471:
is often used in applications with a high energy spread in the ions produced where sensitivity is nonetheless required, such as spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The advantage of this geometry over the Nier–Johnson geometry is that the ions of different masses are all focused onto the same flat plane. This allows the use of a photographic plate or other flat detector array.
1295:
1319:
38:
1307:
234:
470:
radians) electric sector, a drift length which is followed by a 90° magnetic sector of opposite curvature direction. The entry of the ions sorted primarily by charge into the magnetic field produces an energy focussing effect and much higher transmission than a standard energy filter. This geometry
53:
that uses a static electric (E) or magnetic (B) sector or some combination of the two (separately in space) as a mass analyzer. Popular combinations of these sectors have been the EB, BE (of so-called reverse geometry), three-sector BEB and four-sector EBEB (electric-magnetic-electric-magnetic)
841:
308:
These are some of the classic geometries from mass spectrographs which are often used to distinguish different types of sector arrangements, although most current instruments do not fit precisely into any of these categories as the designs have evolved further.
713:
Schilling GD; Andrade FJ; Barnes JH; Sperline RP; Denton MB; Barinaga CJ; Koppenaal DW; Hieftje GM (2006). "Characterization of a second-generation focal-plane camera coupled to an inductively coupled plasma
Mattauch–Herzog geometry mass spectrograph".
299:
The force in the magnetic sector is complicated by the velocity dependence but with the right conditions (uniform velocity for example) ions of different masses will separate physically in space into different beams as with the electric sector.
495:
The
Takeshita geometry consists of a 54.43° electric sector, and short drift length, a second electric sector of the same curvature direction followed by another drift length before a 180° magnetic sector of opposite curvature direction.
149:
354:
electric sector without an initial drift length followed by a 60° magnetic sector with the same direction of curvature. Sometimes called a "Bainbridge mass spectrometer," this configuration is often used to determine
352:
1039:
86:
law. This equation is the fundamental equation of all mass spectrometric techniques and applies in non-linear, non-homogeneous cases too and is an important equation in the field of
468:
799:
551:
1222:
1217:
504:
The
Matsuda geometry consists of an 85° electric sector, a quadrupole lens and a 72.5° magnetic sector of the same curvature direction. This geometry is used in the
414:
282:
224:
969:
487:
The
Hinterberger–Konig geometry consists of a 42.43° electric sector, a long intermediate drift length and a 130° magnetic sector of the same curvature direction.
517:
241:
The force is only dependent on the charge and electric field strength. The lighter ions will be deflected more and heavier ions less due to the difference in
1074:
1024:
1212:
1034:
885:
1049:
479:
The Nier–Johnson geometry consists of a 90° electric sector, a long intermediate drift length and a 60° magnetic sector of the same curvature direction.
1323:
1240:
1130:
1207:
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505:
96:
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78:
The behavior of ions in a homogeneous, linear, static electric or magnetic field (separately) as is found in a sector instrument is simple. The
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1029:
954:
599:
959:
1192:
989:
979:
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1054:
423:; they pass freely through a slit, and are then subject to another magnetic field, transversing a semi-circular path and striking a
635:
1255:
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1019:
984:
1059:
878:
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and the ions will physically separate from each other in space into distinct beams of ions as they exit the electric sector.
320:
1250:
1197:
1171:
1280:
974:
755:
1311:
288:
perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the velocity vector of the ion itself, in the direction determined by the
1156:
665:
522:
859:
Thomson, J. J.: Rays of
Positive Electricity and their Application to Chemical Analyses; Longmans Green: London, 1913
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871:
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1187:
1115:
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59:
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1004:
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55:
438:
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is produced from the isotope under study. The beam is subject to the combined action of perpendicular
764:
677:
613:
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and
Panorama (gas source, high-resolution, multicollector to measure isotopologues in geochemistry).
1151:
1120:
994:
964:
626:
31:
1079:
695:
527:
424:
230:
in the direction of the electric field, with positive ions and opposite that with negative ions.
63:
54:
instruments. Most modern sector instruments are double-focusing instruments (first developed by
894:
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639:
532:
50:
384:
254:
1064:
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813:
772:
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374:. Since the forces due to these two fields are equal and opposite when the particles have a
199:
833:
289:
87:
768:
681:
617:
1014:
371:
367:
167:
159:
67:
248:
And the force on an ion in a linear homogenous magnetic field (a magnetic sector) is:
237:
Electric sector from a
Finnigan MAT mass spectrometer (vacuum chamber housing removed)
1339:
1161:
921:
293:
183:
83:
809:
699:
580:
561:
1125:
668:[The theory of a mass-spectrograph with double focus independent of mass].
1166:
1105:
1084:
804:
556:
359:
17:
941:
808:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
560:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
144:{\displaystyle \mathbf {F} =q(\mathbf {E} +\mathbf {v} \times \mathbf {B} ),}
817:
569:
786:
735:
666:"Zur Theorie der fĂĽr alle Massen doppelfokussierenden Massenspektrographen"
643:
690:
70:
in 1936) in that they focus the ion beams both in direction and velocity.
37:
1135:
375:
193:
on an ion in a linear homogenous electric field (an electric sector) is:
179:
427:. The mass of the isotope is determined through subsequent calculation.
356:
242:
79:
836:, "Mass spectrometer", published 1985-11-12, assigned to
727:
636:
10.1002/(SICI)1098-2787(1996)15:4<241::AID-MAS2>3.0.CO;2-I
777:
750:
363:
863:
30:
This article is about mass spectrometers. For sector compasses, see
420:
233:
232:
190:
36:
837:
867:
910:
600:"An introduction to ion optics for the mass spectrograph"
347:{\displaystyle \left({\frac {\pi }{\sqrt {2}}}\right)}
441:
387:
323:
317:
The sector instrument geometry consists of a 127.30°
257:
202:
99:
751:"Alfred Nier and the sector field mass spectrometer"
1231:
1180:
1144:
1093:
940:
435:
The
Mattauch–Herzog geometry consists of a 31.82° (
462:
408:
346:
276:
218:
143:
82:are described by a single equation called the
879:
598:Burgoyne, Thomas W.; Gary M. Hieftje (1996).
518:Mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry
8:
581:Arthur Jeffrey Dempster (American physicist)
182:(expressed as a vector), and × is the
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776:
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453:
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440:
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397:
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114:
100:
98:
749:De Laeter; J. & Kurz; M. D. (2006).
544:
7:
1306:
1318:
419:they do not experience a resultant
805:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
557:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
25:
463:{\displaystyle \pi /4{\sqrt {2}}}
49:is a general term for a class of
1317:
1305:
1294:
1293:
670:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Naturforschung A
131:
123:
115:
101:
174:is the charge of the particle,
41:A five sector mass spectrometer
135:
111:
1:
756:Journal of Mass Spectrometry
296:and the sign of the charge.
1157:Microchannel plate detector
523:Charge remote fragmentation
1367:
29:
27:Class of mass spectrometer
1289:
901:
605:Mass Spectrometry Reviews
1172:Langmuir–Taylor detector
818:10.1351/goldbook.N04141
586:Encyclopædia Britannica
570:10.1351/goldbook.E01938
409:{\displaystyle v=E/B\,}
277:{\displaystyle F=qvB\,}
60:Arthur Jeffrey Dempster
1116:Quadrupole mass filter
664:Klemm, Alfred (1946).
464:
410:
348:
278:
238:
220:
219:{\displaystyle F=qE\,}
145:
42:
1351:Measuring instruments
810:Nier-Johnson geometry
691:10.1515/zna-1946-0306
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411:
349:
279:
236:
221:
146:
56:Francis William Aston
40:
439:
385:
321:
255:
200:
97:
1152:Electron multiplier
1121:Quadrupole ion trap
769:2006JMSp...41..847D
682:1946ZNatA...1..137K
618:1996MSRv...15..241B
32:sector (instrument)
528:Kenneth Bainbridge
483:Hinterberger–Konig
460:
425:photographic plate
406:
364:positive particles
344:
304:Classic geometries
274:
239:
216:
141:
64:Kenneth Bainbridge
43:
1346:Mass spectrometry
1333:
1332:
895:Mass spectrometry
728:10.1021/ac052026k
533:Alfred O. C. Nier
458:
338:
337:
313:Bainbridge–Jordan
51:mass spectrometer
47:sector instrument
16:(Redirected from
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778:10.1002/jms.1057
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704:
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646:. Archived from
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853:Further reading
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722:(13): 4319–25.
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431:Mattauch–Herzog
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372:magnetic fields
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290:right-hand rule
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252:
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178:is its current
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88:electrodynamics
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35:
28:
23:
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18:Magnetic sector
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11:
5:
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1181:MS combination
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1111:Time-of-flight
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792:
763:(7): 847–854.
741:
705:
676:(3): 137–141.
656:
653:on 2012-12-10.
627:10.1.1.625.841
612:(4): 241–259.
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294:cross products
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168:magnetic field
160:electric field
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68:Josef Mattauch
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1233:Fragmentation
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1162:Daly detector
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1094:Mass analyzer
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922:Mass spectrum
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184:cross product
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138:
127:
119:
108:
105:
93:
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91:
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84:Lorentz force
81:
73:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1126:Penning trap
1100:
915:
911:
824:
803:
795:
760:
754:
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719:
715:
708:
673:
669:
659:
648:the original
609:
603:
593:
584:
576:
555:
547:
503:
494:
486:
478:
475:Nier–Johnson
434:
418:
362:. A beam of
316:
307:
298:
287:
247:
240:
229:
188:
175:
171:
163:
155:
153:
90:in general.
77:
46:
44:
1324:WikiProject
1167:Faraday cup
1106:Wien filter
927:MS software
170:induction,
1340:Categories
942:Ion source
830:US 4553029
716:Anal. Chem
651:(abstract)
539:References
162:strength,
1203:Hybrid MS
838:Jeol Ltd.
622:CiteSeerX
491:Takeshita
443:π
378:given by
331:π
128:×
1300:Category
1145:Detector
1136:Orbitrap
932:Acronyms
787:16810642
736:16808438
700:94043005
644:27082712
512:See also
376:velocity
368:electric
357:isotopic
180:velocity
1312:Commons
1040:MALDESI
765:Bibcode
678:Bibcode
614:Bibcode
583:at the
500:Matsuda
243:inertia
189:So the
166:is the
158:is the
80:physics
1218:IMS/MS
1131:FT-ICR
1101:Sector
843:
832:,
785:
734:
698:
642:
624:
506:SHRIMP
360:masses
154:where
74:Theory
1271:IRMPD
1223:CE-MS
1213:LC/MS
1208:GC/MS
1188:MS/MS
1075:SELDI
1035:MALDI
1030:LAESI
970:DAPPI
800:IUPAC
696:S2CID
552:IUPAC
421:force
191:force
1276:NETD
1241:BIRD
1060:SIMS
1055:SESI
990:EESI
985:DIOS
980:DESI
975:DART
960:APPI
955:APLI
950:APCI
906:Mass
783:PMID
732:PMID
640:PMID
370:and
66:and
1281:SID
1266:HCD
1261:ETD
1256:EDD
1251:ECD
1246:CID
1198:AMS
1193:QqQ
1070:SSI
1050:PTR
1045:MIP
1025:ICP
1005:FAB
1000:ESI
814:doi
812:".
773:doi
724:doi
686:doi
632:doi
566:doi
564:".
292:of
1342::
1085:TS
1080:TI
1065:SS
1020:IA
1015:GD
1010:FD
995:EI
965:CI
802:,
781:.
771:.
761:41
759:.
753:.
730:.
720:78
718:.
694:.
684:.
672:.
638:.
630:.
620:.
610:15
608:.
602:.
554:,
186:.
62:,
58:,
45:A
916:z
914:/
912:m
887:e
880:t
873:v
816::
789:.
775::
767::
738:.
726::
702:.
688::
680::
674:1
634::
616::
568::
456:2
451:4
447:/
403:B
399:/
395:E
392:=
389:v
341:)
335:2
326:(
284:,
271:B
268:v
265:q
262:=
259:F
226:,
213:E
210:q
207:=
204:F
176:v
172:q
164:B
156:E
139:,
136:)
132:B
124:v
120:+
116:E
112:(
109:q
106:=
102:F
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
