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3514:: Some Observations relating to the Southern Extremity of South America, Tierra del Fuego, and the Strait of Magalhaens; made during the Survey of those Coasts in his Majesty's ships Adventure and Beagle, between the years 1826 and 1830. By Captain Phillip Parker King, F.R.S., Commander of the Expedition; "read before the Geographical Society of London on the 25th of April and 9th of May 1831; and ... printed in the Journal of that Society for the same year."
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68:
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1999:
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Chile succeeded in making
Argentina's claim to the existence of an "Argentine Strait of Magellan" disappear, which that country postulated in a small triangle to the east of the Dungeness - Espiritu Santo line, enclosing Espiritu Santo with Cape Virgins, when Argentina recognized that the eastern end
3112:
Pedro
Sarmiento de Gamboa, según Amancio Landín, uno de sus más reputados biógrafos, nació en Pontevedra, hacia 1532. Julio Guillén --el marino-académico--, por su parte, dice que es posible fuera Colegial Mayor en la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, ciudad que fue --asegura-- cuna del gran marino
1729:
I never imagined seeing something so wild and desolate as those emerging dark rocks in the middle of the raging waves. To see these stormy craggy rocks was frightening. With a dim light on the horizon we could see large waves crashing heavily in the western part of the islands: a vision that hardly
973:
in the same storm that forced the remaining party to leave the area. Overall a total of 16–17 men perished in it. While by 1676 rumours about
English bases in Western Patagonia had been dispelled, that year new rumours appeared claiming that England was preparing an expedition to settle the Straits
952:
at the western entrance to the strait. At
Evangelistas sixteen men of the party disappeared on February 17 including the son of Pascual de Iriarte. The ill-fated men had attempted to reach one of the islets to install a metal plaque indicating the King of Spain's ownership of the territory. Viceroy
2638:
For some decades a group of scholars in Latin
America has been claiming that this so-called 'Dragon's Tail' peninsula is really a pre-Columbian map of South America. In this paper, the cartographical and place-name evidence is examined, showing that the identification has not been proved, and that
1248:
to the north, crossed with relative ease, and Punta Arenas became a primary refueling port that provided coal for steamships in transit. The Strait's curving channel, with widths varying between 1.9 and 22 miles (3 to 35 km), experiences unpredictable winds and tidal currents, leading sailing
937:
verified this discovery making in the way also the first circumnavigation of Tierra del Fuego. After this there would be 150 years before the next ship from Spain would traverse the strait. By 1620, one hundred years after
European discovery, at least 55 ships had traversed the strait including 23
2370:
de la Fuente, C.; Ávila-Arcos, M. C.; Galimany, J.; Carpenter, M. L.; Homburger, J. R.; Blanco, A.; Contreras, P.; Cruz Dávalos, D.; Reyes, O.; San Roman, M.; Moreno-Estrada, A.; Campos, P. F.; Eng, C.; Huntsman, S.; Burchard, E. G.; Malaspinas, A. S.; Bustamante, C. D.; Willerslev, E.; Llop, E.;
3486:
Narrative of the surveying voyages of His
Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the first expedition, 1826–30, under the command of
1888:
is compulsory for sailing the strait. As one authority notes, "The
Pilotage Regulations of the Chilean Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service ('the Regulations") provide that pilotage through the Magellan Strait is compulsory", with limited exceptions for local traffic. Who pays the fees for the
1907:
states that "Nothing in this Part affects: ... the legal regime in straits in which passage is regulated in whole or in part by long-standing international conventions in force specifically relating to such straits". Article V of the
Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina
1554:
On the
Atlantic side, the strait is characterized by semidiurnal macrotides with mean and spring tide ranges of 7.1 and 9.0 m, respectively. On the Pacific side, tides are mixed and mainly semidiurnal, with mean and spring tide ranges of 1.1 and 1.2 m, respectively. There is enormous
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1231:
for commercial traffic in the strait. Until the Panama Canal opened in 1914, the Strait of Magellan was the main route for steamships traveling from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. It was often considered safer than the Drake Passage separating Cape Horn from
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1861:, Paso Timbales, northwest arm of the Beagle Channel and the Beagle Channel and back, and also to cross the strait from north to south and back. This is the case for all traffic between the Chile and Argentina and the cities in Tierra del Fuego,
1840:
The strait provides a well-protected inland waterway sheltered from rough weather and high seas, allowing for safe navigation. Ships sail through the strait from the Pacific to the Atlantic and back, from the oceans to the
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in 1567. The Spanish are thought to have lacked incentives for further conquests south. The indigenous populations were sparse and did not engage in the sedentary agricultural life of the Spanish. The harsh climate in the
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species. Admiral Sulivan had previously discovered an astonishingly rich accumulation of fossil bones not far from the strait. These remains apparently belonged to a more ancient period than collections made by Darwin on
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of the Strait of Magellan is that straight line, but at a high price, since it generated Argentina's jurisdiction over all waters, soils and subsoils to the east of the Dungeness - Espiritu Santo line, in Atlantic waters
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978:. Such a change, from the western archipelagoes to the strait, meant that any English settlement could be approached by Spain by land from the north, which was not the case for the islands in western Patagonia.
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to survey and explore the strait, facilitating navigation from Spain to Chile. In October 1553, Ulloa sailed from the city of Valdivia in the first expedition to enter the strait from the west. Ulloa reached
726:
4363:
1149:
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A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain
1922:
1908:
established a legal regime for the Strait of Magellan, and in a diplomatic letter to major shipping nations in 1873, Chile promised freedom of navigation through and neutrality within the strait.
4588:. London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge: Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose,
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in the summer to hunt. The tribes of the region saw little European contact until the late 19th century. Later, European-introduced diseases decimated portions of the indigenous population.
717:
Contemporaries differed in their estimation of the strait's significance. In Europe it was viewed by some as an opportunity and a strategic location to facilitate long-range trade, though
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Land adjacent to the Strait of Magellan has been inhabited by indigenous Americans for at least 13,000 years. Upon their arrival to the region, they would have encountered native equines (
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830:
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783:, but faced with the steep coastline and lack of provisions and fearing entrapment in the strait during the winter, he turned around, returning to Chilean ports in February 1554.
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In February 1696, the first French expedition under the command of M. de Gennes reached the Strait of Magellan. The expedition is described by the French explorer, engineer, and
2098:
252:
1197:, the town was an important supply stop for mariners. It has been claimed that Chile's annexation of the area originated from a fear of occupation by Great Britain or France.
2874:[Versions of the strait of Magellan. The interoceanic passage from the first circumnavigation of the world to the conquest of the kingdom of Chile (1519-1520-1552)].
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and other naturalists, and therefore were of great scientific interest. Many of these fossils were collected with the aid of hydrographer Richards R. N. and deposited in the
3191:
3035:[Interactions between Spaniards of Chiloé and Chonos in the XVII and XVII centuries: Pedro and Francisco Delco, Ignacio and Cristóbal Talcapillán and Martín Olleta]
1300:
became the first person to swim across the strait. Almost 40 years later, on January 17, 2014, Hunter Wright became the youngest person to swim across the strait at age 17.
1664:
4127:
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4180:"Sustrato y superestrato multilingües en la toponimia del extremo sur de Chile [Multilingual substratum and superstratum in the toponymy of the south of Chile]"
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in the expedition to produce a written account of the lands discovered in order to solidify his claims before the King. Although Pastene's expedition reached only the
3457:
2293:
Villavicencio, Natalia A.; Lindsey, Emily L.; Martin, Fabiana M.; Borrero, Luis A.; Moreno, Patricio I.; Marshall, Charles R.; Barnosky, Anthony D. (February 2016).
232:
oceans. The strait is approximately 570 km (310 nmi; 350 mi) long and 2 km (1.1 nmi; 1.2 mi) wide at its narrowest point. In 1520, the
3218:"La expedición de John Narborough a Chile, 1670: Defensa de Valdivia, rumeros de indios, informaciones de los prisioneros y la creencia en la Ciudad de los Césares"
1904:
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of Chile, managed to have Charles V extend his governorship all the way to the northern shores of the strait. Meanwhile, Sánchez de la Hoz was executed in Chile by
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414:. The Tehuelche were the only non-maritime culture in the area; they fished and gathered shellfish along the coast during the winter and moved into the southern
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2295:"Combination of humans, climate, and vegetation change triggered Late Quaternary megafauna extinction in the Última Esperanza region, southern Patagonia, Chile"
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1660:
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The western part of the strait leads northwest from the northern end of the Magdalena Channel to the strait's Pacific entrance. This is flanked on the south by
4585:
Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69
3220:[John Narborough expedition to Chile, 1670: Defense of Valdivia, indian rumors, information on prisoners, and the belief in the City of the Césares].
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of Magellan. The focus of Spanish attention to repel tentative English settlements shifted from the Pacific coast of Patagonia to the Straits of Magellan and
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relate that the Selk'nam arrived in Tierra del Fuego by land, and that the Selk'nam were later unable to return north as the sea had flooded their crossing.
2242:
2872:"Versiones del Estrecho de Magallanes. El paso interoceánico desde la primera circunnavegación del mundo hasta la conquista del reino de Chile (1520-1552)"
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that once occupied most of the main island. The Selk'nam, Haush, and Tehuelche are generally thought to be culturally and linguistically related peoples
3033:"Interacciones entre españoles de Chiloé y Chonos en los siglos XVII y XVIII: Pedro y Francisco Delco, Ignacio y Cristóbal Talcapillán y Martín Olleta"
817:
may also have deterred further expansion. Even in Chiloé the Spanish encountered difficulties, having to abandon their initial economic model based on
801:. They were charged with mapping the coastline and surveying the region's flora, fauna, and ethnography. On August 16, 1558, Ladrillero arrived in the
3737:
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2709:"Navegantes europeos en el estrecho de Magallanes [Discovery and recognition of the territory: European navigators in the Strait of Magellan]"
3434:"La sospecha de ingleses en el extremo sur de Chile, 1669-1683: Actitudes imperiales y locales como consecuencia de la expedición de John Narborough"
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existed on the part of Spain in the lands south of the strait. Spain's sovereignty claim over this territory was internationally recognized with the
969:
to inquire about the men who disappeared at Evangelistas Islets. However no information about their fate came forth and it is presumed that the boat
954:
1361:. The climate is generally foggy and cold, and the course is convoluted with several narrow passages. It is several hundred miles shorter than the
3645:
3436:[Suspicion of English at the southern end of Chile, 1669-1683: Imperial and local attitudes as a result of John Narborough's expedition].
1970:
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The strait is approximately 570 km (310 nmi; 350 mi) long and 2 km (1.1 nmi; 1.2 mi) wide at its narrowest point (
2028:
654:
1734:
This strait is one of the region's most popular tourist destinations. Several cruise companies ply its waters, and the lighthouses, including
1424:. The strait's southern boundary in the east follows first the shoreline of the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, then the northern end of the
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and Ciudad del Rey Don Felipe. The latter was established on the north shore of the strait with 300 settlers. That winter, it became known as
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The place names of the area around the strait come from a variety of languages. Many are from Spanish and English, and several are from the
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944:'s 1670 explorations in Patagonia caused the Spanish to launch various maritime expeditions to western Patagonia from 1674 to 1676. In the
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perceived similarities between the river and coastal outlines on this 'Dragon's Tail' peninsula and those of South America are fortuitous.
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1954:
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crossed the strait, creating fear on the Pacific coast that an attack was imminent. In order to seal the passage, the Viceroy of Peru,
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847:. They carefully explored the strait, trying to ferret out English invaders, while surveying locations for future fortifications.
60:
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4736:. International Straits of the World. Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA: M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S. and Canada by
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1942:
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399:. To the south of the Tehuelche across the strait lived the Selk'nam, who inhabited the majority of the eastern portion of
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667:
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over the Strait of Magellan. Argentina had previously claimed all of the strait, or at least the eastern third of it.
1182:
622:("Strait of All Saints") and planted a flag to claim the land on behalf of the King of Spain. Magellan's chronicler,
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3952:
4786:
4737:
4589:
4565:
Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties"
4545:
3839:
2668:
2373:"Genomic insights into the origin and diversification of late maritime hunter-gatherers from the Chilean Patagonia"
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2018:
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español. Este, no ha dejado aclarada la duda sobre su origen geográfico, pues afirmó ser natural de ambos lugares.
1064:, King surveyed the complex coasts around the strait. A report on the survey was presented at two meetings of the
5050:
3996:"South-West Atlantic Right Whales Eubalaena Australis (Desmoulins, 1822) Distribution Nearby the Magellan Strait"
2610:
Richardson, William A.R. (2003). "South America on Maps before Columbus? Martellus's 'Dragon's Tail' Peninsula".
2230:
1460:
1436:
1022:
945:
858:
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2431:
1518:
In the more well-defined northeastern course of the strait various bays stand out in its geography. Pecket Bay (
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1705:
1675:
1492:
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the strait. He experienced a 40-day hiatus in the strait due to storms and adverse weather, while piloting the
1109:
324:
4235:
3103:
Relación y derrotero del viaje y descubrimiento del Estrecho de la Madre de Dios - antes llamado de Magallanes
1878:
962:
884:, and Chiloé acted as sentries, and as hubs where the Spanish collected intelligence from all over Patagonia.
554:
1648:
438:
4778:
4488:
3076:
Consecuencias de la tala maderera colonial en los bosques de alece de Chiloé, sur de Chile (Siglos XVI-XIX)*
3003:
2494:
2238:
1718:
1464:
1026:
767:
3733:
286:, the strait was one of the few sea routes between the Atlantic and Pacific before the construction of the
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1684:
1440:
1276:
997:
434:
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1858:
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and the navigational conditions in the Strait of Magellan. In a report the expedition recommended that a
729:, considered the strait a threat through which rival conquistadors could arrive to challenge his claims.
721:
seemed to have understood his voyage through the area as an unrepeatable feat. By contrast, conquistador
445:
migration to Tierra del Fuego is generally thought to have displaced a related non-seafaring people, the
4982:
4760:
4034:"Holocene sea-level changes along the Strait of Magellan and Beagle Channel, southernmost South America"
3654:
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3603:
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1747:
1262:
1098:
892:
761:
749:
733:
689:
607:, charged to explore Magdalen Sound, failed to return to the fleet, instead sailing back to Spain under
520:" has led to speculation that there might have been earlier contact, but this is generally discounted.)
450:
4948:
3578:
2551:
Chapman, Anne; Hester, Thomas R. (1973). "New data on the archaeology of the Haush: Tierra del Fuego".
1511:. Possibly, new tourism industries could be established in the eastern part of the strait for watching
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1170:
877:
809:
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lists 41 lighthouses in the waterway. Some of them are more than a century old, and some are declared
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meet the Patagonian plains. In Tierra del Fuego, across the strait from Punta Arenas, the village of
1177:, was situated in a forested zone on the north side of the strait, and was later abandoned. In 1848,
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576:
513:
3781:"I also mended the sloop's sails and rigging, and fitted a jigger, which changed the rig to a yawl "
1538:) is an open bay located in the north coast of the strait. Opposite Pecket Bay is Gente Grande Bay (
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Valdivia himself never actually reached the strait, as he was killed in 1553 attempting to conquer
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1236:, as the Drake Passage is notorious for turbulent and unpredictable weather, and is frequented by
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4402:
Strait of Magellan, Chilean Channels and Fiords; Regulations and information for Piloting. Routes
4063:
3945:"Ballena franca retorna a Estrecho de Magallanes y abre nueva opción de avistamientos turísticos"
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1385:. Exemplifying the difficulty of the passage, it took Magellan 38 days to complete the crossing.
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509:
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3285:"Las exploraciones inglesas en el estrecho de Magallanes. El mapa manuscrito de John Narborough"
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4659:. Hakluyt Society second series. Vol. XXVII. London, U.K.: Routledge, Ashgate Publishing.
4418:
Pilotage is compulsory for navigating inner waters, between Canal de Chacao and Cabo de Hornos.
3994:
Belgrano, Jimena; Iñíguez, Miguel; Gibbons, Jorge; García, Cristian; Olavarría, Carlos (2008).
3902:"Magallanes-Fagnano continental transform fault (Tierra del Fuego, southernmost South America)"
3107:
1244:. Ships in the strait, protected by Tierra del Fuego to the south and the coast of continental
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the conflicts between two countries were settled and Argentina ratified the strait as Chilean.
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lived on the western part of the strait's northern coast. To the east of the Kawésqar were the
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1981:
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1345:). The northwestern portion of the strait is connected with other sheltered waterways via the
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divided South America and whatever was to be south of it into a series of grants to different
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1651:, 52 km (32 mi) south of Punta Arenas, is a 250 ha (620-acre) protected area.
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1608:, as he began his voyage through the strait on November 1, 1520, the day of "All Saints" (
1483:, leads north from the strait between Muñoz Gamero Peninsula and Manuel Rodriguez Island.
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3577:. Edited by Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee. 63 vols. and 2 supplements (6 vols.). London:
2755:
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on a survey expedition to the strait from 1866 to 1869. The naturalist on the voyage was
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from 1589, depicts the strait as the only route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
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and by extension the continent of Antarctica was in effect claimed by Spain and that an
1828:
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came to suggest the establishment of a British base in strait to aid travel between the
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by A. B. C. (Addison Beecher Colvin) Whipple; 1980, Time-Life Books: ISBN 0-8094-2679-X
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2013:
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the possibility of establishing contacts between Chile and Seville through the strait.
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Talbott, Robert D. (November 1967). "The Chilean Boundary in the Strait of Magellan".
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The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555
4364:"Web alert: Magellan Strait Pilotage - is it compulsory and who should pay the fees?"
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landed at the site of Rey Don Felipe in 1587, he found only ruins of the settlement.
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634:, commemorating the first ship that entered. Within seven years, it was being called
531:. His ships became the first to navigate the strait in 1520. The five ships included
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2919:"Expedición al estrecho de Magallanes en 1553: Gerónimo de Vivar y Hernando Gallego"
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and the lamines were hunted has been found at some sites, such as Cueva del Medio.
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Letter from B.J. Sulivan, 27 June 1866 and nn. 6 and 7 in the Darwin Letters. See:
1884:
In 2008, 571 Chilean ships and 1,681 non-Chilean ships sailed through the strait.
1665:
List of lighthouses in Chile: NGA2328–NGA2718 § Strait of Magellan (71°-68°W)
1321:
4992:
4724:
Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas
4722:
4676:
Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan
4654:
4617:. Works issued by the Hakluyt Society. Vol. Issue 30. Kessinger Publishing.
4583:
4337:
4317:
869:, or "Port Famine", as most of the settlers died of cold or starvation. When Sir
5020:
2625:
2612:
1709:
hulk, the world's first four-masted, iron-hulled "full-rig ship", used now as a
1567:
gust of wind descending from a mountainous coast of high latitudes to the sea".
1266:
1205:
818:
808:
Colonization by the Spanish southward in Chile halted after the conquest of the
388:
372:
17:
4405:
4097:
2377:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1388:
The eastern opening is a wide bay on the border of Chile and Argentina between
850:
Pigafetta had described the strait as a hospitable area with many good ports, "
41:
3438:
3222:
3172:
3087:
3074:
Torrejón, Fernando; Cisternas, Marco; Alvial, Ingrid and Torres, Laura. 2011.
2876:
2033:
1994:
1472:
1396:("Cape of the Holy Spirit") on Tierra del Fuego, the border as defined in the
1233:
1126:
1058:
1014:
1010:
737:
4292:
3168:"Expediciones a las costas de la Patagonia Occidental en el periodo colonial"
2340:
2326:
1634:
to the mainland Indians, and their land was subsequently known as Patagonia.
770:
was the second captain to navigate the strait and the first to discover that
371:
Historically identifiable indigenous ethnic groups around the strait are the
255:
expedition, changed the name to the Strait of Magellan in honor of Magellan.
240:, after whom the strait is named, became the first Europeans to discover it.
119:
106:
4976:
Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786
3948:
2397:
1976:
1630:
1297:
1228:
1121:
1077:
970:
922:
396:
305:
271:
205:
2416:
1515:, as the number of observations in the area has increased in recent years.
1162:
Chile took possession of the Strait of Magellan on May 23, 1843. President
760:. As Valdivia consolidated his claims, he mentions in a 1548 letter to the
353:
4955:
4943:
2564:
1249:
ships to prefer the Drake Passage, where they had more room to maneuver.)
421:
It is possible that Tierra del Fuego was connected to the mainland in the
3944:
3928:
3901:
3010:(in Spanish). Vol. I (3rd ed.). Biblioteca Militar. p. 25.
1870:
1581:
1560:
1491:, is located in this area. This part of the strait lies on the elongated
757:
422:
318:
1526:) is a shallow and somewhat closed bay in the strait located near where
1095:
be established at the strait to support future traffic along the route.
1009:
In the 18th century further explorations were done by English explorers
483:
4277:
3670:
2318:
1874:
1241:
1237:
880:
key in protecting western Patagonia from foreign intrusions. Valdivia,
523:
Magellan led an expedition in the service of the Spanish King, Emperor
475:
with a witch who was said to have "retained the waters and the foods".
357:
311:
279:
259:
4124:"Chile ponders tidal energy potential in Magellan Strait — MercoPress"
1669:
1378:
1354:
1046:
From 1826 to 1830, the strait was explored and thoroughly charted by
851:
571:(75 tons, 32 crew members), under command of Juan Rodríguez Serrano (
349:
266:
is now compulsory. The strait is shorter and more sheltered than the
221:
141:
4444:"UN Law of Sea, Declaración formulada al momento de la ratificación"
3662:
1717:
lighthouse, restored in 2004 and is now a museum and lodge; and the
1412:
of different ages. The Primera Angostura is the closest approach of
508:
The first European contact in this area was evidently the voyage of
4757:
Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery
3528:(A Replica ed.). The Iowa State University Press. p. 75.
2341:"Strait of Magellan, a voyage throughout History XVI-XXI centuries"
1136:. The Admiralty compiled advice to mariners of the strait in 1871.
599:, sent on a mission to find the passage, was caught in a storm and
4966:
4231:
2136:
1961:
1933:
1899:
Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina
1827:
1668:
1398:
Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina
1357:. South of Cape Froward, the principal shipping route follows the
1320:
1269:
1213:
Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina
925:
and recognized the southern end of Tierra del Fuego. Years later,
653:
502:
482:
446:
415:
209:
179:
4917:
Robertson, James Alexander; Pigafetta, Antonio (August 8, 2015).
4795:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar.
2151:
Later this has served Chilean and Argentine governments to claim
4998:
Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available
4975:
3866:
2193:
1772:
Numerous protected systems are located around the strait (S.P.:
1120:
to ask Mayne to collect several boatloads of fossils of extinct
876:
The Spanish failure to colonize the Strait of Magellan made the
740:
to the Strait of Magellan, and installed his personal secretary
646:
considered the strait the southern boundary of their territory.
460:
275:
4540:
de Zurara, Gomes Eanes; Prestage, Edgar; Beazley, C.R. (2010).
4032:
Porter, Stephen C.; Stuiver, Minze; Heusser, Calvin J. (1984).
1703:("national monument"). Among the most notable lighthouses are:
1150:
East Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and Strait of Magellan Dispute
1579:, adapted to Spanish phonology and spelling. Examples include
797:
sent another exploratory squad of 70 men under the command of
2580:
Mitos de Chile: Enciclopedia de seres, apariciones y encantos
1451:(Cabo Pilar), and other smaller islands, and on the north by
575:). Before the passage of the strait (and after the mutiny in
224:
is considered the most important natural passage between the
4907:
So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan
1616:. Magellan named the island on the south side of the strait
537:(110 tons, 55 crew members), under the command of Magellan;
3871:"P 1386-I Chile and Argentina – Wet Andes: Past Glaciation"
3816:"The Straits of Magellan and Oceanographical Setting Chile"
2756:"Little-known Facts About the Hazardous Strait of Magellan"
1936:
service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir
407:, who inhabited the southernmost part of Tierra del Fuego.
2818:"El Tratado Antártico, vehículo de paz en un campo minado"
2794:
2792:
1721:, located at the western mouth of the strait and built by
674:. The strait of Magellan and the area south of it went to
516:
in 1563 that mentions early charts showing the strait as "
3263:
3261:
3259:
2962:"Juan Bautista Pastene: Primer almirande del mar chileno"
2779:
2777:
2664:"Ferdinand Magellan, Discovery of the Strait of Magellan"
1333:. Selected modern settlements are shown with yellow dots.
1029:
between Spain and Britain had shifted from the strait to
27:
Strait in southern Chile between the Atlantic and Pacific
2650:
3896:
Lodolo, Emanuele; Menichetti, Marco; Bartole, Roberto;
2523:
La enciclopedia de ciencias y tecnologías en Argentina
2461:
Benson, Andrew; Aeberhard, Danny (November 15, 2010).
831:
Spanish colonization attempt of the Strait of Magellan
790:, about 1600 km (994 miles) north of the strait.
4649:
Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428.
4542:
The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea
3734:"The Strait Of Magellan: Everything You Need To Know"
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2069:
List of fjords, channels, sounds and straits of Chile
1166:
ordered this expedition after consulting the Chilean
549:(90 tons, 45 crew members) under the command of
247:("Strait of All Saints"). The King of Spain, Emperor
2578:
Montecino Aguirre, Sonia (2015). "Canal de Beagle".
433:
was back then. A Selk'nam tradition recorded by the
3002:; Villaroel Carmona, Rafael; Lepe Orellana, Jaime;
1756:
Francisco Coloane Marine and Coastal Protected Area
1597:(a channel located at 54° 7' S and 70° 30' W), and
1485:
Francisco Coloane Marine and Coastal Protected Area
1202:
Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina
1193:in the late 19th century. Until the opening of the
471:by slingshots falling on Earth during the fight of
258:The route is difficult to navigate due to frequent
170:
162:
158:
147:
135:
96:
85:
34:
4510:
2432:"RIGHTS-CHILE: A 'New Deal' for Indigenous Groups"
4318:Mapas ambientales de Ministerio de Obras Públicas
4083:"Tidal characteristics of the Strait of Magellan"
3424:
3422:
3420:
541:(120 tons, 60 crew members) under the command of
4727:. Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty. pp. 37–84.
2099:Timeline of the Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation
1559:potential in the strait. The strait is prone to
563:(85 tons, 42 crew members) under the command of
97:
4885:Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan
4656:Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan
4582:Cunningham, Robert Oliver (January 26, 2012) .
3686:"CONDICIÓN JURÍDICA DEL ESTRECHO DE MAGALLANES"
1905:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
1727:
4544:. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Hayklut Society;
4398:"General piloting regulations and information"
3975:Southern Right Whale Spotted in Chilean Waters
3900:; Tassone, Alejandro; Lippai, Horacio (2003).
3547:
3545:
2268:"Straight Of Magellan – Map & Description"
1800:S.P. Estepa Húmeda Kampenaiken Tres Chorrillos
1471:. Two narrow channels connect the strait with
46:The Strait of Magellan at the southern tip of
4967:The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520
4027:
4025:
3779:. New York: The Century Company. p. 127.
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2605:
2603:
2430:Espinoza, María Cecilia (November 27, 2003).
2079:List of things named after Ferdinand Magellan
1889:pilot is subject to interpretation, however.
1661:List of lighthouses and lightvessels in Chile
1416:to mainland South America. Farther west lies
1068:in 1831. In connection to these explorations
618:, 1 November 1520. Magellan named the strait
8:
4487:(in Spanish) (2 ed.). Santiago, Chile:
4370:. Charles Taylor, P.L.C. February 23, 2015.
3410:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3337:(in Spanish). Valparaíso. pp. 525–537.
2125:Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories
579:), Álvaro de Mesquita became captain of the
243:Magellan's original name for the strait was
4857:(in Spanish). Valparaíso. pp. 539–596.
4653:Markham, Clements R., ed. (May 15, 2017) .
4293:"Bell Rock Bicentennial : Biographies"
2546:
2544:
2465:(4th ed.). Rough Guides. p. 501.
1495:, which marks a plate boundary between the
1204:, Argentina effectively recognized Chilean
395:, whose territory extended to the north in
5001:(Maps) (in Spanish), Government of Chile,
4867:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4855:Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile
4404:(in Spanish), Chilean Navy, archived from
4147:
4145:
3590:
3362:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3335:Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile
2783:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2064:List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands
1329:in the Strait of Magellan area during the
1146:Chilean takeover of the Strait of Magellan
1050:, who commanded the British survey vessel
821:and "hispanic-mediterranean" agriculture.
748:, well short of the strait, it discovered
67:
31:
4755:Murphy, Patrick J.; Coye, Ray W. (2013).
4191:
4122:Wynne-Hughes, Antonia (August 17, 2009).
4081:Medeiros, Carmen; Kjerfve, Bjorn (1988).
4013:
3927:
3701:
3451:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3235:
3185:
2889:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2406:
2396:
854:" wood, and abundant shellfish and fish.
270:, the often stormy open sea route around
4218:
3267:
2798:
2493:(in Spanish) (17th ed.). Santiago:
1261:was the first documented person to have
774:was an island. Valdivia then dispatched
650:16th century explorations after Magellan
4256:
4130:from the original on September 21, 2013
3646:The Hispanic American Historical Review
3124:
2838:from the original on September 20, 2021
2262:
2260:
2221:
2116:
1915:
1697:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
1601:(the north side of the Dawson Island).
1589:at the east side of Tierra del Fuego),
1503:. This fault continues southward under
1373:, prefer the latter. Its major port is
843:, sent a squadron with two ships under
614:Magellan's ships entered the strait on
611:, who imprisoned the captain Mesquita.
403:. To the west of the Selk'nam were the
236:expedition of the Portuguese navigator
5005:from the original on September 4, 2012
4860:
4696:(in Spanish). Santiago: Andres Bello.
4640:
4630:
4429:
4295:. 200.bellrock.org.uk. June 26, 1934.
3802:
3790:
3490:, vol. I, London: Henry Colburn,
3460:from the original on November 30, 2020
3355:
3307:from the original on February 24, 2021
3194:from the original on November 19, 2021
3056:from the original on February 24, 2021
2941:from the original on November 19, 2021
2898:from the original on December 15, 2021
2651:de Zurara, Prestage & Beazley 2010
2553:Journal de la Société des Américaniste
2029:Beaver eradication in Tierra del Fuego
1809:S.P. Reservas Biológicas de Río Cóndor
825:Spanish attempt to colonise the strait
732:In 1544 Valdivia commissioned Captain
658:View of the capitulaciones granted by
591:. Later, Serrão became captain of the
463:the strait was created along with the
262:and unpredictable winds and currents.
4989:Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile
4887:(Hardcover). Hanover, New Hampshire:
4819:. The Floating Press. pp. 80–90.
4678:. Translated by Markham, Clements R.
4567:. Glasgow: Brown, Son, and Ferguson.
4374:from the original on October 18, 2019
4299:from the original on October 21, 2013
4096:plc. pp. 947–960. Archived from
3955:from the original on December 9, 2015
3775:Slocum, Joshua (1919) . "Chapter X".
3630:
3344:from the original on January 12, 2020
3144:from the original on October 26, 2019
3006:; Fuenzalida Helms, Eduardo (1997) .
2762:from the original on October 18, 2019
2721:from the original on January 21, 2022
2442:from the original on October 23, 2019
2351:from the original on October 22, 2019
2274:from the original on October 19, 2019
2245:from the original on October 23, 2019
1713:for the harbour at Punta Arenas; the
1593:(the end of the Almirantazgo Fjord),
1181:was founded farther north, where the
7:
5056:Bodies of water of Magallanes Region
4827:(March 1, 2009) . Scher, Rod (ed.).
4344:from the original on October 2, 2013
4001:Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia
3740:from the original on October 8, 2022
3684:John Ranson García (December 2011).
3555:, Martinus Nijhoff Publisher, 1989,
3487:Captain P. Parker King, R.N., F.R.S.
3293:Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia
2927:Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia
2816:Prieto Larrain, M. Cristina (2004).
1725:, who wrote on his arrival in 1934:
1377:, a transshipment point for Chilean
957:issued orders to the governments of
913:In 1616, Dutch travelers, including
895:four months to traverse the strait;
707:The strait and the conquest of Chile
410:All tribes in the area were nomadic
5017:Satellite image, Strait of Magellan
4834:. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Sheridan House.
4690:Historia del Estrecho de Magallines
4674:Markham, Clements R., ed. (2016) .
4238:from the original on April 22, 2019
4200:from the original on April 21, 2014
3710:from the original on August 7, 2020
3526:A history of the Chilean boundaries
3138:"History of the Strait of Magellan"
2676:from the original on August 7, 2020
2529:from the original on April 28, 2021
2371:Verdugo, R. A.; Moraga, M. (2018).
2141:Norse colonization of North America
1853:, Paso Brecknock or Canal Ocasión,
1530:is as narrowest. San Gregorio Bay (
1284:. He wrote about the experience in
948:, Pascual de Iriate led a party to
756:, where Valdivia would later found
4919:Magellan's Voyage Around the World
4456:from the original on March 3, 2016
3847:from the original on July 11, 2019
3328:"Expedición de Bartolomé Gallardo"
2039:Continental Divide of the Americas
1612:in Spanish). Charles V renamed it
938:Spanish, 17 English and 15 Dutch.
899:returned before reaching the end.
493:, one of Magellan's ships, in the
25:
5026:United States Hydrographic Office
4883:Kent, Rockwell (March 10, 2000).
4732:Morris, Michael (July 27, 1989).
4159:from the original on May 14, 2019
3877:from the original on May 11, 2008
3244:from the original on May 16, 2020
2758:. Vacayholics. January 22, 2015.
1620:, which the Yaghan people called
1467:, and other minor islands of the
887:In 1599 it took five ships under
4961:Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship
4954:
4942:
3574:Dictionary of national biography
3494:from the original on May 5, 2011
2525:(in Spanish). December 1, 2013.
1997:
1969:
1953:
1941:
1921:
1311:nuclear-powered aircraft carrier
1225:Pacific Steam Navigation Company
815:fjords and channels of Patagonia
322:) the extinct jaguar subspecies
66:
59:
40:
4889:University Press of New England
4789:; Belmonte, Alejandro (1820) .
4193:10.4067/S0071-17131998003300004
4015:10.4067/S0718-686X2008000200007
3984:. Retrieved on October 16, 2014
3703:10.4067/S0718-34372011000300003
3453:10.4067/S0718-22442016000100002
3237:10.4067/S0718-22442017000200011
3187:10.4067/S0718-22442013000200002
2891:10.4067/S0718-22442020000300029
1414:Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
352:camelids, including the extant
335:, the superficially camel-like
169:
161:
4993:"Maps of all regions of Chile"
4851:"Expedición de Antonio de Vea"
4831:Sailing Alone Around the World
4816:Sailing Alone Around the World
3777:Sailing Alone Around the World
3004:Fuente-Alba Poblete, J. Miguel
2960:Barría González, Juan (1994).
2231:"The Man Who Sailed the World"
1948:The Strait of Magellan at dawn
1932:at Porvenir port, providing a
1752:Los Pingüinos Natural Monument
1640:is named for the Dutch pirate
1628:. Magellan also gave the name
1422:Los Pingüinos Natural Monument
1349:. This area is similar to the
1325:Map showing the extent of the
1287:Sailing Alone Around the World
1083:The 1837 French expedition of
1066:Geographical Society of London
1:
4921:(Hardcover). Andesite Press.
4759:. New Haven, CT; London, UK:
4441:See also Chilean note to the
4327:, retrieved on 26 August 2013
3943:El Mercurio (July 13, 2009).
1964:satellite image of the strait
1154:Patagonian sheep farming boom
1019:Louis Antoine de Bougainville
857:In 1584, Sarmiento de Gamboa
660:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
453:from the sea-faring peoples.
274:, which is beset by frequent
84:
4060:10.1016/0033-5894(84)90006-1
3326:Gallardo, Bartolomé (1886).
3106:(in Spanish). Archived from
2917:Barros, José Miguel (1981).
2463:The Rough Guide to Argentina
2209:exhibit the same phenomenon.
2129:Exploration of North America
2049:Fjords and channels of Chile
1778:Bienes Nacionales Protegidos
861:two colonies in the strait:
758:the city that bears his name
620:Estrecho de Todos los Santos
429:) much in the same way that
245:Estrecho de Todos los Santos
4905:Parr, Charles McKew (1953)
4178:Latorre, Guillermo (1998).
3973:The Patagon Journal. 2009.
3524:Talbott, Robert D. (1974).
3510:September 15, 2016, at the
2626:10.1080/0308569032000097477
1806:S.P. Península Muñoz Gamero
1768:Magellanic subpolar forests
1764:Magallanes National Reserve
1760:Alacalufes National Reserve
1738:, are popular attractions.
1730:anyone can imagine ...
1563:, "a sudden violent, cold,
1116:requested the Lords of the
360:. Evidence to suggest that
5072:
4738:Kluwer Academic Publishers
4590:Cambridge University Press
4546:Cambridge University Press
4513:Over the Edge of the World
4270:"Hostería Faro san Isidro"
4186:(in Spanish) (33): 55–67.
4090:Continental Shelf Research
3690:Revista Chilena de Derecho
3618:February 11, 2023, at the
3608:February 11, 2023, at the
3283:; Moore, David M. (1982).
2347:. Magellan Strait Travel.
2188:, Strait of Magellan, the
2044:Exploration of the Pacific
2019:Archipelagoes of Patagonia
1896:
1745:
1658:
1604:Magellan named the strait
1469:Queen Adelaide Archipelago
1191:Tierra del Fuego gold rush
1158:Tierra del Fuego gold rush
1143:
909:Garcia de Nodal expedition
906:
835:In 1578 English navigator
828:
793:In October 1557, Governor
736:to explore the coast from
710:
644:Captaincy General of Chile
638:in honor of Magellan. The
309:), the large ground sloth
4484:Historia General de Chile
4449:(in Spanish). p. 9.
4232:"Strait of Magellan Park"
3414:Barros Arana 1884, p. 119
3402:Barros Arana 1884, p. 120
3081:December 3, 2013, at the
3008:Historia militar de Chile
1655:Lighthouses in the strait
1280:in the first solo global
1005:18th century explorations
903:17th century explorations
845:Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
795:García Hurtado de Mendoza
692:, one of Valdivia's men.
166:570 km (350 mi)
54:
39:
4979:(in English and Spanish)
4849:de Vea, Antonio (1886).
4787:Alcalá-Galiano, Dionisio
4687:Martinic, Mateo (1977).
4481:(2000) . "Capítulo VI".
4338:"Estrecho De Magallanes"
4274:hosteriafarosanisidro.cl
3000:Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto
2870:Pérez, Ezequiel (2020).
2074:List of islands of Chile
1791:S.P. Cabo Espíritu Santo
1493:Magallanes-Fagnano Fault
1408:, narrows formed by two
1313:to navigate the strait.
1227:became the first to use
1140:Incorporation into Chile
1110:Robert Oliver Cunningham
325:Panthera onca mesembrina
4489:Editorial Universitaria
3840:Encyclopædia Britannica
3430:Urbina C., María Ximena
3214:Urbina C., María Ximena
3029:Urbina Carrasco, Ximena
2669:Encyclopædia Britannica
2495:Editorial Universitaria
2438:. Inter Press Service.
2398:10.1073/pnas.1715688115
2239:Smithsonian Institution
1719:Evangelistas Lighthouse
1649:Strait of Magellan Park
1546:) in Tierra del Fuego.
1465:Manuel Rodriguez Island
1400:. Immediately west are
1394:Cabo del Espíritu Santo
1253:20th century to present
1025:. By 1770 the focus of
676:Pedro Sánchez de la Hoz
439:Giuseppe María Beauvoir
174:2 km (1.2 mi)
4971:(in English and Latin)
4734:The Strait of Magellan
4563:Cumming, Bill (2009).
4280:on September 16, 2013.
3579:Smith, Elder & Co.
3553:The Strait of Magellan
2784:Murphy & Coye 2013
1837:
1785:B.N.P. Isla Carlos III
1736:Magdalena Island Light
1732:
1692:
1614:Estrecho de Magallanes
1543:
1535:
1523:
1461:Muñoz Gamero Peninsula
1437:Capitán Aracena Island
1334:
1263:single-handedly sailed
1023:Jules Dumont d'Urville
998:A Relation of a Voyage
929:commanded by brothers
768:García Jofré de Loaiza
663:
636:Estrecho de Magallanes
557:served as boatswain);
505:
208:sea route in southern
198:Estrecho de Magallanes
197:
185:
184:The Strait of Magellan
4983:World Digital Archive
4761:Yale University Press
4340:. Web.directemar.cl.
4323:May 19, 2013, at the
4126:. En.mercopress.com.
3655:Duke University Press
2565:10.3406/jsa.1973.2088
2173:Treaty of Tordesillas
2171:bull of 1493 and the
1831:
1748:VLCC Metula oil spill
1672:
1513:southern right whales
1479:. A broader channel,
1428:and the shoreline of
1324:
1099:Richard Charles Mayne
1087:surveyed the area of
907:Further information:
882:reestablished in 1645
762:Council of the Indies
734:Juan Bautista Pastene
711:Further information:
695:The first map of the
690:Francisco de Villagra
657:
573:João Rodrigues Serrão
555:Juan Sebastián Elcano
486:
299:Indigenous navigation
183:
4963:at Wikimedia Commons
4951:at Wikimedia Commons
4813:(January 1, 2009) .
4740:). pp. 68–104.
4509:(October 14, 2003).
4184:Philological Studies
3980:May 2, 2015, at the
3929:10.1029/2003TC001500
3835:"Strait of Magellan"
3479:King, P. P. (1839),
3164:Urbina C., M. Ximena
2491:Prehistoria de Chile
2345:magellanstraittravel
1788:B.N.P. Islote Rupert
1497:South American Plate
1392:on the mainland and
1327:Patagonian Ice Sheet
1219:Steamship navigation
1027:a potential conflict
955:Baltasar de la Cueva
946:last and largest one
927:a Spanish expedition
316:saber toothed cats (
251:, who sponsored the
212:separating mainland
5030:South America Pilot
4783:de Córdoba, Antonio
4479:Barros Arana, Diego
4432:, pp. 68, 104.
4155:. Weather on line.
4103:on November 4, 2013
4052:1984QuRes..22...59P
4039:Quaternary Research
3920:2003Tecto..22.1076L
3833:Wallenfeldt, Jeff.
3390:de Vea 1886, p. 590
3376:de Vea 1886, p. 587
3091:. Vol. 39(2):75–95.
2884:(especial): 29–44.
2832:University of Talca
2389:2018PNAS..115E4006D
2383:(17): E4006–E4012.
2311:2016Ecogr..39..125V
2196:by adding a jigger.
2192:was re-rigged as a
1687:for the harbour at
1528:Brunswick Peninsula
1453:Brunswick Peninsula
1383:Brunswick Peninsula
1331:Last Glacial Period
1189:emerged during the
1048:Phillip Parker King
950:Evangelistas Islets
841:Francisco de Toledo
746:41st parallel south
727:letter to Charles V
451:physically distinct
342:the fox-like canid
202:Straits of Magellan
200:), also called the
116: /
5046:Strait of Magellan
4949:Strait of Magellan
4779:Ponce, Jose Vargas
4607:Galvaão, António;
4507:Bergreen, Laurence
4408:on October 8, 2012
3736:. April 18, 2019.
3563:, pages 22 and ff.
3281:Martinic B., Mateo
3110:on March 9, 2008.
2980:on October 9, 2022
2319:10.1111/ecog.01606
2270:. worldatlas.com.
2235:Smithsonianmag.com
2054:Geography of Chile
1917:Strait of Magellan
1903:Article 35 of the
1838:
1797:S.P. Cabo Posesión
1701:Monumento Nacional
1693:
1642:Baltazar de Cordes
1544:bahía Gente Grande
1536:bahía San Gregorio
1505:Almirantazgo Fjord
1487:, a sanctuary for
1335:
1303:In June 2004, the
1295:open water swimmer
1293:In 1976, American
1183:Magellanic forests
1171:Bernardo O'Higgins
1057:. In consort with
1017:. The French sent
878:Chiloé Archipelago
810:Chiloé Archipelago
776:Francisco de Ulloa
664:
510:Ferdinand Magellan
506:
495:Museo Nao Victoria
238:Ferdinand Magellan
220:to the south. The
190:Strait of Magellan
186:
74:Strait of Magellan
35:Strait of Magellan
4959:Media related to
4947:Media related to
4928:978-1-298-53871-0
4911:Thomas Y. Crowell
4898:978-0-8195-6409-2
4841:978-1-57409-275-2
4802:978-1-371-28632-3
4770:978-0-300-17028-3
4747:978-0-7923-0181-3
4719:Mayne, Richard C.
4703:978-956-16-0402-5
4666:978-1-317-14670-4
4624:978-0-7661-9022-1
4599:978-1-108-04185-0
4574:978-1-84927-013-7
4555:978-1-108-01390-1
4532:978-0-06-621173-2
4498:978-956-11-1535-4
4368:The Standard Club
4092:. Great Britain:
3822:on March 6, 2008.
3793:, pp. 89–90.
3763:THE CLIPPER SHIPS
3761:(series), volume
3633:, pp. 37–84.
3140:. April 7, 2017.
2970:Revista de Marina
2823:Revista Universum
2593:978-956-324-375-8
2504:978-956-11-1703-7
2472:978-1-84836-521-6
2133:Waldseemüller map
2084:Magallanes Region
1982:USS Ronald Reagan
1893:Navigation status
1855:Ballenero Channel
1847:Magdalena Channel
1812:S.P. San Gregorio
1794:S.P. Cabo Froward
1774:Sistema Protegido
1706:County of Peebles
1676:County of Peebles
1550:Tides and weather
1449:Desolación Island
1445:Santa Inés Island
1410:terminal moraines
1406:Segunda Angostura
1402:Primera Angostura
1359:Magdalena Channel
1339:Carlos III Island
1306:USS Ronald Reagan
1089:Puerto del Hambre
867:Puerto del Hambre
752:and the mouth of
723:Pedro de Valdivia
719:Antonio Pigafetta
713:Conquest of Chile
682:Pedro de Valdivia
628:Patagonian Strait
624:Antonio Pigafetta
577:Puerto San Julián
551:Gaspar de Quesada
543:Juan de Cartagena
282:. Along with the
278:-force winds and
264:Maritime piloting
216:to the north and
178:
177:
90:Magallanes Region
16:(Redirected from
5063:
5051:Straits of Chile
5013:
5012:
5010:
4980:
4972:
4958:
4946:
4932:
4902:
4872:
4866:
4858:
4845:
4820:
4806:
4774:
4751:
4728:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4695:
4683:
4670:
4648:
4643:has extra text (
4642:
4638:
4636:
4628:
4609:Hakluyt, Richard
4603:
4578:
4559:
4548:. p. cxiv.
4536:
4519:Harper Perennial
4516:
4502:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4455:
4448:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4413:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4334:
4328:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4276:. Archived from
4266:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4195:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4149:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4087:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4029:
4020:
4019:
4017:
3991:
3985:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3898:Ben-Avraham, Zvi
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3818:. Archived from
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3772:
3766:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3705:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3570:
3564:
3551:Michael Morris,
3549:
3540:
3539:
3521:
3515:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3455:
3426:
3415:
3412:
3403:
3400:
3391:
3388:
3377:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3361:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3332:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3306:
3289:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3239:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3189:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3098:
3092:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3038:
3025:
3012:
3011:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2973:. Archived from
2966:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2923:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2893:
2867:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2813:
2802:
2796:
2787:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2752:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2705:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2410:
2400:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2226:
2210:
2207:Aleutian Islands
2203:
2197:
2182:
2176:
2162:animus occupandi
2157:Tierra del Fuego
2149:
2143:
2121:
2059:Islands of Chile
2007:
2005:Geography portal
2002:
2001:
2000:
1973:
1957:
1945:
1925:
1851:Cockburn Channel
1803:S.P. Isla Dawson
1618:Tierra del Fuego
1610:Todos los Santos
1606:Todos los Santos
1418:Magdalena Island
1381:situated on the
1282:circumnavigation
1085:Dumont D'Urville
1031:Falkland Islands
994:
976:Tierra del Fuego
871:Thomas Cavendish
772:Tierra del Fuego
742:Juan de Cárdenas
626:, called it the
412:hunter-gatherers
401:Tierra del Fuego
218:Tierra del Fuego
154:Chile, Argentina
131:
130:
128:
127:
126:
121:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
99:
70:
69:
63:
44:
32:
21:
18:Magellan Straits
5071:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5036:
5035:
5008:
5006:
4987:
4978:
4970:
4939:
4929:
4916:
4899:
4882:
4879:
4877:Further reading
4859:
4848:
4842:
4823:
4809:
4803:
4777:
4771:
4754:
4748:
4731:
4717:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4693:
4686:
4680:Hakluyt Society
4673:
4667:
4652:
4639:
4629:
4625:
4606:
4600:
4581:
4575:
4562:
4556:
4539:
4533:
4505:
4499:
4477:
4474:
4469:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4446:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4428:
4424:
4411:
4409:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4377:
4375:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4336:
4335:
4331:
4325:Wayback Machine
4316:
4312:
4302:
4300:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4255:
4251:
4241:
4239:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4217:
4213:
4203:
4201:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4162:
4160:
4151:
4150:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4031:
4030:
4023:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3982:Wayback Machine
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3713:
3711:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3663:10.2307/2510673
3642:
3641:
3637:
3629:
3625:
3620:Wayback Machine
3610:Wayback Machine
3601:
3597:
3591:Cunningham 2012
3589:
3585:
3571:
3567:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3512:Wayback Machine
3497:
3495:
3481:FitzRoy, Robert
3478:
3477:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3428:
3427:
3418:
3413:
3406:
3401:
3394:
3389:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3354:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3287:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3266:
3257:
3247:
3245:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3145:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3083:Wayback Machine
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3015:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2869:
2868:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2815:
2814:
2805:
2797:
2790:
2782:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2714:Memoria Chilena
2707:
2706:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2653:, p. cxiv.
2649:
2645:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2586:. p. 125.
2577:
2576:
2572:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2204:
2200:
2183:
2179:
2153:Terra Australis
2150:
2146:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2104:Transit passage
2089:Monte Sarmiento
2003:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1986:
1974:
1965:
1958:
1949:
1946:
1937:
1926:
1914:
1901:
1895:
1859:O'Brien Channel
1826:
1821:
1770:
1744:
1667:
1659:Main articles:
1657:
1626:Yaghan language
1573:
1552:
1507:and then below
1489:humpback whales
1441:Clarence Island
1426:Canal Whiteside
1390:Punta Dúngeness
1369:, particularly
1319:
1255:
1221:
1160:
1142:
1044:
1039:
1007:
988:
986:François Froger
967:Río de la Plata
942:John Narborough
915:Willem Schouten
911:
905:
897:Sebalt de Weert
889:Simon de Cordes
863:Nombre de Jesús
833:
827:
799:Juan Ladrillero
715:
709:
652:
632:Victoria Strait
616:All Saints' Day
565:Luis de Mendoza
527:, to reach the
512:. (A report by
481:
456:According to a
425:(c. 9000 years
301:
296:
253:Magellan-Elcano
151: countries
124:
122:
118:
115:
110:
107:
105:
103:
102:
81:
80:
79:
78:
77:
76:
75:
71:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5069:
5067:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5023:
5014:
4985:
4973:
4964:
4952:
4938:
4937:External links
4935:
4934:
4933:
4927:
4914:
4903:
4897:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4846:
4840:
4829:The Annotated
4825:Slocum, Joshua
4821:
4811:Slocum, Joshua
4807:
4801:
4775:
4769:
4752:
4746:
4729:
4715:
4702:
4684:
4671:
4665:
4650:
4623:
4604:
4598:
4579:
4573:
4560:
4554:
4537:
4531:
4503:
4497:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4434:
4422:
4385:
4355:
4329:
4310:
4283:
4261:
4249:
4223:
4211:
4170:
4141:
4114:
4094:Pergamon Press
4073:
4021:
3986:
3966:
3947:(in Spanish).
3935:
3888:
3858:
3825:
3807:
3795:
3783:
3767:
3751:
3725:
3696:(3): 457–485.
3692:(in Spanish).
3676:
3635:
3623:
3595:
3583:
3565:
3541:
3534:
3516:
3471:
3442:(in Spanish).
3416:
3404:
3392:
3378:
3369:
3318:
3296:(in Spanish).
3272:
3255:
3205:
3176:(in Spanish).
3155:
3129:
3117:
3093:
3067:
3049:(1): 103–114.
3045:(in Spanish).
3013:
2991:
2952:
2909:
2880:(in Spanish).
2849:
2826:(in Spanish).
2803:
2801:, p. 194.
2788:
2773:
2732:
2717:(in Spanish).
2687:
2655:
2643:
2599:
2592:
2582:(in Spanish).
2570:
2540:
2510:
2503:
2497:. p. 21.
2478:
2471:
2453:
2422:
2362:
2332:
2305:(2): 125–140.
2285:
2256:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2198:
2177:
2144:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2024:Bahía Posesión
2021:
2016:
2014:Agostini Fjord
2010:
2009:
2008:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1975:
1968:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1940:
1938:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1894:
1891:
1867:Cerro Sombrero
1843:Beagle Channel
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1743:
1740:
1683:are used as a
1656:
1653:
1572:
1569:
1551:
1548:
1351:Inside Passage
1318:
1315:
1309:was the first
1254:
1251:
1220:
1217:
1141:
1138:
1134:British Museum
1114:Charles Darwin
1070:Robert FitzRoy
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1006:
1003:
919:Jacob Le Maire
904:
901:
891:and his pilot
829:Main article:
826:
823:
803:Atlantic Ocean
754:Valdivia River
708:
705:
701:Maris Pacifici
651:
648:
640:Spanish Empire
585:Duarte Barbosa
539:La San Antonio
514:António Galvão
480:
477:
465:Beagle Channel
423:Early Holocene
300:
297:
295:
292:
284:Beagle Channel
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
100:
94:
93:
87:
83:
82:
73:
72:
65:
64:
58:
57:
56:
55:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5068:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4977:
4974:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4924:
4920:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4864:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4833:
4832:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4705:
4699:
4692:
4691:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4651:
4646:
4641:|volume=
4634:
4626:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4348:September 18,
4343:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4314:
4311:
4303:September 18,
4298:
4294:
4287:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4250:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4219:Martinic 1977
4215:
4212:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4171:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4134:September 18,
4129:
4125:
4118:
4115:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3889:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3829:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3784:
3778:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3759:The Seafarers
3755:
3752:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3680:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3561:0-7923-0181-1
3558:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3535:0-8138-0305-5
3531:
3527:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3482:
3475:
3472:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3319:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3270:, p. 76.
3269:
3268:Martinic 1977
3264:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2920:
2913:
2910:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2799:Bergreen 2003
2795:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2487:Mostny, Grete
2482:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2454:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2366:
2363:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2286:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2229:Crum, Haley.
2225:
2222:
2216:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2168:Inter caetera
2164:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2006:
1995:
1990:
1985:in the strait
1984:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1960:A true-color
1956:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1835:
1830:
1823:
1818:S.P. Timaukel
1817:
1815:S.P. San Juan
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1723:George Slight
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1481:Smyth Channel
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:Riesco Island
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1430:Dawson Island
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:clipper ships
1368:
1367:sailing ships
1364:
1363:Drake Passage
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1347:Smyth Channel
1344:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:Joshua Slocum
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:South America
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1223:In 1840, the
1218:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:Fuerte Bulnes
1172:
1169:
1165:
1164:Manuel Bulnes
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1093:French colony
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1074:British Isles
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1004:
1002:
1000:
999:
992:
987:
984:
979:
977:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
951:
947:
943:
939:
936:
935:Gonzalo Nodal
932:
928:
924:
921:, discovered
920:
916:
910:
902:
900:
898:
894:
893:William Adams
890:
885:
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
837:Francis Drake
832:
824:
822:
820:
816:
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
791:
789:
784:
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
750:San Pedro Bay
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
714:
706:
704:
702:
698:
697:Pacific Ocean
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
677:
673:
672:conquistadors
669:
666:In the 1530s
661:
656:
649:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
630:, and others
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
609:Estêvão Gomes
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:
556:
552:
548:
547:La Concepción
544:
540:
536:
535:
530:
529:Spice Islands
526:
521:
519:
518:Dragon's Tail
515:
511:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:
487:A replica of
485:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:Riesco Island
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
408:
406:
405:Yaghan people
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:Yaghan people
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
346:
345:Dusicyon avus
341:
339:
334:
333:
328:
326:
321:
320:
315:
313:
308:
307:
298:
293:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:Drake Passage
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
214:South America
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
182:
173:
165:
157:
153:
150:
146:
143:
140:
138:
134:
129:
101:
95:
91:
88:
62:
53:
49:
48:South America
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5007:, retrieved
4997:
4918:
4906:
4884:
4854:
4828:
4814:
4791:
4756:
4733:
4723:
4707:. Retrieved
4689:
4675:
4655:
4613:
4584:
4564:
4541:
4512:
4483:
4472:Bibliography
4458:. Retrieved
4437:
4425:
4417:
4410:, retrieved
4406:the original
4401:
4394:Chilean Navy
4388:
4376:. Retrieved
4367:
4358:
4346:. Retrieved
4332:
4313:
4301:. Retrieved
4286:
4278:the original
4273:
4264:
4257:Cumming 2009
4252:
4240:. Retrieved
4226:
4214:
4204:September 4,
4202:. Retrieved
4183:
4173:
4161:. Retrieved
4132:. Retrieved
4117:
4105:. Retrieved
4098:the original
4089:
4076:
4046:(1): 59–67.
4043:
4037:
4008:(2): 69–74.
4005:
3999:
3989:
3969:
3957:. Retrieved
3938:
3911:
3905:
3891:
3879:. Retrieved
3861:
3849:. Retrieved
3838:
3828:
3820:the original
3810:
3798:
3786:
3776:
3770:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3728:
3719:
3712:. Retrieved
3693:
3689:
3679:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3626:
3598:
3586:
3572:
3568:
3552:
3525:
3519:
3496:, retrieved
3485:
3474:
3464:December 22,
3462:. Retrieved
3446:(1): 15–40.
3443:
3437:
3372:
3346:. Retrieved
3334:
3321:
3311:December 21,
3309:. Retrieved
3297:
3291:
3275:
3248:December 27,
3246:. Retrieved
3230:(2): 11–36.
3227:
3221:
3208:
3196:. Retrieved
3180:(2): 51–84.
3177:
3171:
3158:
3146:. Retrieved
3132:
3125:Markham 2016
3120:
3111:
3108:the original
3102:
3096:
3086:
3070:
3060:December 21,
3058:. Retrieved
3046:
3040:
3007:
2994:
2982:. Retrieved
2975:the original
2968:
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2931:
2925:
2912:
2902:February 12,
2900:. Retrieved
2881:
2875:
2842:December 31,
2840:. Retrieved
2827:
2821:
2764:. Retrieved
2723:. Retrieved
2712:
2678:. Retrieved
2667:
2658:
2646:
2637:
2617:
2611:
2579:
2573:
2556:
2552:
2533:December 23,
2531:. Retrieved
2522:
2513:
2490:
2481:
2462:
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2435:
2425:
2380:
2376:
2365:
2353:. Retrieved
2344:
2335:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2247:. Retrieved
2234:
2224:
2201:
2189:
2186:Port Angosto
2180:
2166:
2160:
2147:
2119:
2094:Punta Arenas
1980:
1929:
1902:
1883:
1845:through the
1839:
1834:Punta Arenas
1777:
1773:
1771:
1733:
1728:
1714:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1689:Punta Arenas
1680:
1674:
1646:
1638:Bahía Cordes
1637:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1577:Ona language
1574:
1557:tidal energy
1553:
1524:bahía Pecket
1517:
1509:Fagnano Lake
1501:Scotia Plate
1477:Seno Skyring
1434:
1387:
1375:Punta Arenas
1343:Cape Froward
1336:
1304:
1302:
1292:
1285:
1275:
1256:
1222:
1210:
1199:
1195:Panama Canal
1179:Punta Arenas
1161:
1128:
1104:
1097:
1082:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1042:Explorations
1037:19th century
1008:
996:
983:hydrographer
980:
940:
912:
886:
875:
856:
849:
834:
807:
792:
785:
766:
731:
716:
694:
686:conquistador
680:
665:
635:
631:
627:
619:
613:
604:
596:
592:
588:
580:
568:
559:
546:
538:
532:
522:
507:
499:Punta Arenas
489:
469:Fagnano Lake
455:
420:
409:
370:
365:
361:
343:
338:Macrauchenia
336:
332:Arctotherium
330:
323:
317:
310:
304:
302:
288:Panama Canal
257:
244:
242:
201:
189:
187:
29:
5021:Google Maps
4709:October 16,
4430:Morris 1989
4378:October 18,
4242:October 18,
4163:October 18,
3959:December 3,
3914:(6): 1076.
3881:January 25,
3851:October 18,
3803:Slocum 2009
3791:Slocum 1900
3657:: 519–531.
3348:January 27,
3198:January 27,
3148:October 25,
2834:: 138–147.
2766:October 18,
2725:October 20,
2680:October 18,
2613:Imago Mundi
2559:: 185–208.
2446:October 23,
2355:October 23,
2278:October 19,
2249:October 23,
1742:Environment
1571:Place names
1273:oyster boat
1267:gaff-rigged
1206:sovereignty
989: [
819:gold mining
605:San Antonio
581:San Antonio
569:La Santiago
560:La Victoria
534:La Trinidad
437:missionary
163:Max. length
123: /
98:Coordinates
5040:Categories
4969:from 1800
4909:New York:
4521:. p.
4290:Quoted at
4153:"Williwaw"
3744:October 8,
3631:Mayne 1871
3581:1885--1912
3498:August 15,
3439:Magallania
3223:Magallania
3173:Magallania
3088:Magallania
2877:Magallania
2519:"Selk'nam"
2217:References
2123:See also:
2034:Cape Route
1897:See also:
1879:Río Grande
1746:See also:
1715:San Isidro
1711:breakwater
1685:breakwater
1473:Seno Otway
1420:, part of
1341:, west of
1234:Antarctica
1229:steamships
1168:libertador
1144:See also:
1101:commanded
1015:James Cook
1011:John Byron
738:Valparaiso
593:Concepcion
171:Min. width
5009:April 20,
4863:cite book
4633:cite book
4611:(2004) .
4412:April 16,
4068:129886766
3949:WordPress
3907:Tectonics
3714:March 11,
3358:cite book
2934:: 31–40.
2634:129171245
2620:: 25–37.
2584:Catalonia
2489:(2011) .
2327:0906-7590
2299:Ecography
2111:Footnotes
1977:U.S. Navy
1836:in winter
1776:; B.N.P:
1631:Patagones
1591:Carukinka
1565:katabatic
1561:Williwaws
1298:Lynne Cox
1257:in 1900,
1122:quadruped
1118:Admiralty
1078:Australia
1054:Adventure
931:Bartolomé
923:Cape Horn
788:Araucanía
781:Woods Bay
668:Charles V
525:Charles V
397:Patagonia
393:Tehuelche
377:Tehuelche
366:Hippidion
329:the bear
306:Hippidion
272:Cape Horn
249:Charles V
206:navigable
120:54°S 71°W
5003:archived
4991:(2012),
4721:(1871).
4460:June 29,
4451:Archived
4372:Archived
4342:Archived
4321:Archived
4297:Archived
4236:Archived
4198:Archived
4157:Archived
4128:Archived
4107:July 23,
3978:Archived
3953:Archived
3875:Archived
3845:Archived
3738:Archived
3708:Archived
3616:Archived
3606:Archived
3508:Archived
3492:archived
3458:Archived
3432:(2016).
3339:Archived
3302:Archived
3300:: 7–20.
3242:Archived
3216:(2017).
3192:Archived
3166:(2013).
3142:Archived
3079:Archived
3051:Archived
3042:Chungara
3031:(2016).
2984:March 7,
2945:March 7,
2936:Archived
2896:Archived
2836:Archived
2760:Archived
2719:Archived
2674:Archived
2527:Archived
2440:Archived
2417:29632188
2349:Archived
2272:Archived
2243:Archived
2175:of 1494.
1991:See also
1979:carrier
1928:Barcaza
1886:Piloting
1871:Timaukel
1863:Porvenir
1832:Port of
1582:Timaukel
1499:and the
1317:Features
1238:icebergs
1187:Porvenir
1001:(1699).
953:of Peru
642:and the
597:Santiago
589:Victoria
490:Victoria
479:Magellan
458:Selk'nam
443:Selk'nam
435:Salesian
389:Kawésqar
381:Selk'nam
373:Kawésqar
319:Smilodon
280:icebergs
226:Atlantic
125:-54; -71
86:Location
4048:Bibcode
3916:Bibcode
3671:2510673
3483:(ed.),
2436:ipsnews
2408:5924884
2385:Bibcode
2307:Bibcode
1930:Melinka
1912:Gallery
1875:Ushuaia
1824:Traffic
1681:Cavenga
1624:in the
1622:Onaisín
1540:Spanish
1532:Spanish
1520:Spanish
1242:sea ice
1211:In the
1200:In the
995:in his
971:wrecked
859:founded
725:, in a
662:in 1534
601:wrecked
587:of the
362:Mylodon
358:guanaco
312:Mylodon
294:History
260:narrows
234:Spanish
230:Pacific
204:, is a
194:Spanish
92:, Chile
5032:(1916)
4925:
4895:
4838:
4799:
4767:
4744:
4700:
4663:
4621:
4596:
4571:
4552:
4529:
4495:
4066:
3669:
3559:
3532:
3505:p. 563
2632:
2590:
2501:
2469:
2415:
2405:
2325:
2155:, and
2139:, and
1877:, and
1766:, and
1587:hamlet
1379:mutton
1365:, but
1355:Alaska
1156:; and
1129:Beagle
1105:Nassau
1061:Beagle
963:Chiloé
684:, the
583:, and
567:; and
473:Taiyín
387:. The
379:, the
375:, the
354:vicuña
350:lamine
222:strait
142:Strait
4694:(PDF)
4454:(PDF)
4447:(PDF)
4101:(PDF)
4086:(PDF)
4064:S2CID
3667:JSTOR
3653:(4).
3342:(PDF)
3331:(PDF)
3305:(PDF)
3288:(PDF)
3054:(PDF)
3037:(PDF)
2978:(PDF)
2965:(PDF)
2939:(PDF)
2922:(PDF)
2830:(1).
2630:S2CID
2190:Spray
2137:Madoc
1962:MODIS
1934:ferry
1599:Arska
1595:Anika
1277:Spray
1270:sloop
993:]
959:Chile
852:cedar
595:(the
503:Chile
447:Haush
416:Andes
210:Chile
149:Basin
5019:via
5011:2013
4981:via
4923:ISBN
4893:ISBN
4869:link
4836:ISBN
4797:ISBN
4765:ISBN
4742:ISBN
4711:2019
4698:ISBN
4661:ISBN
4645:help
4619:ISBN
4594:ISBN
4569:ISBN
4550:ISBN
4527:ISBN
4493:ISBN
4462:2017
4414:2013
4380:2019
4350:2013
4305:2013
4244:2019
4206:2013
4165:2019
4136:2013
4109:2013
3961:2015
3883:2008
3867:USGS
3853:2019
3746:2022
3716:2020
3557:ISBN
3530:ISBN
3503:. –
3500:2016
3466:2019
3364:link
3350:2020
3313:2019
3250:2019
3200:2016
3150:2019
3062:2019
2986:2021
2947:2021
2904:2021
2844:2015
2768:2019
2727:2019
2682:2019
2588:ISBN
2535:2020
2499:ISBN
2467:ISBN
2448:2019
2413:PMID
2357:2019
2323:ISSN
2280:2019
2251:2019
2205:The
2194:yawl
1695:The
1679:and
1673:The
1663:and
1647:The
1475:and
1404:and
1240:and
1127:HMS
1103:HMS
1076:and
1059:HMS
1052:HMS
1021:and
1013:and
965:and
933:and
917:and
467:and
461:myth
383:and
356:and
348:and
276:gale
228:and
188:The
137:Type
111:71°W
108:54°S
4523:194
4188:doi
4056:doi
4010:doi
3924:doi
3698:doi
3659:doi
3448:doi
3232:doi
3182:doi
2886:doi
2622:doi
2561:doi
2403:PMC
2393:doi
2381:115
2315:doi
2184:In
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