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tillers, is seen as outdated and unjust. The farmers called for revisions to ensure landlords must substantiate ownership claims, rather than relying on the 1/14 form, which they argue is inadequate. Support came from Madkai
Sarpanch Shailendar Panajikar and advocate Sadananad Vaigankar, who highlighted historical challenges and the need for fairer land ownership regulations.
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Madkai, known today as
Marcaim, was a key location in this conflict due to its strategic positioning and the presence of a fortress on Madkai Hill, built and controlled by the influential Nayak family. Nagan Nayak, a prominent figure in the region, was the Desai of the Antruz Mahal, a title denoting
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Madkai’s strategic importance lay in its fortress, which provided a crucial vantage point for controlling the surrounding region and key trade routes connecting the coast to inland areas. The battle and its outcome significantly influenced the power dynamics in the region, solidifying
Vijayanagar's
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Temple which is renowned for its unique idol of the goddess, which features a tilted head. The temple is also known for hosting an annual festival called "Zatra of
Goddess Navdurga" or just "Zatra" which takes place around November each year, specifically on Kartik Shukla Paksha Ashtami. The temple
564:
In
January 2024, At the Madkai-Ponda Farmers Convention, farmers demanded amendments to the Kul Mundkar Act to address longstanding land ownership issues. They criticized the Act for favoring landlords and causing difficulties in proving land rights. The Act, initially designed to protect land
418:
significant local authority. The Nayak family's support for the
Vijayanagar Empire in this battle appears likely, given the rewards they received afterward. Nagan Nayak was granted the prestigious title of Sardesai of South Goa, which included control over key territories such as Supe,
543:
The
Mahajans assert that the temple belongs to them, stating it was built when they migrated to Marcaim. In contrast, the villagers argue that the Mahajans gained their status by exploiting their privileged caste position to register under the controversial 19th century
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or GSB Mahajans. This decision was strongly opposed by the local villagers, who formed the Shri Devi
Navadurga Prathishtan Trust, arguing that the idol and the temple belong to the public rather than being a private property of the Mahajans.
540:(non-Brahmin) villagers. The villagers asserted that the temple has always been a public entity and that they had the right to preserve the existing idol and participate in temple rituals, which the Mahajans had traditionally controlled..
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sets the population at 6,215 people of which 3,072 were females and 3,143 were males with a total sex ratio of 977 females to 1000 males. Population of children with the ages of 0-6 was 523 which came to 8.42% of the total population.
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chieftains under the leadership of the
Kadambas, known as the "konkaniga" in Vijayanagar sources. The battle was part of the Vijayanagar Empire's efforts to expand its control over the strategically important Konkan region.
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The conflict has led to legal battles, with the issue being taken to court multiple times. As of 2023, the case has yet to be fully resolved, but it continues to be a significant point of contention in the community.
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In 2016, the temple's managing body, the
Navadurga Sansthan Committee decided to replace the temple's idol, claiming that it had developed cracks. The Committee is composed mainly of
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This soon escalated into a broader debate over the ownership and control of the temple, reflecting underlying social tensions between the Brahmin Mahajans and the
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Of the total population, about 4% and 2.6% identified as agricultural laborers and cultivators respectively, while 41.7% identified as main or marginal workers.
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is also known for the controversy, which began in 2016, over a decision to replace the temple idol. This decision led to a legal and social dispute between the
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Marcaim is home to the Madkai industrial estate and its most important commodity manufactured is Steel, Pharmaceutical Products and House Utensils.
792:
552:, a law which regulated temple administration and property rights. The villagers state that the temple rightfully belongs to the entire village.
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The Battle of Madkai, which likely occurred around 1380, was a significant but overlooked conflict in the history of Goa and the
458:, Marcaim received upto 3630.42mm of rainfall. The average temperatures hitting a maximum of 31.53 C and a minimum of 23.51 C.
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Schedule Tribe (ST) constituted to about 36.23% and Schedule Caste (SC) constituted about 0.37% of the population.
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The town has a Hindu majority of 96.46%, the minorities, of which 2.91% are Christian and 0.45% are Muslim.
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757:"Land ownership row: Madkai farmers unite in demand for amendments to Tenancy and Mundkar Act"
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636:"Seven-year-long Madkai Navdurga Temple dispute inches closer to resolution"
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region. This battle involved the forces of Mahapradhan Mallapodeyar, the
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Marcaim has the following number of educational institutions:
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706:"Villages & Towns in Ponda Taluka of North Goa, Goa"
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755:Team, Herald (15 January 2024).
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793:Villages in North Goa district
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148:15.4230481°N 73.9511311°E
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434:Government and politics
739:"2011 Census of India"
530:Goud Saraswat Brahmins
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153:15.4230481; 73.9511311
83:Location in Goa, India
344:It is famous for the
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234: • Official
32:Village in Goa, India
710:www.census2011.co.in
582:Marcaim on wikimapia
393:The Battle of Madkai
274:Vehicle registration
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323:North Goa district
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766:1 September
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560:In the news
456:2011 census
405:Viceroy of
403:Vijayanagar
370:2011 census
315:census town
151: /
782:Categories
761:Herald Goa
569:References
546:Portuguese
364:Population
356:and local
206:Population
139:73°57′04″E
136:15°25′23″N
685:25 August
648:25 August
411:kshatriya
245:Time zone
229:Languages
200:North Goa
679:oHeraldo
641:oHeraldo
500:College
485:Primary
424:Chandgad
420:Khanapur
380:Religion
354:Mahajans
346:Navdurga
321:taluka,
250:UTC+5:30
195:District
538:Bahujan
488:Middle
462:Economy
450:Climate
388:History
358:Bahujan
351:Brahmin
307:Marcaim
283:Website
238:Konkani
220:Demonym
164:Country
110:Marcaim
77:Marcaim
51:Village
39:Marcaim
18:Marcaim
422:, and
407:Kanara
399:Konkan
311:Madkai
267:403404
224:Indian
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43:Madkai
742:(PDF)
548:-era
331:India
319:Ponda
313:is a
214:6,215
183:State
176:India
768:2024
717:2024
687:2024
650:2024
613:2024
442:and
368:The
290:.gov
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327:Goa
317:in
309:or
292:.in
288:goa
262:PIN
254:IST
188:Goa
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
