578:
29:
1917:
1271:
253:
354:
520:(1584), which proposed a formalisation of Scottish prosody and consciously strove to identify what was distinctive in the Scots tradition. The removal of the Court to London under James after 1603 is usually regarded as marking the eclipse of the distinctively Scottish tradition of poetry initiated by the Makars, but figures such as
620:
was announced as the third holder of this post in 2016. Before Kay was appointed, it was suggested that the role might now only be referred to as the
National Poet for Scotland, because of concerns that the word makar had to be explained outside of Scotland. Kay states that she argued for retaining
388:
also survives along with evidence that suggests the existence of a substantial body of lost work. The quality of extant work generally, both minor and major, demonstrates a thriving poetic tradition in
Scotland throughout the period.
531:. While Chaucer's influence on fifteenth-century Scottish literature was certainly important, the makars drew strongly on a native tradition predating Chaucer, exemplified by Barbour, as well as the courtly literature of France.
1106:
349:
traditions; but one characteristic of poetry by the Makars is that features from all of these various traditions, such as strong alliteration and swift narration, continued to be a distinctive influence.
78:
153:
Since 2002, the term "makar" has been revived as the name for a publicly funded poet, first in
Edinburgh, followed by the cities of Glasgow, Stirling and Dundee. In 2004 the position of
1275:
728:
967:
1657:
1286:
534:
In the more general application of the term which is current today the word can be applied to poets of the Scots revival in the eighteenth century, such as
443:
Qualities in verse especially prized by many of these writers included the combination of skilful artifice with natural diction, concision and quickness (
1160:
364:
The first of the Makars proper in this sense, although perhaps the least Scots due to his education predominantly in captivity at the
English court in
1856:
637:, Scotland's capital, instituted a post of makar, known as the Edinburgh Makar. Each term lasts for three years and the first three incumbents were
440:
of makars, not exclusively
Scottish, some of whom are now only known through his mention, further indicative of the wider extent to the tradition.
1697:
1692:
1296:
325:
and similar to the route which
Chaucer followed in England. Their work is usually distinguished from the work of earlier Scottish writers such as
1291:
1682:
1333:
40:, now in ruins: one of Scotland's key buildings in the classic period of the Makars and a possible presence in some of Dunbar's spiritual works
1019:
1951:
1851:
897:
941:
1687:
1579:
1453:
501:
1599:
572:
154:
1650:
500:, still drew strongly on the work of fifteenth and early sixteenth century exponents. This influence can be traced right through to
360:; built in the century of the makars, the famed intricacy of its carving shares much in spirit with the aureation in their language.
292:
871:
1205:
818:
542:. In recent times, other examples of poets that have seemed to particularly exemplify the traditions of the makars have included
1508:
521:
274:
577:
199:
1702:
788:
457:
1897:
1643:
1134:
843:
477:
Some of the Makars, such as Dunbar, also featured an increasing incorporation of
Latinate terms into Scots prosody, or
1961:
1836:
1753:
334:
1841:
1810:
1513:
1498:
1432:
1326:
263:
1805:
432:. This was also the period when use of Scots in poetry was at its most richly and successfully aureate. Dunbar's
1956:
1831:
1493:
305:
The work of the Makar of the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries was in part marked out by an adoption in
1946:
1738:
1723:
1549:
1437:
586:
1081:
737:
Makar is a New York indie rock band formed in 2002 by singer/songwriters Mark
Purnell and Andrea DeAngelis.
1846:
1733:
1544:
1473:
452:
270:
22:
1063:
1941:
1458:
1407:
1319:
513:
385:
1281:
1748:
1589:
1564:
547:
424:(1513), the first full and faithful translation of an important work of classical antiquity into any
411:
341:
verse in octosyllabic couplets and it also perhaps marked something of a departure from the medieval
132:
33:
28:
1774:
1666:
1609:
1574:
1529:
1366:
1356:
605:
601:
551:
535:
517:
369:
326:
158:
143:
85:
1023:
1872:
1784:
1483:
1371:
1107:"Alan Spence – new Edinburgh Makar | Literature Alliance Scotland | Caidreabhas Litreachais Alba"
1082:"Award-winning poet and playwright is new Edinburgh Makar | Museums and Galleries of Edinburgh |"
509:
901:
681:
915:
1892:
1877:
1779:
1478:
1376:
658:
1902:
1887:
1881:
1800:
1584:
1569:
1534:
1427:
754:
689:
539:
314:
222:
147:
107:
has been specifically used to refer to a number of poets of fifteenth and sixteenth century
52:
1921:
1743:
1503:
1402:
1381:
792:
714:
642:
446:
425:
404:
377:
112:
1186:
395:, who is generally seen today as one of the foremost makars, is not known to have been a
1728:
1624:
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1412:
622:
582:
555:
543:
505:
482:
415:
357:
218:
214:
124:
116:
822:
1935:
1815:
1422:
1417:
741:
710:
650:
609:
593:
497:
194:
120:
1614:
1539:
764:
697:
669:
638:
613:
373:
342:
226:
169:
128:
875:
1758:
1397:
1120:
1045:
677:
654:
493:
489:
400:
252:
97:
1306:
1121:"Word on Street: Top Scottish writer Liz Lochhead is unveiled as Poet Laureate"
968:"Search for new national poet will dispense with 'lovely old Scots name' Makar"
785:
1619:
1270:
646:
617:
604:. The first appointment was made directly by the Parliament in that year when
524:
might loosely be seen as forming a continuation into the seventeenth century.
396:
381:
376:. Apart from other principal figures already named, writing by makars such as
306:
230:
37:
428:. Douglas is one of the first authors to explicitly identify his language as
1301:
1248:
1138:
993:
634:
478:
353:
346:
338:
173:
142:. In modern usage, poets of the Scots revival in the 18th century, such as
481:, heightening the creative tensions between the ornate and the natural in
473:"That did in love so lively write, So short so quick, of sentence high..."
437:
685:
673:
496:
was not followed up in the subsequent century, but later makars, such as
392:
322:
310:
108:
1361:
665:
420:
330:
277: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1635:
874:(Press release). Scottish Government. 16 February 2004. Archived from
185:
21:
This article is about the
Scottish poetical term. For other uses, see
693:
516:
and, once again, the king himself. The king composed a treatise, the
365:
190:
210:
467:
That did in luf so lifly write, So schort, so quyk, of sentence hie
403:, the city in which he was based, was one of the residences of the
740:
The
Edinburgh Makars is an Amateur Drama Group founded in 1932 by
576:
352:
318:
27:
759:
410:
A high point in cultural patronage was the Renaissance Court of
93:
89:
1639:
1315:
1311:
418:. The pinnacle in writing from this time was in fact Douglas's
744:, the well-known Scottish actress, broadcaster and playwright.
527:
The Makars have often been referred to by literary critics as
414:(1488–1513) now principally associated in literary terms with
246:
138:
The Makars have often been referred to by literary critics as
67:
608:
received the honour to become Scotland's first ever official
317:
current across Europe after the influence of such figures as
204:
1230:
61:
723:
is the name of a fictional character in the video game
451:) of expression. For example, Dunbar praises his peer,
217:
although it need not be exclusive to Scottish writers.
64:
1022:. Scottish Government. 15 March 2016. Archived from
861:
Oxford clarendon Press, 1958. (Introduction, p.xiii)
649:(2008, 2011). The current incumbent (as of 2021) is
621:
the Makar name, which is still used. In August 2021
213:". The term is normally applied to poets writing in
1865:
1824:
1793:
1767:
1711:
1675:
1598:
1522:
1446:
1390:
1349:
58:
55:
1046:"Kathleen Jamie announced as Scotland's new Makar"
625:was announced as the fourth holder of the post.
16:Term from Scottish literature for a poet or bard
488:The new plane of achievement set by Douglas in
1651:
1327:
846:Written in the Language of the Scottis Nation
657:. and Shetlandic dialect writer and advocate
8:
309:languages of the new and greater variety in
1206:"Dundee appoints WN Herbert as first makar"
916:"Liz Lochhead confirmed as new Scots Makar"
664:Other cities to create Makar posts include
465:
444:
234:
221:for instance referred to the English poets
178:
1658:
1644:
1636:
1334:
1320:
1312:
1278:, a poem by William Dunbar, at Wikisource
293:Learn how and when to remove this message
942:"Jackie Kay named as new Scottish makar"
819:"Scottish Literature: 1600 and All That"
776:
581:Nicola Sturgeon and the new 2021 Makar
1249:"Edinburgh Makars History of the Club"
183:) is the equivalent of Middle English
805:The Monk of Bery, and Gower, al thre.
653:. The previous Edinburgh makars were
372:(1394–1437) the likely author of the
7:
898:"ASLS: A National Poet for Scotland"
275:adding citations to reliable sources
1600:Makar or National Poet for Scotland
800:The noble Chaucer of makaris flour,
725:The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker
155:Makar or National Poet for Scotland
1204:Cowing, Emma (15 September 2013).
573:Makar (National Poet for Scotland)
14:
600:, was established in 2004 by the
103:Since the 19th century, the term
1915:
1269:
1086:literaturealliancescotland.co.uk
251:
51:
504:and the various members of the
262:needs additional citations for
612:. He was succeeded in 2011 by
1:
1068:Edinburgh City of Literature
1000:. 8 August 2020. BBC Radio 4
205:
1952:Scottish literary movements
1754:Scottish Gaelic Renaissance
1523:18th century – 20th century
512:(1567–1603) which included
368:, is generally taken to be
1978:
1514:John Stewart of Baldynneis
1499:Robert Sempill the younger
1433:John Stewart of Baldynneis
1135:"Magi is Stirling's Makar"
570:
399:, but the Royal Palace of
198:
189:. The word functions as a
20:
1911:
508:in the Scottish court of
193:(literal translation) of
157:, was authorized by the
96:, often thought of as a
1857:Science fiction writers
1724:Renaissance in Scotland
1550:Alicia Ann Spottiswoode
1253:www.edinburghmakars.com
592:A position of national
587:Scottish Poetry Library
466:
445:
235:
179:
172:
1545:Robert Louis Stevenson
1447:c. 1560 – 17th century
1276:Lament for the Makaris
1020:"Scotland's new Makar"
848:, p.64 (online source)
589:
434:Lament for the Makaris
361:
123:, who wrote a diverse
42:
23:Makar (disambiguation)
1459:Alexander Montgomerie
904:on 26 September 2008.
859:William Dunbar: Poems
580:
514:Alexander Montgomerie
356:
243:The Makars in history
131:in the period of the
31:
1749:Scottish Renaissance
1565:Sydney Goodsir Smith
1302:The Edinburgh Makars
1191:www.wordfringe.co.uk
633:In 2002 the City of
548:Sydney Goodsir Smith
436:(c.1505) contains a
271:improve this article
133:Northern Renaissance
34:St Andrews Cathedral
1922:Scotland portal
1852:Short story writers
1668:Scottish literature
1575:George Campbell Hay
1109:. 28 November 2017.
825:on 11 February 2012
602:Scottish Parliament
558:among many others.
552:George Campbell Hay
518:Reulis and Cautelis
159:Scottish Parliament
86:Scottish literature
1962:Middle Scots poets
1873:British literature
1484:Elizabeth Melville
1235:www.makarmusic.com
878:on 4 February 2012
791:2009-04-06 at the
590:
362:
43:
1929:
1928:
1893:Opera in Scotland
1878:Celtic literature
1633:
1632:
1479:Christian Lindsay
1391:c. 1460 – c. 1560
1377:Andrew of Wyntoun
1350:c. 1370 – c. 1460
1274:The full text of
1167:. 3 November 2022
1052:. 18 August 2021.
974:. 9 February 2016
922:. 19 January 2011
872:"The Scots Makar"
713:uses the word in
659:Christine De Luca
529:Scots Chaucerians
461:(ll.74-5) as one
303:
302:
295:
150:are also makars.
140:Scots Chaucerians
84:) is a term from
1969:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1903:Welsh literature
1888:Irish literature
1866:Related articles
1669:
1660:
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1585:Hamish Henderson
1535:Robert Fergusson
1509:William Drummond
1428:Richard Maitland
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1165:Stirling Council
1161:"Stirling Makar"
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1137:. Archived from
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1125:
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1117:
1111:
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1103:
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1064:"Meet the Makar"
1060:
1054:
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1026:on 15 March 2016
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540:Robert Fergusson
522:William Drummond
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111:, in particular
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1454:Alexander Scott
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1403:Robert Henryson
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1372:Sir Gilbert Hay
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948:. 15 March 2016
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793:Wayback Machine
783:For example in
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751:
715:The Dream Songs
706:
643:Valerie Gillies
631:
629:The city Makars
598:The Scots Makar
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567:The Scots Makar
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502:Alexander Scott
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378:Richard Holland
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1264:External links
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1187:"Makar Making"
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1141:on 6 June 2011
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709:American poet
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623:Kathleen Jamie
583:Kathleen Jamie
571:Main article:
568:
565:
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560:
556:Norman MacCaig
544:Robert Garioch
506:Castalian Band
483:poetic diction
475:
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416:William Dunbar
386:Walter Kennedy
358:Rosslyn Chapel
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35:
30:
24:
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1942:Scots Makars
1913:
1718:
1703:20th century
1698:19th century
1693:18th century
1688:Early modern
1615:Liz Lochhead
1610:Edwin Morgan
1540:Robert Burns
1530:Allan Ramsay
1357:John Barbour
1343:Scots makars
1342:
1287:Stewart Conn
1282:Edwin Morgan
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1164:
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1139:the original
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1028:. Retrieved
1024:the original
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
997:
994:"Jackie Kay"
988:
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971:
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946:The Guardian
945:
936:
924:. Retrieved
919:
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902:the original
892:
880:. Retrieved
876:the original
866:
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827:. Retrieved
823:the original
813:
804:
799:
796:(ll.50–1):
784:
779:
765:Robert Burns
729:
724:
720:
717:#43 and #94.
698:W.N. Herbert
670:Liz Lochhead
663:
645:(2005), and
639:Stewart Conn
632:
614:Liz Lochhead
606:Edwin Morgan
597:
591:
585:outside the
562:Modern usage
536:Allan Ramsay
533:
528:
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374:Kingis Quair
363:
343:alliterative
304:
289:
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269:Please help
264:verification
261:
184:
170:Middle Scots
168:
152:
144:Allan Ramsay
139:
137:
129:Middle Scots
127:of works in
104:
102:
46:
44:
18:
1794:By language
1759:Tartan Noir
1739:Romanticism
1603:(from 2004)
1398:Blind Harry
1091:1 September
972:The Courier
678:Magi Gibson
655:Alan Spence
596:, entitled
494:translation
401:Dunfermline
209:) "maker;
98:royal court
1936:Categories
1837:Dramatists
1620:Jackie Kay
1297:Ron Butlin
926:19 January
829:18 October
786:The Lament
771:References
732:characters
704:Other uses
682:Laura Fyfe
647:Ron Butlin
618:Jackie Kay
458:The Lament
397:court poet
382:Blind Hary
333:who wrote
307:vernacular
105:The Makars
38:St Andrews
1882:mythology
1842:Novelists
1712:Movements
1570:Tom Scott
1215:30 August
1171:19 August
1145:16 August
635:Edinburgh
479:aureation
347:troubador
339:chronicle
165:Etymology
1898:Theatres
1683:Medieval
1464:James VI
1050:BBC News
1030:8 August
1004:8 August
978:8 August
952:29 March
920:BBC News
789:Archived
749:See also
686:Aberdeen
674:Stirling
641:(2002),
594:laureate
510:James VI
447:glegness
412:James IV
393:Henryson
323:Petrarch
177:(plural
109:Scotland
1832:Writers
1801:English
1367:James I
1362:Huchoun
1231:"MAKAR"
666:Glasgow
453:Merseir
430:Scottis
421:Eneados
407:court.
405:Stewart
370:James I
335:romance
331:Wyntoun
327:Barbour
315:prosody
311:metrics
236:makaris
227:Lydgate
223:Chaucer
206:poiētēs
200:ποιητής
180:makaris
1785:Poetry
1719:Makars
882:6 July
727:, see
694:Dundee
692:) and
366:London
191:calque
100:poet.
88:for a
1847:Poets
1825:Lists
1780:Novel
1775:Drama
1768:Forms
721:Makar
319:Dante
231:Gower
215:Scots
197:term
186:maker
174:makar
125:genre
74:
47:makar
1816:Norn
1676:Eras
1217:2020
1173:2024
1147:2009
1093:2020
1032:2020
1006:2020
980:2020
954:2016
928:2011
884:2017
831:2011
760:Scop
554:and
538:and
492:and
490:epic
438:leet
384:and
337:and
329:and
321:and
313:and
229:and
211:poet
146:and
119:and
94:bard
90:poet
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345:or
273:by
233:as
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