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Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix

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2255: 1414: 2250:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&{\begin{bmatrix}1&0&0\\0&c_{23}&s_{23}\\0&-s_{23}&c_{23}\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}c_{13}&0&s_{13}e^{-i\delta _{\mathrm {CP} }}\\0&1&0\\-s_{13}e^{i\delta _{\mathrm {CP} }}&0&c_{13}\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}c_{12}&s_{12}&0\\-s_{12}&c_{12}&0\\0&0&1\end{bmatrix}}\\&={\begin{bmatrix}c_{12}c_{13}&s_{12}c_{13}&s_{13}e^{-i\delta _{\mathrm {CP} }}\\-s_{12}c_{23}-c_{12}s_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta _{\mathrm {CP} }}&c_{12}c_{23}-s_{12}s_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta _{\mathrm {CP} }}&s_{23}c_{13}\\s_{12}s_{23}-c_{12}c_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta _{\mathrm {CP} }}&-c_{12}s_{23}-s_{12}c_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta _{\mathrm {CP} }}&c_{23}c_{13}\end{bmatrix}},\end{aligned}}} 1117: 2768: 761: 2490: 3263: 1112:{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}~\nu _{\mathrm {e} }\\~\nu _{\mu }\\~\nu _{\tau }~\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}~U_{\mathrm {e} 1}~&~U_{\mathrm {e} 2}~&~U_{\mathrm {e} 3}\\~U_{\mu 1}&~U_{\mu 2}~&~U_{\mu 3}\\~U_{\tau 1}~&~U_{\tau 2}~&~U_{\tau 3}\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}~\nu _{1}\\~\nu _{2}\\~\nu _{3}~\end{bmatrix}}~.} 2763:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\theta _{12}&={33.41^{\circ }}_{-0.72^{\circ }}^{+0.75^{\circ }}\\\theta _{23}&={49.1^{\circ }}_{-1.3^{\circ }}^{+1.0^{\circ }}\\\theta _{13}&={8.54^{\circ }}_{-0.12^{\circ }}^{+0.11^{\circ }}\\\delta _{\textrm {CP}}&={197^{\circ }}_{-25^{\circ }}^{+42^{\circ }}\\\end{aligned}}} 1279:
There are also additional mass parameters and mixing angles in a simple extension of the PMNS matrix in which there are more than three flavors of neutrinos, regardless of the character of neutrino mass. As of July 2014, scientists studying neutrino oscillation are actively considering fits of
1288:
In general, there are nine degrees of freedom in any unitary three by three matrix. However, in the case of the PMNS matrix, five of those real parameters can be absorbed as phases of the lepton fields and thus the PMNS matrix can be fully described by four free parameters. The PMNS matrix is most
2782: 1267:
In other models the PMNS matrix is not necessarily unitary, and additional parameters are necessary to describe all possible neutrino mixing parameters in other models of neutrino oscillation and mass generation, such as the see-saw model, and in general, in the case of neutrinos that have
1122:
The vector on the left represents a generic neutrino expressed in the flavor-eigenstate basis, and on the right is the PMNS matrix multiplied by a vector representing that same neutrino in the mass-eigenstate basis. A neutrino of a given flavor
1406:(i.e. differences in the rates of oscillation between two states with opposite starting points which makes the order in time in which events take place necessary to predict their oscillation rates), in which case the matrix can be written as: 1258:
In the simplest case, the Standard Model posits three generations of neutrinos with Dirac mass that oscillate between three neutrino mass eigenvalues, an assumption that is made when best fit values for its parameters are calculated.
3529:) at a statistical significance of more than five standard deviations. Tribimaximal neutrino mixing was a common assumption in theoretical physics papers analyzing neutrino oscillation before more precise measurements were available. 3606: 3258:{\displaystyle |U|={\begin{bmatrix}~|U_{\mathrm {e} 1}|~&|U_{\mathrm {e} 2}|~&|U_{\mathrm {e} 3}|\\~|U_{\mu 1}|~&|U_{\mu 2}|~&|U_{\mu 3}|\\~|U_{\tau 1}|~&|U_{\tau 2}|~&|U_{\tau 3}|~\end{bmatrix}}=\left} 3667: 1280:
the experimental neutrino oscillation data to an extended PMNS matrix with a fourth, light "sterile" neutrino and four mass eigenvalues, although the current experimental data tends to disfavor that possibility.
1255:. This implies that the sum of the squares of the values in each row and in each column, which represent the probabilities of different possible events given the same starting point, add up to 100%. 3781: 3444: 2495: 1419: 1214: 3275:
These best fit values imply that there is much more neutrino mixing than there is mixing between the quark flavors in the CKM matrix (in the CKM matrix, the corresponding mixing angles are
3487: 3527: 2474: 1400: 473: 2392: 2356: 3385: 3345: 3305: 2429: 674: 1368: 1341: 1314: 527: 741: 714: 500: 340: 4075:
Gonzalez-Garcia, M.C.; Maltoni, Michele; Salvado, Jordi; Schwetz, Thomas (21 December 2012). "Global fit to three neutrino mixing: Critical look at present precision".
628: 601: 574: 2394:
respectively. In the case of Majorana neutrinos, two extra complex phases are needed, as the phase of Majorana fields cannot be freely redefined due to the condition
1141: 2320: 2290: 1168: 3535: 3689: 2434: 1235: 304: 3877:
Esmaili, Arman; Kemp, Ernesto; Peres, O.L.G.; Tabrizi, Zahra (30 Oct 2013). "Probing light sterile neutrinos in medium baseline reactor experiments".
3611: 3995: 333: 1143:
is thus a "mixed" state of neutrinos with distinct mass: If one could measure directly that neutrino's mass, it would be found to have mass
2484:
As of November 2022, the current best-fit values from Nu-FIT.org, from direct and indirect measurements, using normal ordering, are:
314: 326: 3742: 631: 4077: 3405: 439: 1234:, it is much more difficult to determine the individual coefficients than in the equivalent matrix for the quarks (the 1173: 33: 3932:
An, F.P.; et al. (Daya Bay collaboration) (27 July 2014). "Search for a light sterile neutrino at Daya Bay".
3448: 3491: 2447: 1373: 4152: 4104: 3841: 71: 4051:
Esteban, Ivan; Gonzalez Garcia, Concha; Maltoni, Michele; Schwetz, Thomas; Albert, Zhou (November 2022).
449: 642: 2361: 2325: 4096: 4014: 3951: 3898: 3833: 3751: 3679: 3608:
is very difficult to measure, and is the object of ongoing research; however the current constraint
3359: 3319: 3279: 415: 407: 4109: 3846: 2476:
has not been measured directly, but estimates can be obtained by fits using the other measurements.
2398: 648: 641:
Consequently, each flavor eigenstate can be written as a combination of mass eigenstates, called a "
3795: 3399: 1252: 1346: 1319: 1292: 505: 4142: 4122: 4086: 4030: 4004: 3975: 3941: 3914: 3888: 3859: 3823: 719: 679: 478: 411: 3967: 3879: 1231: 606: 579: 552: 542: 443: 1126: 634:. Observations of neutrino oscillation established experimentally that for neutrinos, as for 4147: 4114: 4022: 3959: 3906: 3851: 3759: 3713: 2295: 2265: 1269: 534: 423: 403: 354: 236: 38: 2433:
An infinite number of possible parameterizations exist; one other common example being the
1146: 17: 2441: 153: 4100: 4018: 3955: 3902: 3837: 3755: 435: 419: 388: 46: 3779:
Pontecorvo, B. (1957). "Inverse beta processes and nonconservation of lepton charge".
3089: 4136: 4126: 4026: 3918: 3863: 3684: 1273: 395: 128: 119: 3979: 4034: 3963: 3601:{\displaystyle \delta _{\textrm {CP}}={197^{\circ }}_{-25^{\circ }}^{+42^{\circ }}} 1403: 1224: 1220: 391: 137: 638:, these two eigenbases are different – they are 'rotated' relative to each other. 2777:
ranges (99.7% confidence) for the magnitudes of the elements of the matrix were:
4118: 3662:{\displaystyle \,{169^{\circ }}\leq \delta _{\textrm {CP}}\leq {246^{\circ }}\,} 538: 182: 80: 3910: 3669:
in the vicinity of 180° shows a clear bias in favor of charge-parity violation.
546: 162: 98: 279: 3971: 399: 382: 4009: 3764: 3737: 89: 55: 3855: 2440:
The mixing angles have been measured by a variety of experiments (see
635: 530: 375: 4052: 755:"; parameterizes the unitary transformation between the two bases: 4091: 3946: 3893: 3828: 3814:
Kayser, Boris (13 February 2014). "Are there sterile neutrinos?".
545:
for the Standard Model neutrino. Similarly, one can construct an
3738:"Remarks on the unified model of elementary particles" 2807: 1773: 1669: 1522: 1428: 1042: 841: 770: 402:
when they propagate freely and when they take part in
3614: 3538: 3494: 3451: 3408: 3362: 3322: 3282: 2785: 2493: 2450: 2401: 2364: 2328: 2298: 2268: 1417: 1376: 1349: 1322: 1295: 1176: 1149: 1129: 764: 722: 682: 651: 609: 582: 555: 508: 481: 452: 3439:{\displaystyle \theta _{12}\approx 35.3^{\circ }\,,} 645:", and vice versa. The PMNS matrix, with components 529:, each labeled with a subscript showing the charged 422:, to explain the neutrino oscillations predicted by 3993:Valle, J.W.F. (2006). "Neutrino physics overview". 3661: 3600: 3521: 3481: 3438: 3379: 3339: 3299: 3257: 2762: 2468: 2423: 2386: 2350: 2314: 2284: 2249: 1394: 1362: 1335: 1308: 1208: 1162: 1135: 1111: 735: 708: 676:corresponding to the amplitude of mass eigenstate 668: 622: 595: 568: 521: 494: 467: 3782:Zhurnal Éksperimental'noĭ i Teoreticheskoĭ Fiziki 630:, which diagonalize the neutrino's free-particle 1289:commonly parameterized by three mixing angles ( 1223:is identical to the matrix for neutrinos under 1209:{\displaystyle \left|U_{\alpha \,i}\right|^{2}} 549:out of three neutrino states of definite mass, 394:which contains information on the mismatch of 3268:Notes regarding the best fit parameter values 334: 8: 3736:Maki, Z.; Nakagawa, M.; Sakata, S. (1962). 3482:{\displaystyle \theta _{23}=45^{\circ }\,,} 2444:for a description). The CP-violating phase 1251:In the Standard Model, the PMNS matrix is 732: 705: 341: 327: 29: 4108: 4090: 4059:. Three-neutrino fit (NuFIT 5.2 ed.) 4008: 3945: 3892: 3845: 3827: 3763: 3658: 3651: 3646: 3636: 3635: 3621: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3590: 3582: 3575: 3567: 3560: 3555: 3544: 3543: 3537: 3522:{\displaystyle \theta _{13}=0^{\circ }\,} 3518: 3512: 3499: 3493: 3475: 3469: 3456: 3450: 3432: 3426: 3413: 3407: 3376: 3367: 3361: 3336: 3327: 3321: 3296: 3287: 3281: 3088: 3065: 3056: 3047: 3037: 3028: 3019: 3009: 3000: 2991: 2979: 2970: 2961: 2951: 2942: 2933: 2923: 2914: 2905: 2893: 2883: 2882: 2873: 2863: 2853: 2852: 2843: 2833: 2823: 2822: 2813: 2802: 2794: 2786: 2784: 2748: 2740: 2733: 2725: 2718: 2713: 2698: 2697: 2681: 2673: 2666: 2658: 2651: 2646: 2632: 2616: 2608: 2601: 2593: 2586: 2581: 2567: 2551: 2543: 2536: 2528: 2521: 2516: 2502: 2494: 2492: 2456: 2455: 2449: 2412: 2400: 2375: 2363: 2339: 2327: 2303: 2297: 2273: 2267: 2226: 2216: 2198: 2197: 2189: 2179: 2169: 2159: 2146: 2136: 2115: 2114: 2106: 2096: 2086: 2076: 2063: 2053: 2039: 2029: 2011: 2010: 2002: 1992: 1982: 1972: 1959: 1949: 1931: 1930: 1922: 1912: 1902: 1892: 1879: 1869: 1846: 1845: 1834: 1824: 1812: 1802: 1790: 1780: 1768: 1722: 1710: 1688: 1676: 1664: 1650: 1627: 1626: 1618: 1608: 1568: 1567: 1556: 1546: 1529: 1517: 1503: 1491: 1469: 1457: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1382: 1381: 1375: 1354: 1348: 1327: 1321: 1300: 1294: 1200: 1190: 1186: 1175: 1154: 1148: 1128: 1086: 1069: 1052: 1037: 1020: 999: 978: 958: 937: 919: 898: 897: 875: 874: 852: 851: 836: 816: 799: 781: 780: 765: 763: 721: 683: 681: 660: 656: 650: 614: 608: 587: 581: 560: 554: 541:of the weak interaction form a complete, 513: 507: 486: 480: 458: 457: 451: 2480:Experimentally measured parameter values 410:. This matrix was introduced in 1962 by 4046: 4044: 3728: 3701: 2469:{\displaystyle \delta _{\mathrm {CP} }} 1395:{\displaystyle \delta _{\mathrm {CP} }} 296: 174: 111: 44: 32: 3708:Note however, that the PMNS matrix is 359:Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix 3996:Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2773:As of November 2022, the 3  7: 3398:These values are inconsistent with 468:{\displaystyle \nu _{\mathrm {e} }} 438:of particle physics contains three 2884: 2854: 2824: 2460: 2457: 2202: 2199: 2119: 2116: 2015: 2012: 1935: 1932: 1850: 1847: 1631: 1628: 1572: 1569: 1386: 1383: 1370:) and a single phase angle called 899: 876: 853: 782: 459: 25: 2387:{\displaystyle \cos \theta _{ij}} 2351:{\displaystyle \sin \theta _{ij}} 3690:Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix 535:charged-current weak interaction 3743:Progress of Theoretical Physics 3380:{\displaystyle \theta _{13}=\,} 3340:{\displaystyle \theta _{23}=\,} 3300:{\displaystyle \theta _{12}=\,} 4078:Journal of High Energy Physics 3964:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.141802 3818:. AIP Conference Proceedings. 3066: 3048: 3038: 3020: 3010: 2992: 2980: 2962: 2952: 2934: 2924: 2906: 2894: 2874: 2864: 2844: 2834: 2814: 2795: 2787: 2424:{\displaystyle \nu =\nu ^{c}~} 669:{\displaystyle U_{\alpha \,i}} 1: 3791:reproduced and translated in 533:that it partners with in the 27:Model of neutrino oscillation 3400:tribimaximal neutrino mixing 2435:Wolfenstein parameterization 1363:{\displaystyle \theta _{13}} 1336:{\displaystyle \theta _{23}} 1309:{\displaystyle \theta _{12}} 522:{\displaystyle \nu _{\tau }} 3793:Pontecorvo, B. (1958). "". 1230:Due to the difficulties of 736:{\displaystyle ~\alpha =\;} 709:{\displaystyle \,i=1,2,3\;} 495:{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }} 367:Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix 18:Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix 4169: 4027:10.1088/1742-6596/53/1/031 3911:10.1103/PhysRevD.88.073012 1404:charge-parity violations 623:{\displaystyle \nu _{3}} 596:{\displaystyle \nu _{2}} 569:{\displaystyle \nu _{1}} 4119:10.1007/JHEP12(2012)123 3934:Physical Review Letters 1136:{\displaystyle \alpha } 315:Flavour complementarity 112:Related quantum numbers 3663: 3602: 3523: 3483: 3440: 3381: 3341: 3301: 3259: 2764: 2470: 2425: 2388: 2352: 2316: 2315:{\displaystyle c_{ij}} 2286: 2285:{\displaystyle s_{ij}} 2251: 1396: 1364: 1337: 1310: 1210: 1164: 1137: 1113: 737: 710: 670: 624: 597: 570: 523: 496: 469: 3664: 3603: 3524: 3484: 3441: 3382: 3342: 3302: 3260: 2765: 2471: 2426: 2389: 2353: 2317: 2287: 2252: 1397: 1365: 1338: 1311: 1211: 1165: 1163:{\displaystyle m_{i}} 1138: 1114: 738: 711: 671: 625: 598: 571: 524: 497: 470: 3680:Neutrino oscillation 3612: 3536: 3492: 3449: 3406: 3360: 3320: 3280: 2783: 2491: 2448: 2399: 2362: 2326: 2296: 2266: 1415: 1374: 1347: 1320: 1293: 1219:The PMNS matrix for 1174: 1147: 1127: 762: 720: 680: 649: 607: 580: 553: 506: 479: 450: 408:neutrino oscillation 4101:2012JHEP...12..123G 4019:2006JPhCS..53..473V 3956:2014PhRvL.113n1802A 3903:2013PhRvD..88g3012E 3838:2014AIPC.1604..201K 3796:Soviet Physics JETP 3756:1962PThPh..28..870M 3597: 2755: 2688: 2623: 2558: 2322:are used to denote 1232:detecting neutrinos 716:in terms of flavor 406:. It is a model of 4053:"Parameter ranges" 3765:10.1143/PTP.28.870 3659: 3598: 3554: 3519: 3479: 3436: 3377: 3337: 3297: 3255: 3249: 3075: 2760: 2758: 2712: 2645: 2580: 2515: 2466: 2421: 2384: 2348: 2312: 2282: 2247: 2245: 2234: 1752: 1658: 1511: 1392: 1360: 1333: 1306: 1206: 1160: 1133: 1109: 1097: 1031: 827: 733: 706: 666: 620: 593: 566: 519: 492: 465: 3880:Physical Review D 3856:10.1063/1.4883431 3639: 3547: 3246: 3232: 3229: 3215: 3212: 3200: 3193: 3179: 3176: 3162: 3159: 3147: 3140: 3126: 3123: 3109: 3106: 3094: 3072: 3044: 3016: 2990: 2958: 2930: 2904: 2870: 2840: 2812: 2701: 2420: 1170:with probability 1105: 1094: 1081: 1064: 1047: 1015: 1010: 994: 989: 973: 953: 948: 932: 914: 892: 887: 869: 864: 846: 824: 811: 794: 775: 725: 543:orthonormal basis 404:weak interactions 351: 350: 16:(Redirected from 4160: 4130: 4112: 4094: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4048: 4039: 4038: 4012: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3949: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3896: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3849: 3831: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3790: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3733: 3717: 3706: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3642: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3627: 3626: 3625: 3607: 3605: 3604: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3594: 3581: 3580: 3579: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3550: 3549: 3548: 3545: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3504: 3503: 3488: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3461: 3460: 3445: 3443: 3442: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3418: 3417: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3306: 3304: 3303: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3264: 3262: 3261: 3256: 3254: 3250: 3244: 3230: 3227: 3213: 3210: 3198: 3191: 3177: 3174: 3160: 3157: 3145: 3138: 3124: 3121: 3107: 3104: 3092: 3080: 3079: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3063: 3051: 3042: 3041: 3036: 3035: 3023: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3007: 2995: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2977: 2965: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2949: 2937: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2921: 2909: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2877: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2847: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2817: 2810: 2798: 2790: 2776: 2769: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2657: 2656: 2655: 2637: 2636: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2572: 2571: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2542: 2541: 2540: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2507: 2506: 2475: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2393: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2382: 2357: 2355: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2346: 2321: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2310: 2291: 2289: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2280: 2256: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2246: 2239: 2238: 2231: 2230: 2221: 2220: 2209: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2184: 2183: 2174: 2173: 2164: 2163: 2151: 2150: 2141: 2140: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2122: 2101: 2100: 2091: 2090: 2081: 2080: 2068: 2067: 2058: 2057: 2044: 2043: 2034: 2033: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2018: 1997: 1996: 1987: 1986: 1977: 1976: 1964: 1963: 1954: 1953: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1917: 1916: 1907: 1906: 1897: 1896: 1884: 1883: 1874: 1873: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1829: 1828: 1817: 1816: 1807: 1806: 1795: 1794: 1785: 1784: 1761: 1757: 1756: 1727: 1726: 1715: 1714: 1693: 1692: 1681: 1680: 1663: 1662: 1655: 1654: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1613: 1612: 1579: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1551: 1550: 1534: 1533: 1516: 1515: 1508: 1507: 1496: 1495: 1474: 1473: 1462: 1461: 1421: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1369: 1367: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1358: 1342: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1332: 1331: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1305: 1304: 1284:Parameterization 1215: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1195: 1194: 1169: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1159: 1158: 1142: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1110: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1062: 1057: 1056: 1045: 1036: 1035: 1028: 1027: 1013: 1008: 1007: 1006: 992: 987: 986: 985: 971: 966: 965: 951: 946: 945: 944: 930: 927: 926: 912: 907: 906: 902: 890: 885: 884: 883: 879: 867: 862: 861: 860: 856: 844: 832: 831: 822: 821: 820: 809: 804: 803: 792: 787: 786: 785: 773: 754: 750: 746: 742: 740: 739: 734: 723: 715: 713: 712: 707: 675: 673: 672: 667: 665: 664: 629: 627: 626: 621: 619: 618: 602: 600: 599: 594: 592: 591: 575: 573: 572: 567: 565: 564: 528: 526: 525: 520: 518: 517: 501: 499: 498: 493: 491: 490: 474: 472: 471: 466: 464: 463: 462: 446:" of neutrinos, 424:Bruno Pontecorvo 355:particle physics 343: 336: 329: 237:Weak hypercharge 39:particle physics 30: 21: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4133: 4132: 4110:10.1.1.762.7366 4074: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4050: 4049: 4042: 3992: 3991: 3987: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3847:10.1.1.761.2915 3813: 3812: 3808: 3792: 3778: 3777: 3773: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3720: 3712:unitary in the 3707: 3703: 3698: 3676: 3647: 3631: 3617: 3610: 3609: 3586: 3571: 3556: 3539: 3534: 3533: 3508: 3495: 3490: 3489: 3465: 3452: 3447: 3446: 3422: 3409: 3404: 3403: 3389: 3387: 3363: 3358: 3357: 3356: 3349: 3347: 3323: 3318: 3317: 3316: 3309: 3307: 3283: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3248: 3247: 3233: 3216: 3195: 3194: 3180: 3163: 3142: 3141: 3127: 3110: 3084: 3074: 3073: 3052: 3045: 3024: 3017: 2996: 2985: 2984: 2966: 2959: 2938: 2931: 2910: 2899: 2898: 2878: 2871: 2848: 2841: 2818: 2803: 2781: 2780: 2774: 2757: 2756: 2744: 2729: 2714: 2705: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2677: 2662: 2647: 2638: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2612: 2597: 2582: 2573: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2547: 2532: 2517: 2508: 2498: 2489: 2488: 2482: 2451: 2446: 2445: 2442:neutrino mixing 2408: 2397: 2396: 2395: 2371: 2360: 2359: 2335: 2324: 2323: 2299: 2294: 2293: 2269: 2264: 2263: 2244: 2243: 2233: 2232: 2222: 2212: 2210: 2193: 2185: 2175: 2165: 2155: 2142: 2132: 2127: 2110: 2102: 2092: 2082: 2072: 2059: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2035: 2025: 2023: 2006: 1998: 1988: 1978: 1968: 1955: 1945: 1943: 1926: 1918: 1908: 1898: 1888: 1875: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1841: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1808: 1798: 1796: 1786: 1776: 1769: 1759: 1758: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1718: 1716: 1706: 1700: 1699: 1694: 1684: 1682: 1672: 1665: 1657: 1656: 1646: 1644: 1639: 1622: 1614: 1604: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1581: 1580: 1563: 1552: 1542: 1540: 1535: 1525: 1518: 1510: 1509: 1499: 1497: 1487: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1465: 1463: 1453: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1424: 1413: 1412: 1377: 1372: 1371: 1350: 1345: 1344: 1323: 1318: 1317: 1296: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1265: 1249: 1244: 1182: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1171: 1150: 1145: 1144: 1125: 1124: 1096: 1095: 1082: 1076: 1075: 1065: 1059: 1058: 1048: 1038: 1030: 1029: 1016: 1011: 995: 990: 974: 968: 967: 954: 949: 933: 928: 915: 909: 908: 893: 888: 870: 865: 847: 837: 826: 825: 812: 806: 805: 795: 789: 788: 776: 766: 760: 759: 752: 748: 744: 718: 717: 678: 677: 652: 647: 646: 610: 605: 604: 583: 578: 577: 556: 551: 550: 509: 504: 503: 482: 477: 476: 453: 448: 447: 432: 430:The PMNS matrix 416:Masami Nakagawa 347: 277: 264: 253: 245: 230: 154:Electric charge 150: 68: 47:quantum numbers 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4166: 4164: 4156: 4155: 4153:Standard Model 4150: 4145: 4135: 4134: 4071: 4070: 4040: 4010:hep-ph/0608101 4003:(1): 473–505. 3985: 3940:(14): 141802. 3924: 3869: 3822:(1): 201–203. 3806: 3771: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3670: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3620: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3542: 3530: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3498: 3478: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3459: 3455: 3435: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3412: 3396: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3335: 3330: 3326: 3295: 3290: 3286: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3253: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2771: 2770: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2721: 2717: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2654: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2626: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2589: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2481: 2478: 2462: 2459: 2454: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2367: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2257: 2242: 2237: 2229: 2225: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2201: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2182: 2178: 2172: 2168: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2121: 2118: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2099: 2095: 2089: 2085: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2038: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2017: 2014: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1995: 1991: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1937: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1915: 1911: 1905: 1901: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1852: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1755: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1661: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1633: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1574: 1571: 1566: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1523: 1521: 1514: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1388: 1385: 1380: 1357: 1353: 1330: 1326: 1303: 1299: 1285: 1282: 1264: 1261: 1248: 1247:Standard Model 1245: 1243: 1240: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1157: 1153: 1132: 1120: 1119: 1108: 1100: 1089: 1085: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1051: 1044: 1043: 1041: 1034: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1012: 1005: 1002: 998: 991: 984: 981: 977: 970: 969: 964: 961: 957: 950: 943: 940: 936: 929: 925: 922: 918: 911: 910: 905: 901: 896: 889: 882: 878: 873: 866: 859: 855: 850: 843: 842: 840: 835: 830: 819: 815: 808: 807: 802: 798: 791: 790: 784: 779: 772: 771: 769: 731: 728: 704: 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 686: 663: 659: 655: 617: 613: 590: 586: 563: 559: 537:. These three 516: 512: 489: 485: 461: 456: 436:Standard Model 431: 428: 420:Shoichi Sakata 396:quantum states 349: 348: 346: 345: 338: 331: 323: 320: 319: 318: 317: 312: 307: 299: 298: 297:Flavour mixing 294: 293: 292: 291: 290: 289: 275: 266: 262: 251: 243: 234: 233: 232: 228: 215: 177: 176: 172: 171: 170: 169: 160: 151: 148: 135: 126: 114: 113: 109: 108: 107: 106: 96: 87: 78: 69: 66: 50: 49: 42: 41: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4165: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4131: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3989: 3986: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3887:(7): 073012. 3886: 3882: 3881: 3873: 3870: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3810: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3788: 3784: 3783: 3775: 3772: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3732: 3729: 3723: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3685:Koide formula 3683: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3618: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3540: 3532:The value of 3531: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3496: 3476: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3453: 3433: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3410: 3401: 3397: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3293: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3265: 3251: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3032: 3029: 3025: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2918: 2915: 2911: 2888: 2879: 2858: 2849: 2828: 2819: 2804: 2799: 2791: 2778: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2715: 2709: 2707: 2694: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2648: 2642: 2640: 2633: 2629: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2575: 2568: 2564: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2522: 2518: 2512: 2510: 2503: 2499: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2479: 2477: 2452: 2443: 2438: 2436: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2402: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2343: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2329: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2240: 2235: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2213: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2176: 2170: 2166: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2097: 2093: 2087: 2083: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2050: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2026: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1993: 1989: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1956: 1950: 1946: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1909: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1825: 1821: 1813: 1809: 1803: 1799: 1791: 1787: 1781: 1777: 1770: 1765: 1763: 1753: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1730: 1723: 1719: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1696: 1689: 1685: 1677: 1673: 1666: 1659: 1651: 1647: 1641: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1547: 1543: 1537: 1530: 1526: 1519: 1512: 1504: 1500: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1470: 1466: 1458: 1454: 1448: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1425: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1378: 1355: 1351: 1328: 1324: 1301: 1297: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1270:Majorana mass 1262: 1260: 1256: 1254: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1221:antineutrinos 1217: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1155: 1151: 1130: 1106: 1098: 1087: 1083: 1070: 1066: 1053: 1049: 1039: 1032: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1003: 1000: 996: 982: 979: 975: 962: 959: 955: 941: 938: 934: 923: 920: 916: 903: 894: 880: 871: 857: 848: 838: 833: 828: 817: 813: 800: 796: 777: 767: 758: 757: 756: 729: 726: 702: 699: 696: 693: 690: 687: 684: 661: 657: 653: 644: 643:superposition 639: 637: 633: 615: 611: 588: 584: 561: 557: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 514: 510: 487: 483: 454: 445: 441: 437: 429: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 392:mixing matrix 390: 386: 385:mixing matrix 384: 379: 378:mixing matrix 377: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 344: 339: 337: 332: 330: 325: 324: 322: 321: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 302: 301: 300: 295: 287: 286: 282: 274: 270: 267: 261: 257: 250: 247: 246: 242: 238: 235: 227: 223: 219: 216: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 190: 189: 188: 184: 181: 180: 179: 178: 173: 168: 164: 161: 159: 155: 152: 147: 143: 139: 136: 134: 130: 129:Lepton number 127: 125: 121: 120:Baryon number 118: 117: 116: 115: 110: 104: 100: 97: 95: 91: 88: 86: 82: 79: 77: 73: 70: 65: 61: 57: 54: 53: 52: 51: 48: 43: 40: 35: 31: 19: 4082: 4076: 4073: 4061:. Retrieved 4056: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3819: 3815: 3809: 3800: 3794: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3747: 3741: 3731: 3714:seesaw model 3709: 3704: 2779: 2772: 2483: 2439: 2261: 1287: 1278: 1272:rather than 1266: 1263:Other models 1257: 1250: 1229: 1225:CPT symmetry 1218: 1121: 640: 433: 381: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 352: 309: 284: 280: 272: 268: 259: 255: 248: 240: 225: 221: 217: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 186: 175:Combinations 166: 157: 145: 141: 138:Weak isospin 132: 123: 102: 93: 84: 75: 63: 59: 4085:(12): 123. 3816:Dark Matter 1402:related to 1242:Assumptions 632:Hamiltonian 539:eigenstates 440:generations 363:PMNS matrix 310:PMNS matrix 183:Hypercharge 81:Strangeness 4137:Categories 3750:(5): 870. 3724:References 1274:Dirac mass 1236:CKM matrix 547:eigenbasis 371:MNS matrix 305:CKM matrix 210:′ + 99:Bottomness 4143:Neutrinos 4127:118566415 4105:CiteSeerX 4092:1209.3023 4057:NuFIT.org 3947:1407.7259 3919:119208413 3894:1308.6218 3864:119182490 3842:CiteSeerX 3829:1402.3028 3653:∘ 3644:≤ 3633:δ 3629:≤ 3623:∘ 3592:∘ 3577:∘ 3569:− 3562:∘ 3541:δ 3514:∘ 3497:θ 3471:∘ 3454:θ 3428:∘ 3420:≈ 3411:θ 3365:θ 3325:θ 3285:θ 3239:∼ 3222:∼ 3205:∼ 3186:∼ 3169:∼ 3152:∼ 3133:∼ 3116:∼ 3099:∼ 3058:τ 3030:τ 3002:τ 2972:μ 2944:μ 2916:μ 2750:∘ 2735:∘ 2727:− 2720:∘ 2695:δ 2683:∘ 2668:∘ 2660:− 2653:∘ 2630:θ 2618:∘ 2603:∘ 2595:− 2588:∘ 2565:θ 2553:∘ 2538:∘ 2530:− 2523:∘ 2500:θ 2453:δ 2410:ν 2403:ν 2373:θ 2369:⁡ 2337:θ 2333:⁡ 2195:δ 2153:− 2130:− 2112:δ 2070:− 2008:δ 1966:− 1928:δ 1886:− 1863:− 1843:δ 1836:− 1704:− 1624:δ 1602:− 1565:δ 1558:− 1485:− 1379:δ 1352:θ 1325:θ 1298:θ 1188:α 1131:α 1084:ν 1067:ν 1050:ν 1022:τ 1001:τ 980:τ 960:μ 939:μ 921:μ 818:τ 814:ν 801:μ 797:ν 778:ν 727:α 658:α 612:ν 585:ν 558:ν 515:τ 511:ν 488:μ 484:ν 455:ν 412:Ziro Maki 400:neutrinos 4063:29 March 3980:10500157 3972:25325631 3674:See also 383:neutrino 163:X-charge 45:Flavour 4148:Leptons 4097:Bibcode 4035:2094005 4015:Bibcode 3952:Bibcode 3899:Bibcode 3834:Bibcode 3752:Bibcode 1253:unitary 444:flavors 389:unitary 105:′ 90:Topness 56:Isospin 34:Flavour 4125:  4107:  4033:  3978:  3970:  3917:  3862:  3844:  3803:: 172. 3789:: 247. 3402:(i.e. 3392:0.011° 3388:0.201° 3308:13.04° 3245:  3231:  3228:  3214:  3211:  3199:  3192:  3178:  3175:  3161:  3158:  3146:  3139:  3125:  3122:  3108:  3105:  3093:  3071:  3043:  3015:  2989:  2957:  2929:  2903:  2869:  2839:  2811:  2775:σ 2419:  2262:where 1343:, and 1104:  1093:  1080:  1063:  1046:  1014:  1009:  993:  988:  972:  952:  947:  931:  913:  891:  886:  868:  863:  845:  823:  810:  793:  774:  724:  636:quarks 603:, and 531:lepton 502:, and 418:, and 376:lepton 357:, the 4123:S2CID 4087:arXiv 4031:S2CID 4005:arXiv 3976:S2CID 3942:arXiv 3915:S2CID 3889:arXiv 3860:S2CID 3824:arXiv 3696:Notes 3352:0.06° 3348:2.38° 3312:0.05° 3242:0.762 3236:0.610 3225:0.702 3219:0.473 3208:0.525 3202:0.262 3189:0.779 3183:0.630 3172:0.693 3166:0.460 3155:0.505 3149:0.233 3136:0.155 3130:0.142 3119:0.578 3113:0.514 3102:0.845 3096:0.803 2519:33.41 387:is a 380:, or 278:= 5 ( 254:= 2 ( 220:= 2 ( 72:Charm 4083:2012 4065:2023 3968:PMID 3820:1604 3424:35.3 2679:0.11 2664:0.12 2649:8.54 2584:49.1 2549:0.75 2534:0.72 2358:and 2292:and 751:", " 747:", " 442:or " 434:The 4115:doi 4023:doi 3960:doi 3938:113 3907:doi 3852:doi 3760:doi 3710:not 3649:246 3619:169 3558:197 2716:197 2614:1.0 2599:1.3 2366:cos 2330:sin 1238:). 398:of 373:), 365:), 353:In 271:+ 2 194:= ( 144:or 62:or 4139:: 4121:. 4113:. 4103:. 4095:. 4081:. 4055:. 4043:^ 4029:. 4021:. 4013:. 4001:53 3999:. 3974:. 3966:. 3958:. 3950:. 3936:. 3913:. 3905:. 3897:. 3885:88 3883:. 3858:. 3850:. 3840:. 3832:. 3799:. 3787:34 3785:. 3758:. 3748:28 3746:. 3740:. 3638:CP 3588:42 3573:25 3546:CP 3501:13 3467:45 3458:23 3415:12 3395:). 3369:13 3329:23 3289:12 2746:42 2731:25 2700:CP 2634:13 2569:23 2504:12 2437:. 2228:13 2218:23 2181:13 2171:23 2161:12 2148:23 2138:12 2098:13 2088:23 2078:12 2065:23 2055:12 2041:13 2031:23 1994:13 1984:23 1974:12 1961:23 1951:12 1914:13 1904:23 1894:12 1881:23 1871:12 1826:13 1814:13 1804:12 1792:13 1782:12 1724:12 1712:12 1690:12 1678:12 1652:13 1610:13 1548:13 1531:13 1505:23 1493:23 1471:23 1459:23 1356:13 1329:23 1316:, 1302:12 1276:. 1227:. 1216:. 576:, 475:, 426:. 414:, 283:− 258:− 239:: 224:− 206:+ 202:+ 198:+ 185:: 165:: 156:: 140:: 131:: 122:: 101:: 92:: 83:: 74:: 58:: 36:in 4129:. 4117:: 4099:: 4089:: 4067:. 4037:. 4025:: 4017:: 4007:: 3982:. 3962:: 3954:: 3944:: 3921:. 3909:: 3901:: 3891:: 3866:. 3854:: 3836:: 3826:: 3801:7 3768:. 3762:: 3754:: 3716:. 3584:+ 3552:= 3510:0 3506:= 3477:, 3463:= 3434:, 3390:± 3374:= 3354:, 3350:± 3334:= 3314:, 3310:± 3294:= 3252:] 3086:[ 3082:= 3077:] 3067:| 3061:3 3054:U 3049:| 3039:| 3033:2 3026:U 3021:| 3011:| 3005:1 2998:U 2993:| 2981:| 2975:3 2968:U 2963:| 2953:| 2947:2 2940:U 2935:| 2925:| 2919:1 2912:U 2907:| 2895:| 2889:3 2885:e 2880:U 2875:| 2865:| 2859:2 2855:e 2850:U 2845:| 2835:| 2829:1 2825:e 2820:U 2815:| 2805:[ 2800:= 2796:| 2792:U 2788:| 2742:+ 2710:= 2675:+ 2643:= 2610:+ 2578:= 2545:+ 2513:= 2461:P 2458:C 2431:. 2414:c 2406:= 2380:j 2377:i 2344:j 2341:i 2308:j 2305:i 2301:c 2278:j 2275:i 2271:s 2241:, 2236:] 2224:c 2214:c 2203:P 2200:C 2191:i 2187:e 2177:s 2167:c 2157:s 2144:s 2134:c 2120:P 2117:C 2108:i 2104:e 2094:s 2084:c 2074:c 2061:s 2051:s 2037:c 2027:s 2016:P 2013:C 2004:i 2000:e 1990:s 1980:s 1970:s 1957:c 1947:c 1936:P 1933:C 1924:i 1920:e 1910:s 1900:s 1890:c 1877:c 1867:s 1851:P 1848:C 1839:i 1832:e 1822:s 1810:c 1800:s 1788:c 1778:c 1771:[ 1766:= 1754:] 1748:1 1743:0 1738:0 1731:0 1720:c 1708:s 1697:0 1686:s 1674:c 1667:[ 1660:] 1648:c 1642:0 1632:P 1629:C 1620:i 1616:e 1606:s 1595:0 1590:1 1585:0 1573:P 1570:C 1561:i 1554:e 1544:s 1538:0 1527:c 1520:[ 1513:] 1501:c 1489:s 1480:0 1467:s 1455:c 1449:0 1442:0 1437:0 1432:1 1426:[ 1387:P 1384:C 1202:2 1197:| 1192:i 1184:U 1180:| 1156:i 1152:m 1107:. 1099:] 1088:3 1071:2 1054:1 1040:[ 1033:] 1025:3 1018:U 1004:2 997:U 983:1 976:U 963:3 956:U 942:2 935:U 924:1 917:U 904:3 900:e 895:U 881:2 877:e 872:U 858:1 854:e 849:U 839:[ 834:= 829:] 783:e 768:[ 753:τ 749:μ 745:e 743:" 730:= 703:3 700:, 697:2 694:, 691:1 688:= 685:i 662:i 654:U 616:3 589:2 562:1 460:e 369:( 361:( 342:e 335:t 328:v 288:) 285:L 281:B 276:W 273:Y 269:X 265:) 263:3 260:T 256:Q 252:W 249:Y 244:W 241:Y 231:) 229:3 226:I 222:Q 218:Y 214:) 212:T 208:B 204:C 200:S 196:B 192:Y 187:Y 167:X 158:Q 149:3 146:T 142:T 133:L 124:B 103:B 94:T 85:S 76:C 67:3 64:I 60:I 20:)

Index

Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix
Flavour
particle physics
quantum numbers
Isospin
Charm
Strangeness
Topness
Bottomness
Baryon number
Lepton number
Weak isospin
Electric charge
X-charge
Hypercharge
Weak hypercharge
BL
CKM matrix
PMNS matrix
Flavour complementarity
v
t
e
particle physics
lepton
neutrino
unitary
mixing matrix
quantum states
neutrinos

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