296:, a specialized surfactant. Shampoos work by applying water and shampoo to the hair. The specific shampoo for oily or dry hair breaks the surface tension of the water, allowing the hair to become soaked. This is known as the wetting action. The wetting action is caused by the head of the shampoo molecule attracting the water to the hair shaft. Conversely, the tail of the shampoo molecule is attracted to the grease, dirt and oil on the hair shaft. The physical action of shampooing makes the grease and dirt become an emulsion that is then rinsed away with the water. This is known as the emulsifying action. Sulfate free shampoos are less harming on color treated hair than normal shampoos that contain sulfates. Sulfates strip away natural oils as well as hair dye. Sulfates are also responsible for the foaming effect of shampoos. Shampoos have a pH of between 4 & 6. Acidic shampoos are the most common type used and maintain or improve the condition of the hair as they do not swell the hairshaft and do not strip the natural oils.
805:
feeds (this includes pumping for breast milk). Upon cessation of either of these, it typically takes around two months for the hormones to shift again to the normal hormonal settings, and hair shedding can increase exponentially, for approximately 3–6 months until hair returns to its normal volume. It is commonly noticed that hair seems thicker and shinier, even, during pregnancy and breast feeding in response to the influx of shifting hormones. It is not unusual also for hair color to change, or hair structure to change (e.g., straighter hair, curlier hair). These changes can occur more often than people may realize yet isn't often reported.
124:
208:
273:
a protective substance, too much of this oily substance can cause blockage around hair follicles. This blockage is usually from dandruff or even dead skin. As a result, "blocked or obstructed hair follicles" may prevent hair from producing. Sebum is also distributed down the hair shaft "mechanically" by brushing and combing. When sebum is present in excess, the roots of the hair can appear oily, greasy, and darker than normal, and the hair may stick together.
647:
industry. There are also sports that may require similar constraints for safety reasons: to keep hair out of the eyes and blocking one's view, and to prevent being caught in sports equipment or trees and shrubs, or matted hair in severe weather conditions or water. Safety is usually the reason behind not allowing hair to fly loose on the backs of motorcycles and open-topped sports cars for longer tresses.
25:
605:
breakage. After the hair processing, the cuticle may not fully close, which results in coarse hair or an accelerated loss of pigment. Generally, the lighter the chosen color from one's initial hair color, the more damaged it may be. Other options for applying color to hair besides chemical dyes include the use of such herbs as
272:
somewhere between 5 and 6.8 on the pH spectrum. This oily substance gives hair moisture and shine as it travels naturally down the hair shaft, and serves as a protective substance by preventing the hair from drying out or absorbing excessive amounts of external substances. Even though sebum serves as
904:
functions to activate certain enzymes that aid in metabolism of carbon dioxide as well as protein, fats, and carbohydrates. A deficiency in biotin intake can cause brittle hair and can lead to hair loss. In order to avoid a deficiency, individuals can find sources of biotin in cereal-grain products,
830:
is important for hair health. The living part of hair is under the scalp skin where the hair root is housed in the hair follicle. The entire follicle and root are fed by a supply of arteries, and blood carries nutrients to the follicle/root. Any time an individual has any kind of health concern from
668:
also imparts a protective coating to hair strands. Daily washing will remove the sebum daily and incite an increase in sebum production, because the skin notices the scalp skin is lacking sufficient moisture. In cases of scalp disorders, however, this may not be the case. For babies and elderly, the
646:
Many industries have requirements for hair being contained to prevent worker injury. This can include people working in construction, utilities, and machine shops of various sorts. Furthermore, many professions require containing the hair for reasons of public health, and a prime example is the food
632:
involve chemical alteration of the internal structure of the hair in order to affect its curliness or straightness. Hair that has been subjected to the use of a permanent is weaker due to the application of chemicals, and should be treated gently and with greater care than hair that isn't chemically
796:
There are various reasons for hair loss, most commonly hormonal issues. Fluctuations in hormones will often show in the hair. Not all hair loss is related to what is known as male pattern baldness, women can suffer from baldness just as men do. Formulas for addressing this specific cause of lack of
792:
Not all flakes are dandruff. For example, some can merely be product buildup on the scalp skin. This could result from the common practice of applying conditioner to scalp skin without washing. This would dry upon the scalp skin and flake off, appearing like dandruff and even causing itchiness, but
850:
When the body is under strain, it reprioritizes its processes. For example, the vital organs will be attended to first, meaning that healthy, oxygenated blood may not feed into the hair follicle, resulting in less healthy hair or a decline in growth rate. While not all hair growth issues stem from
804:
During pregnancy and breast feeding, the normal and natural shedding process is typically suspended (starting around month three because it takes a while for the body to recognize and reset for the hormonal shifts the body goes through) for the period of gestation and extended longer if one breast
256:
is probably the most common hair and scalp ailment worldwide. Head lice can be removed with great attention to detail, and studies show it is not necessarily associated with poor hygiene. More recent studies reveal that head lice actually thrive in clean hair. In this way, hair washing as a term
800:
Particularly among women, thyroid disease is one of the more under-diagnosed health concerns. Hair falling out in clumps is one symptom of a set of symptoms that may indicate a thyroid concern. In many gynecological exams a blood screen for thyroid is now a common protocol. Thyroid often shows up
663:
are similar in subdued sebaceous gland production, due to hormonal levels. The sebaceous gland secretes sebum, a waxy ester, which maintains the acid mantle of the scalp and provides a coating that keeps skin supple and moist. The sebum builds overly, between every 2–3 days for the average adult.
785:
Scalp skin can suffer from infestations of mites, lice, infections of the follicles or fungus. There could be allergic reactions to ingredients in chemical preparations applied to the hair, even ingredients from shampoo or conditioners. Common concerns surrounding dandruff (often associated with
243:
Scalp skin, just like any other skin on the body, must be kept healthy to ensure a healthy body and healthy hair production. If the scalp is cleaned regularly by those who have rough hair or have a hair-fall problem, it can result in loss of hair. However, not all scalp disorders are a result of
913:
and zinc are also found in some nuts and help condition the hair and prevent hair shedding that can be caused by a lack of zinc. Protein deficiencies or low-quality protein can produce weak and brittle hair, and can eventually result in loss of hair color. Dairy products are good sources of
703:
can fail to reach the ends of the hair. The ends are considered old once they reach about 10 centimeters since they have had long exposure to the sun, gone through many shampoos and may have been overheated by hair dryers and hot irons. This all results in dry, brittle ends which are prone to
604:
Most permanent color changes require that the cuticle of the hair be opened so the color change can take place within the cuticle. This process, which uses chemicals to alter the structure of the hair, can damage the cuticle or internal structure of the hair, leaving it dry, weak, or prone to
696:, that weathers the hair may eventually lead to split ends. Typically, the damaged hair fiber splits into two or three strands and the split may be two to three centimeters in length. Split ends are most often observed in long hair but also occur in short hair that is not in good condition.
834:
Generally, eating a full diet that contains protein, fruits, vegetables, fat, and carbohydrates is important (several vitamins and minerals require fat in order to be delivered or absorbed by the body). Any deficiency will typically show first in the hair. A mild case of
720:. Oil is harmful for rough hair and for dry scalp as it decreases nourishment for hair leading to split and hair fall. When hair behaves in an unusual way, or a scalp skin disorder arises, it is often necessary to visit not only a qualified physician, but sometimes a
831:
stress, trauma, medications of various sorts, chronic medical conditions or medical conditions that come and then wane, heavy metals in waters and food, smoking etc. these and more can affect the hair, its growth, and its appearance.
817:
off entirely, while others may have an illness (such as a form of cancer—note that not every form of cancer or cancer treatment necessarily means one will lose their hair) that caused hair loss or led to a decision to shave the head.
257:
may be a bit misleading, as what is necessary in healthy hair production and maintenance is often simply cleaning the surface of the scalp skin, the way the skin all over the body requires cleaning for good hygiene.
582:
Chemical alterations like perming, coloring can be carried out to change the perceived color and texture of hair. All of these are temporary alterations because permanent alterations are not possible at this time.
235:
which covers the cortex and medulla) has no living processes. Damage or changes made to the visible hair shaft cannot be repaired by a biological process, though much can be done to manage hair and ensure that the
892:, found in fish sources, prevent a dry scalp and dull hair color. Dark green vegetables contain high amounts of vitamins A and C, which help with production of sebum and provide a natural hair conditioner.
597:
is the process of adding pigment to or removing pigment from the hair shaft. Hair coloring processes may be referred to as coloring or bleaching, depending on whether pigment is being added or removed.
732:, hair pulling/picking, hair that sticks straight out, black dots on the hair, and rashes or burns resulting from chemical processes. Gel provides a shiny look but dries the hair and makes it rough.
854:
Scalp hair grows, on average, at a rate of about 1.25 centimeters per month, and shampoos or vitamins have not been shown to noticeably change this rate. Hair growth rate also depends upon what
843:(pantothenic acid) gives hair flexibility, strength and shine and helps prevent hair loss and graying. B6 helps prevent dandruff and can be found in cereals, egg yolk and liver. Vitamin B
797:
hair growth yet typically they require around three months of consistent use for results to begin to appear. Cessation may also mean that gained growth may dissipate.
215:
Care of the hair and care of the scalp skin may appear separate, but are actually intertwined because hair grows from beneath the skin. The living parts of hair (
586:
Chemical alteration of hair only affects the hair above the scalp; unless the hair roots are damaged, new hair will grow in with natural color and texture.
268:. Sebum acts to protect hair and skin, and can inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the skin. Sebum contributes to the skin's slightly acidic natural
986:
Cruz, C. F.; Fernandes, M. M.; Gomes, A. C.; Coderch, L.; Martí, M.; Méndez, S.; Gales, L.; Azoia, N. G.; Shimanovich, U.; Cavaco-Paulo, A. (2013).
162:
and other body hair. Hair care routines differ according to an individual's culture and the physical characteristics of one's hair. Hair may be
1114:
1087:
716:
Hair can be damaged by chemical exposure, prolonged or repeated heat exposure (as through the use of heat styling tools), and by perming and
870:
deficiency (i.e., anorexia, anemia, zinc deficiency) and hormonal fluctuations (i.e., menopause, polycystic ovaries, thyroid disease).
839:
can cause shedding and hair loss. Among others, the B group of vitamins are the most important for healthy hair, especially biotin. B
244:
bacterial infections. Some arise inexplicably, and often only the symptoms can be treated for management of the condition (example:
108:
1273:"An overview of chemical straightening of human hair: technical aspects, potential risks to hair fibre and health and legal issues"
789:
An odor that persists for a few weeks despite regular hair washing may be an indication of a health problem on the scalp skin.
123:
46:
918:, a key component for hair growth. A balanced diet is extremely necessary for a healthy scalp and furthermore healthy hair.
194:
are also available, though these are provided (in the US) by licensed professionals in medical offices or speciality spas.
782:
Any of these symptoms may indicate a need for professional assistance from a dermatologist or trichologist for diagnosis.
927:
89:
284:
removes excess sweat and oil, as well as unwanted products from the hair and scalp. Often hair is washed as part of a
61:
42:
35:
1131:
68:
1052:
664:
Those with delicate skin may experience a longer interval. Teenagers often require daily washing of the hair.
692:
This condition involves a longitudinal splitting of the hair fiber. Any chemical or physical trauma, such as
75:
1366:
1155:
Zhang, Yuchen; Alsop, Richard J.; Soomro, Asfia; Yang, Fei-Chi; Rheinstädter, Maikel C. (2015-10-01).
57:
1327:
The World of Hair, A Scientific
Companion by Dr. John Gray, Macmillan Press Limited, 1977, pp. 23–24.
957:
910:
493:
175:
728:. Conditions that require this type of professional help include, but are not limited to, forms of
207:
1310:
1033:
874:
717:
629:
224:
1302:
1294:
1253:
1235:
1196:
1178:
1157:"Effect of shampoo, conditioner and permanent waving on the molecular structure of human hair"
1110:
1083:
1025:
1017:
855:
1214:
Punyani, Supriya; Tosti, Antonella; Hordinsky, Maria; Yeomans, Dawn; Schwartz, James (2021).
1361:
1284:
1243:
1227:
1186:
1168:
1007:
999:
987:
937:
621:
487:
413:
305:
952:
689:, happen when the protective cuticle has been stripped away from the ends of hair fibers.
261:
228:
735:
There are a number of disorders that are particular to the scalp. Symptoms may include:
1248:
1191:
1156:
858:
one is actually in; there are three phases. The speed of hair growth varies based upon
669:
sebaceous gland production is not at peak, thus daily washing is not typically needed.
568:
82:
1355:
932:
721:
594:
408:
216:
163:
769:
Excessive itchiness that doesn't go away with a few hair wash, redness of scalp skin
748:
Caking skin buildup that appears white or another color than one's natural skin tone
1314:
1037:
962:
725:
472:
348:
281:
179:
708:. Infrequent trims and lack of hydrating treatments can intensify this condition.
1215:
1104:
1077:
847:
helps prevent the loss of hair and can be found in fish, eggs, chicken and milk.
947:
882:
517:
Midback-level – hair that's at about the same point as the widest part of one's
428:
343:
191:
155:
143:
24:
601:
Temporary hair tints simply coat the shaft with pigments which later wash off.
190:, and products are available commercially for home use. Laser hair removal and
705:
682:
610:
443:
438:
433:
388:
323:
265:
159:
1298:
1239:
1182:
1021:
827:
549:
423:
400:
353:
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253:
220:
1306:
1257:
1200:
1029:
942:
906:
867:
859:
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553:
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481:
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418:
383:
378:
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363:
328:
249:
245:
1173:
915:
893:
878:
625:
518:
358:
293:
289:
237:
232:
231:) are beneath the skin, while the actual hair shaft which emerges (the
187:
167:
139:
1289:
1272:
1231:
1012:
1003:
967:
905:
liver, egg yolk, soy flour, and yeast. Nuts contain high sources of
901:
863:
836:
453:
373:
285:
183:
171:
1103:
Mamillapalli, Raja Sekhar; Pasumarthi, Visweswara Rao (2021-07-16).
1076:
Mamillapalli, Raja Sekhar; Pasumarthi, Visweswara Rao (2021-07-16).
1216:"The Impact of Shampoo Wash Frequency on Scalp and Hair Conditions"
700:
665:
606:
529:
522:
476:
206:
151:
122:
1271:
Miranda-Vilela, A. L.; Botelho, A. J.; Muehlmann, L. A. (2014).
897:
889:
693:
562:
497:
466:
333:
147:
786:
excessive sebum); psoriasis, eczema, or seborrheic dermatitis.
1337:
Kurtzweil P, Young TA (1991). "Vitamin of the month: Biotin".
896:
provide protein to promote hair growth and also contain iron,
533:
403:
products used in creating and maintaining hairstyles include:
18:
528:
Waist-length – hair that falls at the smallest part of one's
496:– hair that is longer than a crop, but does not yet hit the
264:
in human skin produce sebum, which is composed primarily of
1132:"#SkinSchool: Understanding scalp health (for better hair)"
269:
757:
Clumpy flakes that do not easily slough off the scalp skin
542:
Tailbone-length – hair that is at about the area of one's
826:
Genetics and health are factors in healthy hair. Proper
170:, plucked or otherwise removed with treatments such as
318:
equipment which helps in creating hairstyles include:
851:
malnutrition, it is a valuable symptom in diagnosis.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
909:and therefore are important for a healthy scalp.
699:As hair grows, the natural protective oils of the
127:Hair care in Tianjin, China, in late Qing dynasty
1130:March, Bridget; Schroeder, Roberta (2021-01-06).
178:and threading. Hair care services are offered in
539:Hip-length – hair reaching the top of one's hips
508:Flip-level – hair reaching the neck or shoulders
548:Classic length – hair that reaches where one's
484:– hair that is extremely short and hardly there
1106:Occupational Health and Hygiene in Industries
1079:Occupational Health and Hygiene in Industries
511:Shoulder-length – hair reaching the shoulders
505:Chin-level – hair that grows down to the chin
475:– hair that is completely shaved down to the
8:
558:Thigh-length – hair that is at the mid-thigh
16:Hygiene and cosmetology involving human hair
573:Floor-length – hair that reaches the floor
490:– hair that is a little longer than a buzz
1288:
1277:International Journal of Cosmetic Science
1247:
1190:
1172:
1011:
992:International Journal of Cosmetic Science
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
514:Armpit-length – hair reaching the armpit
1053:"6 Benefits of Shampoo and Conditioner"
978:
866:, age, hormones, and may be reduced by
613:, or choosing ammonia-free solutions.
637:Special considerations for hair types
502:Ear-length – hair reaching one's ears
7:
988:"Keratins and lipids in ethnic hair"
47:adding citations to reliable sources
801:first in the behavior of the hair.
793:have no health effects whatsoever.
469:– having no hair at all on the head
567:Calf-length – hair that is at the
561:Knee-length – hair that is at the
14:
856:phase in the cycle of hair growth
252:that can affect the hair itself.
617:Perms and chemical straightening
203:Biological processes and hygiene
23:
1057:Minnesota School of Cosmetology
34:needs additional citations for
1109:. Pharmamed Press /BSP Books.
1082:. Pharmamed Press /BSP Books.
198:Hair cleaning and conditioning
1:
1051:Rothstein, A. (2020-05-25).
928:Artificial hair integrations
150:which grows from the human
1383:
754:Clumps of hair falling out
303:
712:Breakage and other damage
532:, a little bit above the
154:, and to a lesser extent
1220:Skin Appendage Disorders
822:Hair care and nutrition
138:is an overall term for
630:thermal reconditioning
212:
128:
624:and relaxation using
311:Hairstyling equipment
210:
126:
958:Hair transplantation
911:Alpha-linolenic acid
766:Dry hair & scalp
685:, known formally as
494:Short back and sides
43:improve this article
875:omega-3 fatty acids
772:Patches of thinning
673:Treatment of damage
578:Chemical alteration
211:Human hair close-up
1174:10.7717/peerj.1296
248:). There are also
213:
129:
1290:10.1111/ics.12093
1232:10.1159/000512786
1116:978-93-90211-47-0
1089:978-93-90211-47-0
1004:10.1111/ics.12035
809:General hair loss
775:Pus-like drainage
300:Hairstyling tools
119:
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1042:
1041:
1015:
983:
938:Hair conditioner
815:shave their hair
414:Hair conditioner
306:Hairstyling tool
262:sebaceous glands
240:remains intact.
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1136:Harper's BAZAAR
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953:Hair prosthesis
924:
886:
846:
842:
824:
813:Some choose to
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619:
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229:sebaceous gland
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1226:(3): 183–193.
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1043:
998:(3): 244–249.
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960:
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950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
923:
920:
900:, and biotin.
884:
873:The essential
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687:trichoptilosis
679:
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655:Scalp skin of
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304:Main article:
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146:involving the
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997:
994:(in French).
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933:Hair coloring
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739:Abnormal odor
738:
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723:
722:dermatologist
719:
718:straightening
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651:Delicate skin
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595:Hair coloring
590:Hair coloring
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1339:FDA Consumer
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1283:(1): 2–11.
948:Hair mousse
661:the elderly
429:Hair mousse
344:Hair roller
316:Hairstyling
266:fatty acids
225:root sheath
184:barbershops
166:, trimmed,
144:cosmetology
58:"Hair care"
1356:Categories
1141:2022-05-11
1062:2021-10-22
1013:1822/22666
974:References
763:and clumps
683:Split ends
678:Split ends
444:Hair tonic
439:Hair spray
434:Hair serum
389:Shower cap
324:Hair dryer
99:March 2012
69:newspapers
1299:1468-2494
1240:2296-9195
1183:2167-8359
1167:: e1296.
1022:1468-2494
883:vitamin B
828:nutrition
706:splitting
642:Long hair
633:altered.
552:meet the
424:Hair glue
401:Cosmetics
354:Hairbrush
339:Hair iron
329:Hair clip
254:Head lice
221:hair root
132:Hair care
1345:(8): 34.
1307:24102549
1258:34055906
1201:26557428
1030:23301816
943:Hair gel
922:See also
907:selenium
868:nutrient
860:genetics
778:Shedding
761:Dandruff
742:Bleeding
730:alopecia
554:buttocks
544:tailbone
449:Hair wax
419:Hair gel
384:Scissors
379:Hair tie
369:Kanzashi
364:Headband
250:bacteria
246:dandruff
188:day spas
176:sugaring
136:haircare
1362:Hygiene
1315:5096776
1249:8138261
1192:4636411
1038:5490781
916:calcium
894:Legumes
879:protein
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626:relaxer
519:ribcage
488:Cropped
359:Hairpin
294:shampoo
290:bathing
238:cuticle
233:cuticle
164:colored
140:hygiene
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902:Biotin
888:, and
864:gender
837:anemia
751:Chafes
657:babies
611:indigo
473:Shaved
454:Pomade
374:Ribbon
286:shower
180:salons
172:waxing
168:shaved
156:facial
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1311:S2CID
1161:PeerJ
1034:S2CID
745:Bumps
701:scalp
666:Sebum
622:Perms
607:henna
536:bones
530:waist
523:chest
477:scalp
292:with
160:pubic
152:scalp
90:JSTOR
76:books
1303:PMID
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1254:PMID
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1197:PMID
1179:ISSN
1111:ISBN
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1026:PMID
1018:ISSN
898:zinc
890:iron
694:heat
659:and
609:and
569:calf
563:knee
550:legs
525:area
521:and
498:ears
482:Buzz
467:Bald
334:Comb
260:The
227:and
186:and
148:hair
142:and
62:news
1285:doi
1244:PMC
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