698:
35:
42:
825:
766:
614:
409:
281:
467:– but this is apparently not well recorded in this region. The next sedimentary sequence is apparently just under two million years old – and comprises the Limpopo and Luvuvhu sands and gravels covering the lower parts of the region. The landscape today in the Makuleke has been largely carved out by the meanderings and
424:
The
Jurassic gives way to the Cretaceous Period in the upper rocks of the Makuleke area, and these are particularly evident in the North and East of the Pafuri triangle. In these upper-most rocks - the region still seems to be dominated by deserts but these seem to give way to water born gravels that
495:
clearly found this raw material provided by the rivers of great importance and used these abundant gravel deposits as quarry sites – there are quite literally hundreds of thousands if not millions of stone tools, and the byproducts of their manufacturing process, which can be seen throughout the
756:
The introduction of significant species which have been absent for many years (more than 120 years in the case of the white rhino), the protection of all animal and plant life, and partnering with the
Makuleke people in sustainable ecotourism mark the beginning of the restoration of ecological
342:
Periods. During the early parts of the
Jurassic, which lasted from approximately 210 million years ago until about 144 million years ago, the area was almost certainly extremely arid as is evidenced by the great sandstones of the region and the many dune and desert structures – such as
425:
may indicate the emergence of the ancient
Limpopo in the region. This is particularly evident in areas like Matule hill, where abundant gravels contain large and small bone fragments that appear to be those of medium-sized and small dinosaurs. Fossil wood typical of the Cretaceous
773:
The Pafuri region is famous for its bird watching and more than 250 bird species have been recorded in a year. While comprising only about 1% of the Kruger
National Park's actual area, the area contains plants and animals representing almost 75% of the Parks total diversity.
531:-points. The Middle Stone Age begins around 250,000 years ago and ends around 25 – 35 thousand years ago. It holds within this temporal period not only the origins of a new and more complex toolkit used by humans, but the origin in Africa of
668:
cities that existed in the Pafuri triangle – almost every hill and overlook in the area has evidence of significant occupation during this period. Thulamela and the other walled cities of the region were occupied at about the same time
264:
The
Makuleke region carries a remarkable geological and natural heritage that makes this region of interest to geographers and historians. Some rocks in the area have been dated to over 250 million years old. In the bottom of
816:
fame and yet seeing a great sand filled body instead. This is, however, a recent phenomenon, probably due to a great extent to the over utilization by agriculture of the water resources of the river. As recently as 1950, a
296:
and date to between 248 million and 206 million years. Rocks of this age are found in the lower walls of Lanner Gorge and in these can be found fragments of bone and probably wood representing both holdovers from the
491:. The raw materials they were seeking are still visible today in the form of rocks and cobbles of non-native materials brought from the West and in abundance in channel lag deposits left by the ancient Limpopo.
697:
842:
and poachers who would use the proximity of three countries at the join of the
Limpopo and Luvuvhu rivers to escape police by fleeing out of their jurisdiction into an adjoining country.
401:
of which are plentiful in the slightly younger rocks of the coastal regions to the southeast of the area. This was also a time of global upheaval as the World-continent of
453:
deposits of the North East coast of South Africa are of this age. There is also the hope of finding the rarest forms of vertebrates alive in this time period – the tiny
610:
powers and the ability to predict the future. These early civilizations represented the rise of one of the greatest ancient trade networks the world has ever seen.
347:– that are found preserved within the rocks of the region. In these sediments have been found the remains of early dinosaurs - possibly those of a species known as
34:
504:
industry and lasted from around 1.7 million years ago until around 250,000 years ago when it gave way to a slightly more advanced stone tool culture known as the
1326:
1079:
570:
from this period is abundant in the region, particularly South of the
Luvuvhu, but good examples have recently been discovered in the Pafuri region itself.
1359:
1297:"Commission on the Restitution of Land Rights, Media statement on a claim by the Makuleke Tribe on a Portion of the Kruger National Park and other areas"
535:
itself – it is during the middle part of this period that we see not only the emergence of the modern human brain and physical features but modern human
1523:
430:
361:
rocks representing the ejected and intrusive molten matter from the interior of the Earth scattered about the region. The
Jurassic was the age of great
512:
that occupied the area, but also the vast amount of time in which this occupation occurred – more than 1.4 million years of continuous occupation.
1458:
227:
along the
Limpopo River. It is a natural choke point for wildlife crossing from North to South and back, and forms a distinct ecological region.
918:
660:. It was then, around 1550, that groups crossed the Limpopo and founded numerous flourishing settlements in the Pafuri region including that of
429:
have also been found in the rocks of the region. The Cretaceous Period lasted from about 144 million years ago until 66 million years when the
298:
1528:
1130:
1025:
656:– which flourished for more than one hundred years. The centre of power then shifted to the south at a site known as Khami near present-day
433:
occurred. While the Cretaceous is often referred to as the end of the age of dinosaurs, many new lifeforms appeared. This is the age of
1513:
828:
The dry Limpopo in the Winter near Crook's Corner. Only a small trickle of water marks the boundary between South Africa and Zimbabwe.
1296:
1419:
978:
953:
1345:
864:
846:
652:
The end of Mapungubwe occurred at the same time as the rise of an even greater trading and architectural civilization – that of
211:, and comprises approximately 240 square kilometres of land. The "triangle" is a wedge of land created by the confluence of the
998:
88:
749:
by the time the Makuleke people received the land back. Recent anti-poaching efforts and re-introduction of game including
1272:
1518:
1156:
729:. The land was given back to the Makuleke people, however, they chose not to resettle on the land but to engage with the
141:
1237:
508:. The vast numbers of Acheulean aged stone tools in the region are not only testimony of the large numbers of human
1330:
777:
The area has both semi-arid vegetation including numerous large baobabs as well as rich riverine forests with large
797:, in the uplands. The area is famous for its elephant herds in winter, which come to drink from the Luvuvhu River.
717:
South Africa government in 1969 and about 1500 of them were relocated to land to the South so that their original
523:. On top of many hills, at particularly good outlooks, can be found quite literally thousands of Middle Stone age
1086:
794:
1103:
1385:
1363:
778:
617:
Looking out over the floodplains of the Luvuvhu River (right) and the Limpopo River (far distance and left)
475:
that have been brought from hundreds if not thousands of kilometers away by the Luvuvhu and the Limpopo.
721:
areas could be integrated into the greater Kruger National Park. In 1996 the Makuleke tribe submitted a
689:
found in the sites and accompanying burials of sacred leaders. The Thulamela culture ended around 1650.
344:
586:. Additionally, the idea of sacred leadership emerged – concept that transcends English terms such as
385:
appearing. The oceans themselves were full of a wide variety of life including many different types of
1465:
1186:
922:
859:
726:
204:
1134:
1029:
515:
Tools of the Middle Stone Age are also in abundance in the area, particularly on top of hills and
638:
1415:
974:
949:
894:
686:
555:
154:
519:
in the region where these humans were apparently using overlooks and high spots to scout for
710:
505:
483:
From about 1.5 million years ago, human ancestors, who were probably members of the species
677:. The wealth and sophistication of these people is evident by the beautifully crafted gold
1300:
946:
The Transvaal (A Collection of the Mobil Treasury of Travel Series covering the Transvaal)
813:
786:
674:
563:
559:
464:
253:
231:
838:
Crook's Corner gained its name in the 19th century as the region was seen as a haven for
629:
as far south as present day Mozambique – the region emerged as a trade center producing
1299:. South African Commission on Restitution of Land Rights. 6 August 1996. Archived from
730:
665:
653:
450:
349:
245:
562:
lifestyle of modern humans. The Latest Stone Age merges with the culture of Iron-aged
1507:
818:
808:
591:
582:
and trade network began to emerge just to the North as is evidenced at such sites as
435:
323:
212:
1249:
1002:
500:– which are common – are evidence that this early stone tool culture represents the
702:
626:
607:
579:
484:
266:
235:
216:
208:
76:
65:
558:
and most places have evidence of the micro-lithic cultures that characterize this
457:
which would eventually dominate the planet after the Cretaceous extinction event.
1436:
334:
in the Pafuri region however probably represent the great age of dinosaurs – the
1279:
750:
634:
520:
445:
440:
302:
566:
speaking pastoralists who moved into the region around 1500 to 2000 years ago.
869:
722:
583:
488:
461:
378:
374:
339:
103:
90:
714:
661:
642:
532:
501:
413:
370:
366:
331:
240:
1107:
745:
Due to its proximity to Zimbabwe and Mozambique, the area had been heavily
1212:
487:, were attracted to the area as a source of raw material for making early
845:
The Makuleke area will form the core of the approximately 35,000 km
839:
790:
746:
670:
657:
567:
540:
516:
509:
497:
472:
394:
335:
318:
310:
306:
293:
224:
220:
1493:
1233:
734:
678:
603:
536:
468:
454:
358:
354:
305:(a form of mammal-like reptile), and new forms that would dominate the
289:
270:
238:
chieftains who ruled locally, while the Luvuvhu River is named after a
61:
824:
769:
A breeding herd of elephants crossing the Luvuvhu in the Makuleke area
765:
613:
408:
280:
622:
595:
548:
524:
417:
402:
398:
390:
362:
314:
274:
889:
753:, have resulted in significant increases in the number of animals.
823:
782:
764:
718:
696:
646:
612:
599:
528:
426:
407:
382:
279:
821:
was caught at the confluence of the Luvuvhu and Limpopo rivers.
725:
for 19,842 hectares (198.42 km) in the northern park of the
682:
630:
587:
386:
664:
on the southern bank of the Luvuvhu. Thulamela was one of many
544:
412:
The walls of Lanner Gorge in the Makuleke are made of ancient
781:. While game is plentiful, one is most likely to encounter
701:
Makuleke shown near the northeastern boundary of district
16:
Northernmost section of Kruger National Park, South Africa
1498:
737:, thus resulting in the building of several game lodges.
793:
in the riverine areas and drier adapted game, including
554:
The Middle Stone age is followed in this region by the
805:
Many people visiting the modern Limpopo expecting the
177:
169:
161:
152:
148:
137:
127:
119:
82:
71:
57:
23:
944:Bulpin, T. V. (1975). "The Kruger National Park".
471:activities of the two rivers. The sandy soils are
234:) is derived from Mphaphuli, the dynastic name of
1278:. IIED Evaluating Eden Programme. Archived from
992:
990:
973:. Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town. p. 265.
284:A westward view of Lanner Gorge in the Makuleke
1320:
1318:
709:The Makuleke area was forcibly taken from the
443:dinosaurs (armoured and horned dinosaurs like
373:dinosaurs. This was the age of the origin of
273:age, which indicate that the then interior of
1410:Hilton-Barber, B. & Berger, L.R. (2004).
1207:
1205:
1203:
8:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
203:constitutes the northernmost section of the
353:. It was also clearly a period of intense
223:Crook's Corner, which forms a border with
20:
1405:
1403:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1080:"the History of the Makuleke Concession"
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
301:like glossopetrids (a type of tree) and
881:
1213:"Mapangubwe: History of Africa denied"
416:. The Luvuvhu River has carved a deep
1494:Kruger National Park official website
1133:. National Geographic. Archived from
431:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
176:
168:
160:
151:
7:
1085:. Wilderness Safaris. Archived from
673:trade began on the eastern coast of
621:Through interactions and trade with
574:Mapungubwe and the rise of Thulamela
56:
971:Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername
602:members of the community, types of
578:From around 1200 a large cultural
460:The Cretaceous is followed by the
131:Incorporated into Kruger Park 1969
14:
299:Permian–Triassic extinction event
865:List of national parks in Africa
133:Returned to Makuleke people 1998
123:240 km (93 sq mi)
41:
40:
33:
269:are rocks that appear to be of
256:Rivubye) growing on its banks.
126:
70:
1499:Pafuri Camp commercial website
24:Makuleke, Kruger National Park
1:
1329:. Kruger Park. Archived from
997:Kruger National Park (2007).
1529:Ramsar sites in South Africa
1524:South Africa–Zimbabwe border
1414:. Prime Origins Publishing.
1234:Wonders of the African World
142:South African National Parks
948:. Cape Town: T. V. Bulpin.
917:Wilderness Safaris (2007).
1545:
1514:Protected areas of Limpopo
1024:African adrenalin (2007).
496:area. Beautifully crafted
1273:"The Makuleke Land Claim"
1104:"Euskelosaurus Locations"
969:du Plessis, E.J. (1973).
897:Sites Information Service
795:southern white rhinoceros
197:Makuleke Contractual Park
189:
185:
28:
1459:"Pafuri Gate Fact Sheet"
1344:Siyabona Africa (2007).
1325:Siyabona Africa (2007).
807:great grey-green greasy
49:Location in South Africa
757:integrity to the area.
381:, as well as the first
1435:Rainbow Tours (2007).
1362:. 2007. Archived from
1271:Steenkamp, C. (2000).
1106:. 2007. Archived from
829:
770:
741:Reintroduction of game
706:
618:
421:
285:
1250:"The Thulamela Story"
1092:on 28 September 2007.
1078:Berger, L.R. (2005).
827:
768:
700:
616:
411:
283:
104:22.40139°S 31.19694°E
1519:Kruger National Park
1386:"Kruger Park Lodges"
1333:on 14 February 2007.
1032:on 28 September 2007
860:Kruger National Park
727:Kruger National Park
645:from as far away as
288:The rocks above the
277:was harsh and arid.
205:Kruger National Park
1157:"Country Histories"
1129:J. Shreeve (2006).
1110:on 17 December 2007
919:"Pafuri Wilderness"
890:"Makuleke Wetlands"
625:traders plying the
479:Early human history
405:began to break up.
309:, including modern
144:and Makuleke People
138:Governing body
109:-22.40139; 31.19694
100: /
1457:San Parks (2006).
1360:"Wilderness Trust"
1185:San Parks (2006).
1137:on 16 October 2007
847:Transfrontier Park
830:
771:
761:Plants and animals
707:
705:, on a map of 1897
619:
422:
292:ones are from the
286:
260:Geological history
178:Reference no.
1005:on 1 January 2006
693:Political history
687:Chinese porcelain
436:Tyrannosaurus rex
420:into these rocks.
357:– with intrusive
193:
192:
165:Makuleke Wetlands
72:Nearest city
1536:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1470:
1464:. Archived from
1463:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1412:Exploring Kruger
1407:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1366:on 4 August 2007
1356:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1285:on 22 July 2011.
1284:
1277:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1246:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1209:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1182:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1084:
1075:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1028:. Archived from
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1001:. Archived from
999:"Kruger History"
994:
985:
984:
966:
960:
959:
941:
935:
934:
932:
930:
925:on 6 August 2007
921:. Archived from
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
886:
849:or "Peace Park".
685:glass beads and
637:and trading for
556:Latest Stone Age
506:Middle Stone Age
449:). The abundant
115:
114:
112:
111:
110:
105:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
44:
43:
37:
21:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1504:
1503:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1471:on 25 July 2008
1468:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1131:"Human Journey"
1128:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1006:
996:
995:
988:
981:
968:
967:
963:
956:
943:
942:
938:
928:
926:
916:
915:
911:
901:
899:
888:
887:
883:
878:
856:
835:
803:
801:Desertification
763:
743:
711:Makuleke people
695:
675:southern Africa
576:
527:, scrapers and
489:Stone Age tools
481:
262:
201:Pafuri Triangle
157:
132:
108:
106:
102:
99:
94:
91:
89:
87:
86:
53:
52:
51:
50:
47:
46:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1542:
1540:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1488:External links
1486:
1483:
1482:
1449:
1427:
1420:
1399:
1377:
1351:
1348:. Kruger Park.
1336:
1314:
1303:on 4 June 2011
1288:
1263:
1241:
1226:
1199:
1170:
1148:
1121:
1095:
1043:
1016:
986:
979:
961:
954:
936:
909:
880:
879:
877:
874:
873:
872:
867:
862:
855:
852:
851:
850:
843:
834:
831:
802:
799:
762:
759:
742:
739:
731:Private Sector
694:
691:
654:Great Zimbabwe
606:, people with
575:
572:
480:
477:
350:Massospondylus
317:and of course
261:
258:
217:Luvuvhu Rivers
191:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
155:Ramsar Wetland
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
84:
80:
79:
73:
69:
68:
59:
55:
54:
48:
39:
38:
32:
31:
30:
29:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1541:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1438:
1437:"Pafuri Camp"
1431:
1428:
1423:
1421:0-620-31866-X
1417:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1327:"Pafuri Camp"
1321:
1319:
1315:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1188:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1031:
1027:
1026:"Pafuri Camp"
1020:
1017:
1004:
1000:
993:
991:
987:
982:
980:0-624-00273-X
976:
972:
965:
962:
957:
955:0-949956-12-0
951:
947:
940:
937:
924:
920:
913:
910:
898:
896:
891:
885:
882:
875:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
853:
848:
844:
841:
837:
836:
832:
826:
822:
820:
819:Zambezi shark
815:
811:
810:
800:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
767:
760:
758:
754:
752:
748:
740:
738:
736:
733:to invest in
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
704:
699:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
667:
663:
659:
655:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
615:
611:
609:
605:
601:
598:leaders were
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
573:
571:
569:
565:
561:
560:hunter-gather
557:
552:
551:of the dead.
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
490:
486:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
463:
458:
456:
452:
448:
447:
442:
438:
437:
432:
428:
419:
415:
410:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:and smaller,
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:
346:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
325:
324:Euskelosaurus
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
291:
282:
278:
276:
272:
268:
259:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
188:
184:
180:
172:
164:
162:Official name
156:
147:
143:
140:
136:
130:
122:
118:
113:
85:
81:
78:
74:
67:
63:
60:
36:
27:
22:
19:
1473:. Retrieved
1466:the original
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1430:
1411:
1390:. Retrieved
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1364:the original
1354:
1339:
1331:the original
1305:. Retrieved
1301:the original
1291:
1280:the original
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1244:
1229:
1217:. Retrieved
1190:. Retrieved
1161:. Retrieved
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1135:the original
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1108:the original
1098:
1087:the original
1034:. Retrieved
1030:the original
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1003:the original
970:
964:
945:
939:
927:. Retrieved
923:the original
912:
900:. Retrieved
893:
884:
806:
804:
787:Cape buffalo
776:
772:
755:
744:
708:
703:Zoutpansberg
651:
627:Indian Ocean
620:
608:supernatural
580:civilization
577:
553:
514:
493:Homo erectus
492:
485:Homo erectus
482:
459:
444:
434:
423:
377:flight with
348:
345:desert roses
330:Most of the
329:
322:
287:
267:Lanner Gorge
263:
249:
239:
229:
209:South Africa
200:
196:
194:
77:South Africa
66:South Africa
18:
1187:"Thulamela"
833:Other facts
779:nyala trees
751:white rhino
639:glass beads
446:Triceratops
441:ceratopsian
371:carnivorous
321:, such as
303:dicynodonts
173:22 May 2007
128:Established
107: /
83:Coordinates
1508:Categories
1307:9 December
1114:7 December
876:References
870:Shingwedzi
723:land claim
671:Portuguese
584:Mapungubwe
462:Palaeogene
414:sandstones
379:pterosaurs
375:vertebrate
340:Cretaceous
332:sandstones
170:Designated
95:31°11′49″E
92:22°24′05″S
75:Tshipise,
1346:"Outpost"
840:criminals
715:Apartheid
662:Thulamela
643:porcelain
543:toolkit,
533:modernity
517:mountains
510:ancestors
502:Acheulean
498:hand axes
473:sediments
469:erosional
395:ammonites
367:sauropods
355:volcanism
319:dinosaurs
241:Combretum
1475:4 August
1442:4 August
1192:4 August
1163:4 August
1141:4 August
1036:4 August
1009:4 August
902:25 April
854:See also
791:bushbuck
658:Bulawayo
604:prophets
592:"Queens"
568:Rock art
541:infinite
439:and the
336:Jurassic
311:conifers
307:Mesozoic
294:Triassic
230:Pafuri (
225:Zimbabwe
221:tripoint
58:Location
1392:29 July
1370:27 July
1256:31 July
1219:31 July
929:27 July
814:Kipling
809:Limpopo
747:poached
735:tourism
713:by the
679:jewelry
588:"Kings"
545:artwork
537:culture
455:mammals
399:fossils
365:eating
359:igneous
290:Permian
271:Permian
250:muvuvhu
219:at the
213:Limpopo
62:Limpopo
1418:
1388:. 2007
1252:. 2007
1215:. 2007
1159:. 2007
977:
952:
895:Ramsar
719:tribal
666:walled
623:Muslim
596:Sacred
549:burial
539:– our
525:knives
451:marine
418:canyon
403:Pangea
391:squids
315:cycads
275:Pangea
254:Tsonga
244:tree (
232:Tsonga
1469:(PDF)
1462:(PDF)
1283:(PDF)
1276:(PDF)
1090:(PDF)
1083:(PDF)
783:nyala
647:China
635:ivory
600:elite
564:Bantu
529:spear
465:Epoch
427:flora
383:birds
363:plant
246:Venda
236:Venda
1477:2007
1444:2007
1416:ISBN
1394:2007
1372:2007
1309:2009
1258:2007
1221:2007
1194:2007
1165:2007
1143:2007
1116:2012
1038:2007
1011:2007
975:ISBN
950:ISBN
931:2007
904:2018
789:and
683:Arab
641:and
633:and
631:gold
547:and
521:game
393:and
387:fish
338:and
215:and
195:The
181:1687
120:Area
1238:PBS
812:of
590:or
199:or
1510::
1402:^
1317:^
1236:-
1202:^
1173:^
1046:^
989:^
892:.
785:,
681:,
649:.
594:.
397:–
389:,
327:.
313:,
252:,
248::
207:,
64:,
1479:.
1446:.
1424:.
1396:.
1374:.
1311:.
1260:.
1223:.
1196:.
1167:.
1145:.
1118:.
1040:.
1013:.
983:.
958:.
933:.
906:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
