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good lives for themselves and their descendants. The descendants of
Therese Schindler became "most prominent in Wisconsin medical and social circles." The women used their family ties among the Odawa and knowledge about the varieties of regional Native American tribes and culture to build and maintain their businesses. Like Magdelaine in later years, Therese Schindler was based mostly in Mackinac Island.
396:. Pierce and Josette had two children, Josette Harriet Pierce (also known as Harriet Josephine Pierce), born in 1818, and Benjamin Langdon Pierce, born in 1820. Josette La Framboise Pierce died on November 24, 1820. Their son Benjamin Langdon Pierce died in infancy. Magdelaine La Framboise took over the care of her granddaughter
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La
Framboise died on April 4, 1846. Father Henri Van Renterghen of Ste. Anne's honored the request of Mme. La Framboise and had her interred beneath the altar of the church. In the 1960s, Ste. Anne's was renovated and a basement activity center was added. The remains of La Framboise, as well as those
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lists Mme. Laframboise as godmother for many baptisms and witness at many marriages. When the church leaders decided to move the church from its original location, La
Framboise donated the property next to her home as the site for the building. Ste. Anne's Church still stands there today. In exchange
228:
In later years, Magdelaine's older sisters
Therese and Catherine Marcot married and also became active in the fur trade; they took over from their husbands, George Schindler and Jean Baptiste Cadotte, respectively. Although neither became as well-known as Magdelaine, they were upwardly mobile, making
237:
Marcotte married Joseph La
Framboise (1765–1806) in 1794. On September 24, 1795, they had their first child, a daughter, Josette La Framboise (1795–1820). Their son Joseph La Framboise was born in March 1805. (He lived to 1856). Although the couple were married by Odawa custom (known as "the custom
441:
The house where we lived belonged to the widow of a French trader, an Indian by birth, and wearing the dress of her country. She spoke French fluently, and was very ladylike in her manners. She is a great character among them. They were all the time coming to pay her homage, or to get her aid and
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In addition, both women had become friendly with
Elizabeth (Bertrand) Mitchell (c.1760-1827) and her husband. She was the mixed-race wife of the Scots physician David Mitchell (c.1750-1832). He had served since 1774 with the British at Michilimackinac, where the couple married. When the 8th Foot
368:
there, she taught catechism to the parish's children. She was influential in keeping the congregation together in the several years when it did not have a regular priest. Both her activism with the church and work for the education of children secured her a respected place in
Mackinac society.
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ancestry, and French was the predominant language. In the summer trading season, the population could reach 4,000, attracting agents and Native
Americans from the interior. La Framboise was not alone as a woman fur trader. In 1805 her sister Therese moved with her daughter Marianne to Mackinac
31:
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He had begun fur trading and by 1790 built quite a business with his wife's help and her Odawa family connections. They were among the elite traders; they sent their sons to
Montreal for their education and their daughters to Europe. Their lives were quite interrupted by the
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Magdelaine's son Joseph La
Framboise, Jr. became a fur trader and merchant like his parents. He lived along the Minnesota River Valley and also in Montreal, where his mother traveled to visit him. He married Magdeleine "Sleepy Eyes" Sisseton around 1827, a member of the
295:"La Framboise, the half-Ottawa wife of a murdered French trapper, owned a string of trading posts in the Grand River Valley. Reputed to be no ordinary woman — probably for succeeding in an exclusively male trade in the "pays d'en haut" or savage country."
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descent, she was fluent in the Odawa, French, English and Ojibwe languages of the region, and partnered with her husband. After he was murdered in 1806, she successfully managed her fur trade business for more than a decade, even against the competition of
324:. Mitchell lived there with three of their sons, and Elizabeth was with him temporarily. About 1816, she returned to the US with their son William to manage their holdings on Mackinac. They had retail stores at both places and traveled to see each other.
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In the early 21st century, Ste. Anne's Church constructed a crypt in the church for interment and prayer. It honored La Framboise by reinterring her and her family's remains in the crypt on July 26, 2013. Some of her descendants attended the ceremony.
340:, a Michigan pioneer, purchased her business. La Framboise, then 41 years old and a very wealthy woman, retired to a stately home on Mackinac Island. Her son-in-law Captain Benjamin Pierce, commandant of Fort Mackinac, had overseen its construction.
419:, to Jane Dickson, daughter of fur trader William Dickson. She was believed to be 1/4 or half-Sioux through her mother. They also had children. Joseph La Framboise died there in November 9, 1856, Little Rock Creek, Ridgely Township.
146:. She donated land for a new site for the church, and was honored by being buried beneath its altar. As one of the most prominent early businesswomen of the new state, in 1984 she was elected posthumously to the recently established
282:
After Joseph La Framboise was murdered in 1806, Magdelaine La Framboise took over their fur trade. She continued to manage several trading posts, and expanded her business throughout the western and northern portions of Michigan's
457:
of her daughter Josephin Pierce and her infant daughter Josette, who had been buried with her, were relocated and interred in Ste. Anne's churchyard. A historic marker there also recognized La Framboise and her contributions.
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to be educated in French-language schools, but their widowed mother did not have the financial resources to do that when the girls came of age. She moved to Mackinac with Magdelaine and her sisters after the British abandoned
327:
Because La Framboise spoke several regional Native American languages, in addition to French and English, and had a strong network among the Native Americans, she continued to be successful, even in competition with
290:
Fur trading could be a lucrative business: an experienced fur trader earned about $ 1000 per year (which was a large sum at the time). La Framboise was highly successful, earning $ 5000 to $ 10,000 per year.
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274:. This was the first permanent mercantile building in the west Michigan area. Every spring they returned to Mackinac Island with the furs they had acquired through the season's trading.
320:, during which Mitchell rejoined the British Army. Afterward, under pressure by Americans against British nationals trading in the United States, the family moved across the border to
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In the early 1800s Mackinac had a permanent population of about 250. Although it was part of the United States and a territory, most of the residents were still of French and
448:"Juliette Augusta Kinzie described La Framboise as "a woman of a vast deal of energy and enterprise – of a tall and commanding figure, and most dignified deportment."
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missionary at Michilimackinac (Mackinac Island). (Magdelaine/Madeline's surname has also been recorded as Laframboise, and she became known as Mme. La Framboise.)
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La Framboise founded a school on Mackinac Island for Native American children. She also supported a Sunday school and other activities at the Catholic
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full-time after her marriage to trader George Schindler, who was well-respected. They lived nearby and Therese worked with her husband in the trade.
464:
The mansion of La Framboise still stands next door to the church. It has been acquired, renovated and adapted for use as the Harbour View Inn.
364:. She supported the first Catholic school for Native American children on Mackinac Island, starting it in her home. Continuing her devotion to
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of the Odawa. The children's father, Jean Baptiste Marcot, was killed in 1783 by Indians at the portage between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers.
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217:. (This Ojibwe-speaking tribe has been federally recognized since 1854.) This area was later developed by European Americans as
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During the 1830s and 1840s, La Framboise continued to host many prominent visitors to Mackinac Island, including French writer
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225:. Therese and Magdelaine both became fluent in four languages: Ottawa, French, English, and Chippewa (also known as Ojibwe).
193:. They were raised in their mother's culture and learned several languages. Their father had sent the family's children to
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388:. When they later lived in Washington, DC, she was consulted by officials on Indian affairs. Benjamin was the brother of
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wife, Marie Nekesh (c.1740 - c.1790), also known as Marianne or Marie Amighissen. Her maternal grandfather was Chief
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287:. She also raised their two children, sending both Josette and Joseph to Montreal for education in French schools.
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258:, where they established many trading posts. Every fall they would take their trade goods for business with the
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monopoly. About 1818 she became an affiliate of his, and finally sold out in 1822 to his American Fur Company.
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Magdelaine La Framboise and her husband Joseph developed a fur trade in the Grand River Valley of west
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for her gift of land, La Framboise asked to be buried beneath the altar of Ste. Anne's at her death.
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Battle for the Soul: Mètis Children Encounter Evangelical Protestants at Mackinaw Mission, 1823-1837
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John E. McDowell, “Therese Schindler of Mackinac: Upward Mobility in the Great Lakes Fur Trade”
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After her retirement from fur trading, La Framboise taught herself to read and write in both
202:, ceding the area to the new nation of the independent United States in the aftermath of the
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New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2000. American Indian History Online. Facts On File, Inc.
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738:. St Anne's churchyard, Mackinac Island, Michigan. Photographed Oct 2001 by Don Gentner
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Gravestone for Magdalene Laframboise and Josephin Pierce, and adjacent historic marker
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children of Jean Baptiste Marcot (1720–1783), a French factor or chief agent for the
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vol. 7, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed September 11, 2014,
312:, Mitchell chose to resign and stay on Mackinac Island with his wife and children.
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623:? ItemID=WE43&iPin=ind6049&SingleRecord=True (accessed September 22, 2014)
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On April 2, 1816 her daughter Josette La Framboise, known as Josephine, married
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Biographical Dictionary of American Indian History to 1900, Revised Edition.
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of the United States, in the area of present-day western Michigan. Of mixed
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565:, History of American Women, 13 January 2013, accessed 12 September 2014
539:
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For a time Marie lived with her youngest children in a village of the
750:
family tree subsection 3554, Rootsweb.com, accessed December 22, 2006
546:(Madison), 61, No. 2 Winter (1977–78): 125–43, – via
523:
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/marcot_marguerite_magdelaine_7E.html
547:
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Therese (b. 1775) and Magdelaine, the two youngest children, were
175:
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After his wife Magdeleine died, Joseph married again in 1845 in
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1903:
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158:
She was born Marguerite-Magdelaine Marcot in February 1781 at
829:- Hist Soc of WI - this account conflicts with other sources.
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Her first name is sometimes spelled Madeline, Madeleine, etc.
760:
Samantha Redacker, "Memorial Honors Fur Trader LaFramboise"
601:, Michigan Women's Hall of Fame, accessed December 22, 2006
442:
advice; for she is, I am told, a shrewd woman of business.
189:
as Roman Catholic a few years later on August 1, 1786, on
135:. After retiring from the trade, she built a fine home on
654:
A Snug Little Place/ Memories of Ada Michigan 1821 - 1930
641:, Grand Rapids Public Library, accessed December 20, 2006
437:
in which she referred to meeting Laframboise, writing:
426:, who explored the United States and wrote about it, and
270:
area. They built another post at what has developed as
833:
Baptismal records, St. Anne's Church, Mackinac Island
517:
David A. Armour, "MARCOT, MARGUERITE-MAGDELAINE," in
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815:Magedelaine La Framboise, Last will and testament
656:, Ada Historical Society/Jane Siegel, 1993, p. 23
352:House of Magdelaine La Framboise, Mackinac Island
408:tribe. They had one son, Francis La Framboise.
2633:Les Meres et Debutantes Club of Greater Lansing
890:
8:
827:LoC American Memories - on their own account
631:
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615:Waldman, Carl. "La Framboise, Magdelaine",
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238:of the country"), they had their marriage
18:
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675:. University of Toronto/Université Laval
649:
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585:J. E. McDowell, "Madame La Framboise,"
493:
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847:, Grand Rapids Women's History Council
696:
686:
563:Maggie McLean, "Madeline La Framboise"
3266:People from Mackinac Island, Michigan
621:http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp
308:regiment departed in 1780 during the
7:
3246:19th-century American businesspeople
714:Ste. Anne's Church, official website
400:Harriet after her daughter's death.
384:(1790–1850), American commandant of
35:Artist's depiction from descriptions
3281:19th-century American businesswomen
2396:Sister Mary Francilene Van de Vyver
14:
3276:People from Grand Haven, Michigan
2913:American Legion NUWARINE Post 535
519:Dictionary of Canadian Biography,
114:, was one of the most successful
3207:Traverse City Ladies Association
166:. She was the youngest of seven
29:
2531:Dorean Marguerite Hurley Koenig
853:, Michigan's Women Hall of Fame
101:Josette and Joseph La Framboise
213:, located at the mouth of the
1:
1415:Virginia Cecile Blomer Nordby
945:Mamie Geraldine Neale Bledsoe
906:Michigan Women's Hall of Fame
866:, Grand Rapids Public Library
392:, who was elected in 1852 as
148:Michigan Women's Hall of Fame
3079:Elizabeth Jackson (Michigan)
2349:Woman's Hospital Association
1573:Marie-Therese Guyon Cadillac
1204:Louise (Sally) Langdon Brown
783:The Harbour View Inn website
589:(Lansing), 56 (1972): 271–86
553:, accessed 12 September 2014
112:Marguerite-Magdelaine Marcot
3271:People from Niles, Michigan
3010:Margaret Kirchner Stevenson
1680:Carrie Frazier Rogers-Brown
950:Elizabeth Margaret Chandler
638:Making a Difference Exhibit
3302:
2694:Marina von Neumann Whitman
1957:Katharine Dexter McCormick
1937:Cornelia Groefsema Kennedy
1690:Waunetta McClellan Dominic
1512:Catherine Carter Blackwell
841:, Gentner Family, Rootsweb
723:accessed December 22, 2006
310:American Revolutionary War
204:American Revolutionary War
3062:
3051:
2489:
2478:
2386:Jane Johnston Schoolcraft
2181:Constance Mayfield Rourke
2161:Jennifer Mulhern Granholm
1910:
1899:
1322:
1311:
1137:Mary Chase Perry Stratton
923:
912:
845:"Magdelaine La Framboise"
719:October 14, 2006, at the
669:Armour, David A. (1987).
28:
2207:Georgia A. Lewis Johnson
2059:Lucille Hanna McCollough
2003:Francie Kraker Goodridge
1932:Dauris Gwendolyn Jackson
1593:Genora Johnson Dollinger
1461:Luise Ruth Leismer Mahon
1275:Bernadine Newsom Denning
839:"Madelaine La Framboise"
382:Benjamin Kendrick Pierce
2775:Lucille Farrier Stickel
2288:Martha Strickland Clark
2232:Margaret Sellers Walker
1807:Dorrie Ellen Rosenblatt
1741:Four Sisters of Charity
1736:Marion Corwell-Shertzer
1664:Jacquelin E. Washington
1629:Yolanda Alvarado-Ortega
1522:Katherine Hill Campbell
1374:Delia Villegas Vorhauer
1359:Emelia Christine Schaub
1334:Emily Helen Butterfield
1260:Anna Sutherland Bissell
1132:Marjorie Peebles-Meyers
1127:Marjorie Swank Matthews
1056:Emma Genevieve Gillette
1046:Caroline Bartlett Crane
935:Harriette Simpson Arnow
851:"Madeline La Framboise"
599:"Madeline La Framboise"
551:(subscription required)
344:Life on Mackinac Island
242:on July 11, 1804, by a
108:Magdelaine La Framboise
23:Magdelaine La Framboise
3202:Kelly Rossman McKinney
3197:Denise Langford Morris
3176:Danielle Camille Woods
3166:Mary Kramer (Michigan)
2852:Elizabeth Sparks Adams
2760:Marylou Olivarez Mason
2750:Mary Carmelita Manning
2725:Elizabeth Lehman Belen
2156:Geraldine Bledsoe Ford
2039:Julia Wheelock Freeman
2034:Hortense Golden Canady
2018:Joesphine Stern Weiner
1993:Theresa Maxis Duchemin
1983:Cora Reynolds Anderson
1858:Margaret Drake Elliott
1695:Margaret Muth Laurence
1603:Sarah Van Hoosen Jones
1420:Dorothy Comstock Riley
1158:Marion Isabel Barnhart
1066:Magdelaine Laframboise
1015:Lucinda Hinsdale Stone
955:Mary Stallings Coleman
857:- Grand Rapids History
544:Wis. Magazine of Hist.
444:
353:
3256:American MĂ©tis people
3030:Vernice Davis Anthony
2928:Lisette Denison Forth
2892:Lou Anna Kimsey Simon
2755:Barbara Roberts Mason
2704:Elizabeth Eaglesfield
2293:Helen Hornbeck Tanner
2044:Lillian Mellen Genser
1927:Katherine G. Heideman
1817:Martha Jean Steinberg
1792:Hilda Patricia Curran
1644:Lucia Voorhees Grimes
1613:Helen Walker McAndrew
1507:Edith Vosburgh Alvord
1219:Frances Alvord Harris
1163:Patricia Hill Burnett
771:Mackinac Island News,
439:
424:Alexis de Tocqueville
351:
172:Northwest Fur Company
3251:American fur traders
3171:Mary Locke Petermann
3156:Esther Gordy Edwards
3094:Atlas Ruth Westbrook
2684:Joan Jackson Johnson
2526:Sherrill Freeborough
2516:Sandra Laser Draggoo
2258:Mary Esther Daddazio
2115:Eliza Seaman Leggett
2110:Joyce Lewis Kornbluh
2008:Marian Bayoff Ilitch
1952:Marilyn Fisher Lundy
1922:Loney Clinton Gordon
1878:Emily Burton Ketcham
1771:Matilda Dodge Wilson
1746:Della McGraw Goodwin
1705:Betsy Graves Reyneau
1700:Claudia House Morcom
1588:Bertha A. Daubendiek
1527:Lenna Frances Cooper
1491:Charleszetta Waddles
1471:Martha Romayne Seger
1344:Dorothy Leonard Judd
1051:Marguerite de Angeli
985:Laura Smith Haviland
334:American Fur Company
272:Fallasburg, Michigan
211:Lac Courtes Oreilles
3135:Sarah Elizabeth Ray
2984:Clara Stanton Jones
2882:Mary Free Bed Guild
2674:Judith Levin Cantor
2648:Eva McCall Hamilton
2511:Augusta Jane Chapin
2506:Laura Carter Callow
2212:Lida Holmes Mattman
2105:Alice Scanlan Kocel
2074:Muriel Dorothy Ross
2069:Martha Louise Rayne
2049:May Stocking Knaggs
1942:Marjorie J. Lansing
1812:Ella Merriman Sharp
1756:Nancy Harkness Love
1715:Joan Luedders Wolfe
1710:Shirley E. Schwartz
1659:Laura Freele Osborn
1557:Irene Clark Woodman
1532:Roberta A. Griffith
1456:Violet Temple Lewis
1239:Sarah Goddard Power
1214:Marcia J. Federbush
1112:Elizabeth C. Crosby
1081:Jessie Pharr Slaton
975:Martha W. Griffiths
863:Making a Difference
821:"St. Anne's Church"
433:Summer on the Lakes
233:Marriage and family
162:, near present-day
120:Northwest Territory
93:Joseph La Framboise
16:Fur Trader, Pioneer
2979:Mona Hanna-Attisha
2811:Mabel White Holmes
2740:Dorothy A. Johnson
2669:Elizabeth W. Bauer
2623:Mary Jane Dockeray
2592:Rose Mary Robinson
2577:Valeria Lipczynski
2447:Elizabeth Phillips
2442:Kay Givens McGowan
2283:Dora Hall Stockman
2125:Marion Weyant Ruth
2054:Naomi Long Madgett
2013:Mary Ellen Riordan
1962:Kathleen N. Straus
1873:Ella Eaton Kellogg
1481:Sylvia M. Stoesser
1451:Sarah Emma Edmonds
1425:Edith Mays Swanson
1354:Fannie M. Richards
1229:Agnes Mary Mansour
1224:M. Jane Kay Nugent
765:2014-04-07 at the
366:Ste. Anne's Church
354:
144:Sainte Anne Church
110:(1780–1846), born
3261:American pioneers
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3042:
2953:Rosemary C. Sarri
2948:Rosie the Riveter
2938:Verna Grahek Mize
2923:Clara Bryant Ford
2821:Esther K. Shapiro
2770:Mary Ellen Sheets
2628:Judith Karandjeff
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2422:Margaret Chandler
2351:(charter members)
1967:Clarissa M. Young
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1542:Jeanne Omelenchuk
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1285:Jean Ledwith King
1209:Ethelene Crockett
1091:Bertha Van Hoosen
1071:Martha Longstreet
1061:Icie Macy Hoobler
1000:Helen W. Milliken
940:N. Lorraine Beebe
823:, Mackinac Island
804:, MSU Press, 1999
798:Keith R. Widder,
105:
104:
3293:
3192:Gretchen Whitmer
3120:Debra White-Hunt
3064:
3053:
2989:Angela K. Wilson
2958:Elizabeth Wetzel
2897:Charlotte Wilson
2735:Jeanne Findlater
2679:Paula Cunningham
2546:Cynthia J. Pasky
2491:
2480:
2334:Jane Briggs Hart
2237:Elizabeth Weaver
2222:Deborah Stabenow
2176:Cathy McClelland
2130:Bernice Steadman
2090:Mary Agnes Blair
1912:
1901:
1802:Eleanor Josaitis
1766:Sharon E. Sutton
1761:Maryann Mahaffey
1649:R. Louise Grooms
1552:Edna Noble White
1537:Bina West Miller
1517:Jean W. Campbell
1446:Mary Lou Butcher
1364:Mary P. Sinclair
1324:
1313:
1295:Mary Anne Bryant
1183:Rosa Slade Gragg
1076:Elly M. Peterson
1041:Helen J. Claytor
1010:Anna Howard Shaw
960:Wilma T. Donahue
925:
914:
899:
892:
885:
876:
785:
780:
774:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
724:
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666:
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651:
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613:
602:
596:
590:
583:
566:
560:
554:
552:
537:
526:
515:
481:
478:
452:Death and legacy
330:John Jacob Astor
133:John Jacob Astor
68:
66:
33:
19:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3211:
3180:
3144:
3115:Rosalind Brewer
3103:
3099:Dorothy Zehnder
3089:Martha Teichner
3058:
3039:
3035:Terry Blackhawk
3025:Gilda Z. Jacobs
3015:Lucile A. Watts
2998:
2962:
2918:Ella Mae Backus
2901:
2840:
2806:Janet C. Cooper
2779:
2713:
2689:Gladys McKenney
2657:
2643:L. Anna Ballard
2638:Serena Williams
2618:Patricia Caruso
2613:Gladys Beckwith
2601:
2597:Tricia Saunders
2550:
2521:Annie Etheridge
2485:
2466:
2452:Jessica Rickert
2417:Grace Lee Boggs
2400:
2354:
2344:Kathleen Wilbur
2297:
2263:Margery Feliksa
2241:
2197:Margaret Chiara
2185:
2144:
2095:Verne Burbridge
2078:
2022:
1998:Aretha Franklin
1988:Lucile E. Belen
1971:
1906:
1887:
1868:Eleonore Hutzel
1863:Elizabeth Homer
1853:Doris DeDeckere
1843:Patricia Beeman
1831:
1787:Connie Binsfeld
1775:
1719:
1668:
1617:
1561:
1495:
1429:
1390:Rachel Andresen
1378:
1349:Elba Lila Morse
1318:
1299:
1270:Anne R. Davidow
1243:
1234:Helen M. Martin
1192:
1146:
1122:Elmina R. Lucke
1095:
1086:Mary C. Spencer
1024:
1020:Sojourner Truth
990:Mildred Jeffrey
970:Josephine Gomon
919:
908:
903:
811:
794:
792:Further reading
789:
788:
781:
777:
767:Wayback Machine
758:
754:
746:
742:
734:
727:
721:Wayback Machine
712:
708:
695:
685:
678:
676:
672:MITCHELL, DAVID
668:
667:
660:
652:
645:
636:collection 264
634:
627:
614:
605:
597:
593:
584:
569:
561:
557:
550:
538:
529:
516:
495:
490:
485:
484:
479:
475:
470:
454:
428:Margaret Fuller
413:Nicollet County
390:Franklin Pierce
374:parish register
346:
322:Drummond Island
285:lower peninsula
280:
264:Mackinac Island
252:
235:
200:Fort St. Joseph
191:Mackinac Island
164:Niles, Michigan
160:Fort St. Joseph
156:
137:Mackinac Island
75:
73:Mackinac Island
70:
64:
62:
54:
48:Fort St. Joseph
45:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3299:
3297:
3289:
3288:
3283:
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3273:
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3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
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3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3161:Carol Hutchins
3158:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3130:Fannie B. Peck
3127:
3125:Lila Neuenfelt
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3105:
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3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
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3056:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3020:Martha Baldwin
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2943:Bernice Morton
2940:
2935:
2933:Mary Kay Henry
2930:
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2915:
2909:
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2903:
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2900:
2899:
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2854:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2836:Linda M. Woods
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2816:Candice Miller
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2791:Jocelyn Benson
2787:
2785:
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2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
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2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2709:Harriet Quimby
2706:
2701:
2699:Con-Con Eleven
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
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2640:
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2625:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2582:Edelmira Lopez
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2536:Terry McMillan
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2457:Betty Tableman
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
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2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
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2402:
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2378:
2373:
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2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2346:
2341:
2339:Abigail Rogers
2336:
2331:
2329:Carolyn Geisel
2326:
2324:Haifa Fakhouri
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2227:Caroline Thrun
2224:
2219:
2217:Olivia Maynard
2214:
2209:
2204:
2202:Eva Lois Evans
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2166:Lystra Gretter
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2135:Pamela Withrow
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2100:Nellie Cuellar
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1751:Alice Hamilton
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
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1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1634:Irene Auberlin
1631:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1547:Sippie Wallace
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1494:
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1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
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1453:
1448:
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1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1339:Erma Henderson
1336:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1280:Isabella Karle
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
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1200:
1198:
1194:
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1154:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1107:Patricia Boyle
1103:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1036:Virginia Allan
1032:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
995:Pearl Kendrick
992:
987:
982:
980:Dorothy Haener
977:
972:
967:
965:Grace Eldering
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
931:
929:
921:
920:
917:
910:
909:
904:
902:
901:
894:
887:
879:
873:
872:
871:, Find-a-Grave
867:
859:
854:
848:
842:
836:
835:, Rootsweb.com
830:
824:
818:
817:, Rootsweb.com
810:
809:External links
807:
806:
805:
802:(Google eBook)
793:
790:
787:
786:
775:
752:
740:
725:
706:
658:
643:
625:
603:
591:
567:
555:
527:
492:
491:
489:
486:
483:
482:
472:
471:
469:
466:
453:
450:
394:U.S. President
345:
342:
297:
296:
279:
276:
251:
248:
234:
231:
155:
152:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
60:
56:
55:
46:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3298:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
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3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3050:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2994:Kym L. Worthy
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2974:Agatha Biddle
2972:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
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2944:
2941:
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2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Evelyn Golden
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2862:Daisy Elliott
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:Myra Wolfgang
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:Maxine Berman
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:Andra M. Rush
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:MaryLee Davis
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
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2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2653:Mary E. McCoy
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
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2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Marilyn Kelly
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Lois A. Bader
2560:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
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2492:
2488:
2481:
2477:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2437:Glenda Lappan
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:Vicki Neiberg
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Patricia Cuza
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Gertrude Buck
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:Nancy Hammond
2266:
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2259:
2256:
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2251:
2250:
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2244:
2238:
2235:
2233:
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2225:
2223:
2220:
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2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
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2188:
2182:
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2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2140:Ruth Zweifler
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773:2 August 2013
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69:April 4, 1846
61:
57:
53:
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44:February 1780
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
3286:Odawa people
3140:Diana Sieger
3084:Glenda Price
2877:Olivia Letts
2867:Faith Fowler
2567:Jumana Judeh
2541:Edith Munger
2462:Marlo Thomas
2412:Carol Atkins
2366:Carol Atkins
2278:Marge Piercy
2273:Viola Liuzzo
2171:Florine Mark
2064:Lana Pollack
1947:Chuan-Pu Lee
1685:Anna Clemenc
1654:Odessa Komer
1598:Flora Hommel
1578:Ruth Carlton
1486:Lucy Thurman
1466:Gilda Radner
1265:Alexa Canady
1255:Clara Arthur
1142:Helen Thomas
1117:Gwen Frostic
1065:
862:
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677:. Retrieved
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338:Rix Robinson
326:
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289:
281:
266:down to the
253:
236:
227:
208:
184:
179:
157:
141:
111:
107:
106:
3241:1846 deaths
3236:1780 births
3074:Najah Bazzy
2826:Maggie Walz
2745:Julie Krone
2432:Edna Ferber
2253:Cynthia Yao
2120:Ida Lippman
1827:Lily Tomlin
1188:Clara Raven
697:|work=
587:Mich. Hist.
318:War of 1812
268:Grand River
250:Fur trading
219:Grand Haven
215:Grand River
174:, and his
116:fur traders
3230:Categories
2887:Diana Ross
2857:Anan Ameri
2801:Sue Carter
2501:Mary Aikey
2427:Ruth Ellis
2376:Carol King
2309:Mary Brown
1441:Cora Brown
1400:Jan BenDor
1369:Merze Tate
1290:Olga Madar
1178:Betty Ford
1005:Rosa Parks
488:References
278:On her own
240:solemnized
180:Kewinoquot
168:mixed-race
154:Early life
84:Fur trader
80:Occupation
65:1846-04-04
2587:Kary Moss
2391:Leta Snow
2319:Emma Cole
1797:Marie Dye
1410:Jo Jacobs
1395:Mary Beck
699:ignored (
689:cite book
417:Minnesota
763:Archived
717:Archived
256:Michigan
244:Catholic
223:Michigan
195:Montreal
187:baptized
98:Children
52:Michigan
748:Gentner
362:English
118:in the
358:French
128:French
90:Spouse
3057:2020s
2484:2010s
1905:2000s
1317:1990s
918:1980s
548:JSTOR
468:Notes
406:Sioux
301:MĂ©tis
262:from
260:Odawa
176:Odawa
124:Odawa
3185:2023
3149:2022
3108:2021
3067:2020
3003:2019
2967:2018
2906:2017
2845:2016
2784:2015
2718:2014
2662:2013
2606:2012
2555:2011
2494:2010
2405:2009
2359:2008
2302:2007
2246:2006
2190:2005
2149:2004
2083:2003
2027:2002
1976:2001
1915:2000
1836:1999
1780:1998
1724:1997
1673:1996
1622:1995
1566:1994
1500:1993
1434:1992
1383:1991
1327:1990
1248:1989
1197:1988
1151:1987
1100:1986
1029:1984
928:1983
701:help
681:2014
372:The
360:and
126:and
59:Died
41:Born
398:dit
332:'s
150:.
3232::
769:,
728:^
693::
691:}}
687:{{
661:^
646:^
628:^
606:^
570:^
542:,
530:^
496:^
415:,
221:,
206:.
139:.
50:,
898:e
891:t
884:v
703:)
683:.
525:.
435:,
67:)
63:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
