490:, being 78 mm (3.1 in) and estimated between 100–120 mm (3.9–4.7 in) in full length. The costal vein starts fairly thick in the basal section of the wing and tapers down as it progresses towards the wing tip. The subcostal veinlets below the costa curve towards the wing tip and are fairly widely spaced. Between the major veins on most of the wing are many densely spaced crossveins, with the exception of between the veins at the wings tip end. The wing is covered in a coating of
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The holotype wing is partially preserved and thought to be a possible forewing, though it is not whole enough to confirm. The estimated wing length is approximately 140–160 mm (5.5–6.3 in). However, no information was provided as how that inference was obtained, since it is only known from
395:
and new subfamily "Makarkiniinae" in
Panfiloviidae. Three years later Martins-Neto elevated the subfamily to a full family as Makarkiniidae, though this change was not widely used. It was suggested by Makarkin and Archibald in 2003 and subsequent authors that the genus was closely related to
460:
species are distinguished from other genera by the subcostal veinlets which notably curve towards the wing tip. The veinlets are forked with one to four small branches. The hindwings have a large distinct eye spot centered in the wing and surrounded by three concentric circles.
494:, very thick on the outer margins and major veins. On the thin veins running lengthwise along the wing and the crossveins the setae are thinner, arranged into three rows on the veins. The wing membrane has a coating of setae that thins out approaching the wing tip. The
382:
paleontological collection when first studied. The fossil was described by R. G. Martins-Neto in a 1992 paper on the neuropterans of the Crato
Formation, with the species named in it. At the time of description the species was placed into the extinct family
357:. The area is a preserved inland lake or one of a series of lakes, though the nature as a fresh or salt-water body is uncertain. The depth of the basin has been suggested as either shallow or fairly deep. The basin formed near the center of the
429:
was the only
Kalligrammatidae genus known from the Americas, the other members of the family having been described from Asian and European fossils. Like other kalligrammatids, the environment of
602:
Bechly, G.; Makarkin, V. N. (2016). "A new gigantic lacewing species (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower
Cretaceous of Brazil confirms the occurrence of Kalligrammatidae in the Americas".
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441:
are found on the hindwings. The genus is the youngest member of the family to be described, living slightly after the last
Eurasian genera from the early Aptian of China.
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472:
fairly partial fossil not enough to reconstruct whole wing, and wing length-width ratio is completely unknown since that is quite different among kalligrammatids.
353:. The formation is composed of unweathered grey and oxidized yellow limestones, which preserved numerous insects, fish, birds and reptiles as a notable
777:
498:
consists of a notable eye-spot that is 11 mm (0.43 in) in diameter, several darker longitudinal stripes and darkening of the costal area.
534:"A new giant species of the remarkable extinct family Kalligrammatidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil"
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collections at the time of description. The fossil was first studied by Günter Bechly and
Vladimir Makarkin who erected the species in a
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to honor
Andreas Kerner, who owned the fossil until its donation to the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde.
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is known from 77 millimetres (3.0 in) long hindwing fragment which preserves eye spot patterning.
533:
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also had the largest wing size of any living or fossil lacewing (indeed of any member of the order
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of the fossils indicates they were daytime fliers. To lessen predation by other animals, large
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391:. This placement was changed in a 1997 by Martins-Neto who moved the species to a new genus,
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Kalligrammatidae, and moved into the family in 2016 by Günter Bechly and
Vladimir Makarkin.
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449:) and had an estimated maximum wing length of approximately 160 millimetres (6.3 in).
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Machado, Renato J. P.; Freitas, André V. L.; Ribeiro, Guilherme C. (2021-04-01).
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Martill, David M.; Bechly, Günter; Loveridge, Robert F. (2007).
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The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil: Window into an
Ancient World
403:, is known from the single holotype specimen residing in the
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described by
Martins-Neto in 1997 from fossils found in the
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rock. Along with other well-preserved insect fossils, the
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300:. The genus contains three species dating to the
433:was subtropical to tropical in temperature, and
364:during the early part of the diversification of
334:was known from a single fossil wing which is a
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643:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–4.
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346:specimens were collected from layers of the
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891:Early Cretaceous animals of South America
411:paper published in 2016. They coined the
886:Prehistoric arthropods of South America
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405:Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde
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665:"Fossilworks: Makarkinia adamsi"
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399:The second species described,
378:specimen was preserved in the
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911:Fossil taxa described in 2016
624:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.014
558:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104724
336:compression-impression fossil
338:preserved in layers of soft
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326:History and classification
871:Prehistoric insect genera
486:hindwing is smaller than
380:National Museum of Brazil
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146:Scientific classification
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482:The overall size of the
27:Extinct genus of insects
330:When first described,
804:Paleobiology Database
137:Life restoration of
616:2016CrRes..58..135B
604:Cretaceous Research
550:2021CrRes.12004724M
538:Cretaceous Research
409:Cretaceous Research
876:Cretaceous insects
313:Makarkinia kerneri
901:Fossils of Brazil
896:Cretaceous Brazil
866:Neuroptera genera
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791:Open Tree of Life
708:Taxon identifiers
650:978-1-139-46776-6
389:Panfilovia adamsi
307:Makarkinia adamsi
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235:Martins-Neto 1997
18:Makarkinia adamsi
16:(Redirected from
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435:color patterning
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366:flowering plants
319:Makarkinia irmae
296:in northeastern
286:Kalligrammatidae
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40:Temporal range:
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881:Aptian life
740:Wikispecies
670:17 December
610:: 135–140.
453:Description
340:sedimentary
302:Late Aptian
860:Categories
746:Makarkinia
716:Makarkinia
695:Makarkinia
544:: 104724.
515:References
484:M. kerneri
477:M. kerneri
458:Makarkinia
447:Neuroptera
443:Makarkinia
431:Makarkinia
427:Makarkinia
423:M. kerneri
401:M. kerneri
393:Makarkinia
344:Makarkinia
332:Makarkinia
270:Makarkinia
254:M. kerneri
230:Makarkinia
203:Neuroptera
183:Arthropoda
36:Makarkinia
731:Q21589811
574:230637153
566:0195-6671
488:M. adamsi
466:M. adamsi
439:eye spots
373:M. adamsi
282:lacewings
249:M. adamsi
169:Kingdom:
163:Eukaryota
754:BioLib:
725:Wikidata
509:M. irmae
503:M. irmae
376:holotype
362:Gondwana
259:M. irmae
241:Species
209:Family:
179:Phylum:
173:Animalia
159:Domain:
139:M. irmae
850:Insects
824:Portals
796:6289928
783:8679195
757:1195272
612:Bibcode
546:Bibcode
416:kerneri
292:of the
275:extinct
222:Genus:
199:Order:
193:Insecta
189:Class:
117:↓
809:326056
647:
572:
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298:Brazil
273:is an
42:Aptian
770:62XWX
570:S2CID
492:setae
421:When
278:genus
778:GBIF
672:2021
645:ISBN
562:ISSN
371:The
316:and
56:PreꞒ
765:CoL
620:doi
554:doi
542:120
387:as
280:of
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106:Pg
50:Ma
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226:†
213:†
111:N
101:K
96:J
91:T
86:P
81:C
76:D
71:S
66:O
61:Ꞓ
45:~
20:)
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