38:
1219:
101:
45:
728:
253:, and soon converted to Islam. However, by the late Eighteenth Century, although nominally still part of Bornu, the city states had reasserted themselves, and by 1800 Makary had formed a federation of seven fortified towns under the
240:
that occupied the land south of Lake Chad from about the Sixth
Century A.D. going into decline by at least the Fourteenth Century. With the decline of the Sao confederation, Makary was an independent kingdom, one of the
1132:
732:
321:
Makary sits on the delta; however the river bed of the Chari River is dry most of the year, only filling with the onset of the rainy season in July and drying up again by the end of
October.
1001:
Convention between the French
Republic and Germany for the Delimitation of the Colonies of French Congo and of Cameroon and French and German Spheres of Influence in the Region of Lake Chad
288:, then Baguirmi, and then in 1894 Bornu. This soon brought Makary under Rabih's control. After Rabih was killed by the French in 1900, Makary fell under the German sphere of influence.
1125:
1498:
891:
Contribution de la recherche ethnologique Ă l'histoire des civilisations du
Cameroun (The contribution of enthnological research to the history of Cameroun cultures)
1118:
889:
Lebeuf, Annie Masson-Detourbet (1981). "L'origine et la constitution des principautés Kotoko (Cameroun septentrional)". In
Tardits, Claude (ed.).
753:
745:
716:
708:
697:
689:
64:
1036:
The Future is an
Ancient Lake: Traditional Knowledge, Biodiversity and Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Lake Chad Basin Ecosystems
291:
Despite the changes in rulers and religion the culture of Makary seems to represent an uninterrupted continuation of the original Sao culture.
1493:
1076:
1047:
869:
825:
37:
856:
Holl, Augustin F. C. (2001). "500 Years in the
Cameroons: making sense of the archaeological record". In DeCorse, Christopher R. (ed.).
178:
884:
Sources are not agreed upon the commencement date of Sao
Civilization. For example urbanization occurred in the period
1145:
205:
186:
1005:
Convention
Confirming the Protocol of 9 April 1908 Defining the Boundaries between the French Congo and Cameroon
1218:
843:
Cameroon
History for Secondary Schools and Colleges, Vol. 1: From Prehistoric Times to the Nineteenth Century
310:
123:
157:
1141:
305:
167:
749:
712:
693:
273:
111:
1472:
1275:
330:
116:
1192:
1186:
1068:
1298:
1180:
1072:
1043:
1018:
988:
967:
963:
946:
931:
909:
905:
865:
861:
821:
817:
787:
770:
1039:
926:
This kingdom and the later princedom under Bornu are sometimes called the "Maccari Kingdom".
893:(in French). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. pp. 209–218, page 213.
1467:
1323:
237:
1313:
1227:
816:. Historisk-Filosofiske Skrifter, volume 21. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. pp.
281:
201:
128:
1424:
1110:
1034:
Batello, Caterina; Marzot, Marzio; Touré, Adamou Harouna & Kenmore, Peter E. (2004).
284:
was able to move into the power vacuum created by these contending forces and took first
1452:
1447:
1419:
1343:
1333:
1303:
1198:
1165:
300:
285:
242:
221:
960:
The history of the world; a survey of a man's record, Volume III: West Asia and Africa
1487:
265:
225:
245:
city-states. In the early Fifteenth Century, Makary went from being an ally of King
1434:
1265:
277:
250:
246:
209:
1386:
1376:
1338:
1260:
269:
213:
1092:
100:
1290:
1255:
1157:
333:(BWh) with little to no rain in all months except July, August and September.
79:
66:
1406:
1391:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1203:
217:
148:
1457:
971:
208:, Cameroon, West Africa. The town is located on the right (east) bank of a
913:
1414:
1235:
1208:
1149:
1038:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). p.
228:
is the trade language. The primary economic activity was and is fishing.
104:
1003:, signed at Berlin on 15 March 1894. This boundary was confirmed by the
858:
West Africa During the Atlantic Slave Trade: Archaeological Perspectives
1442:
1396:
1328:
1318:
1250:
1245:
1170:
999:
The boundary between the French and German spheres was defined by the
1462:
1381:
1348:
1175:
174:
153:
268:, nominal general of the Bornu sultan Ibrahim, suffered a defeat at
814:
A Comparative Study of Thirty City-state Cultures: An Investigation
1308:
1240:
1280:
1114:
904:. Methuen's Handbooks of archaeology. London: Methuen. p.
1020:
West Africa Before the Europeans: Archaeology & Prehistory
902:
West Africa Before the Europeans: Archaeology & Prehistory
897:
traditionally the culture started about the tenth century A.D.
220:. The people are known as Kotoko, and the local language is
812:
Hansen, Mogens Herman (2000). "The Kotoko City-States".
754:
United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
717:
United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
698:
United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
1433:
1405:
1357:
1289:
1226:
1156:
767:
International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Volume 1
185:
164:
147:
139:
134:
122:
110:
95:
21:
860:. London: Leicester University Press. p.
1126:
962:. New York: Dodd, Meade and Company. p.
8:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
1063:Hudgens, Jim & Trillo, Richard (2003).
1133:
1119:
1111:
336:
18:
44:
1499:Communes of Far North Region (Cameroon)
984:
783:
682:
184:
146:
133:
94:
59:
30:
276:, itself weakened by attacks from the
163:
138:
121:
109:
16:Place in Far North Province, Cameroon
7:
1007:, signed at Berlin on 18 April 1908.
942:
927:
845:. Hong Kong: Macmillan. p. 18.
769:. Oxford University Press. p.
216:in the delta just before it enters
236:Makary was part of the indigenous
14:
765:Frawley, William J., ed. (2003).
731:. World Gazetteer. Archived from
1217:
1067:. London: Rough Guides. p.
99:
43:
36:
1065:The Rough Guide to West Africa
958:Helmolt, Hans F., ed. (1903).
1:
599:Average rainfall mm (inches)
1494:Populated places in Cameroon
529:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
389:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1515:
668:
339:
1215:
669:Source: Climate-Data.org
598:
528:
458:
388:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
60:
31:
340:Climate data for Makary
1023:. Methuen. p. 318.
1017:Davies, Oliver (1967).
900:Davies, Oliver (1967).
249:to being a part of the
841:Fanso, V. G. (1989).
272:by the forces of the
166: • Summer (
80:12.57417°N 14.45389°E
52:Location in Cameroon
750:GEOnet Names Server
713:GEOnet Names Server
694:GEOnet Names Server
459:Daily mean °C (°F)
274:Kingdom of Baguirmi
76: /
1095:. Climate-Data.org
331:hot desert climate
140: • Total
117:Far North Province
85:12.57417; 14.45389
1481:
1480:
1093:"Climate: Makary"
1078:978-1-84353-118-0
1049:978-92-5-105064-4
871:978-0-7185-0247-8
827:978-87-7876-177-4
746:Makary (Approved)
673:
672:
226:Fulani (Fulfulde)
195:
194:
1506:
1221:
1146:Far North Region
1135:
1128:
1121:
1112:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1014:
1008:
997:
991:
982:
976:
975:
955:
949:
940:
934:
924:
918:
917:
894:
882:
876:
875:
853:
847:
846:
838:
832:
831:
809:
790:
781:
775:
774:
762:
756:
743:
737:
736:
725:
719:
709:Makari (Variant)
706:
700:
690:Mafaté (Variant)
687:
337:
238:Sao civilisation
206:Far North Region
171:
103:
91:
90:
88:
87:
86:
81:
77:
74:
73:
72:
69:
47:
46:
40:
23:Makary, Cameroon
19:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1429:
1401:
1353:
1285:
1228:Logone-et-Chari
1222:
1213:
1152:
1139:
1109:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1016:
1015:
1011:
998:
994:
983:
979:
957:
956:
952:
941:
937:
925:
921:
899:
888:
883:
879:
872:
855:
854:
850:
840:
839:
835:
828:
811:
810:
793:
782:
778:
764:
763:
759:
744:
740:
727:
726:
722:
707:
703:
688:
684:
679:
674:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
327:
319:
297:
282:Rabih az-Zubayr
280:. By the 1890s
234:
202:Logone-et-Chari
165:
129:Logone-et-Chari
84:
82:
78:
75:
70:
67:
65:
63:
62:
56:
55:
54:
53:
50:
49:
48:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1084:
1077:
1055:
1048:
1026:
1009:
992:
977:
950:
935:
919:
877:
870:
848:
833:
826:
791:
776:
757:
738:
735:on 2013-02-09.
720:
701:
681:
680:
678:
675:
671:
670:
666:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
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615:
610:
605:
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575:
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560:
555:
550:
545:
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530:
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510:
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500:
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485:
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435:
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342:
341:
335:
326:
323:
318:
315:
314:
313:
308:
303:
296:
293:
286:Oubangui-Chari
264:In March 1846
243:Kotoko kingdom
233:
230:
193:
192:
189:
183:
182:
172:
162:
161:
151:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
132:
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126:
120:
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114:
108:
107:
97:
93:
92:
58:
57:
51:
42:
41:
35:
34:
33:
32:
29:
28:
26:Mafaté, Makari
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1511:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
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1471:
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1418:
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1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1002:
996:
993:
990:
986:
981:
978:
973:
969:
965:
961:
954:
951:
948:
944:
939:
936:
933:
929:
923:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
892:
887:
881:
878:
873:
867:
863:
859:
852:
849:
844:
837:
834:
829:
823:
819:
815:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
792:
789:
785:
780:
777:
772:
768:
761:
758:
755:
751:
747:
742:
739:
734:
730:
724:
721:
718:
714:
710:
705:
702:
699:
695:
691:
686:
683:
676:
667:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
597:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
527:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
457:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
387:
343:
338:
334:
332:
329:Makary has a
324:
322:
316:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
294:
292:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:Umar of Borno
262:
261:) of Makary.
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
231:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
200:is a town in
199:
190:
188:
180:
176:
173:
169:
159:
155:
152:
150:
142:
130:
127:
125:
118:
115:
113:
106:
102:
98:
89:
61:Coordinates:
39:
20:
1473:Souledé-Roua
1435:Mayo-Tsanaga
1270:
1266:Logone-Birni
1097:. Retrieved
1087:
1064:
1058:
1035:
1029:
1019:
1012:
1004:
1000:
995:
985:Helmolt 1903
980:
959:
953:
938:
922:
901:
896:
890:
885:
880:
857:
851:
842:
836:
813:
784:Frawley 2003
779:
766:
760:
741:
733:the original
723:
704:
685:
328:
320:
290:
278:Wadai Empire
263:
258:
254:
251:Bornu Empire
247:Idris Alooma
235:
210:distributary
197:
196:
1387:Moulvoudaye
1339:Tchati-Bali
886:1100 a 1400
214:Chari River
83: /
1488:Categories
1291:Mayo-Danay
1256:Hile-Alifa
1193:Maroua III
987:, p.
945:, p.
930:, p.
786:, p.
135:Population
124:Department
71:14°27′14″E
68:12°34′27″N
1425:Tokombéré
1407:Mayo-Sava
1392:Moutourwa
1372:Guidiguis
1367:Dziguilao
1359:Mayo-Kani
1204:Ndoukoula
1187:Maroua II
1099:August 5,
943:Holl 2001
928:Holl 2001
317:Geography
218:Lake Chad
149:Time zone
1415:Kolofata
1299:Datcheka
1261:Kousséri
1236:Blangoua
1181:Maroua I
1150:Cameroon
1142:Communes
729:"Makary"
414:(102.2)
409:(104.0)
404:(100.0)
295:Villages
270:Kousséri
191:-3152074
105:Cameroon
1443:Bourrha
1397:Touloum
1329:Kay-Hay
1319:Kai-Kai
1251:Goulfey
1246:Fotokol
1195:(urban)
1189:(urban)
1183:(urban)
1171:Dargala
1158:Diamaré
972:1193060
818:531–546
664:(15.7)
594:(67.9)
589:(56.8)
584:(62.1)
579:(69.4)
574:(72.0)
569:(71.8)
564:(73.4)
559:(75.4)
554:(76.3)
549:(74.1)
544:(67.5)
539:(60.6)
534:(55.9)
524:(81.5)
519:(73.6)
514:(78.4)
509:(83.5)
504:(82.0)
499:(79.9)
494:(82.4)
489:(86.9)
484:(89.2)
479:(89.1)
474:(83.7)
469:(77.4)
464:(72.1)
454:(95.2)
449:(90.3)
444:(94.8)
439:(97.7)
434:(92.1)
429:(88.2)
424:(91.6)
419:(98.6)
399:(94.1)
394:(88.5)
325:Climate
232:History
212:of the
96:Country
1468:Mozogo
1463:Mokolo
1458:Mogodé
1382:Mindif
1349:Yagoua
1324:Kalfou
1271:Makary
1176:Gawaza
1075:
1046:
970:
914:192657
912:
868:
824:
649:(0.5)
644:(2.7)
639:(5.5)
634:(4.5)
629:(1.5)
624:(0.8)
619:(0.2)
345:Month
255:prince
198:Makary
112:Region
1377:Kaélé
1314:Guere
1309:Gueme
1241:Darak
1209:Petté
677:Notes
384:Year
311:Goura
306:Biamo
222:Mpade
175:UTC+1
154:UTC+1
143:6,287
1453:Koza
1448:Hina
1420:Mora
1344:Wina
1334:Maga
1304:Gobo
1281:Zina
1276:Waza
1199:Meri
1166:Bogo
1101:2020
1073:ISBN
1069:1252
1044:ISBN
968:OCLC
910:OCLC
895:and
866:ISBN
822:ISBN
659:(0)
654:(0)
614:(0)
609:(0)
604:(0)
592:20.0
587:13.8
582:16.7
577:20.8
572:22.2
567:22.1
562:23.0
557:24.1
552:24.6
547:23.4
542:19.7
537:15.9
532:13.3
522:27.5
517:23.1
512:25.8
507:28.6
502:27.8
497:26.6
492:28.0
487:30.5
482:31.8
477:31.7
472:28.7
467:25.2
462:22.3
452:35.1
447:32.4
442:34.9
437:36.5
432:33.4
427:31.2
422:33.1
417:37.0
412:39.0
407:40.0
402:37.8
397:34.5
392:31.4
381:Dec
378:Nov
375:Oct
372:Sep
369:Aug
366:Jul
363:Jun
360:May
357:Apr
354:Mar
351:Feb
348:Jan
301:Bodo
179:CEST
1144:of
989:538
964:536
947:170
932:168
906:318
862:168
788:167
771:238
748:at
711:at
692:at
662:397
637:140
632:114
187:UFI
168:DST
158:CET
1490::
1148:,
1071:.
1042:.
1040:41
966:.
908:.
864:.
820:.
794:^
752:.
715:,
696:,
647:13
642:68
627:38
622:20
259:MĂ©
224:,
204:,
1134:e
1127:t
1120:v
1103:.
1081:.
1052:.
974:.
916:.
874:.
830:.
773:.
657:0
652:0
617:4
612:0
607:0
602:0
257:(
181:)
177:(
170:)
160:)
156:(
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