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According to several studies, local fishermen and villagers suffered a reduced capacity to provide for themselves and their families because of the loss of key fishing grounds following the implementation of the Mafia Island Marine Park. These same studies found that, despite these hardships, park
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A 2004 study revealed that fishing sites near the protected area had higher fish abundances and a larger mean fish size than sites further from the protected area. This phenomenon of increased fish abundance inside and around protected areas is called "spillover." Spillover occurs when a fish
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are six to ten times greater within the protected area, and snapper body size also tends to be larger within the protected area. The blackspot snapper has displayed a positive response to the implementation of the marine park, but more research on the response of multiple species to the
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Since the establishment of the park, these same fishermen report that the destructive practice of coral mining has been reduced and is now permitted only for subsistence use. However, a 2003 study revealed a live coral cover of only 14%.
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management focused mainly on improving marine environmental conditions rather than addressing human needs. In fact, many studies cite the implementation of MPA's as a cause of vulnerability and uncertainty for local livelihoods.
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Prior to the establishment of Mafia Island Marine Park, experienced local fishermen unanimously reported a decline in catch trends. According to these fishermen, the decline began in the 1960s and was caused by dynamite fishing,
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Levine, Arielle. (2010). Local
Responses to Marine Conservation in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy. July–December 2004. 183-202. 10.1080/13880290490883241
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410:
Kamukuru, Albogast T.; Mgaya, Yunus D.; Öhman, Marcus C. (1 January 2004). "Evaluating a marine protected area in a developing country: Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania".
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population has recovered to such high abundances within a protected area that the fish begin to leave the protected area, replenishing the surrounding fish population.
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Tourist attractions in Mafia Island Marine Park include snorkeling and diving. Mafia Island is famous for its offshore resident whale shark population.
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Garpe, Kajsa C.; Öhman, Marcus C. (2003). "Coral and fish distribution patterns in Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania: fish–habitat interactions".
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Benjaminsen, Tor A.; Bryceson, Ian (April 2012). "Conservation, green/blue grabbing and accumulation by dispossession in
Tanzania".
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implementation of the marine park is needed to determine whether or not the park is successfully protecting marine biodiversity.
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The effects of social-ecological changes on the livelihoods of fishing communities in Mafia Island, Tanzania
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Modernity and the
Meaning of Development within the Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania
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Studies have shown that the biomass of fish species like the
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VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources)
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339:. Marine Parks and Reserves, Tanzania. Archived from
212:. It is administratively located in the jurisdiction
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509:"Why the World's Biggest Sharks Love Mafia Island"
1249:Northern Zanzibar–Inhambane coastal forest mosaic
162:Marine Parks & Reserves Authority (Tanzania)
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72:Mafia Island Marine Park's location in Tanzania
16:Marine National Park of Pwani Region, Tanzania
1173:Tanzania Wildlife Management Authority (TAWA)
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186:Hifadhi Bahari ya Taifa ya Kisiwa cha Mafia
1165:Tanzania National Parks Authority (TANAPA)
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552:
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1160:Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism
1244:Tourist attractions in the Pwani Region
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46:of the Mafia Archipelago's Marine Park
1178:Marine Parks and Reserves Unit (MPRU)
270:Afro Whale Shark Safari, Mafia Island
7:
1169:Tanzania Forest Service Agency (TFS)
1015:Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park
79:
1234:Protected areas established in 1996
437:Moshy, Victoria Hippolite (2016).
293:List of national parks of Tanzania
14:
1186:Ngorongoro Conservation Authority
515:. 18 January 2017. Archived from
369:. Mafia Island Marine Park. 2011.
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1239:1996 establishments in Tanzania
424:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2004.07.003
148:
93:
412:Ocean & Coastal Management
1:
1113:Mafia Islands Marine Reserve
534:Mafia Archipelago Marine Park
457:Walley, Christine J. (2004).
228:Impact on Marine Biodiversity
1020:Dar es Salaam Marine Reserve
1005:Tanga Coelacanth Marine Park
495:10.1080/03066150.2012.667405
1224:Protected areas of Zanzibar
1142:Menai Bay Conservation Area
303:Marine reserves of Tanzania
262:Impact on Local Communities
1265:
1182:Tanzania Wildlife Division
483:Journal of Peasant Studies
337:"Mafia Island Marine Park"
1229:Geography of Pwani Region
51:
36:
26:
1214:Marine parks of Tanzania
1133:Zanzibar Marine Reserve
1010:Mafia Island Marine Park
513:National Geographic News
471:Brockington et al., 2008
298:Marine parks of Tanzania
182:Mafia Island Marine Park
173:Mafia Island Marine Park
22:Mafia Island Marine Park
394:10.1023/A:1026217201408
363:General Management Plan
840:nature forest reserves
271:
269:
1072:Tanga Marine Reserve
308:Wildlife of Zanzibar
126:7.75194°S 39.90028°E
838:Forest reserves and
539:World Wildlife Fund
279:Tourist Attractions
253:Impact on Fisheries
235:habitat destruction
158:Governing body
122: /
1137:Chumbe Marine Park
683:Udzungwa Mountains
519:on August 7, 2019.
272:
131:-7.75194; 39.90028
1196:
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957:Uluguru Mountains
703:Rumanyika-Karagwe
608:Jozani Chwaka Bay
246:blackspot snapper
202:Mafia Archipelago
192:) is a protected
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95:Nearest city
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1209:IUCN Category VI
897:West Kilimanjaro
779:Mpanga-Kipengere
749:Lukwika-Lumesule
633:Mahale Mountains
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198:IUCN category VI
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586:National Parks
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528:External links
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44:Bwejuu Island
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29:IUCN category
25:
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1219:Mafia Island
1107:Tanga Island
1040:Fungu Yasini
1009:
998:and reserves
996:Marine parks
977:Mount Rungwe
942:Mount Hanang
917:West Chenene
698:Burigi-Chato
688:Ugalla River
628:Lake Manyara
598:Gombe Stream
517:the original
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345:. Retrieved
341:the original
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218:Pwani Region
206:Indian Ocean
185:
181:
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89:Pwani Region
1117:Shungumbili
872:Kazimzumbwi
857:Lake Duluti
819:Swaga Swaga
618:Kilimanjaro
210:sea of Zanj
200:around the
194:marine park
150:Established
129: /
105:Coordinates
1203:Categories
927:Essimingor
922:ChemiChemi
867:Pugu Hills
862:Biharamulo
789:Ngorongoro
764:Mkungunero
347:2009-04-01
314:References
117:39°54′01″E
114:07°45′07″S
1055:Makatumbi
1035:Pangavini
932:Kilombero
912:Kilombero
902:Kilombero
882:Kilombero
739:Liparamba
729:Kijereshi
678:Tarangire
673:Serengeti
446:(Thesis).
196:with the
99:Kilindoni
1127:Barakuni
987:Meru-Usa
892:Mwambesi
774:Moyowosi
769:Msanjesi
724:Ikorongo
579:Tanzania
287:See also
222:Tanzania
81:Location
1122:Nyororo
1060:Kimbubu
1025:Bongoyo
982:Magamba
937:Minziro
907:Pindiro
877:Vikindu
744:Lukwati
719:Grumeti
663:Saadani
648:Nyerere
643:Mkomazi
204:in the
190:Swahili
168:Website
1102:Maziwi
1092:Ulenge
1065:Latham
1050:Kendwa
1030:Mbudya
952:Mkingu
824:Uwanda
814:Selous
809:Rungwa
784:Muhesi
734:Kizigo
693:Kigosi
638:Mikumi
623:Kitulo
613:Katavi
593:Arusha
145:822km²
1097:Yambe
1087:Kwale
1082:Mwewe
1077:Kirui
1045:Sinda
972:Chome
947:Rondo
847:Amani
829:Pande
804:Rukwa
794:Pande
759:Maswa
754:Lwafi
653:Ruaha
444:(PDF)
367:(PDF)
188:, in
967:Nilo
799:Piti
153:1995
142:Area
887:Rau
577:of
491:doi
420:doi
390:doi
386:498
220:in
216:of
208:'s
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402:^
384:.
224:.
87:,
567:e
560:t
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497:.
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350:.
184:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
