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Singh's action at both a basic, semantic level and a broader, organizational level signalled his intent to break free of the political and racial narrowness of daily life in colonial Kenya. To this end, biographer Nazmi
Durrani says, the union published its handouts in Kiswahili besides Punjabi, Gujarati and Urdu. This encourages us to believe that Makhan Singh's inclusion of Africans in his trade union activities was not merely symbolic and that he was determined to reach out to as wide a swathe of subjugated races as possible. He was arrested in 1943 and in January 1945, he was set free. Wasting no time, he took up work as a sub-editor at
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After having spoken out in clear and strong terms against
British occupation and colonial rule in Kenya on 23 April 1950 at Nairobi's Kaloleni Halls, Makhan Singh was arrested within 21 days on 15 May. He had inadvertently given the British colonial masters an opportunity to silence him. At a trial
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The Indian Trade Union was formed in 1934 and Makhan Singh elected its secretary not long after, in March 1935. Soon, Makhan Singh convinced his nearly 500 fellow unionists to change the name of their association to the Labour Trade Union of Kenya and open membership to all, regardless of race.
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While in jail he still organized strikes and fasts. Although the greatest feat of his power was from 1951 to 1955, where he issued the Sector
Nairobi, Kenya Trade Union to stop trading with Britain altogether. After he left jail in 1961 he was able to reset his Trade Union although
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Post-independence, Makhan Singh was left out of any national involvement. Heartbroken, he became a social recluse and directed his mind to writing the history of Kenya's trade unionism in his volumes. He died of a heart attack on 18 May 1973 at the age of 59.
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until 1947. Three
Punjabis Bishan Singh of village Gakhal Jalandhar, Ganesh Das and Yog Raj Bali of Rawalpindi were summarily tried and hanged to death in public in December 1915 for possessing and distributing
177:. He is credited to have played a vital role in the Kenyan Freedom Struggle. He was detained by the British colonialists for 11 years from 1950 to 1961 - the longest ever political detention in Kenya's history.
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In 1935, he formed the Labour Trade Union of Kenya and, in 1949, he and Fred Kubai formed the East
African Trade Union Congress, the first central organization of trade unions in Kenya.
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and him, at the time partners with the same respect in society, were able to negotiate with the
British to set up Kenya as a democracy, although he wanted it to be a Communist nation.
531:"Makhan Singh Every Inch A Fighter Reflections on Makhan Singh and the Trade Union Struggle in Kenya – Vita Books Notes & Quotes Study Guide Series No. 1 (2014) Nairobi"
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Chandan, Amarjit (2004). "Gopal Singh
Chandan: A Short Biography & Memoirs". Jalandhar: Punjab Centre for Migration Studies.
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454:"SILICONEER | INDEPENDENCE DAY SPECIAL: Patriot Everywhere: Makhan Singh (1913-1973) | AUGUST 2010 | Celebrating 11 Years"
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In Kenya he had done something unprecedented. In the month of April, Makhan Singh gave a call in
Nairobi for
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287:, Chanan Singh (later Justice Chanan Singh) defended him eloquently and with rigour. He was acquitted.
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567:"Sana Aiyar's 'Indians in Kenya' brings the politics affecting Indian diasporas out of the shadows"
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From
Mashada (Africa's online community): Contributions of Asians in Kenya—Mashan Singh
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Makhan Singh: A Revolutionary Kenyan Trade
Unionist by Vita Books – Ebook | Scribd
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where he as jailed in Gujarat Jail, he was freed after multiple fasts unto death.
362:"Unsung Punjabi Hero Who Fought for the Freedom of 2 Nations From The British"
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History of Kenya's Trade Union Movement, to 1952 and various Ghadar Magazines
592:"Surjeet Singh Panesar (Jr), Kenya's four-time Olympian passes away | FIH"
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which, since 1905, had functioned as the administrative capital of the
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Extensive review and commentary on the 2006 biography of Makhan Singh
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family. In 1927, at the age of 13, he moved with his family to
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leader who is credited with establishing the foundations of
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Indian Independence Movement and Kenyan Trade Union Movement
322:"Makhan Singh, Kenyan – SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia"
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504:"Play on icon's life to be staged on Sunday"
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360:Wangchuk, Rinchen Norbu (8 February 2021).
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347:"Kenya"
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