50:
374:'s first women's poetry collection, both written and published by women. The pieces Spínola included in the volume were laments of love lost, physical longing and have hints that she may have been criticizing the government in the only way possible in the highly censored climate. In 1942, Spínola won a literary prize from the weekly journal
318:. She won the prize but was stripped of it because they claimed it could not be given to foreign writers. She was disappointed, but entered another contest in December 1929 and won the prize and a monetary award, allowing her to spend Christmas in León with her husband. Her submission was a patriotic piece,
187:
Spínola began her schooling at the
Dolores y Jesús Muños Kindergarten and then attended the Colegio "Central de Señoritas" under the tutelage of Concepción Saravia de Zirión. She was surprised to discover that her textbook prologue had been written by her father. After a time, she changed schools and
381:
With the student revolts, overturn of the Ubico dictatorship and elections of 1944, Spínola's writing took on a more confrontational tone and she openly began to criticize the government and speak of feminism. Her husband was vindicated and elevated to the status as a hero by the leaders of the 1944
442:
She returned from Chile in 1971 for a reunion in the United States with her sister, Stella. But that event was marred when she learned that her daughter Lilian was seriously ill. In April, Lilian died from leukemia and those who knew her said it was the first time grief seemed to defeat Spínola who
342:
The calm didn't last. President Ubico announced that he was running for re-election. Aguilar spoke out against it, as it was against the constitution and the two became enemies. Because of an alleged or actual plot, he and others were arrested and shot, Spínola was imprisoned briefly as well and
179:
Orellana and
Florencia Strecker Frías Her mother died when she was four years old and a year later her father died. She and her sister, Stella were then split up as well, with Stella going to live with her maternal grandparents and Magdalena sent to live with her paternal grandparents. Spínola's
389:
In 1946, the government authorized a printing of 1,500 copies of a poetry collection called "Alondra", but though she needed the money, Spínola did not follow through as she was unsatisfied with the quality of the poems. Throughout the 1940s she remained political, joining several organizations
398:
In the early 1950s, Spínola's son Rafael became a diplomat and had several posts throughout South
America. Spínola took advantage of the opportunity to travel, visiting Chile in 1954 and Peru between 1955 and 1956. During these travels she published pieces in various newspapers in Guatemala,
443:
had lost her parents, husband, three other children, her lover and now her daughter. That same year she received the Gold Medal
Francisco Méndez for her contributions to national literature, but she was too grief-stricken to stay in Guatemala and fled back to Chile and her son, Rafael.
232:, but soon writing took a back seat as she and Efraín Aguilar Fuentes married and began their family. She quickly had five children, but lost a pair of twins and a baby, leaving her with her daughter, Lilian Eugenia, the oldest, and a son, Rafael, named after her father.
155:
Castañeda's cabinet, they became enemies and Efraín
Aguilar Fuentes, her husband, was arrested and shot. She was briefly arrested as well and ostracized by many. She was an ardent feminist and became outspoken about political issues after the fall of Ubico's government.
427:. The 1960s were a busy time as she lectured, wrote newspaper articles and critiques of Guatemalan literature, and traveled. She performed her poetry as well, sometimes in recitals and regularly read them on the radio. In 1967, Spínola was diagnosed with a
386:(Unión de Mujeres Americanas); and became a board member for both the Alliance for Citizenship of Guatemalan Women and the Social Democratic Party. She also released a poem "Elegía del que cayó" publicly rebuking Ubico's execution of her husband.
418:
for the group "Ideas". In 1958 she received a certificate of merit from her alma mater, Belén and in 1959 a similar acknowledgment from the
Association of Guatemalan Journalists. In 1960, she won the first prize at the
343:
even after her release was shunned by friends and family. She found solace from writing and returned to teaching, working at the
Colegio San Sebastián, founded by Monseñor Mariano Rosell y Arellano in 1936 and 1937.
382:
revolution. Increasingly she took on political roles and in 1944 alone, she accepted the presidency of the
Association of Intellectual Women of Guatemala; became the secretary for the Guatemalan chapter of the
322:(Love for the homeland). Three months later, on 27 March 1930, Aguilar graduated with his doctorate in law and returned to Guatemala, joining the cabinet of the newly elected president,
454:, in which he named Spínola one of the nine muses of Guatemala. A few months later, she was awarded the Order of Dolores Bedoya de Molina with the degree of Silver Star by President
255:
and enrolled in the university there. Spínola, who did not accompany him in exile, revived her literary efforts and other tasks to stay busy. In 1925, inspired by successes in
189:
431:
which proved to be malignant. She had surgery and traveled to Chile to rest and recuperate. She was able to realize a dream in 1968, when her first book
407:, which began in the 1940s. They became engaged in the 1950s and planned to marry, but Wyld died in 1956, before they formalized their relationship.
260:
264:
184:, who became her childhood friend and with whom she discussed an awakening love of literature. Asturias would later dedicate his first book to her.
148:
for her literary dreams. After graduating from the country's
Teacher's College, she taught school at a private academy and began to publish poems.
1121:
986:
1066:
1045:
315:
298:
Then in 1927, she began writing poetry again beginning with a poem entitled "Amanecida". She published works regularly in the newspapers
1136:
144:(1896–1991) was a Guatemalan teacher, poet and journalist. Orphaned at a young age, she found encouragement from her childhood neighbor
1116:
192:
graduating with her teaching credentials. She got a job at a private school
Colegio "Josefina González" for the 1914–1915 term.
188:
began attending Colegio de Señoritas San Rosa. Completing her secondary education, Spínola enrolled in teacher's college at the
1141:
1126:
1011:
455:
1131:
399:
especially travel commentaries like "Desde Santiago de Chile" and "Desde la Ciudad de los Reyes" which were published in
213:
268:
436:
181:
145:
383:
284:
276:
55:
280:
236:
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363:
1111:
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994:
217:
314:. Two years later in 1929 she competed in the poetry competition Juegos Florales organized by the
404:
209:
367:
252:
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359:
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415:
160:
461:
Her last years were spent in the company of her grandchildren who had formed the rock band
371:
272:
164:
428:
176:
103:
965:
1100:
465:. In 1990, Spínola's son Rafael died and a few months later, her sister Stella died.
292:
1077:
420:
20:
334:
and life fell into a productive pattern with her writing several hours every day.
49:
468:
Magdalena Spínola Stecker de Aguilar outlived them all, dying on 7 January 1991.
482:
Spínola, Magdalena ; Acuña, Angelina; del Pilar, Marí; Luna, Olga Violeta.
462:
411:
323:
240:
152:
1012:"Poetisa Chic: Fashioning the Modern Female Poet in Central America, 1929–1944"
410:
In 1956, Spínola was honored by a group of Honduran poets and she traveled to
295:
to form the Comité Pro-Ciudadanía to fight for Guatemalan women's suffrage.
248:
85:
1061:(in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Librerías Artemis Edinter, S.A.
256:
244:
350:
and published several poems in the leading woman's magazine of the era,
458:. In 1984, Clara Luz Meneses A. de Soto published Spínola's biography.
175:
Magdalena Spínola Stecker was born on 26 December 1896 in Guatemala to
81:
24:
390:
promoting peace, women's rights, and in favor of a Palestinian state.
403:. For many years, she had kept up a correspondence with the writer
239:, Aguilar's family was persecuted and pushed into exile, first to
326:
Castañeda. Spínola had become a collaborator with the newspaper
450:. In 1981, Horacio Figueroa Marroquín, published a book called
435:
was published in Chile, with a preface by her childhood friend
486:
Guatemala: Talleres Tipográficos Rodríguez (1938) (In Spanish)
1037:
Volver a imaginarlas: retratos de escritoras centroamericanas
993:. Sociedad Genealógica del Norte de México. Archived from
758:
756:
712:
710:
498:
Guatemala: Cultura Centroamericana (1977) (In Spanish)
446:
In 1977, she published her first collection of poems,
1084:(in Spanish). Guatemala: Paraninfo Universitario: 8–9
920:
918:
869:
867:
731:
729:
727:
725:
1078:"Arbenz y la participación política de las mujeres"
1040:(in Spanish) (1 ed.). Tegucigalpa: Guaymuras.
316:
Asociación de Periodistas y Escritores de Nicaragua
127:
119:
111:
92:
63:
40:
1019:Dissertations Department of Spanish and Portuguese
492:Guatemala: Tipografia Nacional (1968) (In Spanish)
354:. Spínola participated in a 1938 anthology called
220:. Buoyed, by her success, she submitted pieces to
972:(in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Albedrio
200:In 1915, Spínola wrote her first story, entitled
490:Gabriela Mistral; huéspeda de honor de su patria
134:Gabriela Mistral: huéspeda de honor de su patria
701:
433:Gabriela Mistral: huésped de honor de su patria
31: and the second or maternal family name is
987:"13356 Don José María Espínola Baeza y Bravo"
190:Instituto Normal Central para Señoritas Belén
8:
964:Aníbal González, Mario (16 September 2004).
163:and one of the first female erotic poets of
1058:Peripecias de unas aprendices de detectives
533:Gabriela Mistral o la madre-maestra cantora
425:Gabriela Mistral o la madre-maestra cantora
48:
37:
569:
452:Las nueve musas del parnaso guatemalense
378:for her "Sonetos del amor eucarístico".
208:, where it was reviewed and accepted by
151:Though her husband was part of dictator
617:
550:
16:Guatemalan teacher, poet and journalist
1076:Monzón, Ana Silvia (16 October 2012).
786:
762:
747:
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7:
948:
936:
924:
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735:
689:
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641:
629:
605:
593:
581:
557:
54:Magdalena Spinola with her husband
966:"Lo que cambió en Octubre de 1944"
14:
1010:Finzer, Erin S. (August 2008).
985:Figueroa, Bill (31 July 2007).
527:Invocación a Santa Rosa de Lima
338:Treason, murder and redemption
228:and the prestigious newspaper
1:
1122:20th-century Guatemalan poets
206:Revista Guatemala Informativa
515:Sonetos del amor eucarístico
251:. He settled in the city of
23:, the first or paternal
1158:
1137:20th-century women writers
509:El preámbulo de la maestra
423:celebration with the work
348:El preámbulo de la maestra
159:She was the biographer of
68:Magdalena Spínola Strecker
18:
214:Virgilio Rodríguez Beteta
47:
1117:Guatemalan women writers
235:Under the presidency of
1034:Gold, Janet N. (1998).
496:Tránsito lírico: poemas
448:Tránsito lírico: poemas
384:Union of American Women
332:El Gráfico de Guatemala
1142:Guatemalan suffragists
1127:Guatemalan women poets
1055:Mendoza, Rosa (2013).
1021:. University of Kansas
277:María Albertina Gálvez
237:Manuel Estrada Cabrera
56:Efraín Aguilar Fuentes
437:Miguel Ángel Asturias
370:de Garcia, which was
281:Clemencia de Herrarte
196:Early writing efforts
182:Miguel Ángel Asturias
146:Miguel Ángel Asturias
1132:Guatemalan feminists
991:Genealogía de México
702:Aníbal González 2004
285:Gloria Menéndez Mina
267:Spínola joined with
521:Elegía del que cayó
421:Day of the Americas
346:In 1937, she wrote
304:Diario de Guatemala
405:Carlos Wyld Ospina
366:de Marroquín, and
306:and the magazines
289:Adriana de Palarea
210:Carlos Wyld Ospina
1068:978-9929-51-003-6
1047:978-99926-15-09-6
813:, pp. 60–61.
765:, pp. 77–78.
680:, pp. 51–52.
668:, pp. 50–51.
632:, pp. 46–47.
596:, pp. 42–43.
414:to lecture about
364:Olga Violeta Luna
330:and the magazine
247:, and finally to
226:Revista La Esfera
142:Magdalena Spínola
139:
138:
120:Years active
42:Magdalena Spínola
1149:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1082:Revista Albedrio
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627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
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591:
585:
579:
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567:
561:
555:
503:Poems and essays
416:Gabriela Mistral
320:Amad a la Patria
218:Máximo Soto Hall
161:Gabriela Mistral
130:
115:writer, educator
99:
78:26 December 1896
77:
75:
52:
38:
1157:
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742:
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723:
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708:
700:
696:
688:
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676:
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664:
660:
656:, pp. 8–9.
652:
648:
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636:
628:
624:
616:
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604:
600:
592:
588:
580:
576:
568:
564:
556:
552:
548:
505:
479:
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372:Central America
368:María del Pilar
340:
273:Laura Bendfeldt
269:Romelia Alarcón
253:León, Nicaragua
204:and sent it to
198:
173:
165:Central America
128:
107:
101:
97:
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79:
73:
71:
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36:
17:
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5:
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997:on 2 June 2015
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878:
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839:
827:
815:
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791:
789:, p. 266.
779:
767:
752:
750:, p. 174.
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658:
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622:
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598:
586:
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536:
530:
524:
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504:
501:
500:
499:
493:
487:
484:Colección lila
478:
475:
473:
472:Selected works
470:
395:
392:
360:Angelina Acuña
356:Colección lila
339:
336:
263:, France, and
230:Quetzaltenango
197:
194:
177:Rafael Spínola
172:
169:
137:
136:
131:
125:
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104:Guatemala City
102:
100:(aged 94)
96:7 January 1991
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67:
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1008:
996:
992:
988:
983:
971:
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957:
951:, p. 74.
950:
945:
942:
939:, p. 73.
938:
933:
930:
927:, p. 72.
926:
921:
919:
915:
912:, p. 71.
911:
906:
903:
900:, p. 69.
899:
894:
891:
888:, p. 66.
887:
882:
879:
876:, p. 65.
875:
870:
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861:, p. 64.
860:
855:
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849:, p. 63.
848:
843:
840:
837:, p. 60.
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831:
828:
825:, p. 62.
824:
819:
816:
812:
807:
804:
801:, p. 61.
800:
795:
792:
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783:
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777:, p. 58.
776:
771:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
744:
741:
738:, p. 56.
737:
732:
730:
728:
726:
722:
719:, p. 77.
718:
713:
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707:
703:
698:
695:
692:, p. 53.
691:
686:
683:
679:
674:
671:
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662:
659:
655:
650:
647:
644:, p. 49.
643:
638:
635:
631:
626:
623:
619:
614:
611:
608:, p. 44.
607:
602:
599:
595:
590:
587:
584:, p. 42.
583:
578:
575:
571:
570:Figueroa 2007
566:
563:
560:, p. 40.
559:
554:
551:
545:
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531:
528:
525:
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449:
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440:
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430:
429:uterine tumor
426:
422:
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293:Graciela Quan
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265:United States
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180:neighbor was
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112:Occupation(s)
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105:
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83:
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62:
57:
51:
46:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1086:. Retrieved
1081:
1057:
1036:
1023:. Retrieved
1018:
999:. Retrieved
995:the original
990:
974:. Retrieved
969:
958:Bibliography
944:
932:
905:
893:
881:
854:
842:
830:
818:
806:
794:
782:
770:
743:
697:
685:
673:
661:
649:
637:
625:
620:, p. 1.
618:Mendoza 2013
613:
601:
589:
577:
565:
553:
538:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
495:
489:
483:
467:
460:
456:Lucas García
451:
447:
445:
441:
432:
424:
409:
401:El Imparcial
400:
397:
394:Later career
388:
380:
375:
355:
351:
347:
345:
341:
331:
327:
319:
311:
307:
303:
299:
297:
259:by women in
234:
229:
225:
222:La República
221:
205:
201:
199:
186:
174:
158:
150:
141:
140:
133:
129:Notable work
98:(1991-01-07)
32:
28:
21:Spanish name
1112:1991 deaths
1107:1896 births
787:Finzer 2008
763:Finzer 2008
748:Finzer 2008
717:Finzer 2008
654:Monzón 2012
463:Alux Nahual
412:Tegucigalpa
324:Jorge Ubico
241:El Salvador
153:Jorge Ubico
106:, Guatemala
1101:Categories
546:References
328:La Noticia
74:1896-12-26
949:Gold 1998
937:Gold 1998
925:Gold 1998
910:Gold 1998
898:Gold 1998
886:Gold 1998
874:Gold 1998
859:Gold 1998
847:Gold 1998
835:Gold 1998
823:Gold 1998
811:Gold 1998
799:Gold 1998
775:Gold 1998
736:Gold 1998
690:Gold 1998
678:Gold 1998
666:Gold 1998
642:Gold 1998
630:Gold 1998
606:Gold 1998
594:Gold 1998
582:Gold 1998
558:Gold 1998
249:Nicaragua
171:Biography
123:1938–1977
86:Guatemala
970:Albedrio
352:Nosotras
312:Mercurio
257:suffrage
245:Honduras
33:Strecker
19:In this
1088:30 June
1025:29 June
1001:30 June
976:30 June
539:En Vela
261:England
243:, then
82:Jutiapa
58:in 1930
29:Spínola
25:surname
1065:
1044:
541:(1971)
535:(1960)
529:(1956)
523:(1944)
517:(1941)
511:(1937)
376:Verbum
358:with
300:El Día
291:, and
1015:(PDF)
477:Books
202:Nubia
1090:2015
1063:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1027:2015
1003:2015
978:2015
310:and
302:and
216:and
93:Died
64:Born
308:Eco
287:,
27:is
1103::
1080:.
1017:.
989:.
968:.
917:^
866:^
755:^
724:^
709:^
439:.
362:,
283:,
279:,
275:,
271:,
224:,
212:,
167:.
84:,
1092:.
1071:.
1050:.
1029:.
1005:.
980:.
704:.
572:.
76:)
72:(
35:.
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