1072:
410:
1647:, and put in chains for the remainder of the journey. Gomes was known to have feelings of animosity towards Magellan (as documented by Pigafetta, who wrote that "Gomes... hated the Captain General exceedingly", because he had hoped to have his own expedition to the Moluccas funded instead of Magellan's), and shortly before the fleet was separated, had argued with him about their next course of action. While Magellan and the other officers agreed to continue west to the Moluccas, thinking that their 2–3 months of rations would be sufficient for the journey, Gomes argued that they should return to Spain the way they had come, to muster more supplies for another journey through the strait.
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40:
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particular, in justifying the mutiny at St. Julian, the men claimed that
Magellan had tortured Spanish seamen (during the return journey across the Atlantic, Mezquita was tortured into signing a statement to this effect) and claimed that they were merely trying to make Magellan follow the king's orders. Ultimately, none of the mutineers faced charges in Spain. Magellan's reputation suffered as a result, as did his friends and family. Mezquita was kept in jail for a year following the trial, and Magellan's wife, Beatriz, had her financial resources cut off and was placed under house arrest along with their son.
1978:, offering him a last chance to accept the king of Spain as their ruler and avoid bloodshed. Lapu-Lapu refused. Magellan took 49 men to the shore while 11 remained to guard the boats. Though they had the benefit of relatively advanced armour and weaponry, Magellan's forces were greatly outnumbered. Pigafetta (who was present on the battlefield) estimated the enemy's number at 1,500. Magellan's forces were driven back and decisively defeated. Magellan died in battle, along with several comrades, including Cristóvão Rebelo, Magellan's illegitimate son.
1664:
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1615:
1423:. On 11 August, two weeks before the fleet left St. Julian, the two were taken to a small nearby island and left to die. Days later, the pilot of the ship San Antonio, Esteban Gómez, shot down its captain, Álvaro de Mezquita, Magellan's cousin, abandoning Magellan's expedition to return to Spain. He returned for Juan de Cartagena and Pedro Sánchez de la Reina, but found no trace of them.More than forty other conspirators, including Juan Sebastián Elcano, were put in chains for much of the winter and made to perform the hard work of
256:
1510:
605:
1595:, Gonzalo de Espinosa led a small ship to explore the further reaches of the strait. After three days of sailing, they reached the end of the strait and the mouth of the Pacific Ocean. After another three days, Espinosa returned. Pigafetta writes that, on hearing the news of Espinosa's discovery, Magellan wept tears of joy. The fleet's remaining three ships completed the journey to the Pacific by 28 November after weeks of fruitlessly searching for the
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elected co-commanders, was left alive and brought to the shore facing the
Spanish ships. Serrano begged the men on board to pay a ransom to the Cebuanos. The Spanish ships left port, and Serrano was (presumably) killed. In his account, Pigafetta speculates that João Carvalho, who became first in command in the absence of Barbosa and Serrano, abandoned Serrano (his one-time friend) so that he could remain in command of the fleet.
1246:
1498:
1966:
1857:(an indication that they had indeed completed a circumnavigation, and were approaching familiar lands). They exchanged gifts with the natives (receiving porcelain jars painted with Chinese designs), and later that day, Magellan was introduced to their leaders, Rajah Kolambu and Rajah Siawi. Afterwards, Magellan would become a "blood brother" to Kolambu, undergoing the local
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1296:, where they ambushed Álvaro de Mezquita, the recently named captain of the ship. Mezquita was Magellan's cousin and sympathetic to the captain general. Juan de Elorriaga, the ship's master, resisted the mutineers and attempted to alert the other ships. For this reason, Quesada stabbed him repeatedly (he would die from his wounds months later).
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us greatly, for we were in tears, only expecting the hour of perishing; and when that holy light was going away from us it gave out so great a brilliancy in the eyes of each, that we were near a quarter-of-an-hour like people blinded, and calling out for mercy. For without any doubt nobody hoped to escape from that storm.
1752:, whose cause was not understood at the time. Pigafetta reported that, of the 166 men who embarked on the Pacific crossing, 19 died and "twenty-five or thirty fell ill of diverse sicknesses". Magellan, Pigafetta, and other officers were not afflicted with scorbutic symptoms, which may have been because they ate preserved
872:. Crew members of other nations were also recorded, including 29 Italians, 17 French, and a smaller number of Flemish, German, Greek, Irish, English, Asian, and black sailors. Counted among the Spanish crew members were at least 29 Basques (including Juan Sebastián Elcano), some of whom did not speak Spanish fluently.
1743:
we only ate old biscuit reduced to powder, and full of grubs, and stinking from the dirt which the rats had made on it when eating the good biscuit, and we drank water that was yellow and stinking. We also ate the ox hides which were under the main-yard, so that the yard should not break the rigging:
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Magellan (along with contemporary geographers) had no conception of the vastness of the
Pacific Ocean. He imagined that South America was separated from the Spice Islands by a small sea, which he expected to cross in as little as three or four days. In fact, they spent three months and twenty days at
1229:
By the third week of March, weather conditions had become so desperate that
Magellan decided they should find a safe harbour in which to wait out the winter before resuming the search for a passage in spring. On 31 March 1520, a break in the coast was spotted. There, the fleet found a natural harbour
1141:
On 27 December, the fleet left Rio de
Janeiro. Pigafetta wrote that the natives were disappointed to see them leave, and that some followed them in canoes trying to entice them to stay. Just before sailing, Magellan replaced Antonio de Coca, the fleet accountant who had briefly assumed command of San
1128:
It is to be known that it happened that it had not rained for two months before we came there, and the day that we arrived it began to rain, on which account the people of the said place said that we came from heaven, and had brought the rain with us, which was great simplicity, and these people were
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then unknown to
Europeans. Dozens of Chamorros came aboard and began taking items from the ship, including rigging, knives, and any items made of iron. At some point, there was a physical confrontation between the crew and the natives, and at least one Chamorro was killed. The remaining natives fled
1654:
reached
Seville approximately six months later, on 6 (or 8) May 1521, with 55 survivors. There ensued a trial of the ship's men which lasted six months. With Mezquita being the only one loyal to Magellan, the majority of testimony produced a villainous and distorted picture of Magellan's actions. In
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On 13 December, the fleet reached Rio de
Janeiro. Though nominally Portuguese territory, they maintained no permanent settlement there at the time. Seeing no Portuguese ships in the harbour, Magellan knew it would be safe to stop. Pigafetta wrote of a coincidence of weather that caused the armada to
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of Spain (future Holy Roman
Emperor Charles V). Magellan's project, if successful, would realise Columbus' plan of a spice route by sailing west without damaging relations with the Portuguese. The idea was in tune with the times and had already been discussed after Balboa's discovery of the Pacific.
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After learning of the favourable conditions that
Serrano found at Santa Cruz, Magellan decided to move the fleet there for the rest of the austral winter. After almost five months at St. Julian, the fleet left for Santa Cruz around 24 August. They spent six weeks at Santa Cruz before resuming their
1205:
On 3 February, the fleet continued south along the South American coast. Magellan believed they would find a strait (or the southern terminus of the continent) within a short distance. In fact, the fleet would sail south for another eight weeks without finding passage, before stopping to overwinter
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The fleet spent 13 days in Rio, during which they repaired their ships, stocked up on water and food (such as yam, cassava, and pineapple), and interacted with the locals. The expedition had brought with them a great quantity of trinkets intended for trade, such as mirrors, combs, knives and bells.
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During these storms the body of St. Anselme appeared to us several times; amongst others, one night that it was very dark on account of the bad weather, the said saint appeared in the form of a fire lighted at the summit of the mainmast, and remained there near two hours and a half, which comforted
596:, took part in the development of the maps to be used in the travel. Several problems arose during the preparation of the trip, including lack of money, the king of Portugal trying to stop them, Magellan and other Portuguese incurring suspicion from the Spanish, and the difficult nature of Faleiro.
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Elcano, however, was able to defeat and capture Ache. According to Scott, Ache was eventually released after a ransom was paid. Nevertheless, Ache left a Spanish speaking Moor in Elcano's crew to assist the ship on the way back to Spain, "a Moor who understood something of our Castilian language,
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In a meeting following the trial, Magellan's captains challenged his leadership. Cartagena accused Magellan of risking the King's ships by his choice of route, sailing South along the African coast. When Cartagena declared that he would no longer follow Magellan's command, Magellan gave the signal
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On 3 October, the fleet departed the Canary Islands, sailing south along the coast of Africa. There was some disagreement over directions, with Cartagena arguing for a more westerly bearing. Magellan made the unorthodox decision to follow the African coast in order to evade the Portuguese caravels
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to fund an expedition to the Moluccas, though records are unclear. It is known that Manuel repeatedly denied Magellan's requests for a token increase to his pay, and that in late 1515 or early 1516, Manuel granted Magellan's request to be allowed to serve another master. Around this time, Magellan
401:. Though the expedition did find a route, it was much longer and more arduous than expected and was therefore not commercially useful. Nevertheless, the expedition is regarded as one of the greatest achievements in seamanship and had a significant impact on the European understanding of the world.
1821:
The fleet reached the Philippines on 16 March, and remained there until 1 May. The expedition represented the first documented European contact with the Philippines. Although the stated goals of Magellan's expedition were to find a passage through South America to the Moluccas and return to Spain
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at the time, Álvaro de Mezquita, was Magellan's cousin and loyal to the captain-general. He directed attempts to rejoin the fleet, firing cannons and setting off smoke signals. At some point he was overpowered in yet another mutiny attempt, this one successful. He was stabbed by the pilot of the
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to be established. Upon arrival at Cape Verde, the crew was surprised to learn that the ship's date of 9 July 1522 was one day behind the local date of 10 July 1522, even though they had recorded every day of the three-year journey without omission. They lost one day because they travelled west
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On 1 May, Humabon invited the men ashore for a great feast. It was attended by around thirty men, mostly officers, including Serrano and Barbosa. Towards the end of the meal, armed Cebuanos entered the hall and murdered the Europeans. Twenty-seven men were killed. Juan Serrano, one of the newly
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The crew consisted of about 270 men, mostly Spaniards. Spanish authorities were wary of Magellan, so that they almost prevented him from sailing, switching his mostly Portuguese crew to mostly men of Spain. In the end, the fleet included about 40 Portuguese, among them Magellan's brother-in-law
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Aganduru Moriz' account of the expedition describes how Elcano's crew was attacked somewhere off the southeastern tip of Borneo by a Bruneian fleet commanded by one of the Luzones. Historians such as William Henry Scott and Luis Camara Dery assert that this commander of the Bruneian Fleet was
1822:
laden with spices, at this point in the journey, Magellan seemed to acquire a zeal for converting the local tribes to Christianity. In doing so, Magellan eventually became embroiled in a local political dispute, and died in the Philippines, along with dozens of other officers and crew.
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failed to rejoin the rest of Magellan's fleet in the strait. At some point, they reversed course and sailed back to Spain. The ship's officers later testified that they had arrived early at the appointed rendezvous location, but it's not clear whether this is true. The captain of the
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On 2 April, Magellan held a conference to decide the fleet's next course of action. His officers urged him to head south-west for the Mollucas, but instead he decided to press further into the Philippines. On 3 April, the fleet sailed north-west from Limasawa towards the island of
1744:
they were very hard on account of the sun, rain, and wind, and we left them for four or five days in the sea, and then we put them a little on the embers, and so ate them; also the sawdust of wood, and rats which cost half-a-crown each, moreover enough of them were not to be got.
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was actually 10 July 1522, a day after their own meticulous records indicated. They had no trouble making purchases at first, using the cover story that they were returning to Spain from the Americas. However, the Portuguese detained 13 crew members after discovering that
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The trial of the mutineers was headed by Magellan's cousin Álvaro de Mezquita and lasted five days. On 7 April, Quesada was beheaded by his foster-brother and secretary, Luis Molina, who acted as executioner in exchange for clemency. The bodies of Quesada and Mendoza were
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for a number of armed loyalists to enter the room and take hold of Cartagena. Magellan called Cartagena a "rebel" and branded his behaviour as mutinous. Cartagena called on the other two Castilian captains (Quesada and Mendoza) to stab Magellan, but they held back.
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with his job also being listed as cabin boy, "ship's boy", or "grummet". Varesa's death is also sometimes described as a suicide from being ridiculed or that he too was outright sentenced to death during the trial. The date of the trial is also given as September.
513:, another Portuguese subject nursing resentment towards Manuel. The two men acted as partners in planning a voyage to the Moluccas which they would propose to the king of Spain. Magellan relocated to Seville, Spain in 1517, with Faleiro following two months later.
1098:) had been known to the Spanish and Portuguese since about 1500, and in the intervening decades, European powers (particularly Portugal) had been sending ships to Brazil to collect valuable brazilwood. The Armada carried a map of the Brazilian coastline, the
2198:, the one surviving ship and the smallest carrack in the fleet, returned to the harbour of departure after completing the first circumnavigation of the Earth, only 18 men out of the original 270 men were on board. In addition to the returning Europeans, the
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The expedition accomplished its primary goal—to find a western route to the Spice Islands. The five-ship fleet left Spain on 20 September 1519 with about 270 men. After sailing across the Atlantic Ocean, the fleet continued south along the eastern coast of
1986:
Following Magellan's death, the remaining men held an election to select a new leader for the expedition. They selected two co-commanders: Duarte Barbosa, Magellan's brother-in-law, and Juan Serrano. Magellan's will called for the liberation of his slave,
1916:, which Magellan learned of from Kolambu. The fleet was guided to Cebu by some of Kolambu's men. They sighted Cebu 6 April, and made landfall the next day. Cebu had regular contact with Chinese and Arab traders and normally required that visitors pay
1691:. By mid-December, they altered their course to west-north-west. They were unfortunate in that, had their course differed slightly, they might have encountered a number of Pacific islands which would have offered fresh food and water, such as the
1162:
marked by three hills was sighted, which the crew believed to be "Cape Santa Maria". Around the headland, they found a wide body of water that extended as far as the eye could see in a west-by-southwest direction. Magellan believed he had found
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of Tordesillas, which would divide the world into two equal hemispheres and to resolve the "Moluccas issue". A board met several times without reaching an agreement: the knowledge at that time was insufficient for an accurate calculation of
1951:, resisted Christian conversion, he ordered his men to burn their homes. When they continued to resist, Magellan informed his council on 26 April that he would bring an armed contingent to Mactan and make them submit under threat of force.
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and announced that he had a message for the captain, Luis Mendoza. Espinosa was allowed aboard, and into the captain's chambers, based on his claim that he had a confidential letter. There, Espinosa stabbed Mendoza in the throat with his
2102:, which had fallen into disrepair, was found to be taking on water. The departure was postponed while the men, aided by the locals, attempted to find and repair the leak. When these attempts were unsuccessful, it was decided that the
1973:
Magellan mustered a force of 60 armed men from his crew to oppose Lapu-Lapu's forces. Some Cebuano men followed Magellan to Mactan, but were instructed by Magellan not to join the fight, but merely to watch. He first sent an envoy to
1894:
in the Philippines, given by the armada's chaplain. Kolambu, his brother (who was also a local leader), and other islanders joined in the ceremony and expressed an interest in their religion. Following Mass, Magellan's men raised a
3216:. Another 12 who had been captured by the Portuguese in Cape Verde made their way back to Spain over the following year. A few other survivors who had been stranded in the Moluccas were returned years later as Portuguese prisoners.
1812:
The next day, Magellan retaliated, sending a raiding party ashore which looted and burned forty or fifty Chamorro houses and killed seven men. They recovered the bergantina and left Guam the next day, 9 March, continuing westward.
3040:
Magellan's expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe and the first to navigate the strait in South America connecting the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Magellan's name for the Pacific was adopted by other Europeans.
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Not expecting such a long journey, the ships were not stocked with adequate food and water, and much of the seal meat they had stocked putrefied in the equatorial heat. Pigafetta described the desperate conditions in his journal:
1134:
The locals readily exchanged food and local goods (such as parrot feathers) for such items. The crew also found they could purchase sexual favours from the local women. Historian Ian Cameron described the crew's time in Rio as "a
1562:. Unlike at Río de la Plata earlier, the water did not lose its salinity as they progressed, and soundings indicated that the waters were consistently deep. This was the passage they sought, which would come to be known as the
1872:), and found that the locals were eager to trade it for iron at par. While at Limasawa, Magellan gave some of the natives a demonstration of Spanish armour, weapons, and artillery, by which they were apparently impressed.
5405:'El libro que trajo la nao Vitoria de las amistades que hitieron con 10s Reyes de Maluco" (Archivo General de Indias, Indiferente General 1528), text in Mauricio Obregon, La primera vuelta al Mundo (Bogota, 1984), p. 300.
1469:. Two men volunteered to set off on foot for St. Julian to get help. After 11 days of hard trekking, the men arrived at St. Julian, exhausted and emaciated. Magellan sent a rescue party of 24 men over land to Santa Cruz.
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Toward the end of October, as the Armada approached the equator, they experienced a series of storms, with such intense squalls that they were sometimes forced to strike their sails. Pigafetta recorded the appearance of
362:, stopped in the Philippines, and eventually reached the Moluccas after two years. A much-depleted crew led by Elcano finally returned to Spain on 6 September 1522, having sailed west across the Indian Ocean, around the
1553:
reported that the storm drew them through a narrow passage, not visible from sea, which continued for some distance. Hoping they had finally found their sought-after strait, the fleet retraced the path taken by the
908:" and a modest salary. He became a strict assistant of Magellan and kept a journal. The only other sailor to keep a running account during the voyage would be Francisco Albo, who kept a formal nautical logbook.
1991:, but Barbosa and Serrano demanded that he continue his duties as an interpreter for them, and follow their orders. Enrique had some secret communication with Humabon which caused him to betray the Spaniards.
2938:
an anonymous Portuguese crew member: a long manuscript, first published in 1937, known as "the Leiden manuscript", possibly written by Gonzalo Gómez de Espinosa and, in all likelihood, a Trinidad crew member
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King Charles pressed for the release of the 12 men held captive by the Portuguese in Cape Verde, and they were eventually returned to Spain in small groups over the course of the following year. They were:
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1927:
As he had in Limasawa, Magellan gave a demonstration of the fleet's arms in order to impress the locals. Again, he also preached Christianity to the natives, and on 14 April, Humabon and his family were
649:
The fleet also carried flour and salted meat. Some of the ships' meat came in the form of livestock; the ship carried seven cows and three pigs. Cheese, almonds, mustard, and figs were also present.
642:
Food was a hugely important part of the provisioning. It cost 1,252,909 maravedis, almost as much as the cost of the ships. Four-fifths of the food on the ship consisted of just two items – wine and
1837:
and traded supplies with them. They spent nearly two weeks on Homonhon, resting and gathering fresh food and water, before leaving on 27 March. On the morning of 28 March, they neared the island of
436:
and establishing direct commercial relations between Spain and the Asian kingdoms. The Spanish soon realized that the lands of the Americas were not a part of Asia, but another continent. The 1494
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Lived ca. 1500–1545, also took part in the Loaisa-expedition of 1525, was saved by the Saavedra expedition and returned to Europe in 1534. He was the first human to circumvent the earth two times.
4961:"Carta de los oficiales de la Casa de la Contratación de las Indias al emperador Carlos V, sobre regreso de la nao "San Antonio" y denuncias de sus mandos de los excesos de Fernando de Magallanes"
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was the only ship to complete the circumnavigation. Details of the ships' configuration are not known, as no contemporary illustrations exist of any of the ships. The official accounting of the
635:
after the Indonesian name for the Spice Islands. The ships were mostly black, due to the tar covering most of their surface. The official accounting of the expedition put the cost at 8,751,125
2935:
Leone Pancaldo: a long logbook 'by the Genoese pilot' (first published in 1826), a letter written on 25 October 1525, a statement on 2 August 1527 and a deposition from 2 to 5 September 1527
2091:). Almanzor was a friendly host to the men, and readily claimed loyalty to the king of Spain. A trading post was established in Tidore and the men set about purchasing massive quantities of
1480:, but managed to build huts and fire, and subsist on a diet of shellfish and local vegetation. The rescue party found them all alive but exhausted, and they returned to St. Julian safely.
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that had followed the sodomy trial during the Atlantic crossing. Around midnight of Easter Sunday, 1 April, Cartagena and Quesada covertly led thirty armed men, their faces covered with
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1521:
On 18 October, the fleet left Santa Cruz heading south, resuming their search for a passage. Soon after, on 21 October 1520, they spotted a headland at 52°S latitude which they named
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a few days later, Serrano reported that the hoped-for strait was in fact the mouth of a river. Incredulous, Magellan led the fleet through the western waters again, taking frequent
878:, who had initially been named co-captain with Magellan, developed mental health problems prior to departure (or, as other sources state, chose to remain behind after performing a
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would remain behind for some time to be refitted, before heading back to Spain by an eastern route, involving an overland passage across the American continent in the area of the
1387:
lost and Mendoza dead, the remaining mutineers realised they were outmanoeuvred. Quesada attempted to flee but was prevented from doing so – sailors loyal to Magellan had cut the
1026:. Magellan could have tried Cartagena for mutiny and sentenced him to death, but at the urging of Quesada and Mendoza, he agreed to merely relieve Cartagena of his command of the
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The following five nonsurvivors are considered to have successfully circumnavigated since they died after the Victoria and Trinidad had crossed the tracks of the outbound fleet.
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Magellan and his men noted that the Rajahs had golden body ornaments and served food on golden plates. They were told by the Rajahs that gold was plentiful in their homelands in
1587:), which could be passed in one of two directions. Magellan directed the fleet to split up to explore the respective paths. They were meant to regroup within a few days, but the
2652:, who had been captured by the Portuguese in the Moluccas, were transported to a prison in Portugal and eventually released after a seven-month negotiation. Only five survived:
1011:
and found Antón guilty, sentencing him to death by strangulation. Antón was later executed on 20 December 1519, after the fleet's landfall in Brazil at Santa Lucia (present-day
7360:
1217:. The ships sailed only during the day, with lookouts carefully watching the coast for signs of a passage. In addition to the hazards of shallow waters, the fleet encountered
1007:. At the time, sodomy was punishable by death in Spain, though in practice, sex between men was a common occurrence on long naval voyages. Magellan held a trial on board the
4516:
2052:
On 21 September, Carvalho was made to step down as captain-general. He was replaced by Martin Mendez, with Gonzalo de Espinosa and Juan Sebastián Elcano as captains of the
2021:
With just 115 surviving men, out of the 277 who had sailed from Seville, it was decided the fleet did not have enough men to continue operating three ships. On 2 May, the
3067:
The full extent of the globe was realised, since their voyage was 14,460 Spanish leagues (60,440 km or 37,560 mi). The global expedition showed the need for an
2979:. This expedition included the most notable Spanish navigators, including Juan Sebastián Elcano, who, along with many other sailors, died during the voyage and the young
6004:
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who was called Pazeculan." This knowledge of the Spanish language was scattered across the Indian Ocean and even into Southeast Asia after the Castilian conquest of the
498:. These letters likely motivated Magellan to plan an expedition to the islands and would later be presented to Spanish officials when Magellan sought their sponsorship.
1185:, the southern continent which was then widely supposed to exist south of South America. They failed to find the southern continent, and when they regrouped with the
2991:
and the two nations had nearly a decade of skirmishing over the possession, which was still occupied by indigenous people. An agreement was reached only with the
409:
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After more than a week exploring Santa Cruz, Serrano set out to return to St. Julian on 22 May, but was caught in a sudden storm while leaving the harbour. The
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Notes on the natural history of the Strait of Magellan and west coast of Patagonia made during the voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the years 1866, 67, 68, & 69
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reading indicating that the voyage would be fatal for him) and was removed from the expedition by the king. He was replaced as the fleet's joint commander by
4300:
4179:
3685:, p. 56: "While court chronicles do not state so clearly, he likely implored the king to allow him to take men, arms, and supplies to the Moluccas..."
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Antonio from Cartagena, with the inexperienced Álvaro de Mezquita who originally had shipped out aboard the flagship from Seville as a mere supernumerary.
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In the event that they discovered more than six islands, one fifteenth of the trading profits with two of their choice, and a twenty-fifth from the others.
6165:
3163:
1281:, respectively. As before, the Castilian captains questioned Magellan's leadership and accused him of recklessly endangering the fleet's crew and ships.
912:, suspected illegitimate son of archbishop Fonseca, was named Inspector General of the expedition, responsible for its financial and trading operations.
1707:. As it was, they encountered only two small uninhabited islands during the crossing, at which they were unable to land, the reason why they named them
6812:
Colección de documentos inéditos para la historia de Chile: desde el viaje de Magallanes hasta la batalla de Maipo: 1518–1818: tomo 7 – Memoria Chilena
2897:'s navigational notes and papers. San Martin, the chief pilot-cosmographer (astrologer) of the Armada, disappeared in the Cebu massacre on 1 May 1521.
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on the highest hill on the island, and formally declared the island, and the entire archipelago of the Philippines (which he called the Islands of
2926:
Gonzalo Gómez de Espinosa: a letter written on 12 January 1525, a statement on 2 August 1527 and a deposition from the 2nd to the 5 September 1527
397:, with the hope that it would discover a profitable western route to the Spice Islands, as the eastern route was controlled by Portugal under the
6514:
Early Mapping of Southeast Asia: The Epic Story of Seafarers, Adventurers, and Cartographers Who First Mapped the Regions Between China and India
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but afterwards was allowed to continue his service as cosmographer. Cartagena, along with a priest, Pedro Sanchez de Reina, were sentenced to be
2033:, spent the next six months meandering through Southeast Asia in search of the Moluccas. On the way, they stopped at several islands including
4964:
2893:. Herrera's account is all the more accurate as he had access to Spanish and Portuguese sources that are nowhere to be found today, not least
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Magellan's crew observed several animals that were entirely new to European science, including a "camel without humps", which was probably a
6834:
6652:
6593:
6227:
2863:, is the main primary source for much of what is known about Magellan's expedition. The first published report of the circumnavigation was
1940:). In the coming days, other local chieftains were baptised, and in total, 2,200 locals from Cebu and other nearby islands were converted.
342:
in history. It also revealed the vast scale of the Pacific Ocean and proved that ships could sail around the world on a western sea route.
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6797:
Colección de documentos inéditos para la historia de Chile : desde el viaje de Magallanes hasta la batalla de Maipo : 1518–1818
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39:
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In 2019, there were a number of events to mark the 500th anniversary of the voyage including exhibitions in various Spanish cities.
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Ginés de Mafra: a detailed account first published in 1920, a statement on 2 August 1527 and a deposition from 2 to 5 September 1527
955:) being the ring-leader of the conspiracy. He also learned that the King of Portugal had sent two fleets of caravels to arrest him.
561:
The expedition was funded largely by the Spanish Crown, which provided ships carrying supplies for two years of travel. Though King
416:
was 18 years old when he agreed to finance Magellan's expedition to the Spice Islands in 1518. He is pictured here in a painting by
369:
The expedition endured many hardships, including sabotage and mutinies by the mostly Spanish crew (and Elcano himself), starvation,
1015:), his strangled body being burnt. Varesa drowned after going overboard on 27 April 1520, having been thrown off by his shipmates.
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Making a Global Image of the World: Science, Cosmography and Navigation in Times of the First Circumnavigation of Earth, 1492–1522
2908:("Diario ó derrotero"), first referred to in 1788, and first published in its entirety in 1837 and a deposition on 18 October 1522
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Within a day of landing at St. Julian, there was another mutiny attempt. Like the one during the Atlantic crossing, it was led by
943:, which were cheaper to acquire there than in Spain). During the stop, Magellan received a secret message from his father-in-law,
928:, at the mouth of the river. There they remained more than five weeks. Finally they set sail on 20 September 1519 and left Spain.
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during their circumnavigation of the globe, in the same direction as the apparent motion of the sun across the sky. Although the
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The fleet entered the Pacific from the Strait of Magellan on 28 November 1520 and initially sailed north, following the coast of
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Not wanting to miss the strait, the fleet sailed as close to the coast as feasible, heightening the danger of running aground on
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A German (before 1500–1527), captured at Tidore 1522 and spent the rest of his life in Portuguese captivity, died in Portugal.
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and another anonymous Portuguese crew member: a very short account, first published in 1554, written by a Trinidad crew member
6340:
526:. Following the arrival of his partner Rui Faleiro, and with the support of Aranda, they presented their project to the king
3139:
To commemorate the 500th anniversary of Magellan's arrival in the Philippines, the National Quincentennial Committee put up
1513:
An allegorical depiction of Magellan discovering the strait that would bear his name, created around 1592 by Flemish artist
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On 22 March 1518, the king named Magellan and Faleiro captains general. He also raised them to the rank of Commander of the
4294:
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6032:...tied up at the docks in the Triana district of Seville...after...a distance, according to Pigafetta, of 14,460 leagues
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Some details about the sodomy trial and its aftermath are disputed. Salomon Antón's name is also given in some sources as
562:
527:
394:
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Since there was not a set limit to the east, in 1524 both Portugal and Spain had tried to find the exact location of the
2852:. Initially published in Cologne in January 1523, it was the first account of the Magellan expedition to appear in print.
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After two weeks of storms, the fleet spent some time stalled in calm, equatorial waters before being carried west by the
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actually the young prince Ache of Maynila (Manila) a grandson of the Bruneian sultan who would later become Maynila's
1078:
had claimed Brazil for Portugal in 1500, 20 years before Magellan's voyage. This 1922 painting depicts his arrival in
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natural ranges were in the Andes mountains. A black "goose" that had to be skinned instead of plucked was a penguin.
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A viagem de Fernão de Magalhães e a questão das Molucas. Actas do II° colóquio luso-espahnol de História ultramarina
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set sail via the Indian Ocean route home on 21 December 1521, commanded by Juan Sebastián Elcano. By 6 May 1522 the
693:
put the cost of the ships at 1,369,808 maravedis, with another 1,346,781 spent on outfitting and transporting them.
383:
in the Philippines and was succeeded as captain-general by a series of officers, with Elcano eventually leading the
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2182:, almost exactly three years after they departed. They then sailed upriver to Seville, and from there overland to
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Magellan. A general account of the life and times and remarkable adventures ... of ... Ferdinand Magellan, etc.
3087:
2995:, signed in 1529 between Spain and Portugal. It assigned the Moluccas to Portugal and the Philippines to Spain.
2146:, with only rice for rations. Twenty crewmen died of starvation by 9 July 1522, when Elcano put into Portuguese
2126:
was captured by the Portuguese, and was eventually wrecked in a storm while at anchor under Portuguese control.
1614:
1454:. The estuary provided shelter and was well situated with natural resources including fish, penguins, and wood.
366:
through waters controlled by the Portuguese, and north along the west African coast to finally arrive in Spain.
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6155:
4512:
2889:
Another reliable secondary source is the 1601 chronicle and the longer 1615 version, both by Spanish historian
2076:
forced the Spanish speaking Granadan Muslims to migrate across the Muslim world even as far as Islamic Manila.
1053:
with his job being alternatively listed as boatswain and quartermaster. António Varesa's name is also given as
977:
896:, a Spanish merchant ship captain living in Seville, embarked seeking the king's pardon for previous misdeeds.
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925:
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110:
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548:) of the lands and islands found, with 5% of the resulting net gains, inheritable by their partners or heirs.
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2009:
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455:) urgently needed to find a new commercial route to Asia. After the Junta de Toro conference of 1505, the
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5355:. Colección de Documentos inéditos para la historia de España, v. 78–79. Madrid: Impr. de Miguel Ginesta.
2900:
In addition to Pigafetta's surviving journal, 11 other crew members kept written accounts of the voyage:
1603:, or Pacific Ocean, because of how still and peaceful the sea was, especially compared with the straits.
1100:
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The right to ship 1,000 ducats worth of goods from the Moluccas to Spain annually exempt from most taxes.
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1412:
for the following three months. San Martín, suspected of involvement in the conspiracy, was tortured by
1338:. The men were brought aboard and persuaded to divulge the details of the mutineers' plans to Magellan.
494:
and take a wife. Serrão sent letters to Magellan from Ternate, extolling the beauty and richness of the
437:
398:
255:
196:
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6747:(in Portuguese). Lisboa, Junta de Investigação Ultramarina-Centro de Cartografia Antiga. Archived from
2999:
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1937:
1112:. Carvalho was enlisted to lead the fleet's navigation down the Brazilian coastline to Rio, aboard the
4745:
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remained at Santa Cruz for two weeks. They were unable to retrieve any supplies from the wreck of the
1326:
The following morning (2 April), while the mutineers attempted to consolidate their forces aboard the
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6478:"Encompassing the Earth: Magellan's Voyage from Its Political Context to Its Expansion of Knowledge"
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was emptied and set on fire. With Carvalho as the new captain-general, the remaining two ships, the
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who were on a hunting expedition in Limasawa. For the first time on the journey, Magellan's slave
1671:, created in 1520, reflects Europeans' misconception of the proximity of South America and Asia. (
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1525:. Past the cape, they found a large bay. While they were exploring the bay, a storm erupted. The
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Giovanni Battista: two letters dating from the 21 December 1521 and 25 October 1525 respectively
2879:. Initially published in Latin, other editions later appeared in Italian, Spanish, and English.
2703:
1573:
1168:
964:
472:
17:
1505:
cuts through the southern tip of South America connecting the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean.
796:
604:
490:, leaving from Malacca in 1511. Serrão reached the Moluccas, going on to stay on the island of
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Le Voyage de Magellan : la relation d'Antonio Pigafetta du premier voyage autour du monde
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1776:, but the ships were unable to land there. Instead, they dropped anchor thirty hours later on
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In 1525, soon after the return of Magellan's expedition, Charles V sent an expedition led by
1890:, Magellan and fifty of his men came ashore to Limasawa to participate in the first Catholic
1237:
The men remained at St. Julian for five months, before resuming their search for the strait.
1116:, and also helped communicate with the locals, as he had some rudimentary knowledge of their
741:
Departed Seville with other four ships 10 August 1519. Broke down in Moluccas, December 1521
373:, storms, and hostile encounters with indigenous people. Only about 40 men and one ship (the
7223:
7203:
7136:
6663:
6545:
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3080:(1273–1331) had predicted that circumnavigators would accumulate a one-day offset, Cardinal
3049:
3017:
in 1578, in the process discovering a different route around the tip of South America, the “
2511:
2456:
2298:
2098:
Around 15 December, the ships attempted to set sail from Tidore, laden with cloves. But the
2034:
1960:
1869:
1692:
865:
840:
Successfully completed circumnavigation, returning to Spain in September 1522, captained by
380:
359:
335:
314:. The expedition departed Spain in 1519 and returned there in 1522 led by Spanish navigator
287:
228:
51:
6711:
Fernão e Magalhães – Herói, Traidor ou Mito: a História do Primeiro Homem a Abraçar o Mundo
747:
661:, was a delicacy enjoyed by captains which may have unknowingly aided in the prevention of
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on a sandbar. All (or nearly all) of the crew were able to clamber ashore before the ship
1462:
1231:
1181:
920:
On 10 August 1519, the five ships under Magellan's command left Seville and descended the
823:
724:
627:
The fleet, consisting of five ships with supplies for two years of travel, was called the
375:
165:
146:
46:
6625:
Autour du Globe? La carte Hazine n°1825 de la bibliothèque du Palais de Topkapi, Istanbul
6097:
2886:, which was written in Spanish in 1522 or 1523, misplaced, then published again in 1530.
1833:, which was then uninhabited. They encountered friendly locals from the nearby island of
592:, a Portuguese who had started working for King Charles in 1518 as a cartographer at the
6586:
Le voyage de Magellan (1519–1522). La relation d'Antonio Pigafetta et autres témoignages
1245:
1158:
that would allow them passage past South America to the Spice Islands. On 11 January, a
354:, allowing the ships to pass through to the Pacific Ocean, which Magellan himself named
7263:
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3183:
3003:
2119:
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would never rejoin the fleet. While the rest of the fleet waited for the return of the
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1109:
1012:
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857:
517:
487:
478:
Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese sailor with previous military experience in India,
307:
295:
275:
6623:
2875:, who interviewed survivors in 1522 and published his account in 1523 under the title
2079:
The ships finally reached the Moluccas on 8 November, when they reached the island of
905:
535:. They reached an agreement with King Charles which granted them, among other things:
7310:
7294:
7213:
7116:
7111:
6503:
6393:
5414:
Damiao de Gois, Cronica do felicissimo rei de. Manuel (Lisboa, 1566), part 2, p. 113.
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347:
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132:
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Historia general de las Islas Occidentales a la Asia adyacentes, llamadas Philipinas
1969:
19th-century artist's depiction of Magellan's death at the hands of Mactan warriors.
50:, the only ship in the fleet to complete the circumnavigation. Detail from a map by
7080:
6283:
3477:
2956:
2433:
2323:
2174:
On 6 September 1522, Elcano and the remaining crew of Magellan's voyage arrived in
1732:
1497:
1341:
Magellan subsequently launched a counteroffensive against the mutineers aboard the
1079:
921:
764:
Deserted in the Strait of Magellan, November 1520, returned to Spain on 6 May 1521
617:
585:
319:
501:
Historians speculate that, beginning in 1514, Magellan repeatedly petitioned King
6512:
3009:
The course that Magellan charted was later followed by other navigators, such as
1372:, killing him instantly. At the same time, the disguised marines came aboard the
7070:
6128:
3188:
3107:
2046:
2015:
1572:("All Saints' Channel") because the fleet travelled through it on 1 November or
1194:
981:
875:
510:
507:
448:
323:
303:
291:
6306:
Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe
6285:
Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe
1221:, storms, and dropping temperatures as they continued south and winter set in.
947:, warning him that some of the Castilian captains were planning a mutiny, with
6733:
6494:
6477:
6468:
6385:
6323:
3313:, p. 156) says that "all her crew except one were able to leap ashore". (
3279:
3262:
2183:
2147:
1965:
1933:
1887:
1825:
On 16 March, a week after leaving Guam, the fleet first sighted the island of
1794:
1716:
1542:
1395:, and Quesada was captured. Cartagena conceded and begged Magellan for mercy.
1135:
1095:
565:
was supposed to pay for the fleet he was deeply in debt, and he turned to the
544:
202:
6729:
José Manuel García. International Congress of History Primus Circumdedisti Me
6439:
6372:; Callaghan, Richard (September 2008). "Magellan's Crossing of the Pacific".
6270:
4884:
4730:
4336:
Butterflies Will Burn: Prosecuting Sodomites in Early Modern Spain and Mexico
6410:
2961:
2501:
2461:
1975:
1948:
1757:
1720:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1303:
subdued, the mutineers controlled three of the fleet's five ships. Only the
1193:. Serrano's claim was confirmed when the men eventually found themselves in
967:
during some of these storms, which was regarded as a good omen by the crew:
879:
327:
311:
6448:
3057:
2003:
459:
commissioned expeditions to discover a route to the west. Spanish explorer
6861:
6419:
6350:
6187:
4172:
2923:: a letter written on 6 September 1522 and a deposition on 18 October 1522
904:
scholar and traveller, asked to be on the voyage, accepting the title of "
7106:
6103:(2nd ed.). New York: Springer Science & Business Media. p.
3266:
3084:
was the first European to give a correct explanation of the discrepancy.
2972:
2824:
2811:
2740:
2624:
2168:
1929:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1466:
1369:
1355:
1289:
1159:
932:
787:
682:
678:
643:
636:
482:, and Morocco. A friend, and possible cousin, with whom Magellan sailed,
6607:(in French). Paris: Éditions Chandeigne, collection " Magellane poche".
5062:
4480:
The Age of Trade: The Manila Galleons and the Dawn of the Global Economy
7157:
6647:(in French). Paris: Éditions Chandeigne, collection "Magellane poche".
6557:
6533:
6045:"Maps of the Magellan Strait and a brief history of Ferdinand Magellan"
4129:
Personnel records are imprecise. The most accepted total number is 270.
3233:
3045:
2988:
2722:
2709:
2496:
2381:
2368:
2313:
1917:
1409:
1218:
1150:
The fleet sailed south along the South American coast, hoping to reach
711:
491:
479:
6881:
5991:
Sir Francis Drake's Voyage Around the World: Its Aims and Achievements
1179:, to probe the 'strait', and led the other ships south hoping to find
440:
reserved for Portugal the eastern routes that went around Africa, and
3265:"). At the time of Magellan's voyage, this tonel was reckoned as 1.2
3250:
3126:
3099:
3095:
3061:
2984:
2797:
2784:
2771:
2735:
2637:
2611:
2598:
2561:
2548:
2535:
2446:
2420:
2407:
2394:
2355:
2342:
2329:
2285:
2272:
2259:
2080:
2042:
2038:
1944:
1865:
1834:
1753:
1749:
1214:
1155:
1023:
1004:
1000:
662:
658:
433:
370:
237:
First to navigate from the Atlantic to the Pacific (Discovery of the
6549:
6156:"Who First Circled the Globe? Not Magellan, Spain Wants You to Know"
5825:
5823:
5810:
5808:
5687:
5685:
5683:
3779:"Marvellous countries and lands; Notable Maps of Florida, 1507–1846"
3249:
Note that many English sources such as Joyner provide these numbers
1334:, a longboat of sailors drifted off course into the vicinity of the
6645:
Idées reçues sur les Grandes Découvertes: XVe-XVIe siècles (2e éd.)
6588:(in French). Paris: Éditions Chandeigne, collection " Magellane ".
4747:
Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery
1003:
with a Genoese apprentice sailor, António Varesa, off the coast of
3595:
Shaping North America: From Exploration to the American Revolution
3272:
3086:
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408:
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63:
6421:
The First Circumnavigators: Unsung Heroes of the Age of Discovery
1579:
On 28 October, the fleet reached an island in the strait (likely
6584:
Castro, Xavier de; Hamon, Jocelyne; Thomaz, Luiz Filipe (2010).
1913:
1777:
1681:
1253:, one of the architects of the attempted mutiny at Saint Julian.
432:'s voyages to the West (1492–1504) had the goal of reaching the
331:
6885:
6188:"PH to mark 'Filipino-centric' circumnavigation quincentennial"
475:
in 1516 while exploring South America in the service of Spain.
3721:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3531:
The Conquest of the Ocean: An Illustrated History of Seafaring
2164:
1805:) as they retreated. For this act, Magellan called the island
1086:
On 29 November, the fleet reached the approximate latitude of
6789:
Historia de las Indias (vol. 3 de 5) - Bartolomé De Las Casas
5840:
5838:
3129:
to honour the circumnavigation route; the proposal was for a
3817:
Congreso Internacional de Historia 'Primus Circumdedisti Me'
3736:
3734:
3296:, p. 96) gives a date of 11 January for this, whereas (
3257:" without converting their values from the actual unit, the
2095:
in exchange for goods such as cloth, knives, and glassware.
1311:) remained loyal to Magellan, along with the flag ship, the
6072:
Overcoming Ptolemy: The Revelation of an Asian World Region
5486:
To the Ends of the Earth: The Age of the European Explorers
3500:"Ferdinand Magellan – Early Years, Expedition & Legacy"
2911:
Martín de Ayamonte: a short account first published in 1933
1920:
in order to trade. Magellan convinced the island's leader,
1022:
Immediately following the episode, Cartagena was placed in
581:, who provided a quarter of the funds and goods to barter.
539:
Monopoly of the discovered route for a period of ten years.
6833:(in Spanish). Translated by Carlos Amoretti. Madrid: n/a.
5383:
Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society
5317:
5315:
5182:
5180:
4075:
4073:
2752:
5 men buried at sea after completing the circumnavigation
1853:
found that he was able to communicate with the natives in
516:
On arrival in Seville, Magellan contacted Juan de Aranda,
6875:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5552:
5550:
3377:"Spice Islands (Moluccas): 250 Years of Maps (1521–1760)"
1793:
with the goods they had obtained, also taking Magellan's
1108:
s pilot, João Lopes Carvalho, who had previously visited
1104:(the "Book of the Sea"), and also had a crew member, the
999:
s Sicilian master, Salomon Antón was caught in an act of
7244:
Elcano & Magellan: The First Voyage Around the World
6878:. Official site for the 5th centenary of the expedition.
4584:
4582:
4360:
Reyes, Raquel A. G.; Clarence-Smith, William G. (2012).
4151:
4149:
4060:
4058:
2983:. They had difficulty reaching the Moluccas, docking at
2106:
would leave for Spain via a western route, and that the
1841:
and encountered some natives in canoes who then alerted
1349:
switch clothing with the stray sailors and approach the
1090:. The coastline of Brazil (which Pigafetta refers to as
1030:
and allow him to move freely within the confines of the
6876:
Primera vuelta al mundo Magallanes-Elcano. V Centenario
4399:
4397:
4395:
3819:. Valladolid: Ministerio de Defensa. pp. 179–188.
3550:
Distance of Magellan's voyage: 37,560 miles (60,440 km)
3317:, p. 157) says "all the men aboard ship survived".
2917:
Hernando de Bustamante: a deposition on 18 October 1522
1772:. The first land they spotted was likely the island of
1621:(Discovery of the Strait of Magellan), oil painting by
1427:
the ships, repairing their structure and scrubbing the
1034:. Antonio de Coca replaced Cartagena as captain of the
939:, where they took in supplies (including vegetable and
6450:
East by West, The New Navigation of Ferdinand Magellan
5049:(1959). "Spanish discoveries in the Central Pacific".
4447:
The Great Explorers: The European Discovery of America
3179:
Spanish colonization attempt of the Strait of Magellan
2202:
had aboard three Moluccans who came aboard at Tidore.
1284:
The mutiny at St. Julian was more calculated than the
7264:
BalikBayan #1: Memories of Overdevelopment, Redux VII
7179:
2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines
6074:. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. pp. 47–48.
5346:
5344:
5342:
3121:
2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines
1461:
was tossed about by strong winds and currents before
463:
reached the Pacific Ocean in 1513 after crossing the
260:
Route taken by the expedition, with milestones marked
231:
of Earth (completed by Elcano after Magellan's death)
6333:
Magellan and the first circumnavigation of the world
5650:
2987:. The Portuguese were already established in nearby
1943:
When Magellan learned that a group on the island of
1748:
Moreover, most of the men suffered from symptoms of
1545:. Three days later, the fleet was reunited, and the
1315:, which Magellan commanded. The mutineers aimed the
1249:
Artist's depiction of the fatal stabbing of captain
685:(Spanish "carraca" or "nao"; Portuguese "nau"). The
7187:
7129:
7099:
7053:
7046:
7004:
6928:
6220:"Quincentennial marker unveiled in Homonhon Island"
379:) completed the circumnavigation. Magellan himself
248:
220:
188:
180:
138:
127:
106:
85:
69:
59:
6758:O drama de Magalhães e a volta ao mundo sem querer
6282:
6265:(3rd ed.). London: Adam & Charles Black.
5385:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
2118:departed and attempted to return to Spain via the
673:The fleet initially consisted of five ships, with
334:, the nearly three-year voyage achieved the first
3592:Seelye Jr., James E.; Selby, Shawn, eds. (2018).
639:, including the ships, provisions, and salaries.
577:the Crown obtained the participation of merchant
6692:A Viagem de Fernão de Magalhães e os Portugueses
6631:(in French). CFC, volume 216. pp. 119–134.
2964:, and each gave the islands to their sovereign.
1675:, the large island outlined in yellow, is Japan)
1323:but made no further overtures during the night.
3212:18 men returned on 6 September 1522 aboard the
2882:In addition, there is an extant chronicle from
6713:(in Portuguese). Manuscrito: Queluz de Baixo.
6643:Castro, Xavier de; Duviols, Jean-Paul (2019).
6453:. Kew (Vic): Australian Scholarly Publishing.
4107:Magellan and the First Voyage Around the World
3977:
3561:Redondo, J.M.G., & Martín, J.M.M. (2021).
3125:In 2017, Portugal submitted an application to
2159:was carrying spices from the East Indies. The
1723:. The second, sighted 21 February, they named
1566:. At the time, Magellan referred to it as the
844:. Mendoza was killed during a mutiny attempt.
6897:
5976:
5964:
5940:
5928:
5916:
5904:
5880:
5856:
5829:
5814:
5799:
5775:
5739:
5727:
5703:
5691:
5662:
5638:
5626:
5614:
5075:
3795:
3143:to mark the points where the fleet anchored.
2975:, claiming that they were in his zone of the
1567:
1124:be warmly received by the indigenous people:
650:
444:and the Portuguese arrived in India in 1498.
8:
4183:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3326:Variously romanised in different sources as
2861:Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo
2648:Between 1525 and 1526, the survivors of the
2083:. They were greeted by the island's leader,
2041:. During this time, they engaged in acts of
1711:. The first, sighted 24 January, they named
213:returned after hard labor in the East Indies
32:
7361:Spanish exploration in the Age of Discovery
6668:(in French). Bruxelles: Éditions Complexe.
3881:La Primera Vuelta al Mundo: La Nao Victoria
2932:Martín Méndez : the Victoria's logbook
2087:(known to the officers by the Spanish name
1735:. They crossed the equator on 13 February.
1359:, Gonzalo de Espinosa, also approached the
286:. One of the most important voyages in the
7184:
7050:
6904:
6890:
6882:
6799:(in Spanish). Santiago: Imprenta Ercilla.
4205:
3725:
3164:Chronology of European exploration of Asia
2186:, where they appeared before the Emperor.
1756:which (unbeknownst to them) contained the
1541:were driven deeper into the bay, toward a
486:, was part of the first expedition to the
254:
38:
6493:
6482:International Journal of Maritime History
4744:Murphy, Patrick J.; Coye, Ray W. (2013).
4339:. University of Texas Press. p. 59.
4110:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 39.
2477:12 men returned to Spain from Cape Verde
1619:Descubrimiento del estrecho de Magallanes
1391:s cables, causing it to drift toward the
1094:in his diary, after the Italian term for
834:45 then 46 after a stop-over in Tenerife
807:31 then 33 after a stop-over in Tenerife
781:44 then 45 after a stop-over in Tenerife
735:62 then 61 after a stop-over in Tenerife
551:A fifth of the gains from the expedition.
393:The expedition was funded mostly by King
5602:
5541:
5471:
5459:
5447:
5435:
5423:
5365:
5306:
5294:
5282:
5270:
5246:
5210:
5198:
5159:
5147:
5135:
5111:
5099:
5033:
4985:
4947:
4935:
4923:
4911:
4846:
4834:
4822:
4798:
4708:
4684:
4672:
4648:
4612:
4600:
4561:
4549:
4537:
4483:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 45.
4427:
4415:
4386:
4265:
4253:
4229:
4140:
4079:
3917:
3893:
3866:
3854:
3670:
3634:
3314:
3297:
3225:
2750:
2654:
2475:
2204:
1129:easily converted to the Christian faith.
695:
27:16th-century Spanish maritime expedition
6538:The Hispanic American Historical Review
5333:
5321:
5258:
5234:
5222:
5186:
5123:
5057:(4). Wellington, New Zealand: 291–293.
5021:
5009:
4997:
4963:(in Spanish). Consejo de Indias. 1521.
4870:
4858:
4810:
4786:
4696:
4660:
4636:
4624:
4588:
4573:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4241:
4217:
3941:
3622:
3570:. Culture & History Digital Journal
3368:
3310:
3293:
3205:
2163:managed to escape with its cargo of 26
1768:On 6 March 1521, the fleet reached the
1442:In late April, Magellan dispatched the
6564:from the original on 22 September 2022
6168:from the original on 24 September 2019
5952:
5892:
5868:
5844:
5787:
5763:
5751:
5715:
5674:
5617:, pp. 23, 71, 883–918, 1033–1034.
5590:
5573:
5556:
5520:
5508:
5171:
5087:
4505:"Log-Book of Francisco Alvo or Alvaro"
4403:
4193:
4155:
4091:
4064:
4049:
4037:
4025:
4013:
4001:
3989:
3965:
3953:
3929:
3905:
3836:from the original on 22 September 2019
3764:
3752:
3740:
3706:
3694:
3682:
3658:
3646:
3237:
3191:, hypothetical continent south of the
2656:5 men returning between 1525 and 1526
1082:and first encounter with the natives.
931:On 26 September, the fleet stopped at
201:12 were captured by the Portuguese in
31:
6517:. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions (HK).
6335:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
6154:Minder, Raphael (20 September 2019).
6051:from the original on 18 December 2010
4472:
4470:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4363:Sexual Diversity in Asia, c. 600–1950
4328:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4307:from the original on 12 November 2020
3025:(with minor variations in course) by
1760:necessary to protect against scurvy.
447:Given the economic importance of the
131:Find a western maritime route to the
7:
6840:from the original on 31 January 2023
6424:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
6135:from the original on 23 October 2019
4893:from the original on 13 January 2007
3810:"Los barcos de la armada del Maluco"
3587:
3585:
3523:
3521:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3406:
1569:Estrecho (Canal) de Todos los Santos
1167:, though in fact he had reached the
6827:Primer Viaje Alrededor del Mundo...
6741:Mota, Alvelino Teixeira da (1975).
6694:(in Portuguese). Lisboa: Presença.
6364:. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas.
5351:de Aganduru Moriz, Rodrigo (1882).
4721:Hildebrand, Arthur Sturges (1925).
3174:Military history of the Philippines
3159:Timeline of the Magellan expedition
2049:bound for China from the Moluccas.
310:, or Spice Islands, in present-day
6795:Toribio Medina, José (1888–1902).
6760:(in Portuguese). Lisboa: Gradiva.
6638:from the original on 28 July 2019.
4967:from the original on 17 March 2022
4519:from the original on 16 April 2019
3240:labels all five ships as carracks.
3236:and the other four were carracks.
2206:18 men returned to Seville aboard
1845:warships of two local rulers from
1533:made it out to open seas, but the
886:and as cosmographer/astrologer by
868:and Magellan's indentured servant
25:
6665:La découverte de l'Amérique: 1492
6358:Cunnigham, Robert Oliver (1871).
6200:from the original on 21 July 2020
5051:Journal of the Polynesian Society
4333:Carvajal, Federico Garza (2010).
3567:Spanish National Research Council
3466:Cartwright, Mark (16 June 2021).
6867:Magellan-Elcano circumnavigation
6860:
6786:(in French). Paris : Seuil.
6782:Las Casas, Bartolomé de (2002).
6308:(audio book). Blackstone Audio.
5651:Fitzpatrick & Callaghan 2008
4768:from the original on 26 May 2019
4509:The First Voyage Round the World
4296:The First Voyage Round the World
3883:. Servilla: Munoz Moya Editores.
3879:Vial, Ignacio Fernandez (2001).
3300:, p. 105) gives 10 January.
3092:Quincentennial historical marker
2891:Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas
2152:surprised to learn that the date
1780:, where they were met by native
1599:. Magellan named the waters the
1472:The other 35 survivors from the
542:Their appointment as governors (
358:. The fleet completed the first
350:, and eventually discovered the
18:Magellan-Elcano circumnavigation
6447:Mawer, Granville Allen (2022).
6226:. 18 March 2021. Archived from
6099:The Geometry of Biological Time
3283:, or 0.6 English shipping tons.
2859:'s journal, later published as
2844:Cover page of Roman edition of
2430:Juan de Santander (Sant Andrés)
1829:, then landed on the island of
1345:. He had some marines from the
992:During the ocean crossing, the
697:Ships of Magellan's expedition
6374:The Journal of Pacific History
6263:The Exploration of the Pacific
4445:Morison, Samuel Eliot (1986).
4104:Nancy Smiler Levinson (2001).
3798:, pp. 61, 331 footnote 2.
988:Sodomy trial and failed mutiny
322:after Magellan's death in the
294:—its purpose was to cross the
278:expedition planned and led by
1:
7142:First Mass in the Philippines
5993:. San Francisco: John Howell.
5665:, pp. 659 & 660–696.
5629:, pp. 71, 919–942, 1021.
3023:retraced completely submerged
2150:for provisions. The crew was
1924:, to waive this requirement.
1882:First Mass in the Philippines
1727:(Sharks in Spanish) – likely
1138:of feasting and lovemaking".
1062:Passage through South America
790:in the Philippines, May 1521
420:
7336:Exploration of South America
6824:Walls y Merino, ed. (1899).
6756:Thomaz, Luís Filipe (2018).
6709:Garcia, José Manuel (2019).
6690:Garcia, José Manuel (2007).
6013:Princeton University Library
3777:Ehrenberg, Ralph E. (2002).
3430:Princeton University Library
3385:Princeton University Library
3133:called "Route of Magellan".
2906:the Victoria's pilot logbook
1903:) as a possession of Spain.
6304:Bergreen, Laurence (2006).
6095:Winfree, Arthur T. (2001).
4174:"Magellan, Ferdinand"
3808:González, Fernando (2018).
2352:Antonio Hernández Colmenero
600:Construction and provisions
209:in 1521, and 4 (or 5) from
7382:
7234:Over the Edge of the World
6070:Gunn, Geoffrey C. (2018).
4513:Stanley, Henry Edward John
3473:World History Encyclopedia
3169:History of the Philippines
3118:
3036:Scientific accomplishments
3021:.” In 1960, the route was
1958:
1932:and given an image of the
1879:
1684:and then the Philippines.
1667:The western hemisphere of
272:Magellan–Elcano expedition
7091:Maximilianus Transylvanus
7066:Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca
6919:
6622:Couto, Dejanirah (2013).
6534:"Magellan Historiography"
6532:Torodash, Martin (1971).
6495:10.1177/08438714221123468
6386:10.1080/00223340802303611
5989:Wagner, Henry R. (1926).
5641:, pp. 506, 945–1015.
4477:Giraldez, Arturo (2015).
3600:Bloomsbury Publishing USA
3048:, whose range extends to
2869:Maximilianus Transylvanus
2846:Maximilianus Transylvanus
2768:Diego Garcia de Trigueros
2732:Gonzalo Gómez de Espinosa
2719:Juan Rodríguez "El Sordo"
959:which were pursuing him.
571:Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca
253:
37:
6476:Salonia, Matteo (2022).
6405:. International Marine.
5653:, pp. 149–150, 159.
2871:, a relative of sponsor
2391:Juan Rodríguez de Huelva
1764:Guam and the Philippines
1669:Johannes Schöner's globe
1171:. Magellan directed the
978:South Equatorial Current
608:A modern replica of the
7316:1521 in the Philippines
6817:19 October 2019 at the
6662:Heers, Jacques (1991).
6603:Castro, Xavier (2018).
6511:Suárez, Thomas (1999).
5484:Koch, Peter O. (2015).
4451:Oxford University Press
4180:Encyclopædia Britannica
3709:, pp. 87, 296–298.
3069:International Date Line
2884:Peter Martyr d'Anghiera
2122:. This attempt failed.
2114:. Several weeks later,
1623:Álvaro Casanova Zenteno
1489:search for the strait.
1353:in their longboat. His
1261:(former captain of the
980:to the vicinity of the
290:—and in the history of
270:, sometimes termed the
205:, 55 returned with the
115:; 502 years ago
94:; 505 years ago
7346:1520s in South America
7341:1510s in South America
7331:Expeditions from Spain
7204:First Mass at Limasawa
6418:Kelsey, Harry (2016).
6193:Philippine News Agency
6015:. 2010. Archived from
4883:"Ferdinand Magellan".
3528:Lavery, Brian (2013).
3432:. 2010. Archived from
3387:. 2010. Archived from
3111:
2969:García Jofre de Loaísa
2951:Subsequent expeditions
2877:De Moluccis Insulis...
2853:
2850:De Moluccis Insulis...
2295:Hernándo de Bustamante
2167:of spices (cloves and
2045:, including robbing a
2018:
1970:
1746:
1676:
1626:
1568:
1518:
1506:
1254:
1131:
1083:
974:
657:, made from preserved
651:
624:
426:
234:First Pacific crossing
92:20 September 1519
7047:Non-expedition people
6941:Juan Sebastián Elcano
6370:Fitzpatrick, Scott M.
6331:Cameron, Ian (1974).
6009:library.princeton.edu
4886:Catholic Encyclopedia
4752:Yale University Press
3426:library.princeton.edu
3381:library.princeton.edu
3090:
3004:Manila-Acapulco route
2977:Treaty of Tordesillas
2921:Juan Sebastián Elcano
2843:
2227:Juan Sebastián Elcano
2176:Sanlúcar de Barrameda
2006:
1968:
1886:On Sunday, 31 March,
1809:(Island of Thieves).
1741:
1719:in Spanish) – likely
1680:sea, before reaching
1666:
1617:
1512:
1500:
1248:
1126:
1074:
969:
926:Sanlúcar de Barrameda
916:Crossing the Atlantic
894:Juan Sebastián Elcano
842:Juan Sebastián Elcano
607:
584:Expert cartographers
575:Casa de Contratación,
569:. Through archbishop
461:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
438:Treaty of Tordesillas
414:King Charles of Spain
412:
399:Treaty of Tordesillas
316:Juan Sebastián Elcano
274:, was a 16th-century
113:6 September 1522
111:Sanlúcar de Barrameda
90:Sanlúcar de Barrameda
80:Juan Sebastián Elcano
6976:Andrés de San Martín
6869:at Wikimedia Commons
6736:on 16 February 2020.
6401:Joyner, Tim (1992).
6005:"Ferdinand Magellan"
5379:Scott, William Henry
5213:, pp. 243, 245.
4293:Pigafetta, Antonio.
3625:, pp. 211, 214.
3468:"Ferdinand Magellan"
3422:"Ferdinand Magellan"
3015:his circumnavigation
2895:Andrés de San Martín
2794:Martín de Magallanes
2521:Richard de Normandía
1807:Isla de los Ladrones
1088:Cape Saint Augustine
1076:Pedro Álvares Cabral
888:Andrés de San Martín
813:Wrecked in storm at
691:Casa de Contratación
594:Casa de Contratación
523:Casa de Contratación
503:Manuel I of Portugal
430:Christopher Columbus
7301:Magellan expedition
7076:Christopher de Haro
6913:Magellan expedition
6129:"Route of Magellan"
5979:, pp. 783–787.
5967:, pp. 757–782.
5955:, pp. 323–324.
5943:, pp. 861–880.
5931:, pp. 859–861.
5919:, pp. 841–858.
5907:, pp. 733–755.
5895:, pp. 319–320.
5883:, pp. 631–657.
5871:, pp. 317–318.
5859:, pp. 697–732.
5847:, pp. 313–314.
5832:, pp. 859–880.
5817:, pp. 845–858.
5802:, pp. 837–840.
5790:, pp. 308–309.
5778:, pp. 613–616.
5766:, pp. 304–305.
5742:, pp. 841–845.
5730:, pp. 599–601.
5706:, pp. 603–612.
5694:, pp. 618–630.
5450:, pp. 363–365.
5438:, pp. 349–350.
5201:, pp. 244–245.
5162:, pp. 229–231.
5126:, pp. 167–169.
5114:, pp. 224–226.
5102:, pp. 217–218.
4988:, pp. 297–312.
4950:, pp. 187–188.
4849:, pp. 189–190.
4837:, pp. 170–173.
4825:, pp. 157–159.
4813:, pp. 116–117.
4801:, pp. 155–156.
4699:, pp. 109–111.
4687:, pp. 148–149.
4675:, pp. 141–143.
4663:, pp. 108–109.
4651:, pp. 115–117.
4639:, pp. 101–103.
4028:, pp. 49, 337.
3978:Walls y Merino 1899
3932:, pp. 93, 245.
3743:, pp. 87, 296.
3131:World Heritage Site
2753:
2657:
2478:
2443:Vasco Gómez Gallego
2378:Francisco Rodríguez
2282:Martín de Judicibus
2211:
2007:Burning of the Nao
1406:drawn and quartered
1101:Livro da Marinharia
698:
681:. All or most were
614:Nao Victoria Museum
268:Magellan expedition
34:
33:Magellan expedition
7174:Strait of Magellan
7169:Santo Niño de Cebú
6996:Enrique of Malacca
6956:Martín de Ayamonte
6936:Ferdinand Magellan
6784:Histoire des Indes
6289:. William Morrow.
6279:Bergreen, Laurence
6161:The New York Times
5977:Castro et al. 2010
5965:Castro et al. 2010
5941:Castro et al. 2010
5929:Castro et al. 2010
5917:Castro et al. 2010
5905:Castro et al. 2010
5881:Castro et al. 2010
5857:Castro et al. 2010
5830:Castro et al. 2010
5815:Castro et al. 2010
5800:Castro et al. 2010
5776:Castro et al. 2010
5740:Castro et al. 2010
5728:Castro et al. 2010
5704:Castro et al. 2010
5692:Castro et al. 2010
5663:Castro et al. 2010
5639:Castro et al. 2010
5627:Castro et al. 2010
5615:Castro et al. 2010
5076:Castro et al. 2010
3980:, Annex 3, p. 174.
3796:Castro et al. 2010
3193:Strait of Magellan
3112:
3094:of the arrival at
3000:Andrés de Urdaneta
2993:Treaty of Zaragoza
2981:Andrés de Urdaneta
2854:
2836:Accounts of voyage
2781:Pedro de Valpuesta
2751:
2655:
2584:Pedro de Chindurza
2476:
2365:Nícolas de Napolés
2205:
2074:Emirate of Granada
2019:
1971:
1938:Santo Niño de Cebu
1851:Enrique of Malacca
1709:Islas Infortunadas
1677:
1627:
1564:Strait of Magellan
1519:
1515:Johannes Stradanus
1507:
1503:Strait of Magellan
1493:Strait of Magellan
1484:Move to Santa Cruz
1273:, captains of the
1255:
1230:which they called
1084:
922:Guadalquivir River
870:Enrique of Malacca
731:Ferdinand Magellan
696:
653:Carne de membrillo
633:Armada de Molucca,
625:
469:Juan Díaz de Solís
427:
395:Charles I of Spain
352:Strait of Magellan
326:. Totaling 60,440
318:, who crossed the
284:Ferdinand Magellan
239:Strait of Magellan
74:Ferdinand Magellan
7326:Circumnavigations
7288:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7277:
7269:
7259:
7249:
7239:
7229:
7219:
7209:
7199:
7164:Puerto San Julián
7158:Patagonian giants
7125:
7124:
6971:Gaspar de Quesada
6961:Juan de Cartagena
6946:Antonio Pigafetta
6865:Media related to
6614:978-2-36732-125-7
6431:978-0-300-22086-5
6315:978-0-7927-4395-8
6296:978-0-06-093638-9
6114:978-1-4757-3484-3
5495:978-0-7864-8380-8
4552:, pp. 95–98.
4490:978-1-4422-4352-1
4460:978-0-19-504222-1
4430:, pp. 94–95.
4389:, pp. 92–93.
4373:978-1-136-29721-2
4346:978-0-292-77994-5
4268:, pp. 88–89.
4117:978-0-395-98773-5
3826:978-84-9091-390-1
3785:on 12 March 2008.
3728:, pp. 19–20.
3545:978-1-4654-1387-1
3082:Gasparo Contarini
3011:Sir Francis Drake
2873:Cristóbal de Haro
2857:Antonio Pigafetta
2833:
2832:
2746:
2745:
2646:
2645:
2621:Pedro de Tenerife
2470:
2469:
2309:Antonio Pigafetta
2144:Cape of Good Hope
2112:Isthmus of Panama
1861:ritual with him.
1705:Marquesas Islands
1408:and displayed on
1267:Gaspar de Quesada
1259:Juan de Cartagena
1201:Search for strait
1067:Arrival in Brazil
1047:Antonio Salamone,
949:Juan de Cartagena
910:Juan de Cartagena
898:Antonio Pigafetta
884:Juan de Cartagena
848:
847:
817:, on 22 May 1520
777:Gaspar de Quesada
754:Juan de Cartagena
629:Armada del Maluco
579:Cristóbal de Haro
533:Order of Santiago
465:Isthmus of Panama
418:Bernard van Orley
364:Cape of Good Hope
264:
263:
195:18 returned with
16:(Redirected from
7373:
7275:
7267:
7258:(2022 TV series)
7257:
7247:
7237:
7227:
7217:
7207:
7197:
7185:
7152:Magellan's Cross
7137:Battle of Mactan
7051:
6906:
6899:
6892:
6883:
6874:
6864:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6839:
6832:
6810:
6787:
6771:
6752:
6751:on 26 July 2022.
6737:
6732:. Archived from
6724:
6705:
6679:
6658:
6654:978-236732-188-2
6639:
6637:
6630:
6618:
6599:
6595:978-2915540-57-4
6573:
6571:
6569:
6528:
6507:
6497:
6472:
6443:
6414:
6397:
6365:
6354:
6327:
6300:
6288:
6274:
6259:Beaglehole, J.C.
6240:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6230:on 17 April 2023
6216:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6184:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6151:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6102:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6067:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6056:
6041:
6035:
6034:
6026:
6024:
6019:on 15 March 2024
6001:
5995:
5994:
5986:
5980:
5974:
5968:
5962:
5956:
5950:
5944:
5938:
5932:
5926:
5920:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5890:
5884:
5878:
5872:
5866:
5860:
5854:
5848:
5842:
5833:
5827:
5818:
5812:
5803:
5797:
5791:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5755:
5749:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5725:
5719:
5713:
5707:
5701:
5695:
5689:
5678:
5672:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5648:
5642:
5636:
5630:
5624:
5618:
5612:
5606:
5600:
5594:
5588:
5577:
5571:
5560:
5554:
5545:
5539:
5533:
5530:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5439:
5433:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5406:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5375:
5369:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5348:
5337:
5331:
5325:
5319:
5310:
5304:
5298:
5292:
5286:
5280:
5274:
5268:
5262:
5256:
5250:
5244:
5238:
5232:
5226:
5220:
5214:
5208:
5202:
5196:
5190:
5184:
5175:
5169:
5163:
5157:
5151:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5127:
5121:
5115:
5109:
5103:
5097:
5091:
5085:
5079:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5043:
5037:
5031:
5025:
5019:
5013:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4957:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4927:
4921:
4915:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4880:
4874:
4868:
4862:
4856:
4850:
4844:
4838:
4832:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4688:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4604:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4577:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4511:. Translated by
4501:
4495:
4494:
4474:
4465:
4464:
4442:
4431:
4425:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4390:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4330:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4299:. Translated by
4290:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4176:
4165:
4159:
4153:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4077:
4068:
4062:
4053:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3963:
3957:
3951:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3835:
3814:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3781:. Archived from
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3729:
3723:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3589:
3580:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3534:. New York, NY:
3525:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3480:on 30 April 2024
3476:. Archived from
3463:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3436:on 15 March 2024
3418:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3391:on 15 March 2024
3373:
3352:
3349:
3343:
3324:
3318:
3307:
3301:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3275:
3247:
3241:
3223:
3217:
3210:
3154:Age of Discovery
3050:Tierra del Fuego
2904:Francisco Albo:
2754:
2658:
2595:Vasquito Gallego
2532:Roldán de Argote
2524:Normandy, France
2479:
2457:Juan de Zubileta
2212:
2178:in Spain aboard
2060:, respectively.
1961:Battle of Mactan
1955:Battle of Mactan
1936:(later known as
1693:Marshall Islands
1659:Pacific crossing
1571:
1452:Santa Cruz River
1319:s cannon at the
1055:Antonio Ginovés,
1051:Antonio Salomón,
998:
951:(captain of the
815:Santa Cruz River
699:
656:
484:Francisco Serrão
425:
422:
389:
360:Pacific crossing
336:circumnavigation
288:Age of Discovery
258:
229:circumnavigation
123:
121:
116:
102:
100:
95:
52:Abraham Ortelius
42:
35:
21:
7381:
7380:
7376:
7375:
7374:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7351:History of Guam
7291:
7290:
7289:
7280:
7208:(1965 painting)
7183:
7147:Magellan Shrine
7121:
7095:
7042:
7000:
6991:Luis de Mendoza
6924:
6915:
6910:
6872:
6857:
6852:
6843:
6841:
6837:
6830:
6823:
6819:Wayback Machine
6807:
6794:
6781:
6768:
6755:
6740:
6726:
6721:
6708:
6702:
6689:
6676:
6661:
6655:
6642:
6635:
6628:
6621:
6615:
6602:
6596:
6583:
6567:
6565:
6550:10.2307/2512478
6531:
6525:
6510:
6475:
6461:
6446:
6432:
6417:
6400:
6368:
6357:
6343:
6330:
6316:
6303:
6297:
6277:
6257:
6248:
6243:
6233:
6231:
6224:CNN Philippines
6218:
6217:
6213:
6203:
6201:
6186:
6185:
6181:
6171:
6169:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6138:
6136:
6127:
6126:
6122:
6115:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6082:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6054:
6052:
6043:
6042:
6038:
6022:
6020:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5988:
5987:
5983:
5975:
5971:
5963:
5959:
5951:
5947:
5939:
5935:
5927:
5923:
5915:
5911:
5903:
5899:
5891:
5887:
5879:
5875:
5867:
5863:
5855:
5851:
5843:
5836:
5828:
5821:
5813:
5806:
5798:
5794:
5786:
5782:
5774:
5770:
5762:
5758:
5750:
5746:
5738:
5734:
5726:
5722:
5714:
5710:
5702:
5698:
5690:
5681:
5673:
5669:
5661:
5657:
5649:
5645:
5637:
5633:
5625:
5621:
5613:
5609:
5601:
5597:
5589:
5580:
5572:
5563:
5555:
5548:
5540:
5536:
5531:
5527:
5519:
5515:
5507:
5503:
5496:
5483:
5482:
5478:
5470:
5466:
5458:
5454:
5446:
5442:
5434:
5430:
5422:
5418:
5413:
5409:
5404:
5400:
5393:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5364:
5360:
5350:
5349:
5340:
5332:
5328:
5320:
5313:
5305:
5301:
5293:
5289:
5281:
5277:
5269:
5265:
5257:
5253:
5245:
5241:
5233:
5229:
5221:
5217:
5209:
5205:
5197:
5193:
5185:
5178:
5170:
5166:
5158:
5154:
5146:
5142:
5134:
5130:
5122:
5118:
5110:
5106:
5098:
5094:
5086:
5082:
5074:
5070:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5032:
5028:
5020:
5016:
5008:
5004:
4996:
4992:
4984:
4980:
4970:
4968:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4946:
4942:
4934:
4930:
4922:
4918:
4910:
4906:
4896:
4894:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4869:
4865:
4857:
4853:
4845:
4841:
4833:
4829:
4821:
4817:
4809:
4805:
4797:
4793:
4785:
4781:
4771:
4769:
4762:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4707:
4703:
4695:
4691:
4683:
4679:
4671:
4667:
4659:
4655:
4647:
4643:
4635:
4631:
4623:
4619:
4611:
4607:
4599:
4595:
4587:
4580:
4572:
4568:
4560:
4556:
4548:
4544:
4536:
4532:
4522:
4520:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4491:
4476:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4453:. p. 667.
4444:
4443:
4434:
4426:
4422:
4414:
4410:
4402:
4393:
4385:
4381:
4374:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4332:
4331:
4320:
4310:
4308:
4292:
4291:
4272:
4264:
4260:
4252:
4248:
4240:
4236:
4228:
4224:
4216:
4212:
4206:Beaglehole 1966
4204:
4200:
4192:
4188:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4154:
4147:
4139:
4135:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4090:
4086:
4078:
4071:
4063:
4056:
4048:
4044:
4036:
4032:
4024:
4020:
4012:
4008:
4000:
3996:
3988:
3984:
3976:
3972:
3964:
3960:
3952:
3948:
3940:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3892:
3888:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3794:
3790:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3763:
3759:
3751:
3747:
3739:
3732:
3726:Beaglehole 1966
3724:
3713:
3705:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3669:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3645:
3641:
3633:
3629:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3602:. p. 612.
3591:
3590:
3583:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3527:
3526:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3465:
3464:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3420:
3419:
3404:
3394:
3392:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3325:
3321:
3308:
3304:
3291:
3287:
3277:
3270:
3248:
3244:
3224:
3220:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3149:
3123:
3117:
3038:
3002:discovered the
2953:
2948:
2838:
2634:Simon de Burgos
2558:Gómez Hernández
2545:Felipe de Rodas
2508:Pedro de Tolosa
2417:Juan de Arratía
2404:Miguel de Rodas
2256:Miguel de Rodas
2192:
2132:
2130:Return to Spain
2001:
1984:
1963:
1957:
1909:
1884:
1878:
1819:
1817:The Philippines
1790:outrigger canoe
1782:Chamorro people
1770:Mariana Islands
1766:
1729:Caroline Island
1701:Solomon Islands
1697:Society Islands
1661:
1612:
1574:All Saints' Day
1495:
1486:
1463:running aground
1446:, captained by
1440:
1401:
1376:to support the
1243:
1232:Port St. Julian
1227:
1203:
1182:Terra Australis
1175:, commanded by
1169:Río de la Plata
1148:
1146:Río de la Plata
1069:
1064:
1043:Antonio Salamón
996:
990:
965:St. Elmo's fire
918:
853:
714:
671:
602:
567:House of Fugger
473:Río de la Plata
423:
407:
390:s return trip.
387:
259:
244:
216:
176:
119:
117:
114:
98:
96:
93:
78:
76:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7379:
7377:
7369:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7356:Maluku Islands
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7293:
7292:
7286:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7278:
7270:
7260:
7250:
7240:
7230:
7220:
7210:
7200:
7191:
7189:
7182:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7133:
7131:
7127:
7126:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7103:
7101:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7061:King Charles I
7057:
7055:
7048:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7008:
7006:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6966:Ginés de Mafra
6963:
6958:
6953:
6951:Duarte Barbosa
6948:
6943:
6938:
6932:
6930:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6901:
6894:
6886:
6880:
6879:
6870:
6856:
6855:External links
6853:
6851:
6850:
6821:
6805:
6792:
6773:
6772:
6766:
6753:
6738:
6719:
6706:
6701:978-9722337519
6700:
6681:
6680:
6674:
6659:
6653:
6640:
6619:
6613:
6600:
6594:
6575:
6574:
6544:(2): 313–335.
6529:
6523:
6508:
6488:(4): 543–560.
6473:
6459:
6444:
6430:
6415:
6398:
6380:(2): 145–165.
6366:
6355:
6341:
6328:
6314:
6301:
6295:
6275:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6211:
6179:
6146:
6120:
6113:
6087:
6080:
6062:
6036:
5996:
5981:
5969:
5957:
5945:
5933:
5921:
5909:
5897:
5885:
5873:
5861:
5849:
5834:
5819:
5804:
5792:
5780:
5768:
5756:
5754:, p. 303.
5744:
5732:
5720:
5718:, p. 302.
5708:
5696:
5679:
5677:, p. 300.
5667:
5655:
5643:
5631:
5619:
5607:
5595:
5593:, p. 349.
5578:
5576:, p. 148.
5561:
5559:, p. 146.
5546:
5544:, p. 406.
5534:
5525:
5523:, p. 141.
5513:
5511:, p. 264.
5501:
5494:
5476:
5474:, p. 386.
5464:
5462:, p. 381.
5452:
5440:
5428:
5426:, p. 341.
5416:
5407:
5398:
5391:
5370:
5368:, p. 330.
5358:
5338:
5336:, p. 198.
5326:
5324:, p. 197.
5311:
5309:, p. 292.
5299:
5297:, p. 281.
5287:
5285:, p. 279.
5275:
5273:, p. 277.
5263:
5261:, p. 187.
5251:
5249:, p. 271.
5239:
5237:, p. 180.
5227:
5225:, p. 177.
5215:
5203:
5191:
5189:, p. 173.
5176:
5174:, p. 138.
5164:
5152:
5150:, p. 226.
5140:
5138:, p. 229.
5128:
5116:
5104:
5092:
5080:
5078:, p. 538.
5068:
5038:
5036:, p. 218.
5026:
5024:, p. 159.
5014:
5012:, p. 149.
5002:
5000:, p. 145.
4990:
4978:
4952:
4940:
4938:, p. 188.
4928:
4926:, p. 192.
4916:
4914:, p. 191.
4904:
4889:. New Advent.
4875:
4873:, p. 136.
4863:
4861:, p. 133.
4851:
4839:
4827:
4815:
4803:
4791:
4789:, p. 113.
4779:
4760:
4736:
4713:
4711:, p. 170.
4701:
4689:
4677:
4665:
4653:
4641:
4629:
4617:
4615:, p. 123.
4605:
4603:, p. 104.
4593:
4578:
4566:
4554:
4542:
4530:
4496:
4489:
4466:
4459:
4432:
4420:
4418:, p. 103.
4408:
4391:
4379:
4372:
4352:
4345:
4318:
4301:Stanley, Henry
4270:
4258:
4246:
4234:
4222:
4210:
4198:
4186:
4171:, ed. (1911).
4169:Chisholm, Hugh
4160:
4158:, p. 104.
4145:
4133:
4116:
4096:
4094:, p. 335.
4084:
4082:, p. 156.
4069:
4067:, p. 146.
4054:
4052:, p. 339.
4042:
4040:, p. 338.
4030:
4018:
4006:
4004:, p. 337.
3994:
3992:, p. 336.
3982:
3970:
3958:
3946:
3934:
3922:
3910:
3908:, p. 170.
3898:
3886:
3871:
3859:
3847:
3825:
3800:
3788:
3769:
3767:, p. 297.
3757:
3755:, p. 296.
3745:
3730:
3711:
3699:
3687:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3639:
3627:
3615:
3608:
3581:
3554:
3544:
3517:
3491:
3447:
3402:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3344:
3319:
3302:
3285:
3242:
3228:says that the
3218:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3186:
3184:Spanish Empire
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3116:
3113:
3037:
3034:
2971:to occupy the
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2807:Estevan Villon
2804:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2744:
2743:
2741:Alguacil Mayor
2738:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2688:Leone Pancaldo
2684:
2683:
2680:
2675:
2673:Ginés de Mafra
2669:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2269:Juan de Acurio
2266:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2241:Francisco Albo
2238:
2237:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2191:
2188:
2131:
2128:
2000:
1997:
1983:
1982:1 May Massacre
1980:
1959:Main article:
1956:
1953:
1908:
1905:
1880:Main article:
1877:
1874:
1818:
1815:
1765:
1762:
1660:
1657:
1611:
1605:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1439:
1433:
1400:
1397:
1307:(commanded by
1242:
1239:
1226:
1223:
1202:
1199:
1147:
1144:
1110:Rio de Janeiro
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1013:Rio de Janeiro
989:
986:
937:Canary Islands
917:
914:
858:Duarte Barbosa
852:
849:
846:
845:
838:
835:
832:
827:
819:
818:
811:
808:
805:
800:
792:
791:
785:
782:
779:
774:
766:
765:
762:
759:
756:
751:
743:
742:
739:
736:
733:
728:
720:
719:
716:
709:
706:
703:
670:
667:
601:
598:
573:, head of the
559:
558:
555:
552:
549:
540:
406:
403:
381:died in battle
300:Pacific Oceans
262:
261:
251:
250:
246:
245:
243:
242:
235:
232:
224:
222:
218:
217:
215:
214:
199:
192:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
175:
174:
169:
162:
155:
150:
142:
140:
136:
135:
129:
125:
124:
108:
104:
103:
87:
83:
82:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7378:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7321:1522 in Spain
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7306:1519 in Spain
7304:
7302:
7299:
7298:
7296:
7274:
7271:
7266:
7265:
7261:
7256:
7255:
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7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7128:
7118:
7117:Rajah Humabon
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7098:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7086:Diogo Ribeiro
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7058:
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7024:
7022:
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7017:
7015:
7014:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7003:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6981:Estêvão Gomes
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
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6959:
6957:
6954:
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6859:
6858:
6854:
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6829:
6828:
6822:
6820:
6816:
6813:
6808:
6806:9781390781601
6802:
6798:
6793:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6779:
6778:
6777:
6769:
6767:9789896168599
6763:
6759:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6745:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6730:
6722:
6720:9789898975256
6716:
6712:
6707:
6703:
6697:
6693:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6677:
6675:9782870274088
6671:
6667:
6666:
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6656:
6650:
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6641:
6634:
6627:
6626:
6620:
6616:
6610:
6606:
6601:
6597:
6591:
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6580:
6579:
6563:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6535:
6530:
6526:
6524:9789625934709
6520:
6516:
6515:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6460:9781922669407
6456:
6452:
6451:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6427:
6423:
6422:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6404:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6362:
6356:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6338:
6334:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6311:
6307:
6302:
6298:
6292:
6287:
6286:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6245:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6215:
6212:
6199:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6183:
6180:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6157:
6150:
6147:
6134:
6130:
6124:
6121:
6116:
6110:
6106:
6101:
6100:
6091:
6088:
6083:
6081:9781498590143
6077:
6073:
6066:
6063:
6050:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6033:
6031:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6000:
5997:
5992:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5973:
5970:
5966:
5961:
5958:
5954:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5937:
5934:
5930:
5925:
5922:
5918:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5901:
5898:
5894:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5877:
5874:
5870:
5865:
5862:
5858:
5853:
5850:
5846:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5760:
5757:
5753:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5724:
5721:
5717:
5712:
5709:
5705:
5700:
5697:
5693:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5671:
5668:
5664:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5635:
5632:
5628:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5611:
5608:
5605:, p. 63.
5604:
5603:Bergreen 2003
5599:
5596:
5592:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5542:Bergreen 2003
5538:
5535:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5517:
5514:
5510:
5505:
5502:
5497:
5491:
5488:. McFarland.
5487:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5472:Bergreen 2003
5468:
5465:
5461:
5460:Bergreen 2003
5456:
5453:
5449:
5448:Bergreen 2003
5444:
5441:
5437:
5436:Bergreen 2003
5432:
5429:
5425:
5424:Bergreen 2003
5420:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5402:
5399:
5394:
5392:971-550-135-4
5388:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5366:Bergreen 2003
5362:
5359:
5354:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5307:Bergreen 2003
5303:
5300:
5296:
5295:Bergreen 2003
5291:
5288:
5284:
5283:Bergreen 2003
5279:
5276:
5272:
5271:Bergreen 2003
5267:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5247:Bergreen 2003
5243:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5219:
5216:
5212:
5211:Bergreen 2003
5207:
5204:
5200:
5199:Bergreen 2003
5195:
5192:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5165:
5161:
5160:Bergreen 2003
5156:
5153:
5149:
5148:Bergreen 2003
5144:
5141:
5137:
5136:Bergreen 2003
5132:
5129:
5125:
5120:
5117:
5113:
5112:Bergreen 2003
5108:
5105:
5101:
5100:Bergreen 2003
5096:
5093:
5090:, p. 44.
5089:
5084:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5069:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5034:Bergreen 2003
5030:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4986:Bergreen 2003
4982:
4979:
4966:
4962:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4948:Bergreen 2003
4944:
4941:
4937:
4936:Bergreen 2003
4932:
4929:
4925:
4924:Bergreen 2003
4920:
4917:
4913:
4912:Bergreen 2003
4908:
4905:
4892:
4888:
4887:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4855:
4852:
4848:
4847:Bergreen 2003
4843:
4840:
4836:
4835:Bergreen 2003
4831:
4828:
4824:
4823:Bergreen 2003
4819:
4816:
4812:
4807:
4804:
4800:
4799:Bergreen 2003
4795:
4792:
4788:
4783:
4780:
4767:
4763:
4761:9780300170283
4757:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4740:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4717:
4714:
4710:
4709:Bergreen 2003
4705:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4685:Bergreen 2003
4681:
4678:
4674:
4673:Bergreen 2003
4669:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4654:
4650:
4649:Bergreen 2003
4645:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4630:
4627:, p. 97.
4626:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4613:Bergreen 2003
4609:
4606:
4602:
4601:Bergreen 2003
4597:
4594:
4591:, p. 96.
4590:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4576:, p. 95.
4575:
4570:
4567:
4564:, p. 98.
4563:
4562:Bergreen 2003
4558:
4555:
4551:
4550:Bergreen 2003
4546:
4543:
4540:, p. 97.
4539:
4538:Bergreen 2003
4534:
4531:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4497:
4492:
4486:
4482:
4481:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4428:Bergreen 2003
4424:
4421:
4417:
4416:Bergreen 2003
4412:
4409:
4406:, p. 20.
4405:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4387:Bergreen 2003
4383:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4366:. Routledge.
4365:
4364:
4356:
4353:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4266:Bergreen 2003
4262:
4259:
4256:, p. 91.
4255:
4254:Bergreen 2003
4250:
4247:
4244:, p. 86.
4243:
4238:
4235:
4232:, p. 87.
4231:
4230:Bergreen 2003
4226:
4223:
4220:, p. 84.
4219:
4214:
4211:
4208:, p. 22.
4207:
4202:
4199:
4196:, p. 90.
4195:
4190:
4187:
4182:
4181:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4143:, p. 61.
4142:
4141:Bergreen 2003
4137:
4134:
4130:
4119:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4080:Bergreen 2003
4076:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4019:
4016:, p. 43.
4015:
4010:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3971:
3968:, p. 93.
3967:
3962:
3959:
3956:, p. 94.
3955:
3950:
3947:
3944:, p. 74.
3943:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3923:
3920:, p. 36.
3919:
3918:Bergreen 2003
3914:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3899:
3896:, p. 58.
3895:
3894:Bergreen 2003
3890:
3887:
3882:
3875:
3872:
3869:, p. 57.
3868:
3867:Bergreen 2003
3863:
3860:
3857:, p. 38.
3856:
3855:Bergreen 2003
3851:
3848:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3727:
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3708:
3703:
3700:
3697:, p. 66.
3696:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3676:
3673:, p. 30.
3672:
3671:Bergreen 2003
3667:
3664:
3661:, p. 49.
3660:
3655:
3652:
3649:, p. 48.
3648:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3635:Bergreen 2006
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3609:9781440836695
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3536:DK Publishing
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3506:. 6 June 2023
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3115:Quincentenary
3114:
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3104:Eastern Samar
3101:
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3019:Drake Passage
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2826:
2823:
2821:Andrés Blanco
2820:
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2571:Ocacio Alonso
2570:
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2510:
2507:
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2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:Martín Méndez
2492:
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2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:Diego Gallego
2338:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
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2240:
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2217:
2214:
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2209:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2189:
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2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:Pacific route
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2066:Rajah Matanda
2061:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2005:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1967:
1962:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1922:Rajah Humabon
1919:
1915:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1868:and Calagan (
1867:
1862:
1860:
1859:blood compact
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1745:
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1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1645:Estêvão Gomes
1642:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:Desertion of
1606:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1585:Dawson Island
1582:
1581:Isabel Island
1577:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1523:Cape Virgenes
1516:
1511:
1504:
1499:
1492:
1490:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1464:
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1422:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1292:, aboard the
1291:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1247:
1241:Easter mutiny
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1225:Overwintering
1224:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1154:, the fabled
1153:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
987:
985:
983:
979:
973:
968:
966:
960:
956:
954:
950:
946:
945:Diogo Barbosa
942:
938:
934:
929:
927:
923:
915:
913:
911:
907:
906:supernumerary
903:
899:
895:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
871:
867:
866:Estêvão Gomes
863:
859:
850:
843:
839:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
825:
821:
820:
816:
812:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
798:
794:
793:
789:
786:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
772:
768:
767:
763:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
749:
745:
744:
740:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
726:
722:
721:
717:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
700:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
668:
666:
664:
660:
655:
654:
647:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
599:
597:
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
556:
553:
550:
547:
546:
541:
538:
537:
536:
534:
529:
525:
524:
519:
514:
512:
509:
504:
499:
497:
496:Spice Islands
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:Spanish Crown
454:
450:
445:
443:
442:Vasco da Gama
439:
435:
431:
419:
415:
411:
404:
402:
400:
396:
391:
386:
382:
378:
377:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:South America
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
257:
252:
247:
240:
236:
233:
230:
226:
225:
223:
219:
212:
208:
204:
200:
198:
194:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
173:
170:
168:
167:
163:
161:
160:
156:
154:
151:
149:
148:
144:
143:
141:
137:
134:
133:Spice Islands
130:
126:
112:
109:
105:
91:
88:
84:
81:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
53:
49:
48:
41:
36:
30:
19:
7366:Spanish Navy
7272:
7262:
7252:
7242:
7232:
7222:
7202:
7194:
7081:Jorge Reinel
7037:
7032:
7025:
7018:
7011:
6912:
6873:(in Spanish)
6842:. Retrieved
6826:
6796:
6791:(in Spanish)
6783:
6775:
6774:
6757:
6749:the original
6743:
6734:the original
6728:
6710:
6691:
6683:
6682:
6664:
6644:
6624:
6604:
6585:
6577:
6576:
6566:. Retrieved
6541:
6537:
6513:
6485:
6481:
6449:
6420:
6402:
6377:
6373:
6360:
6332:
6305:
6284:
6262:
6251:
6250:
6246:Bibliography
6232:. Retrieved
6228:the original
6223:
6214:
6202:. Retrieved
6191:
6182:
6170:. Retrieved
6159:
6149:
6137:. Retrieved
6123:
6098:
6090:
6071:
6065:
6053:. Retrieved
6039:
6029:
6028:
6021:. Retrieved
6017:the original
6008:
5999:
5990:
5984:
5972:
5960:
5948:
5936:
5924:
5912:
5900:
5888:
5876:
5864:
5852:
5795:
5783:
5771:
5759:
5747:
5735:
5723:
5711:
5699:
5670:
5658:
5646:
5634:
5622:
5610:
5598:
5537:
5528:
5516:
5504:
5485:
5479:
5467:
5455:
5443:
5431:
5419:
5410:
5401:
5382:
5373:
5361:
5352:
5334:Cameron 1974
5329:
5322:Cameron 1974
5302:
5290:
5278:
5266:
5259:Cameron 1974
5254:
5242:
5235:Cameron 1974
5230:
5223:Cameron 1974
5218:
5206:
5194:
5187:Cameron 1974
5167:
5155:
5143:
5131:
5124:Cameron 1974
5119:
5107:
5095:
5083:
5071:
5054:
5050:
5047:Maude, H. E.
5041:
5029:
5022:Cameron 1974
5017:
5010:Cameron 1974
5005:
4998:Cameron 1974
4993:
4981:
4969:. Retrieved
4955:
4943:
4931:
4919:
4907:
4895:. Retrieved
4885:
4878:
4871:Cameron 1974
4866:
4859:Cameron 1974
4854:
4842:
4830:
4818:
4811:Cameron 1974
4806:
4794:
4787:Cameron 1974
4782:
4770:. Retrieved
4746:
4739:
4722:
4716:
4704:
4697:Cameron 1974
4692:
4680:
4668:
4661:Cameron 1974
4656:
4644:
4637:Cameron 1974
4632:
4625:Cameron 1974
4620:
4608:
4596:
4589:Cameron 1974
4574:Cameron 1974
4569:
4557:
4545:
4533:
4523:25 September
4521:. Retrieved
4508:
4499:
4479:
4446:
4423:
4411:
4382:
4362:
4355:
4335:
4309:. Retrieved
4295:
4261:
4249:
4242:Cameron 1974
4237:
4225:
4218:Cameron 1974
4213:
4201:
4189:
4178:
4163:
4136:
4128:
4121:. Retrieved
4106:
4099:
4087:
4045:
4033:
4021:
4009:
3997:
3985:
3973:
3961:
3949:
3942:Cameron 1974
3937:
3925:
3913:
3901:
3889:
3880:
3874:
3862:
3850:
3838:. Retrieved
3816:
3803:
3791:
3783:the original
3772:
3760:
3748:
3702:
3690:
3678:
3666:
3654:
3642:
3630:
3623:Cameron 1974
3618:
3594:
3569:
3557:
3549:
3530:
3510:10 September
3508:. Retrieved
3503:
3494:
3482:. Retrieved
3478:the original
3471:
3438:. Retrieved
3434:the original
3425:
3393:. Retrieved
3389:the original
3380:
3371:
3347:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3311:Cameron 1974
3305:
3294:Cameron 1974
3288:
3245:
3229:
3221:
3213:
3208:
3138:
3135:
3124:
3066:
3043:
3039:
3028:
3008:
2997:
2966:
2957:antimeridian
2954:
2899:
2888:
2881:
2876:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2802:Man-At-Arms
2789:Man-At-Arms
2747:
2702:Hans Varga (
2649:
2647:
2642:Man-At-Arms
2629:Man-At-Arms
2616:Man-At-Arms
2471:
2324:Maestre Anes
2318:Man-At-Arms
2207:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2179:
2173:
2160:
2156:
2142:rounded the
2139:
2135:
2133:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2088:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2008:
1993:
1985:
1972:
1942:
1926:
1910:
1885:
1863:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1801:kept on the
1788:, a type of
1767:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1733:Flint Island
1724:
1712:
1708:
1686:
1678:
1672:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1601:Mar Pacifico
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1487:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1458:
1456:
1448:Juan Serrano
1443:
1441:
1436:
1413:
1402:
1399:Mutiny trial
1392:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1317:San Antonio'
1316:
1312:
1309:Juan Serrano
1304:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1271:Luis Mendoza
1265:), aided by
1262:
1256:
1251:Luis Mendoza
1236:
1228:
1212:
1204:
1186:
1180:
1177:Juan Serrano
1172:
1164:
1151:
1149:
1140:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1113:
1105:
1099:
1091:
1085:
1080:Porto Seguro
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1008:
993:
991:
975:
970:
961:
957:
952:
930:
919:
892:
874:
854:
830:Luis Mendoza
822:
795:
769:
746:
723:
690:
686:
674:
672:
648:
641:
632:
628:
626:
618:Punta Arenas
609:
593:
590:Diego Ribero
586:Jorge Reinel
583:
574:
560:
543:
521:
515:
508:cosmographer
500:
477:
452:
446:
428:
392:
384:
374:
368:
356:Mar Pacifico
355:
344:
330:, or 37,560
320:Indian Ocean
271:
267:
265:
221:Achievements
210:
206:
171:
164:
157:
152:
145:
45:
29:
7276:(2023 film)
7268:(2023 film)
7248:(2019 film)
7238:(2003 book)
7228:(2002 film)
7218:(1972 song)
7198:(1955 film)
7071:Rui Faleiro
7038:San Antonio
6986:João Serrão
5953:Castro 2018
5893:Castro 2018
5869:Castro 2018
5845:Castro 2018
5788:Castro 2018
5764:Castro 2018
5752:Castro 2018
5716:Castro 2018
5675:Castro 2018
5591:Joyner 1992
5574:Kelsey 2016
5557:Kelsey 2016
5521:Kelsey 2016
5509:Joyner 1992
5172:Suárez 1999
5088:Castro 2018
4404:Kelsey 2016
4194:Joyner 1992
4156:Joyner 1992
4092:Castro 2018
4065:Joyner 1992
4050:Castro 2018
4038:Castro 2018
4026:Castro 2018
4014:Castro 2018
4002:Castro 2018
3990:Castro 2018
3966:Joyner 1992
3954:Joyner 1992
3930:Joyner 1992
3906:Joyner 1992
3765:Joyner 1992
3753:Joyner 1992
3741:Joyner 1992
3707:Joyner 1992
3695:Joyner 1992
3683:Joyner 1992
3659:Joyner 1992
3647:Joyner 1992
3504:History.com
3269:or roughly
3238:Joyner 1992
3189:Magallanica
3108:Philippines
3076:geographer
2867:written by
2763:Final rank
2667:Final rank
2608:Juan Martín
2488:Final rank
2264:Shipmaster
2221:Final rank
1799:ship's boat
1652:San Antonio
1641:San Antonio
1636:San Antonio
1631:San Antonio
1609:San Antonio
1597:San Antonio
1593:San Antonio
1589:San Antonio
1560:San Antonio
1551:San Antonio
1539:San Antonio
1389:Concepción'
1328:San Antonio
1301:San Antonio
1294:San Antonio
1263:San Antonio
1195:fresh water
1106:Concepción'
1036:San Antonio
1028:San Antonio
982:trade winds
953:San Antonio
876:Ruy Faleiro
862:João Serrão
803:João Serrão
748:San Antonio
511:Rui Faleiro
451:, Castile (
449:spice trade
424: 1517
324:Philippines
304:trade route
292:exploration
207:San Antonio
184:Approx. 270
153:San Antonio
7295:Categories
7112:Rajah Ache
7013:Concepción
6844:31 January
6684:Portuguese
6568:2 November
6469:1338665936
6342:029776568X
6324:1011550094
6139:23 October
6047:. London.
4897:14 January
3359:References
3119:See also:
3078:Abu'l-Fida
2714:Constable
2704:Hans Barge
2527:Carpenter
2277:Boatswain
2184:Valladolid
2148:Cape Verde
2023:Concepción
2016:lithograph
2010:Concepción
1934:Holy Child
1901:St Lazarus
1888:Easter Day
1876:First mass
1795:bergantina
1717:Saint Paul
1556:Concepción
1547:Concepción
1543:promontory
1535:Concepción
1275:Concepción
1208:St. Julian
1136:saturnalia
1120:language.
1096:brazilwood
771:Concepción
677:being the
545:adelantado
405:Background
302:to open a
280:Portuguese
203:Cape Verde
159:Concepción
120:1522-09-06
99:1519-09-20
7254:Boundless
7224:Lapu-Lapu
7195:Lapu-Lapu
6504:252451072
6440:950613571
6394:161223057
6271:253002380
6172:1 October
4731:560368881
3840:7 October
3578:2253-797X
3572:. 10(2).
3364:Citations
3267:toneladas
3141:monuments
2998:In 1565,
2962:longitude
2575:Bollullos
2502:Scrivener
2462:Barakaldo
2190:Survivors
2085:al-Mansur
1976:Lapu-Lapu
1949:Lapu-Lapu
1947:, led by
1758:vitamin C
1725:Tiburones
1721:Puka-Puka
1713:San Pablo
1425:careening
1415:strappado
1383:With the
1299:With the
1191:soundings
880:horoscope
715:(tonels)
637:maravedis
563:Charles I
528:Charles I
312:Indonesia
306:with the
282:explorer
189:Survivors
7214:Magellan
7188:In media
7107:Lapulapu
7054:European
7033:Santiago
7027:Victoria
7020:Trinidad
6922:Timeline
6835:Archived
6815:Archived
6633:Archived
6562:Archived
6411:25049890
6403:Magellan
6281:(2003).
6261:(1966).
6234:17 April
6198:Archived
6166:Archived
6133:Archived
6055:10 March
6049:Archived
6030:Victoria
5381:(1994).
5063:20703766
4971:17 March
4965:Archived
4891:Archived
4766:Archived
4725:London.
4517:Archived
4305:Archived
3831:Archived
3261:tonel ("
3259:Biscayan
3230:Santiago
3214:Victoria
3147:See also
2973:Moluccas
2865:a letter
2829:Shipboy
2825:Tenerife
2812:Brittany
2810:Trosic,
2650:Trinidad
2625:Tenerife
2603:Shipboy
2590:Shipboy
2451:Shipboy
2438:Shipboy
2425:Shipboy
2236:Captain
2210:in 1522
2208:Victoria
2200:Victoria
2196:Victoria
2180:Victoria
2169:cinnamon
2161:Victoria
2157:Victoria
2140:Victoria
2136:Victoria
2124:Trinidad
2116:Trinidad
2108:Trinidad
2104:Victoria
2100:Trinidad
2089:Almanzor
2058:Victoria
2054:Trinidad
2031:Victoria
2027:Trinidad
1999:Moluccas
1930:baptised
1847:Mindanao
1843:balangay
1839:Limasawa
1831:Homonhon
1803:Trinidad
1673:Zipangri
1531:Victoria
1527:Trinidad
1478:Santiago
1474:Santiago
1467:capsized
1459:Santiago
1444:Santiago
1437:Santiago
1435:Loss of
1421:marooned
1393:Trinidad
1385:Victoria
1378:alguacil
1374:Victoria
1370:poignard
1361:Victoria
1356:alguacil
1351:Victoria
1347:Trinidad
1343:Victoria
1336:Trinidad
1332:Victoria
1330:and the
1321:Trinidad
1313:Trinidad
1305:Santiago
1290:charcoal
1279:Victoria
1187:Santiago
1173:Santiago
1160:headland
1114:Trinidad
1032:Victoria
1009:Trinidad
994:Victoria
933:Tenerife
902:Venetian
824:Victoria
797:Santiago
788:Scuttled
725:Trinidad
705:Captain
687:Victoria
683:carracks
679:flagship
675:Trinidad
644:hardtack
610:Victoria
506:met the
488:Moluccas
471:died in
385:Victoria
376:Victoria
308:Moluccas
296:Atlantic
211:Trinidad
172:Santiago
166:Victoria
147:Trinidad
47:Victoria
7130:Related
6776:Spanish
6558:2512478
6252:English
6204:21 July
4311:9 April
4123:31 July
3340:Calambu
3336:Kulambu
3332:Colembu
3328:Kolambu
3280:cu. ft.
3251:calqued
3234:caravel
3074:Kurdish
3046:guanaco
3013:during
2989:Ternate
2816:Sailor
2776:Sailor
2727:Sailor
2723:Sevilla
2710:Germany
2697:Sailor
2682:Sailor
2579:Sailor
2566:Sailor
2553:Sailor
2540:Gunner
2516:Sailor
2497:Sevilla
2412:Sailor
2399:Sailor
2386:Sailor
2382:Sevilla
2373:Sailor
2369:Nafplio
2360:Sailor
2347:Sailor
2334:Gunner
2314:Vicenza
2303:Barber
2290:Sailor
2232:Getaria
2035:Palawan
1989:Enrique
1918:tribute
1870:Surigao
1703:or the
1410:gibbets
1219:squalls
1165:el paso
1152:el paso
1118:Guarani
935:in the
712:Tonnage
612:in the
520:of the
492:Ternate
480:Malacca
276:Spanish
118: (
97: (
60:Country
54:, 1590.
6803:
6764:
6717:
6698:
6672:
6651:
6611:
6592:
6578:French
6556:
6521:
6502:
6467:
6457:
6438:
6428:
6409:
6392:
6351:842695
6349:
6339:
6322:
6312:
6293:
6269:
6111:
6078:
5492:
5389:
5061:
4772:26 May
4758:
4729:
4487:
4457:
4370:
4343:
4114:
3823:
3606:
3576:
3542:
3232:was a
3127:UNESCO
3100:Guiuan
3096:Suluan
3062:alpaca
3058:vicuña
3052:. The
3029:Triton
2985:Tidore
2946:Legacy
2798:Lisbon
2785:Burgos
2772:Huelva
2760:Origin
2736:Burgos
2664:Origin
2638:Burgos
2612:Bayona
2599:Bayona
2587:Galvey
2562:Huelva
2549:Rhodes
2536:Bruges
2512:Tolosa
2485:Origin
2447:Bayona
2421:Bilbao
2408:Rhodes
2395:Huelva
2356:Huelva
2343:Bayona
2330:Aachen
2326:(Hans)
2299:Mérida
2286:Savona
2273:Bermeo
2260:Rhodes
2218:Origin
2093:cloves
2081:Tidore
2043:piracy
2039:Brunei
1945:Mactan
1866:Butuan
1835:Suluan
1754:quince
1750:scurvy
1699:, the
1695:, the
1286:fracas
1215:shoals
1156:strait
1092:Verzin
1024:stocks
1005:Guinea
1001:sodomy
663:scurvy
659:quince
518:factor
467:, and
434:Indies
371:scurvy
227:First
197:Elcano
77:others
70:Leader
7100:Asian
7005:Ships
6838:(PDF)
6831:(PDF)
6636:(PDF)
6629:(PDF)
6554:JSTOR
6500:S2CID
6390:S2CID
6023:9 May
5059:JSTOR
3834:(PDF)
3813:(PDF)
3484:9 May
3440:9 May
3395:9 May
3278:60.1
3200:Notes
3054:llama
2693:Genoa
2678:Jerez
2466:Page
2434:Cueto
2250:Pilot
2245:Chios
2194:When
2014:1854
1897:cross
1855:Malay
1827:Samar
1797:(the
1786:proas
1689:Chile
1429:bilge
1365:skiff
1363:in a
997:'
941:pitch
718:Fate
708:Crew
702:Ship
669:Ships
631:, or
622:Chile
453:Spain
388:'
340:Earth
249:Route
139:Ships
86:Start
64:Spain
7311:1520
7273:1521
6929:Crew
6846:2023
6801:ISBN
6762:ISBN
6715:ISBN
6696:ISBN
6670:ISBN
6649:ISBN
6609:ISBN
6590:ISBN
6570:2022
6519:ISBN
6465:OCLC
6455:ISBN
6436:OCLC
6426:ISBN
6407:OCLC
6347:OCLC
6337:ISBN
6320:OCLC
6310:ISBN
6291:ISBN
6267:OCLC
6236:2023
6206:2020
6174:2019
6141:2019
6109:ISBN
6076:ISBN
6057:2006
6025:2024
5490:ISBN
5387:ISBN
4973:2022
4899:2007
4774:2019
4756:ISBN
4727:OCLC
4525:2019
4485:ISBN
4455:ISBN
4368:ISBN
4341:ISBN
4313:2019
4125:2010
4112:ISBN
3842:2019
3821:ISBN
3604:ISBN
3574:ISSN
3540:ISBN
3512:2023
3486:2024
3442:2024
3397:2024
3342:etc.
3271:1.7
3255:tons
3253:as "
3060:and
3027:USS
2757:Name
2661:Name
2482:Name
2215:Name
2165:tons
2134:The
2056:and
2047:junk
2037:and
2029:and
1914:Cebu
1907:Cebu
1892:Mass
1778:Guam
1774:Rota
1682:Guam
1650:The
1629:The
1558:and
1549:and
1537:and
1529:and
1501:The
1277:and
1269:and
1049:and
900:, a
851:Crew
761:120
738:110
588:and
298:and
266:The
181:Crew
128:Goal
44:Nao
6546:doi
6490:doi
6382:doi
3263:tun
2848:'s
2171:).
1784:in
1731:or
1583:or
1206:at
924:to
837:85
810:75
784:90
758:55
338:of
107:End
7297::
7216:"
6725:,
6560:.
6552:.
6542:51
6540:.
6536:.
6498:.
6486:34
6484:.
6480:.
6463:.
6434:.
6388:.
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6376:.
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6318:.
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6158:.
6131:.
6107:.
6105:10
6027:.
6011:.
6007:.
5837:^
5822:^
5807:^
5682:^
5581:^
5564:^
5549:^
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5314:^
5179:^
5055:68
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4581:^
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4057:^
3829:.
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3733:^
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3565:.
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3502:.
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3450:^
3428:.
3424:.
3405:^
3383:.
3379:.
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3334:,
3330:,
3276:,
3273:m³
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1380:.
1234:.
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864:,
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620:,
616:,
421:c.
332:mi
328:km
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241:)
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101:)
20:)
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