:Deylik of Algiers
5230:Mustafa III Pasha
5210:Mustapha IV Pasha
5190:Mustapha II Pasha
5175:Daly Hassan Pasha
5112:Ahmad Pasha Qabia
5087:Mehmed Tekkelerli
5082:Muhammad Kurdogli
5026:Ottoman governors
4971:Abu Abbas Ahmad I
4911:Abu Hammu II Musa
4881:Abu Said Uthman I
4820:
4819:
4790:François Hollande
4693:Charles de Gaulle
4312:
4311:
4303:Succeeded by
4272:Succeeded by
4261:1873–1879
4232:Succeeded by
4200:Succeeded by
4082:Wawro, Geoffrey.
4075:Derfler, Leslie.
4072:(1940) pp 127–43.
3793:(1996), pp 440–42
3791:France: 1814–1914
3780:(1940) pp 127–43.
3645:, 4 January 1937)
3446:Théobald Chartran
3257:19 September 1874
3123:Order of the Bath
3079:; Grand Officer,
3031:
3030:
2965:: "Argent, three
2778:Otto von Bismarck
2712:Albert de Broglie
2697:National Assembly
2668:Empress of Brazil
2644:Semaine Sanglante
2581:Marshal of France
2574:Battle of Magenta
2458:Aimable Pélissier
2073:Count of Chambord
2046:Marshal of France
2030:
2029:
1994:France portal
1938:French Revolution
1897:Valeurs actuelles
1404:de La Tour du Pin
1279:What Is a Nation?
910:War in the Vendée
611:
610:
571:Battle of Magenta
477:Marshal of France
89:Albert de Broglie
16:(Redirected from
6622:
6570:Dukes of Magenta
6304:Garibaldi Legion
6196:
6014:
5939:
5932:
5925:
5916:
5869:Chadli Bendjedid
5769:Yves Chataigneau
5534:Bertrand Clauzel
5524:Théophile Voirol
5509:Bertrand Clauzel
5318:Hadj Mohamed Dey
5278:Buzenak-Muhammad
5220:Kassan Kaid Koça
5155:Dali Ahmed Pasha
5140:Hassan Veneziano
5130:Arab Ahmed Pasha
5102:Hasan Khüsro Aga
4981:Abu Tashufin III
4976:Abu Abdallah III
4931:Abul Hadjdjadj I
4847:
4840:
4833:
4824:
4765:
4748:
4723:
4711:Georges Pompidou
4674:
4657:
4626:
4609:
4592:
4580:Gaston Doumergue
4575:
4558:
4541:
4529:Raymond Poincaré
4524:
4512:Armand Fallières
4507:
4490:
4473:
4456:
4439:
4422:
4405:
4374:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4315:
4247:Preceded by
4215:Preceded by
4183:Preceded by
4175:
4172:
4154:
4153:
4146:
4138:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4097:Firinne, D. H.;
4057:
4056:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4009:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3969:Belgien (1875).
3966:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3948:, 1881, p.
3938:
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3931:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3901:
3895:
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3888:
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3865:
3859:
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3835:
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3820:
3814:
3800:
3794:
3787:
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3774:
3768:
3761:
3755:
3748:
3742:
3741:(1955) pp 225–27
3735:
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3712:
3706:
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3537:
3531:
3530:
3519:
3472:
3469:
3463:
3438:
3422:
3403:
3391:
3311:
3274:: Knight of the
3273:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3253:Order of Leopold
3247:
3245:
3244:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3209:: Knight of the
3205:
3203:
3202:
3188:: Knight of the
3184:
3183:
3182:
3168:: Knight of the
3164:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3141:: Knight of the
3137:
3136:
3135:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3065:Legion of Honour
3056:
3055:
3054:
3017:
3011:
2988:
2982:
2959:
2953:
2934:
2921:
2913:Julien Loizillon
2899:
2872:
2857:French Red Cross
2570:Italian Campaign
2548:against Emperor
2504:
2501:
2481:
2454:Legion d'honneur
2434:, garrisoned at
2433:
2382:
2368:
2365:
2329:Bertrand Clausel
2314:Siege of Antwerp
2303:Legion d'honneur
2300:
2289:
2281:Medea expedition
2274:
2233:
2230:
2225:Jean-Louis Borel
2177:
2043:
2038:
2022:
2015:
2008:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1958:
1890:Radio Courtoisie
1871:
1787:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1725:
1711:
1697:
1683:
1675:
1672:Action Française
1644:Resistance Party
1629:Rally for France
1557:The Nationalists
1547:Debout la France
1394:de Chateaubriand
1362:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1302:
1294:
1284:
1274:
1269:The Ancient City
1264:
1254:
1244:
1234:
1224:
1214:
1204:
1030:de Chateaubriand
896:
869:
854:Social hierarchy
832:
796:
777:
728:
704:
666:
638:
628:
613:
431:
430:
420:
419:
409:
408:
395:Military service
390:
377:Military officer
340:
311:
309:
257:
237:
235:
223:Personal details
211:
202:
181:
169:
150:
129:
117:
85:
76:
54:
51:
46:
32:
21:
6630:
6629:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6575:MacMahon family
6495:
6494:
6493:
6484:
6468:
6452:
6430:
6424:
6403:
6392:& engineers
6384:
6368:
6270:
6261:
6210:
6191:
6181:
6155:
6134:
6118:
6076:
6070:
6054:
6028:
6009:
6003:
5948:
5943:
5913:
5908:
5889:Liamine Zéroual
5879:Mohamed Boudiaf
5854:Ahmed Ben Bella
5836:
5832:
5823:
5789:Georges Catroux
5764:Georges Catroux
5739:Georges le Beau
5699:Maurice Varnier
5689:Charles Jonnart
5564:Henri d'Orleans
5496:
5491:
5483:
5404:Mohammed Arslan
5381:
5376:
5367:
5358:Mohamed Bektach
5268:Yusuf III Pasha
5215:Soliman Katanya
5107:Ahmed Bostandji
5042:Aruj Barbarossa
5034:
5029:
5020:
5006:Abu Abdallah VI
4986:Abu Abdallah IV
4966:Abu Abdallah II
4921:Abu Tashufin II
4868:
4863:
4860:Zayyanid rulers
4854:
4851:
4821:
4816:
4809:
4800:Emmanuel Macron
4780:Nicolas Sarkozy
4759:
4742:
4717:
4678:
4668:
4651:
4636:Fourth Republic
4630:
4620:
4603:
4586:
4569:
4552:
4535:
4518:
4501:
4484:
4467:
4450:
4433:
4416:
4399:
4378:
4368:
4353:Second Republic
4347:
4342:
4308:
4299:
4283:French nobility
4277:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4252:
4237:
4228:
4220:
4205:
4196:
4188:
4160:
4151:
4132:
4110:
4108:
4099:O'Curry, Eugene
4096:
4093:
4065:
4063:Further reading
4060:
4053:
4036:
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4031:
4023:
4019:
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3821:
3817:
3801:
3797:
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3784:
3775:
3771:
3762:
3758:
3749:
3745:
3737:A.J.P. Taylor,
3736:
3732:
3727:Wayback Machine
3713:
3709:
3700:
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3473:
3470:
3464:
3455:
3439:
3430:
3423:
3414:
3404:
3395:
3392:
3383:
3371:P. G. Wodehouse
3322:
3305:
3288:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3242:
3240:
3228:Austria-Hungary
3221:
3219:
3200:
3198:
3194:18 October 1861
3180:
3178:
3158:
3151:
3133:
3131:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3083:; Grand Cross,
3052:
3050:
3047:
3012:
2983:
2954:
2932:
2915:
2893:
2866:
2849:
2841:Catholic Church
2656:
2625:Battle of Sedan
2613:
2593:
2558:
2534:
2502:
2492:
2475:
2427:
2389:Emir Abdelkader
2376:
2366:
2349:chef d'escadron
2294:
2283:
2268:
2262:sous-lieutenant
2231:
2217:
2171:
2107:MacMahon family
2103:
2098:
2057:Battle of Sedan
2036:
2026:
1988:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1967:
1966:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1869:
1799:
1791:
1790:
1747:Cercle Proudhon
1738:Camelots du Roi
1715:Student Cockade
1681:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1577:The Republicans
1542:Alliance Royale
1534:
1526:
1525:
1424:Le Pen (Marine)
1374:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1350:
1340:
1330:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1202:
1193:
1185:
1184:
970:
962:
961:
947:Ultra-royalists
886:
878:
877:
793:Noblesse oblige
752:
744:
743:
663:Nouvelle Droite
646:
626:
593:Battle of Sedan
587:Battle of Wörth
520:Army of Châlons
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
495:
491:
489:
475:
471:
467:
463:
425:
424:
414:
413:
403:
357:MacMahon family
347:
345:
343:
341:
334:
330:
328:
326:
324:
313:
310: 1854)
305:
301:
298:
275:Political party
259:
255:
254:17 October 1893
239:
233:
231:
209:
203:
198:
179:
167:
151:
146:
127:
115:
107:
103:
99:
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83:
77:
72:
55:
52:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6628:
6626:
6618:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6497:
6496:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6482:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6460:
6458:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6434:
6432:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6411:
6409:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6395:
6393:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6382:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6276:
6274:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6218:
6216:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6202:
6200:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6163:
6161:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6080:
6078:
6075:Infantry &
6072:
6071:
6069:
6068:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6020:
6018:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5982:Museum society
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5942:
5941:
5934:
5927:
5919:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5840:
5838:
5837:(1962–present)
5825:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5794:Robert Lacoste
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5749:Maxime Weygand
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5714:Théodore Steeg
5711:
5706:
5704:Charles Lutaud
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5654:Antoine Chanzy
5651:
5646:
5644:Alexis Lambert
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5500:
5498:
5494:French Algeria
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5348:Hadji Mustapha
5345:
5343:Hassan Chaouch
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5283:Ahmed II Pasha
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5248:Yusuf II Pasha
5245:
5240:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5170:Mustapha Pasha
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5067:Khalifa Saffah
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5038:
5036:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5011:Abu Zayyan III
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4991:Abu Abdallah V
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4946:Abu Abdallah I
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4896:Abu Tashufin I
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4827:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4797:
4787:
4777:
4770:Jacques Chirac
4767:
4750:
4733:
4725:
4708:
4700:
4689:
4687:
4686:(1958–present)
4684:Fifth Republic
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4659:
4645:Vincent Auriol
4641:
4639:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4611:
4594:
4577:
4560:
4546:Paul Deschanel
4543:
4526:
4509:
4492:
4475:
4458:
4441:
4424:
4407:
4393:Adolphe Thiers
4389:
4387:
4384:Third Republic
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4358:
4356:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4318:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4301:
4296:Duc de Magenta
4292:
4286:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4270:
4253:
4250:Adolphe Thiers
4248:
4244:
4243:
4242:Regnal titles
4239:
4238:
4233:
4230:
4221:
4218:Adolphe Thiers
4216:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4148:
4147:
4130:
4125:
4116:
4092:
4091:External links
4089:
4088:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4039:Richard Holmes
4029:
4026:Porch, Douglas
4017:
3978:
3961:
3933:
3928:da:DIS Danmark
3896:
3860:
3836:
3815:
3795:
3789:Robert Tombs,
3782:
3769:
3756:
3743:
3730:
3707:
3694:
3673:
3660:
3647:
3633:
3617:
3604:
3591:
3572:
3560:
3545:
3532:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3471: 1880-90
3465:
3458:
3456:
3440:
3433:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3415:
3405:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3375:Bertie Wooster
3367:
3366:
3347:
3321:
3318:
3287:
3286:Battle honours
3284:
3283:
3282:
3259:
3238:
3217:
3196:
3176:
3174:26 August 1861
3149:
3129:
3127:3 January 1856
3118:United Kingdom
3106:
3105:
3104:
3095:
3063:Knight of the
3046:
3043:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3004:
3003:
2989:
2975:
2974:
2960:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2931:
2928:
2924:Charles Merlin
2905:Henri Rieunier
2891:Victor Février
2848:
2845:
2814:ultramontanism
2810:Roman question
2705:Prime Minister
2701:Adolphe Thiers
2655:
2652:
2640:Adolphe Thiers
2612:
2609:
2592:
2589:
2557:
2554:
2533:
2530:
2503: 1865-70
2491:
2488:
2216:
2213:
2205:Saône-et-Loire
2115:Corcu Baiscind
2102:
2101:Family origins
2099:
2097:
2094:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1984:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1917:Archeofuturism
1912:
1910:Related topics
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1883:Nouvelle École
1879:
1872:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1727:
1726:
1717:
1712:
1703:
1701:March for Life
1698:
1689:
1684:
1676:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1624:Party of Order
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1323:
1313:
1303:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1170:de Tocqueville
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
933:
932:
927:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
876:
875:
870:
861:
856:
850:
845:
840:
835:
834:
833:
819:
814:
812:French culture
809:
804:
802:Ethnopluralism
799:
798:
797:
788:
778:
769:
764:
759:
757:Anti-communism
753:
750:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
736:
735:
734:
729:
720:
715:
705:
696:
695:
694:
692:Ultramontanism
689:
684:
674:
669:
668:
667:
658:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
631:
630:
622:
621:
609:
608:
605:
604:
597:
596:
590:
575:
574:
559:
558:
543:
542:
528:
524:
523:
484:
480:
479:
458:
454:
453:
450:
446:
445:
440:
439:Branch/service
436:
435:
401:
397:
396:
392:
391:
384:
380:
379:
374:
370:
369:
364:
360:
359:
354:
350:
349:
319:
315:
314:
303:
299:
294:
293:
291:
287:
286:
276:
272:
271:
258:(aged 85)
252:
248:
247:
229:
225:
224:
220:
219:
216:
215:
212:
206:
205:
195:
194:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
170:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
143:
142:
136:
135:
130:
124:
123:
121:Adolphe Thiers
118:
112:
111:
86:
84:Prime Minister
80:
79:
69:
68:
61:
60:
57:
56:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6627:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6565:Paris Commune
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
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6523:
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6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6427:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6406:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6387:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6268:
6264:
6258:
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6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6188:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6121:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6073:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6019:
6015:
6012:
6006:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5940:
5935:
5933:
5928:
5926:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5830:
5826:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5779:Roger Léonard
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5729:Pierre Bordes
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5490:
5486:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5353:Hussein Kodja
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5333:Ahmed Sharban
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5288:Ibrahim Pasha
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5263:Ahmed I Pasha
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5243:Hassan Khodja
5241:
5238:
5236:
5235:Khüsrev Pacha
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5180:Soliman Pasha
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5122:Uluç Ali Reis
5120:
5118:
5117:Muhamad Pasha
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5092:Yusuf I Pasha
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4996:Abu Hammu III
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4936:Abu Zayyan II
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4926:Abu Thabid II
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4857:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4836:
4834:
4829:
4828:
4825:
4812:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4672:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4614:Albert Lebrun
4612:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4547:
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4539:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4479:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4372:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4339:
4334:
4332:
4327:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4307:
4298:
4297:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4268:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4245:
4240:
4236:
4227:
4226:
4219:
4213:
4208:
4204:
4195:
4194:
4187:
4181:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4157:public domain
4144:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4068:Brogan, D.W.
4067:
4066:
4062:
4054:
4052:0-19-866209-2
4048:
4044:
4040:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4013:
4007:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3979:
3975:. p. 55.
3974:
3973:
3965:
3962:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3929:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3900:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3848:
3847:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3776:D.W. Brogan,
3773:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:D.W. Brogan,
3664:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3397:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3373:'s character
3372:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3166:Sweden-Norway
3162:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3147:5 August 1859
3144:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3075:; Commander,
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:French Empire
3049:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3010:
3001:
3000:Ancien Régime
2997:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2981:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2883:state funeral
2880:
2876:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2822:Léon Gambetta
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:Jules Dufaure
2764:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2648:Paris Commune
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2562:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2546:Felice Orsini
2543:
2542:Kabyle people
2539:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2496:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2419:Nominated to
2417:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2391:, on 25 May.
2390:
2386:
2380:
2375:
2361:
2360:Horace Vernet
2356:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2298:
2293:
2290:, during the
2287:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2226:
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2206:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2065:Paris Commune
2062:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
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1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1907:
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1849:
1847:
1846:
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1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1824:L'Écho du Sud
1821:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1795:
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1673:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1661:Organisations
1658:
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1637:
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1627:
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1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:Soyons libres
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1552:French Future
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
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1400:
1397:
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1290:
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1280:
1276:
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1270:
1266:
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1128:
1126:
1123:
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1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1080:de La Mennais
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
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1043:
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1038:
1036:
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1028:
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1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
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1008:
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1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
969:Intellectuals
966:
965:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
895:
894:
893:Ancien Régime
889:
888:
882:
881:
874:
871:
868:
867:
866:Souverainisme
862:
860:
857:
855:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
831:
830:
825:
824:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
807:Family values
805:
803:
800:
795:
794:
789:
787:
784:
783:
782:
779:
776:
775:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
748:
747:
740:
737:
733:
730:
727:
726:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
706:
703:
702:
697:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
678:
675:
673:
670:
665:
664:
659:
657:
654:
653:
652:
649:
648:
642:
641:
637:
633:
632:
629:
623:
619:
615:
614:
606:
602:
601:
600:Paris Commune
594:
591:
588:
585:
584:
583:
581:
580:
572:
569:
568:
567:
565:
564:
556:
553:
552:
551:
549:
548:
540:
537:
536:
534:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
502:
498:
494:
488:
485:
481:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
451:
447:
444:
441:
437:
434:
429:
423:
422:July Monarchy
418:
412:
407:
402:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
378:
375:
371:
368:
365:
361:
358:
355:
351:
338:
333:
323:
320:
316:
297:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
253:
249:
246:
242:
230:
226:
221:
217:
213:
207:
201:
196:
193:
189:
186:
185:Louis Durrieu
183:
177:
174:
171:
165:
162:
159:
155:
149:
144:
141:
137:
134:
131:
125:
122:
119:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
87:
81:
75:
70:
67:
62:
58:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
6480:31st Brigade
5849:Ferhat Abbas
5799:André Mutter
5719:Henri Dubief
5679:Louis Lépine
5674:Auguste Loze
5669:Jules Cambon
5664:Louis Tirman
5659:Albert Grévy
5613:
5579:Viala Charon
5394:Muhammad III
5363:Deli Ibrahim
5293:Ismail Pasha
5195:Rizvan Pasha
5145:Djafar Pasha
5135:Ramdan Pasha
5126:Mehmet Pasha
5097:Yahyia Pasha
4906:Abu Thabid I
4886:Abu Zayyan I
4804:2017–present
4727:
4702:
4495:Émile Loubet
4409:
4294:
4289:
4264:
4255:
4223:
4191:
4166:
4149:
4140:
4123:Open Library
4109:, retrieved
4103:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4042:
4032:
4025:
4020:
3995:, retrieved
3990:
3981:
3971:
3964:
3953:, retrieved
3945:
3936:
3926:– via
3920:. Retrieved
3911:
3906:
3899:
3872:
3863:
3851:, retrieved
3845:
3839:
3825:
3818:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3790:
3785:
3777:
3772:
3764:
3759:
3751:
3746:
3738:
3733:
3715:
3710:
3702:
3697:
3686:
3676:
3668:
3663:
3655:
3650:
3642:
3636:
3625:
3620:
3607:
3599:
3594:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3563:
3548:
3540:
3535:
3526:
3517:
3450:
3441:
3427:Pierre Petit
3368:
3362:
3343:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3289:
3280:1 March 1875
3279:
3256:
3235:
3214:
3193:
3173:
3146:
3126:
3101:
3092:
3089:Grand Master
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3020:
2991:
2962:
2942:
2937:
2887:La Madeleine
2861:
2852:
2850:
2837:
2826:
2804:had assured
2783:
2775:
2756:
2748:
2728:
2716:
2690:
2671:
2670:, in Paris (
2633:
2614:
2601:
2594:
2587:of Magenta.
2578:
2567:
2550:Napoleon III
2535:
2507:
2462:
2451:
2440:
2418:
2407:
2393:
2371:
2319:He became a
2318:
2307:
2247:
2236:
2198:
2188:
2155:
2104:
2083:
2077:
2069:
2061:Napoleon III
2054:
2032:
2031:
1915:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1765:Croix-de-Feu
1729:
1728:
1664:
1592:
1591:
1536:
1496:de La Rocque
1445:
1355:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1315:
1305:
1287:
1267:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1227:
1217:
1207:
1197:
957:Vichy France
859:Social order
838:Metapolitics
829:Restauration
725:Maurrassisme
598:
582:(1870–1871)
577:
576:
561:
560:
550:(1853–1856)
545:
544:
535:(1827–1857)
530:
527:Battles/wars
508:I Army Corps
256:(1893-10-17)
238:13 June 1808
214:Napoleon III
210:Nominated by
199:
180:Succeeded by
161:Napoleon III
147:
128:Succeeded by
97:Louis Buffet
73:
29:
6510:1893 deaths
6505:1808 births
5864:Rabah Bitat
5804:Raoul Salan
5694:Paul Révoil
5497:(1830–1962)
5479:Hussein Dey
5439:Mustapha II
5434:Sidi Hassan
5419:Muhammad IV
5409:Ibrahim III
5382:(1710–1830)
5323:Baba Hassan
5303:Ramadan Aga
5273:Murad Pasha
5253:Ali Bitchin
5239:Murat Pasha
5225:Hizir Pasha
5160:Hızır Pasha
5077:Hasan Corso
5062:Hasan Pasha
5057:Hadji Pasha
5035:(1517–1710)
4961:Abu Malek I
4891:Abu Hammu I
4869:(1235–1556)
4760: [
4743: [
4729:Alain Poher
4718: [
4704:Alain Poher
4669: [
4652: [
4638:(1947–1958)
4621: [
4604: [
4597:Paul Doumer
4587: [
4570: [
4553: [
4536: [
4519: [
4502: [
4485: [
4478:Félix Faure
4468: [
4451: [
4444:Sadi Carnot
4434: [
4427:Jules Grévy
4417: [
4400: [
4386:(1870–1940)
4369: [
4355:(1848–1852)
4275:Jules Grévy
4235:Jules Grévy
3691:(in French)
3671:(1940) p 97
3580:John O'Hart
3451:Vanity Fair
3355:Crimean War
3349:During the
3306: [
3071:; Officer,
2916: [
2894: [
2875:Montcresson
2867: [
2771:Jules Simon
2685:Silver coin
2516:during the
2510:Crimean War
2508:During the
2486:, in July.
2476: [
2428: [
2377: [
2367: 1860
2295: [
2284: [
2269: [
2232: 1856
2200:département
2172: [
2147:William III
2085:coup d'état
1955:Sinistrisme
1948:Remigration
1511:de Vaublanc
1481:de Polignac
1389:Cathelineau
1373:Politicians
1075:de Jouvenel
1070:Houellebecq
1065:de Gobineau
900:Monarchiens
817:Imperialism
786:Meritocracy
713:Bonapartism
687:Integralism
547:Crimean War
504:(1843–1845)
490:Lt. colonel
487:French Army
443:French Army
346:(1863–1954)
342:(1859–1930)
335: [
329:(1857–1907)
325:(1855–1927)
261:Montcresson
168:Preceded by
133:Jules Grévy
116:Preceded by
105:Jules Simon
53: 1890
6499:Categories
6059:Music band
5829:Presidents
5814:Jean Morin
5429:Muhammad V
5414:Ibrahim IV
5399:Abdy Pasha
5308:Shaban Aga
5298:Khalil Aga
5072:Salah Rais
5052:Hasan Agha
5001:Abu Muh II
4300:1859–1893
4229:1873–1879
4197:1864–1870
3810:, London,
3643:Paris soir
3510:References
3466:MacMahon,
3215:4 May 1869
2911:; Général
2847:Last years
2732:Legitimist
2710:with Duke
1599:Feuillants
1572:Reconquête
1516:de Villèle
1491:Retailleau
1357:Submission
1192:Literature
1155:de Rivarol
1140:Peyrefitte
1135:d'Ornellas
1110:de Maistre
1020:Brunetière
995:de Benoist
848:Patriotism
822:Monarchism
751:Principles
718:Legitimism
645:Ideologies
506:Commander
465:Commandant
400:Allegiance
373:Profession
283:Legitimist
234:1808-06-13
6215:Parachute
5999:Unit list
5489:Governors
5464:Omar Agha
4941:Abu Muh I
4794:2012–2017
4784:2007–2012
4774:1995–2007
4757:1981–1995
4740:1974–1981
4732:(interim)
4715:1969–1974
4707:(interim)
4697:1959–1969
4666:1954–1959
4662:René Coty
4649:1947–1954
4618:1932–1940
4601:1931–1932
4584:1924–1931
4567:1920–1924
4533:1913–1920
4516:1906–1913
4499:1899–1906
4482:1895–1899
4465:1894–1895
4448:1887–1894
4431:1879–1887
4414:1873–1879
4397:1871–1873
4366:1848–1851
4290:New title
3955:30 August
3922:30 August
3853:22 August
3527:Mac Mahon
2597:William I
2403:2 R.E.L.E
2250:Saint-Cyr
2197:, in the
2096:Biography
1870:(Defunct)
1845:Le Figaro
1409:de Gaulle
1384:de Bonald
1289:The Crowd
1130:d'Orcival
1005:de Bonald
980:Bainville
930:Muscadins
905:Feuillant
774:Dirigisme
739:Sarkozysm
732:Orléanism
497:2 R.E.L.E
452:1827–1873
383:Signature
363:Education
353:Relatives
200:In office
148:In office
74:In office
18:Mac-Mahon
6473:Brigades
6390:Pioneers
6267:Infantry
6160:Training
5989:Pioneers
5967:Magazine
5884:Ali Kafi
5444:Ahmed II
5205:Hasan IV
4111:9 August
4101:(1859),
4006:citation
3997:21 March
3885:citation
3723:Archived
3525:(2000).
3478:See also
3040:MacMahon
2967:leopards
2881:after a
2794:Poitiers
2719:monarchy
2412:and the
2227:(left),
2139:James II
2135:Limerick
2090:Gambetta
2080:Catholic
1859:Le Point
1831:La Croix
1810:Éléments
1777:Hussards
1486:Pompidou
1471:Poincaré
1461:Pécresse
1451:Maréchal
1446:MacMahon
1229:The Pope
1175:Veuillot
1095:Lemaître
1090:Lefebvre
1015:Bruckner
843:Nativism
708:Royalism
672:Gaullism
656:Integral
618:a series
318:Children
6408:Cavalry
6190:Defunct
6123:Cavalry
6008:Current
5962:Origins
5957:History
5831:of the
5449:Ali III
5313:Ali Aga
4159::
4086:(2012).
4041:(ed.).
3613:castles
3407:Marshal
3381:Gallery
3353:in the
3291:Wounded
3249:Belgium
3207:Denmark
3045:Honours
3038:Marshal
2902:Admiral
2806:Pius IX
2790:bishops
2751:Garonne
2664:Emperor
2629:Emperor
2605:Olivier
2538:Senator
2443:Tlemcen
2421:colonel
2398:at the
2337:cavalry
2325:Algeria
2321:captain
2264:in the
2209:Marquis
2162:Chateau
2141:in the
2119:Ireland
1866:Présent
1756:Civitas
1730:Defunct
1593:Defunct
1533:Parties
1521:Zemmour
1506:Schuman
1501:Sarkozy
1476:Poisson
1456:Messmer
1441:Malraux
1436:Maurras
1379:Bellamy
1125:Maurras
1105:Madiran
1100:Le Play
1055:Dumézil
1010:Boutang
990:Barruel
885:History
781:Elitism
566:(1859)
473:General
461:Captain
312:
304:
300:
157:Monarch
5977:Museum
5454:Ali IV
5424:Ali II
4049:
3914:]
3812:p. 192
3720:online
3454:(1879)
3429:(1873)
3320:Quotes
3268:
3246:
3225:
3204:
3115:
2943:Blazon
2938:Figure
2818:Senate
2802:Nevers
2759:Vernon
2621:Alsace
2522:French
2436:Marnia
2345:Africa
2109:is of
1876:Minute
1665:Active
1537:Active
1466:Pétain
1399:Ciotti
1361:(2015)
1351:(2014)
1341:(2006)
1331:(1983)
1321:(1972)
1311:(1945)
1301:(1905)
1293:(1895)
1283:(1882)
1273:(1864)
1263:(1855)
1253:(1835)
1243:(1821)
1233:(1819)
1223:(1802)
1213:(1797)
1203:(1796)
1120:Massis
1085:Le Bon
1060:Guénon
1045:Freund
1035:Daudet
1025:Carrel
985:Barrès
852:
603:(1871)
595:(1870)
589:(1870)
573:(1859)
557:(1855)
541:(1837)
522:(1870)
290:Spouse
269:France
265:Loiret
245:France
6269:&
6192:units
6010:units
5972:Motto
5469:Ali V
5389:Ali I
4764:]
4747:]
4722:]
4673:]
4656:]
4625:]
4608:]
4591:]
4574:]
4557:]
4540:]
4523:]
4506:]
4489:]
4472:]
4455:]
4438:]
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