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tillers, is seen as outdated and unjust. The farmers called for revisions to ensure landlords must substantiate ownership claims, rather than relying on the 1/14 form, which they argue is inadequate. Support came from Madkai
Sarpanch Shailendar Panajikar and advocate Sadananad Vaigankar, who highlighted historical challenges and the need for fairer land ownership regulations.
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Madkai, known today as
Marcaim, was a key location in this conflict due to its strategic positioning and the presence of a fortress on Madkai Hill, built and controlled by the influential Nayak family. Nagan Nayak, a prominent figure in the region, was the Desai of the Antruz Mahal, a title denoting
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Madkai’s strategic importance lay in its fortress, which provided a crucial vantage point for controlling the surrounding region and key trade routes connecting the coast to inland areas. The battle and its outcome significantly influenced the power dynamics in the region, solidifying
Vijayanagar's
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Temple which is renowned for its unique idol of the goddess, which features a tilted head. The temple is also known for hosting an annual festival called "Zatra of
Goddess Navdurga" or just "Zatra" which takes place around November each year, specifically on Kartik Shukla Paksha Ashtami. The temple
553:
In
January 2024, At the Madkai-Ponda Farmers Convention, farmers demanded amendments to the Kul Mundkar Act to address longstanding land ownership issues. They criticized the Act for favoring landlords and causing difficulties in proving land rights. The Act, initially designed to protect land
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significant local authority. The Nayak family's support for the
Vijayanagar Empire in this battle appears likely, given the rewards they received afterward. Nagan Nayak was granted the prestigious title of Sardesai of South Goa, which included control over key territories such as Supe,
532:
The
Mahajans assert that the temple belongs to them, stating it was built when they migrated to Marcaim. In contrast, the villagers argue that the Mahajans gained their status by exploiting their privileged caste position to register under the controversial 19th century
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or GSB Mahajans. This decision was strongly opposed by the local villagers, who formed the Shri Devi
Navadurga Prathishtan Trust, arguing that the idol and the temple belong to the public rather than being a private property of the Mahajans.
529:(non-Brahmin) villagers. The villagers asserted that the temple has always been a public entity and that they had the right to preserve the existing idol and participate in temple rituals, which the Mahajans had traditionally controlled..
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sets the population at 6,215 people of which 3,072 were females and 3,143 were males with a total sex ratio of 977 females to 1000 males. Population of children with the ages of 0-6 was 523 which came to 8.42% of the total population.
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chieftains under the leadership of the
Kadambas, known as the "konkaniga" in Vijayanagar sources. The battle was part of the Vijayanagar Empire's efforts to expand its control over the strategically important Konkan region.
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The conflict has led to legal battles, with the issue being taken to court multiple times. As of 2023, the case has yet to be fully resolved, but it continues to be a significant point of contention in the community.
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In 2016, the temple's managing body, the
Navadurga Sansthan Committee decided to replace the temple's idol, claiming that it had developed cracks. The Committee is composed mainly of
776:
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This soon escalated into a broader debate over the ownership and control of the temple, reflecting underlying social tensions between the Brahmin Mahajans and the
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Of the total population, about 4% and 2.6% identified as agricultural laborers and cultivators respectively, while 41.7% identified as main or marginal workers.
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is also known for the controversy, which began in 2016, over a decision to replace the temple idol. This decision led to a legal and social dispute between the
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Marcaim is home to the Madkai industrial estate and its most important commodity manufactured is Steel, Pharmaceutical Products and House Utensils.
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541:, a law which regulated temple administration and property rights. The villagers state that the temple rightfully belongs to the entire village.
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The Battle of Madkai, which likely occurred around 1380, was a significant but overlooked conflict in the history of Goa and the
447:, Marcaim received upto 3630.42mm of rainfall. The average temperatures hitting a maximum of 31.53 C and a minimum of 23.51 C.
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Schedule Tribe (ST) constituted to about 36.23% and Schedule Caste (SC) constituted about 0.37% of the population.
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The town has a Hindu majority of 96.46%, the minorities, of which 2.91% are Christian and 0.45% are Muslim.
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746:"Land ownership row: Madkai farmers unite in demand for amendments to Tenancy and Mundkar Act"
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625:"Seven-year-long Madkai Navdurga Temple dispute inches closer to resolution"
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322:. It was historically known as Madiyagombu as recent as the 14th century.
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region. This battle involved the forces of Mahapradhan Mallapodeyar, the
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Marcaim has the following number of educational institutions:
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695:"Villages & Towns in Ponda Taluka of North Goa, Goa"
663:"From Sateri to Navdurga and worshippers to sevekaris"
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591:"Story of Naik Pratap Rau Sardesai family"
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744:Team, Herald (15 January 2024).
329:Navdurga temple entrance (1950s)
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513:Madkai Navdurga Temple conflict
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782:Villages in North Goa district
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137:15.4230481°N 73.9511311°E
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423:Government and politics
728:"2011 Census of India"
519:Goud Saraswat Brahmins
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142:15.4230481; 73.9511311
72:Location in Goa, India
333:It is famous for the
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223: • Official
21:Village in Goa, India
699:www.census2011.co.in
571:Marcaim on wikimapia
382:The Battle of Madkai
263:Vehicle registration
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427:Marcaim is part of
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312:North Goa district
200: • Total
16:Town in Goa, India
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755:1 September
704:1 September
600:1 September
549:In the news
445:2011 census
394:Viceroy of
392:Vijayanagar
359:2011 census
304:census town
140: /
771:Categories
750:Herald Goa
558:References
535:Portuguese
353:Population
345:and local
195:Population
128:73°57′04″E
125:15°25′23″N
674:25 August
637:25 August
400:kshatriya
234:Time zone
218:Languages
189:North Goa
668:oHeraldo
630:oHeraldo
489:College
474:Primary
413:Chandgad
409:Khanapur
369:Religion
343:Mahajans
335:Navdurga
310:taluka,
239:UTC+5:30
184:District
527:Bahujan
477:Middle
451:Economy
439:Climate
377:History
347:Bahujan
340:Brahmin
296:Marcaim
272:Website
227:Konkani
209:Demonym
153:Country
99:Marcaim
66:Marcaim
40:Village
28:Marcaim
411:, and
396:Kanara
388:Konkan
300:Madkai
256:403404
213:Indian
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32:Madkai
731:(PDF)
537:-era
320:India
308:Ponda
302:is a
203:6,215
172:State
165:India
757:2024
706:2024
676:2024
639:2024
602:2024
431:and
357:The
279:.gov
494:13
316:Goa
306:in
298:or
281:.in
277:goa
251:PIN
243:IST
177:Goa
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
