381:
and led to him confronting
Madikum. Madikum denied that he was staring at Visuvanathan, and he also ignored Visuvanathan's boast that he was the leader of a gang operating from Veerasamy Road. After this, Visuvanathan left the bar and went to his aunt's house to grab a knife, and he returned to the bar, where he asked for a treat before he challenged Madikum to a fight. Afterwards, Visuvanathan used the knife to stab Madikum before he fled into a backlane at Upper Weld Road, leaving Madikum to die from his wounds. 27-year-old Loganathan Pakrisamy, one of Madikum's friends present at the bar, testified that he witnessed Visuvanathan stabbing Madikum to death, but he denied the defence's contention that he and Madikum first confronted Visuvanathan or challenged Visuvanthan to fight.
185:. The deceased, identified as 46-year-old Madikum Puspanathan, was a road sweeper who was a familiar figure often seen in the area, sweeping the road for a living. Madikum left behind a wife and two children at the time of his death, and according to first-hand witness accounts, Madikum, who was at the pub having drinks with his friends, was attacked by at least two to three assailants, and was stabbed several times before the attacker(s) escaped. Dr Seah Han Cheow, a forensic pathologist, later conducted an autopsy on the victim. He found there were at least three stab wounds on Madikum's neck and chest, and one of the stab wounds had penetrated Madikum's heart, and it was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause Madikum's death.
389:
determined that
Visuvanathan's defence of alcohol intoxication was ought to be rejected, since Visuvanathan did not suffer from impaired mental responsibility as induced by the effects of alcohol intake, and he was fully conscious of his actions at the time of the stabbing. They also accepted the eyewitness testimonies, and found that Visuvanathan had intentionally stabbed Madikum on the chest, such that the knife had penetrated Madikum's heart and hence the injury caused was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, and there was no possibility of accidental stabbing or the injury being unintended. Therefore, the judges ruled that there were sufficient grounds to return with a verdict of murder in Visuvanathan's case.
385:
the bar, as he wanted to use the knife for self-protection and out of fear that
Madikum and Loganathan was armed. Visuvanathan claimed that he did not intend to cause Madikum's death when he stabbed him, and stated he was drunk at the time of the stabbing and therefore was not fully aware of what he was doing. Visuvanathan also claimed that his statements were made involuntarily and he was forced to confess due to the investigating officer Cheok Koon Seng threatening him, but his statements was ruled admissible by the court and his claims of confessing under duress were dismissed.
465:
the injury caused was not a subjective one, and hence the guiding principles of Yasin's case was rendered universally not applicable for all cases, and the approach in
Visuvanathan's case was considered to be a more stricter one that disregarded the question of whether the fatal injury(s) was accidentally or intentionally inflicted. Some other cases like
417:, who led the prosecution during the appeal hearing. Briefly delivering their oral grounds of decision, the three judges found that there was no merit in Visuvanathan's appeal and they therefore upheld the trial court's decision to convict Visuvanathan of murder, since the evidence had satisfactorily proven Visuvanathan's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
464:
With reference to Yasin's case, the trial judges determined in their verdict that while the case of Yasin was in alignment with
Section 300(c)'s definition, the proposed subjective approach in the case only concerned if the person specifically had the intent to cause an injury, while the fatality of
164:
but he was eventually arrested two months after the stabbing and charged with murder after his extradition to
Singapore. Although the defence sought to prove that Visuvanathan never meant to stab Madikum to death and he was drunk at the time of the crime, Visuvanathan was nonetheless found guilty of
388:
On 26 November 1976, after a trial lasting seven days, Justice A P Rajah and
Justice Choor Singh delivered their judgement, with Justice Singh pronouncing the decision in court. Justice Singh stated that both judges carefully scrunitized the submissions of both the defence and prosecution, and they
384:
In his defence, Visuvanathan denied that he had murdered
Madikum. He claimed that on that night itself, it was Madikum and Loganathan who both challenged Visuvanathan to a fight, and he therefore left the bar out of fear for his life, and he retrieved the knife from his aunt's place and returned to
487:
N. Sivanandan, the Indian court interpreter of
Visuvanathan's trial who retired in the 2010s after five decades on his job, wrote a book about the past high-profile cases where he acted as the interpreter at trial, and the book was published in 2019. Sivanandan stated that the case of Visuvanathan
380:
The trial court was told that on the night of 23 January 1976, Madikum was drinking at the pub with his friends when
Visuvanathan, who was also a patron of the pub and drinking at another table with his friends, allegedly noticed Madikum was staring at him while he was drinking, which incensed him
452:
The case itself touched on the definition of Section 300(c), which highlighted the difficulty and dilemma of convicting a person of murder by having voluntarily inflicted a fatal injury without having the intention to cause death, and it also contributed to shaping the courts' approach to find a
193:
After two months of police investigation, it was eventually pieced together that a lone attacker was responsible for the murder of Madikum Puspanathan back in January 1976, and the suspected killer's identity was also established by the police. On 4 March 1976, it was reported that the suspect,
484:, co-authored by Lee Peng Kok, Molly Cheang and Kuan Tsee Chee, and one of his defences of alcohol intoxication was written in the book as an instance of murder defendants putting up their defence of alcohol intoxication to evade the murder charge during their trials.
453:
person guilty of murder under Section 300(c), which mainly focused on firstly, whether the intention to inflict the injury was present or not, and if the injury caused was sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature. The case itself also scrunitized the
1537:
424:
at dawn. Visuvanathan was the fourth person to be put to death during that year itself. Two weeks before Visuvanathan's execution, three men - Lee Keng Guan, Wong Loke Fatt and Ho Joo Huat - were executed for a firearm robbery committed in
368:
for murdering Madikum Puspanathan, and he was represented by state-assigned defence counsel Bevin Netto and Peter Pang, while the prosecution was led by Deputy Public Prosecutor Sant Singh. The trial was presided by two judges - Justice
488:
reminded him of many instances where a fight or even murder could arise from alcohol, and it was challenging for him and his colleague to interpret the witnesses' answers and cross-examination from both the prosecution and defence.
413:. On 16 January 1978, the appellate court's three judges - Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin, Justice Frederick Arthur Chua (F A Chua) and Justice T Kulasekaram - rejected Visuvanathan's appeal without calling for the reply of
169:, after the trial court found that Visuvanathan had intentionally stabbed the victim and such that the injury inflicted was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. In the aftermath, Visuvanathan's
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1613:
408:
On 1 December 1976, four days after he was sentenced to hang, Visuvanathan filed his notice of appeal to the High Court against his conviction and sentence, and the appeal was subsequently heard by the
477:
notably made reference to Visuvanathan's case, and they either agreed or disagreed with the type of approach laid forward by Visuvanathan's case to convict a person of a Section 300(c) murder charge.
461:'s case, in which Yasin was found not guilty of murdering an elderly woman due to the prosecution failing to prove if he had the intention to cause the fatal rib fractures per Section 300(c).
194:
23-year-old Malaysian citizen Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu, was wanted by the police for murdering Madikum, and the Singaporean police also sought his assistance in investigations of the case.
448:(c): if it is done with the intention of causing bodily injury to any person, and the bodily injury intended to be inflicted is sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death
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In the aftermath of his execution, Visuvanathan's case became a notable legal case study in relation to the charge of murder under Section 300(c) of the
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160:- had a dispute with each other that resulted in Visuvanathan stabbing Madikum to death with a knife. Visuvanathan fled to
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1560:"Murder Misunderstood: Fundamental Errors in Singapore, Malaysia and India's "Locus Classicus" on Section 300(C) Murder"
410:
213:. Visuvanathan was extradited back to Singapore a few days after his arrest, and he was therefore charged with murder.
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On 18 November 1976, eight months after he was arrested, 24-year-old Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu stood trial at the
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458:
467:
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441:, and the exact nature of the murder concerned in Visuvanathan's case came under this particular section.
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On 25 May 1979, after he ate his last breakfast, 27-year-old Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu was hanged in
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59:
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as the sole punishment permitted for murder upon an offender's conviction under Singaporean law.
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In the aftermath of his execution, Visuvanathan's case became a case study inside the 1994 book
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1500:
181:
On the night of 23 January 1976, a man was attacked and stabbed to death outside a pub at
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As a result, 24-year-old Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu was found guilty of murder, and
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1501:"Academic Contributions and Judicial Interpretations of Section 300(C) Murder"
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1530:"(2005) 17 SAcLJ - REVISITING SECTION 300(C) MURDER IN SINGAPORE"
444:
Original text of Section 300(c) (Extracted from the Penal Code):
269:
74:
853:"Polis ingin menemui Visuva utk bantu dalam kes bunuh"
27:
1976 fatal stabbing of a man at Jalan Besar, Singapore
931:"Court told of challenge that led to fatal stabbing"
1596:Lee Peng Kok, Molly Cheang, Kuan Tsee Chee (1994).
344:
336:
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173:was dismissed, and he was hanged on 25 May 1979.
1291:"Appeal of man who killed labourer is rejected"
446:
197:During that same month, on 28 March 1976, the
1654:. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte.
1111:"Murder trial accused: I was drunk and angry"
673:"Ditikam mati selepas keluar dari kedai kopi"
8:
1633:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1201:"因瞪眼而致殺人案昨日審結印籍散工罪名成立遭高庭宣判处死刑官認被告以刀刺死者要害喪生"
1141:"Labourer is sentenced to death for murder"
474:Public Prosecutor v Lim Poh Lye and Another
220:
148:On 23 January 1976, while inside a bar at
29:
340:1st charge: Murder of Madikum Puspanathan
201:arrested Visuvanathan in his hometown of
523:"散工殺人案中死者友人供証被吿向死者挑战要他酒店外决斗阻止已來不及被吿刀刺死者"
514:
1626:
901:"一名印籍散工睚眦必報硬指對方向他瞪眼籍詞惹事鬧成命案昨日在高院被控謀殺罪"
320:Anger over an alleged staring incident
1481:from the original on 16 December 2023
1451:from the original on 16 December 2023
1421:from the original on 16 December 2023
1391:from the original on 16 December 2023
1361:from the original on 16 December 2023
1331:from the original on 16 December 2023
1301:from the original on 16 December 2023
1271:from the original on 16 December 2023
1241:from the original on 16 December 2023
1211:from the original on 16 December 2023
1181:from the original on 16 December 2023
1151:from the original on 16 December 2023
1121:from the original on 16 December 2023
1061:from the original on 16 December 2023
1031:from the original on 16 December 2023
1001:from the original on 16 December 2023
971:from the original on 16 December 2023
941:from the original on 16 December 2023
911:from the original on 16 December 2023
863:from the original on 16 December 2023
833:from the original on 16 December 2023
803:from the original on 16 December 2023
773:from the original on 16 December 2023
743:from the original on 16 December 2023
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683:from the original on 16 December 2023
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623:from the original on 16 December 2023
593:from the original on 16 December 2023
563:from the original on 16 December 2023
533:from the original on 16 December 2023
7:
1724:20th-century executions by Singapore
1704:Malaysian people convicted of murder
1261:"Man appeals against death sentence"
1091:from the original on 30 January 2024
1558:Tan Zhengxian, Jordan (July 2012).
991:"Witness: I saw man stab my friend"
1739:Malaysian people of Indian descent
1564:Singapore Journal of Legal Studies
1351:"Kes bunuh: Mahkamah tolak rayuan"
613:"Pembunuh orang keempat digantung"
25:
793:"惹蘭勿剎酒店內發生命案 来自居銮一印籍散工 被控用刀刺死同籍人"
583:"只因不满被瞪视 刺杀一同籍劳工 罪名成立判死刑 被吿上诉遭驳回"
503:List of major crimes in Singapore
468:Tan Joo Cheng v Public Prosecutor
1668:from the original on 5 June 2023
1237:(in Chinese). 27 November 1976.
1207:(in Chinese). 27 November 1976.
1177:(in Chinese). 27 November 1976.
1087:(in Chinese). 25 November 1976.
1057:(in Chinese). 25 November 1976.
1027:(in Chinese). 24 November 1976.
967:(in Chinese). 24 November 1976.
907:(in Chinese). 19 November 1976.
799:(in Chinese). 19 November 1976.
769:(in Chinese). 19 November 1976.
703:"惹蘭勿刹與惠德路交界發生命案 数兇徒持械行兇 印人遇袭重傷死"
559:(in Chinese). 25 November 1976.
529:(in Chinese). 24 November 1976.
1729:Deaths by stabbing in Singapore
1719:Capital punishment in Singapore
1616:from the original on 2024-01-30
1578:from the original on 2023-12-16
1540:from the original on 2023-12-16
1511:from the original on 2023-12-16
1327:(in Chinese). 17 January 1978.
1321:"因瞪眼而持刀杀人印籍散工死罪难逃提出上诉求免死刑遭三司驳回"
739:(in Chinese). 24 January 1976.
709:(in Chinese). 25 January 1976.
643:"Road sweeper stabbed to death"
589:(in Chinese). 17 January 1978.
498:Capital punishment in Singapore
1602:. Prime Packaging Industries.
235:Visuvanathan s/o Thillai Kannu
92:Fatal knife wound to the heart
1:
1357:(in Malay). 17 January 1978.
883:"Wanted youth held in Kluang"
679:(in Malay). 24 January 1976.
238:
177:Stabbing and death of Madikum
47:
1734:Indian diaspora in Singapore
1714:Violence against men in Asia
1599:Mental Disorders and the Law
1411:"Killer goes to the gallows"
553:"印籍勞工因遭人瞪眼而殺人谋杀表面罪成立被告昨進行答辩"
482:Mental Disorders and the Law
1387:(in Chinese). 26 May 1979.
961:"惹兰勿刹酒店前命案 证人称亲眼看见 被告利器刺死者"
763:"不滿被瞪视藉故寻衅 靑年散工被控告 刺殺一中年勞工"
1755:
1709:Singaporean murder victims
1021:"控方重要目击证人供证 當堂示範被吿 揮刺死者恣態"
859:(in Malay). 4 March 1976.
225:Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu
158:Visuvanathan Thillai Kannu
1699:1976 murders in Singapore
1651:Beyond A Reasonable Doubt
1475:Singapore Statutes Online
1171:"因被瞪视寻衅致命案 謀殺罪名成立 被告遭判死刑"
619:(in Malay). 26 May 1979.
358:
312:
1325:南洋商报 (Nanyang Siang Pau)
1205:南洋商报 (Nanyang Siang Pau)
905:南洋商报 (Nanyang Siang Pau)
557:南洋商报 (Nanyang Siang Pau)
527:南洋商报 (Nanyang Siang Pau)
459:Mohamed Yasin bin Hussin
396:. The death penalty was
1385:星洲日报 (Sin Chew Jit Poh)
1175:星洲日报 (Sin Chew Jit Poh)
1055:星洲日报 (Sin Chew Jit Poh)
1025:星洲日报 (Sin Chew Jit Poh)
767:星洲日报 (Sin Chew Jit Poh)
737:星洲日报 (Sin Chew Jit Poh)
587:星洲日报 (Sin Chew Jit Poh)
205:, which was located in
1648:Sivanandan, N (2019).
1231:"惹兰勿刹命案谋杀罪名成立 印人被告判绞刑"
1051:"谋杀案被告开始答辩 反指死者及其友人挑衅"
823:"POLICE SEEK HIS HELP"
450:
165:murdering Madikum and
1505:Singapore Law Gazette
1441:"Murderer to gallows"
1381:"犯了谋杀罪死囚 卄七岁散工 昨晨被处死"
377:- of the High Court.
217:Trial of Visuvanathan
199:Royal Malaysia Police
1147:. 27 November 1976.
1117:. 23 November 1976.
997:. 24 November 1976.
937:. 19 November 1976.
291:Execution by hanging
1694:Murder in Singapore
1297:. 17 January 1978.
1267:. 2 December 1976.
1081:"年初惹蘭勿剎血案續審 被告否认谋杀"
649:. 24 January 1976.
287:Cause of death
154:Madikum Puspanathan
89:Cause of death
60:Straits Settlements
44:Madikum Puspanathan
34:Madikum Puspanathan
18:Madikum Puspanathan
429:five years prior.
394:sentenced to death
332:Murder (one count)
167:sentenced to death
1415:The Straits Times
1295:The Straits Times
1265:The Straits Times
1145:The Straits Times
1115:The Straits Times
995:The Straits Times
935:The Straits Times
827:The Straits Times
733:"遭四名兇徒圍襲 一印人重創斃命"
647:The Straits Times
362:
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189:Arrest of suspect
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889:. 30 March 1976.
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829:. 4 March 1976.
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107:Other names
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1534:Journals Online
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1447:. 25 May 1979.
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75:23 January 1976
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1672:17 December
1566:: 112–133.
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375:Choor Singh
270:25 May 1979
242: 1952
183:Jalan Besar
150:Jalan Besar
101:Singaporean
97:Nationality
83:, Singapore
81:Jalan Besar
51: 1930
1688:Categories
1620:2023-12-26
1582:2023-12-16
1544:2023-12-16
1515:2023-12-16
1445:New Nation
887:New Nation
509:References
439:Penal Code
366:High Court
297:Occupation
247:Batu Pahat
203:Batu Pahat
115:Occupation
1629:cite book
433:Aftermath
404:Execution
371:A P Rajah
280:Singapore
56:Singapore
1666:Archived
1614:Archived
1576:Archived
1572:24871207
1538:Archived
1536:. 2005.
1509:Archived
1507:. 2004.
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492:See also
398:mandated
308:Executed
300:Labourer
259:Malaysia
162:Malaysia
139:Children
353:hanging
345:Penalty
118:Sweeper
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317:Motive
251:Kluang
207:Kluang
171:appeal
131:Spouse
1568:JSTOR
349:Death
255:Johor
211:Johor
1674:2023
1656:ISBN
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