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622:(NNBL) from the convention floor, where she declared: "I am a woman who came from the cotton fields of the South. From there, I was promoted to the washtub. From there, I was promoted to the cook kitchen. And from there, I promoted myself into the business of manufacturing hair goods and preparations. I have built my own factory on my own ground." The following year she addressed convention-goers from the podium as a keynote speaker.
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366:. "I had little or no opportunity when I started out in life, having been left an orphan and being without mother or father since I was seven years of age," she often recounted. She also stated that she had only three months of formal education, which she undertook during Sunday school literacy lessons at the church she attended during her earlier years.
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519:, where she established the headquarters for the Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Company. She initially purchased a house and factory at 640 North West Street. Walker later built a factory, hair salon, and beauty school to train her sales agents, and added a laboratory to help with research. She also assembled a staff that included
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793:, "she said herself two years ago that she was not yet a millionaire, but hoped to be some time, not that she wanted the money for herself, but for the good she could do with it." The obituary also noted that same year, her $ 250,000 mansion was completed at the banks of the Hudson at Irvington. Her daughter,
497:, where they opened a beauty parlor and established Lelia College to train "hair culturists". As an advocate of black women's economic independence, she opened training programs in the "Walker System" for her national network of licensed sales agents who earned healthy commissions (Michaels, PhD. 2015).
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during the summer of 1917 with 200 attendees. The conference is believed to have been among the first national gatherings of women entrepreneurs to discuss business and commerce. During the convention Walker gave prizes to women who had sold the most products and brought in the most new sales agents.
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Indianapolis's Walker
Manufacturing Company headquarters building, renamed the Madame Walker Theatre Center, opened in December 1927. It included the company's offices and factory as well as a theater, beauty school, hair salon and barbershop, restaurant, drugstore, and a ballroom for the community.
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On
January 31, 2022, Sundial Brands, a division of Unilever, launched a collection of eleven new products under the brand name MADAM by Madam C. J. Walker and sold exclusively at Walmart. These products replace the line that was launched on March 4, 2016, by Sundial Brands, a skincare and haircare
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stated to help hair grow, strenuous brushing, and applying iron combs to hair; the method claimed to make lackluster and brittle hair become soft and luxuriant. Walker's product line had several competitors. Similar products were produced in Europe and manufactured by other companies in the United
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In 1882, at the age of 14, Sarah married Moses McWilliams, whose age was unknown, to escape abuse from her brother-in-law, Jesse Powell. Sarah and Moses had one daughter, Lelia, who was born on June 6, 1885. When Moses died in 1887, Sarah was twenty and Lelia was two. Sarah remarried in 1894, but
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offering Walker's hair pomade and other products packaged in tin containers carrying her image, but the more common scenario is that the Walker beauty culturists demonstrated their products in their homes and beauty salons because they needed a source of water to be able to show how the products
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Between 1911 and 1919, during the height of her career, Walker and her company employed several thousand women as sales agents for its products. By 1917, the company claimed to have trained nearly 20,000 women. While some sources have written that the women dressed in a characteristic uniform of
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Following her marriage to
Charles Walker in 1906, Sarah became known as Madam C. J. Walker. She marketed herself as an independent hairdresser and retailer of cosmetic creams. ("Madam" was adopted from women pioneers of the French beauty industry.) Her husband, who was also her business partner,
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Spirit Awards have sponsored the Madame Walker
Theatre Center in Indianapolis. Established as a tribute to Walker, the annual award has honored national leaders in entrepreneurship, philanthropy, civic engagement, and the arts since 2006. Awards presented to individuals include the Madame C. J.
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and other scalp ailments, including baldness, due to skin disorders and the application of harsh products to cleanse hair and wash clothes. Other contributing factors to her hair loss included poor diet, illnesses, and infrequent bathing and hair washing during a time when most
Americans lacked
327:, served as a social gathering place for the African-American community. At the time of her death, she was considered the wealthiest African-American businesswoman and wealthiest self-made black woman in America. Her name was a version of "Mrs. Charles Joseph Walker", after her third husband.
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worked. Walker understood the power of advertising and brand awareness. Heavy advertising, primarily in
African-American newspapers and magazines, in addition to Walker's frequent travels to promote her products, helped make Walker and her products well known in the United States.
925:, the first film treatment of Walker's life. As the grandson of Freeman B. Ransom, Madam Walker's attorney and Walker Company general manager, Nelson had access to original Walker business records and former Walker Company employees whom he interviewed during the 1980s.
568:, Walker began organizing her sales agents into state and local clubs. The result was the establishment of the National Beauty Culturists and Benevolent Association of Madam C. J. Walker Agents (predecessor to the Madam C. J. Walker Beauty Culturists Union of America).
339:. Her parents were Owen and Minerva (Anderson) Breedlove. She had five siblings, who included an older sister, Louvenia, and four brothers: Alexander, James, Solomon, and Owen Jr. Her older siblings and parents were enslaved by Robert W. Burney on his Madison Parish
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fund. At the time, it was the largest gift from an individual that the NAACP had ever received. Walker bequeathed nearly $ 100,000 to orphanages, institutions, and individuals; her will directed two-thirds of future net profits of her estate to charity.
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white shirts and black skirts and carried black satchels, there is nothing in the Walker Beauty School manual that verifies that. Others have written the agents focused on door-to-door sales as they visited houses around the United States and in the
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While working for Malone, who would later become Walker's largest rival in the hair-care industry, Sarah began to take her new knowledge and develop her own product line. In July 1905, when she was 37 years old, Sarah and her daughter moved to
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as Addie Monroe, another black female self-made millionaire as a villain and the daughter of Walker as a lesbian were some of the complaints by audiences. Biographer A'Lelia
Bundles wrote about the behind-the-scenes experience of producing
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Walker became more involved in political matters after her move to New York. She delivered lectures on political, economic, and social issues at conventions sponsored by powerful black institutions. Her friends and associates included
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In 1906, Walker put her daughter in charge of the mail-order operation in Denver while she and her husband traveled throughout the southern and eastern United States to expand the business. In 1908, Walker and her husband relocated to
728:. The public demonstration drew more than 8,000 African Americans to protest a riot in East Saint Louis that killed 39 African-Americans. Also, from 1917 until her death she was a member of the Committee of Management of the
684:, which cost $ 250,000 to build, to become a gathering place for community leaders and to inspire other African Americans to pursue their dreams. She moved into the house in May 1918 and hosted an opening event to honor
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In addition to training in sales and grooming, Walker showed other black women how to budget, build their own businesses, and encouraged them to become financially independent. In 1917, inspired by the model of the
477:, where she continued to sell products for Malone and develop her own hair-care business. A controversy developed between Annie Malone and Sarah because Malone accused Sarah of stealing her formula, a mixture of
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At the time of her death, Walker was considered to be worth between a half million and a million dollars. She was the wealthiest
African-American woman in America. According to Walker's obituary in
465:, an African-American hair-care entrepreneur, millionaire, and owner of the Poro Company. Sales at the exposition were a disappointment since the African-American community was largely ignored.
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in honor of Walker's legacy. The line, titled "Madam C. J. Walker Beauty
Culture", comprised four collections and focused on the use of natural ingredients to care for different types of hair.
282:; December 23, 1867 – May 25, 1919) was an American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and political and social activist. She is recorded as the first female self-made millionaire in America in the
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387:. Through this marriage, she became known as Madam C. J. Walker. The couple divorced in 1912; Charles died in 1926. Lelia McWilliams adopted her stepfather's surname and became known as
2089:"Sundial Brands Enters Prestige Hair Category with Historic Launch of Madam C. J. Walker Beauty Culture Exclusively at Sephora." PR Newswire, February 23, 2016. ProQuest, March 6, 2016.
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in
Indianapolis. Villa Lewaro was sold following A'Lelia Walker's death to a fraternal organization called the Companions of the Forest in America in 1932. The house was listed on the
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427:, earning barely more than a dollar a day. She was determined to make enough money to provide her daughter with formal education. During the 1880s, she lived in a community where
896:. Reviews for the series were mixed, partly because of the inaccuracies of the storyline that created more of a fictional work than an authentic biography. The portrayal of
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States, which included her major rivals, Annie Turnbo Malone's Poro System from which she derived her original formula and later, Sarah Spencer Washington's Apex System.
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and advocated for the establishment of a training camp for black army officers. In 1917, she joined the executive committee of New York chapter of the
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in Indianapolis's black community, pledging $ 1,000 to the building fund for Senate Avenue YMCA. Walker also contributed scholarship funds to the
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Walker's method of grooming was designed to promote hair growth and to condition the scalp through the use of her products. The system included a
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provided advice on advertising and promotion; Sarah sold her products door to door, teaching other black women how to groom and style their hair.
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Walker's name became even more widely known by the 1920s, after her death, as her company's business market expanded beyond the United States to
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As Walker's wealth and notoriety increased, she became more vocal about her views. In 1912, Walker addressed an annual gathering of the
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After Walker closed the business in Denver in 1907, A'Lelia joined her in Pittsburgh. In 1910, when Walker established a new base in
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941:, Oakland / Bay Area chapter. An annual luncheon honors Walker and awards outstanding women in the community with scholarships.
504:, A'Lelia ran the day-to-day operations in Pittsburgh. A'Lelia also persuaded her mother to establish an office and beauty salon in
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Profits from her business significantly impacted Walker's contributions to her political and philanthropic interests. In 1918, the
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1040:"Madam Walker, the First Black American Woman to Be a Self-Made Millionaire | The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross | PBS"
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403:. Her Christian faith had a large influence on her philanthropy. She was a member of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.
311:. She became known also for her philanthropy and activism. She made financial donations to numerous organizations such as the
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2080:"MADAM by Madam C. J. Walker Launches New Beauty Brand Inspired by Iconic Trailblazer." Cision PR Newswire, January 31, 2022.
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362:, at the age of 10, where she lived with Louvenia and her brother-in-law, Jesse Powell. She started working as a child as a
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house. Before her death in 1919, Walker pledged $ 5,000 (the equivalent of about $ 88,000 in 2023) to the NAACP's anti-
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Initially, Sarah learned about hair care from her brothers, who were barbers in St. Louis. Around the time of the
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843:. Established in 2004, the museum is located at the site of a former Madam C. J. Walker Beauty Shoppe.
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In January 1906, Sarah married Charles Joseph Walker, a newspaper advertising salesman she had known in
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Triumph of the City: How Our Best Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier
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637:; Mary McLeod Bethune's Daytona Education and Industrial School for Negro Girls (which later became
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The Black Rose: The Dramatic Story of Madam C. J. Walker, America's First Black Female Millionaire
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and started to yearn for an educated life as she watched the community of women at her church.
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2120:"The Problem With "The Facts About Madam C.J. Walker And Annie Malone" And The Netflix Series"
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She also rewarded those who made the largest contributions to charities in their communities.
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732:, influencing development of training in beauty skills to young women by the organization.
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They Made America: From the Steam Engine to the Search Engine: Two Centuries of Innovators
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Koehn, Nancy F.; Anne E. Dwojeski; William Grundy; Erica Helms; Katherine Miller (2007).
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issued a Madam Walker commemorative stamp as part of its Black Heritage Series. In 2022,
461:(World's Fair at St. Louis in 1904), she became a commission agent selling products for
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2214:. National Coalition of 100 Black Women, Inc., Oakland/Bay Area Chapter. Archived from
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1257:. National Coalition of 100 Black Women, Inc., Oakland/Bay Area Chapter. Archived from
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739:(NACWC) honored Walker for making the largest individual contribution to help preserve
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The Madam C. J. Walker Business and Community Recognition Awards are sponsored by the
854:, recounting the history of Walker's struggles and success. The play premiered at the
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2305:"Madam C.J. Walker, the first U.S. self-made female millionaire, gets her own Barbie"
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2020:
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1769:"Madame C. J. Walker (Sarah Breedlove McWilliams Walker): Inventor, Businesswoman"
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2354:
Madam C. J. Walker's Gospel of Giving: Black Women's Philanthropy During Jim Crow
2146:"Netflix's Self Made Makes a Mess Out of Madam C.J. Walker's Extraordinary Life"
1891:"Woodlawn Cemetery–Madam Walker's Burial Place–Named National Historic Landmark"
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in Indianapolis. Her legacy also continues through two properties listed on the
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1692:. Vol. 9-807-145. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing. p. 12.
672:, the first licensed black architect in New York City and a founding member of
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Weisenfeld, Judith (1994). "The Harlem YWCA and the Secular City, 1904-1945".
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2452:. Black Americans of Achievement (Legacy ed.). New York: Chelsea House.
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Gates, Henry Louis; Root, Jr | Originally posted on The (November 15, 2013).
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The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
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Madam C. J. Walker's Wonderful Hair Grower in the permanent collection of
1941:"Sign the Pledge to Protect Villa Lewaro – And Learn How You Can Tour It"
886:, the biography of Walker written by Walker's great-great-granddaughter,
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343:, while Sarah was the first child in her family born into freedom after
2101:"Manse built by America's first self-made millionairess seeks new life"
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African American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and activist (1867–1919)
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Walker Heritage Award as well as young entrepreneur and legacy prizes.
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neighborhood in 1913; it became a center of African-American culture.
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2047:"Regina Taylor Brings the Story of Madam C. J. Walker to the Stage",
1575:"The Sharcropper's Daughter Who Made Black Women Proud of Their Hair"
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292:) might have been the first, their wealth is not as well-documented.
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About 1913, Walker's daughter, A'Lelia, moved to a new townhouse in
2550:
Stanley Nelson Interviews Madam C. J. Walker's Great Grand Daughter
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Various scholarships and awards have been named in Walker's honor:
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has designated the privately owned property a National Treasure.
1977:"National Register Digital Assets: Madame C. J. Walker Building"
688:, at that time the Assistant Secretary for Negro Affairs of the
633:. Other beneficiaries included Indianapolis's Flanner House and
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1996:"Madam C.J. Walker Museum honors legacy of local entrepreneurs"
1312:. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. p. 360.
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C. J. Walker Manufacturing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1911
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Walker made her fortune by developing and marketing a line of
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1552:"Madam C.J. Walker's Wonderful Hair Grower product container"
1397:"Madam C.J. Walker and the AME Roots of her Gospel of Giving"
1876:
Bundles, "Madam C J (Sarah Breedlove) Walker, 1867–1919" in
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Bundles, "Madam C J (Sarah Breedlove) Walker, 1867–1919" in
1690:
Madam C. J. Walker: Entrepreneur, Leader, and Philanthropist
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Bundles, "Madam C J (Sarah Breedlove) Walker, 1867–1919" in
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Bundles, "Madam C J (Sarah Breedlove) Walker, 1867–1919" in
2335:
On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C. J. Walker
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On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C. J. Walker
423:, where three of her brothers lived. Sarah found work as a
288:. Multiple sources mention that although other women (like
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2476:. Gateway Biography. Brookfield, CT: The Millbrook Press.
718:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
2616:(Part 1 of 5) Villa Lewaro, Irvington-on-Hudson, New York
2378:. Images of America. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing.
1739:: What Happened to Madam C.J. Walker's Hair-Care Empire?"
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Sarah Breedlove was born on December 23, 1867, close to
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African-American history of Westchester County, New York
2172:"Netflix's Self Made Suffers from Self-Inflicted Wounds"
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is devoted to Walker, as well as historic radio station
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Madam Walker and several friends in her automobile, 1911
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doll as part of their Inspiring Women doll collection.
1521:(online ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
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Indiana's 200: The People Who Shaped the Hoosier State
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Madam Walker Theatre Center: An Indianapolis Treasure
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Self Made: Inspired by the Life of Madam C. J. Walker
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She was orphaned at the age of seven. Sarah moved to
2240:. Madame Walker Theatre Center. 2016. Archived from
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Evans, Harold; Buckland, Gail; Lefer, David (2004).
1440:"Madam C. J. Walker: Business Savvy to Philanthropy"
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committed to portray Walker in a TV series based on
653:; and the Haines Normal and Industrial Institute in
1367:"Madam Walker Went from Laundress to Millionairess"
776:at the age of 51. Walker's remains are interred in
443:indoor plumbing, central heating, and electricity.
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380:left her second husband, John Davis, around 1903.
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2053:, July 10, 2006: 62–63. ProQuest, March 6, 2016.
625:She helped raise funds to establish a branch of
2403:African American Women Scientists and Inventors
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1013:"Madam C.J. Walker: A Brief Biographical Essay"
2792:Deaths from kidney failure in New York (state)
2747:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
2574:Madam Walker Research in the National Archives
2557:(Walker's political activism and philanthropy)
2473:Madam C. J. Walker: Building a Business Empire
2212:"17th Annual Madam C. J. Walker 2015 Luncheon"
804:Walker's personal papers are preserved at the
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737:National Association of Colored Women's Clubs
8:
2539:Madam C J Walker – Successful Business Woman
1811:
1809:
1807:
1308:Gugin, Linda C.; James E. St. Clair (2015).
515:In 1910, Walker relocated her businesses to
2437:. Indianapolis, Indiana: Blue River Press.
1943:. National Trust for Historic Preservation.
1573:Oatman-Stanford, Hunter (August 31, 2015).
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1147:
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1044:The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross
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485:that had been in use for a hundred years.
431:music was developed; she sang at St. Paul
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2286:"US Stamp Gallery > Madam C.J. Walker"
1619:"Madam C. J. Walker's Secrets to Success"
1527:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1001700
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635:Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church
2807:African-American history of Indianapolis
2623:. National Women's History Museum. 2015.
1963:National Trust for Historic Preservation
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826:National Trust for Historic Preservation
799:Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Company
571:Its first annual conference convened in
309:Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Company
151:Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Company
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2405:. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. pp.
1019:. Official Website of Madam C.J. Walker
978:
419:In 1888, she and her daughter moved to
351:. Her mother died in 1872, likely from
178: 1882; died 1887)
2562:On Her Own Ground: Madame C. J. Walker
1939:Pumphrey, Jessica (October 24, 2014).
1617:Bundles, A'Lelia (February 24, 2015).
1377:from the original on November 12, 2020
992:. Guinness World Records. May 25, 1919
2787:Philanthropists from New York (state)
2777:People from Madison Parish, Louisiana
2569:. January 27, 2001. (Book discussion)
2043:
2041:
2021:"Madam C.J. Walker Exhibit and Salon"
1587:from the original on October 24, 2015
1365:Riquier, Andrea (February 15, 2015).
939:National Coalition of 100 Black Women
909:Suffers from Self-Inflicted Wounds".
566:National Association of Colored Women
452:The Children's Museum of Indianapolis
7:
2727:African-American history of Colorado
2099:Laneri, Raquel (February 18, 2017).
822:National Register of Historic Places
810:National Register of Historic Places
797:, later became the president of the
2604:(Indiana Bicentennial Minute, 2016)
1956:"Envisioning Villa Lewaro's Future"
1485:from the original on March 23, 2022
1295:from the original on March 23, 2022
676:fraternity, to design her house in
117:Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
2737:African-American women in business
1438:Bundles, A'Lelia (February 2012).
957:, New York, in 1993. In 1998, the
768:Walker died on May 25, 1919, from
433:African Methodist Episcopal Church
307:through the business she founded,
25:
2722:African-American company founders
2352:Freeman, Tyrone McKinley (2020).
2170:Bundles, A'Lelia (May 12, 2020).
2118:Walker, Robert (March 21, 2020).
1994:Rhone, Nedra (December 9, 2019).
1554:. The Indianapolis Public Library
1509:Ingham, John N. (February 2000).
1455:United States Department of State
1255:"Biography of Madam C. J. Walker"
846:In 2006, playwright and director
2767:Businesspeople from Indianapolis
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2672:
2660:
2648:
2636:
2450:Madam C. J. Walker: Entrepreneur
2356:. University of Illinois Press.
2303:Davis, Wynne (August 27, 2022).
2000:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
1773:University of California, Irvine
1733:Desta, Yohana (March 23, 2020).
1642:. New York, USA: Little, Brown.
680:, New York. Walker intended for
611:Walker's home at 67 Broadway in
225:
200:
2772:People from Irvington, New York
2732:American women company founders
2448:Bundles, A'Lelia Perry (2008).
2399:"Madam C.J. Walker (1867–1919)"
2333:Bundles, A'Lelia Perry (2001).
2266:. National Women's Hall of Fame
2144:Judy, Berman (March 18, 2020).
2064:"The Dreams of Sarah Breedlove"
1473:Klem, Monica (March 22, 2022).
990:"First self-made millionairess"
866:company, in collaboration with
764:The grave of Madam C. J. Walker
221:
196:
175:
1723:Gugin and Saint Clair, p. 361.
1153:"Madam C. J. Walker Biography"
620:National Negro Business League
285:Guinness Book of World Records
1:
2782:Businesspeople from St. Louis
2752:Businesspeople from Louisiana
1893:. Madam C. J. Walker website.
951:National Women's Hall of Fame
949:Walker was inducted into the
720:(NAACP), which organized the
712:, Walker was a leader in the
459:Louisiana Purchase Exposition
49:
917:Madam Walker is featured in
818:Madame Walker Theatre Center
323:, Walker's lavish estate in
1518:American National Biography
965:issued a Madam C.J. Walker
862:played the role of Walker.
714:Circle For Negro War Relief
255:(great–great granddaughter)
2828:
2762:Businesspeople from Denver
2585:The Legacy of Madam Walker
1920:. May 26, 1919. p. 15
1844:Journal of Women's History
1198:Indiana Historical Society
806:Indiana Historical Society
639:Bethune-Cookman University
2430:Bundles, A'Lelia (2018).
2238:"About the Spirit Awards"
2186:"Two Dollars and a Dream"
2025:Madam C. J. Walker Museum
1817:"Wealthiest Negress Dead"
1371:Investor's Business Daily
1253:Bundles, A'Lelia (2014).
1228:Bundles, A'Lelia (2001).
1011:Bundles, A’Lelia (2020).
852:Dreams of Sarah Breedlove
647:Palmer Memorial Institute
603:Activism and philanthropy
349:Emancipation Proclamation
345:President Abraham Lincoln
41:
2757:Deaths from hypertension
2393:Sullivan, Otha Richard;
495:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
2609:Madam C J Walker Estate
2124:HarlemWorldMagazine.com
1540:(subscription required)
1479:Philanthropy Roundtable
1289:Philanthropy Roundtable
923:Two Dollars and a Dream
890:. The series is called
82:Fifth Military District
2372:Bundles, A'Lelia Perry
2290:www.usstampgallery.com
1878:Black Women in America
1856:10.1353/jowh.2010.0312
1799:Black Women in America
1346:Black Women in America
1232:. New York: Scribner.
1103:Black Women in America
765:
690:U.S. Department of War
643:Daytona Beach, Florida
615:
539:
454:
438:Sarah suffered severe
416:
360:Vicksburg, Mississippi
132:hair care entrepreneur
2812:Women in Indianapolis
2432:All About Madam C.J.
1981:National Park Service
1954:Leggs, Brent (2014).
1512:"Walker, Madam C. J."
1348:, v. II, pp. 1210–11.
1283:Klem, Monica (n.d.).
1017:www.madamcjwalker.com
921:'s 1987 documentary,
772:and complications of
763:
722:Silent Protest Parade
610:
537:
525:Robert Lee Brokenburr
449:
414:
2621:"Madam C. J. Walker"
2507:. Ballantine Books.
2264:"Madam C. J. Walker"
2244:on February 20, 2016
1475:"Madam C. J. Walker"
1285:"Madam C. J. Walker"
1194:"Madam C. J. Walker"
1165:. November 12, 2021.
1130:on February 25, 2015
858:in Chicago. Actress
816:, New York, and the
698:Booker T. Washington
657:. Walker was also a
224: 1906;
199: 1894;
2425:Juvenile nonfiction
2218:on January 25, 2016
2192:. February 21, 1988
2190:The Washington Post
1664:"Madam C.J. Walker"
1124:Madame C. J. Walker
1120:"Madam C.J. Walker"
959:U.S. Postal Service
724:on New York City's
702:Mary McLeod Bethune
678:Irvington-on-Hudson
613:Irvington, New York
527:, Alice Kelly, and
463:Annie Turnbo Malone
385:St. Louis, Missouri
375:Marriage and family
325:Irvington, New York
290:Mary Ellen Pleasant
105:Irvington, New York
2707:Madam C. J. Walker
1918:The New York Times
1821:The New York Times
1779:on August 15, 2013
1118:Bundles, A'Lelia.
812:: Villa Lewaro in
790:The New York Times
766:
741:Frederick Douglass
659:patron of the arts
631:Tuskegee Institute
616:
540:
455:
417:
317:patron of the arts
276:Madam C. J. Walker
36:Madam C. J. Walker
18:Madame C.J. Walker
2802:Colorado pioneers
2514:978-0-345-44156-0
2459:978-1-60413-072-0
2385:978-1-4671-1087-7
2363:978-0-252-08535-2
2344:978-0-7434-3172-9
1880:, v. II, p. 1212.
1801:, v. II, p. 1213.
1580:Collectors Weekly
1319:978-0-87195-387-2
1261:on March 28, 2018
1239:978-0-7434-3172-9
1105:, v. II, p. 1209.
1082:978-1-59420-277-3
884:On Her Own Ground
878:In 2020, actress
860:L. Scott Caldwell
784:, New York City.
778:Woodlawn Cemetery
273:
272:
74:December 23, 1867
16:(Redirected from
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2531:Official website
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529:Marjorie Joyner
479:petroleum jelly
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