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veracity has been controversial. A study by the historian Derya Tulga concluded that it is impossible for an original audio recording of
Shevket Pasha's 1909 speech to exist, and even assuming it is Mahmud Shevket Pasha's voice, the recording was ultimately a reenactment produced two years after the 31 March Incident, which he would have done for propaganda purposes. She goes further to state that the voice in the recording is most likely not even Shevket Pasha's but instead the Turkish representative of Favorite Platten Record Company Ahmet Şükrü Bey. Mehmet Çalışkan came to a similar conclusion, adding that the words of the speech itself can't be verified to be Shevket Pasha's, and points out that Ahmet Şükrü promoted the voice recording on a 15 August 1911 issue of the CUP mouthpiece
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publicized what he claimed was the first ever sound recording made in the
Ottoman Empire, which was Mahmud Shevket Pasha's rallying speech to the troops of the Action Army, urging them to march on Istanbul and overthrow the sultan. While a YouTube video recording of the speech has gone viral, its
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came back to form a government, his premiership was widely seen as being under
Shevket Pasha's control. His War Ministry worked to keep officers away from politics, especially the CUP. His tenourship as War Minister saw the suppression of the
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after his assassination, himself became Grand Vizier in 1917. Shevket Pasha's assassination allowed the CUP, primarily Talat Pasha, to establish a radical nationalist dictatorship that would last until the
Ottoman Empire's defeat in
2472:
909:, dedicated to soldiers of the Action Army who were killed in the 31 March Incident. The car he was in, the uniform he was wearing, the clothes of his murdered aides, and the weapons used in the assassination are on display at the
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1697:[Contrary to public opinion, he is the son of a Georgian family settled in Baghdad, not an Arab. As a matter of fact, while I was in Baghdad, I talked to the deceased's relatives and relatives who still live there.]
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Kendisi, umumi kanaat ve zan hilâfına, Arap değil Bağdat'ta yerleşmiş bir Gürcü ailesinin evlâdıdır. Nitekim ben Bağdat'ta iken merhumun hâlâ orada yaşayan hısım ve akrabası ile görüştüm.
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655:(CUP) and turned a blind eye to their anti-regime activism. Thus began his complex and tenuous relationship with the "Sacred Committee". When the CUP prevailed in the 1908
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stated "In the full sense of the word, Mahmud Şevket Pasha has committed suicide, and this was decided on the day he accepted the grand vezierate over the corpse of
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in 1911. He gave much importance to a military aviation program and as a result the
Ottoman Empire held some of the pioneering aviation institutions in the world.
1483:[Süleyman Bey, a member of the slaves in Baghdad and originally Georgian, is the father of the late grand vizier and Minister of War Mahmud Şevket Pasha.]
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as it entered into operation in the
Ottoman Army. Upon his return in 1899, he was promoted to brigadier general and appointed deputy chairman of the
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to oversee construction of the Mecca–Medina telegraph line. He perceived this assignment as an exile, which likely tainted his opinion of Sultan
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that included the CUP, and resumed fighting in the war. However the change in government did not change the reality that the war and most of
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Zürcher, Erik Jan (2017). "31 Mart: A Fundamentalist
Uprising in Istanbul in April 1909?". In Lévy-Aksu, Noémi; Georgeon, François (eds.).
1332:[According to the official records, the person who founded this family was originally Georgian and was one of the Baghdad slaves.]
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Süleyman Bey Bağdad'daki kölmenlere mensub ve Aslen Gürcü olup merhum Sadr-ı âzam ve
Harbiye Nazırı Mahmud Şevket Paşanın babasıdır.
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ascended to the throne, the
Constitution was reinstated for the third and last time, and the CUP was allowed to form a government.
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820:, who were able to maneuver around the Unionist parliament and shuttered it, driving them underground. Thereafter he served as a
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686:) which is considered to be one of the most comprehensive studies written on the history of the Ottoman army and its uniforms.
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Mahmud
Shevket Pasha represented the last independent personality in the Empire's politics; the successor of the premiership,
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as a lieutenant before returning as a faculty member the next year. Shevket rose through the ranks, eventually serving on the
2014:
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1709:"Haskala'nın Yahudi Eğitimine Etkisi: Alliance Israelite Universelle ve Toplumsal Dönüşüm "İstanbul AIU Okulları Örneği ile""
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Shevket Pasha was the last Ottoman Grand Vizier to die in office. He was the only grand vizier to have written memoirs.
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ended the First Balkan War, though Shevket Pasha's government never signed the treaty. The Ottoman Empire would recover
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was changed to Mahmutşevketpaşa in his memory after his assassination, but would rename itself to Zeytinbağı in 1963.
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732:. The Action Army entered Constantinople on 24 April, and after a series of negotiations, Abdulhamid II was deposed,
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and his friends. How could it be that he became, to such a degree, a toy in their hands and died for this reason?"
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which caused the fall of the CUP government. His resignation as War Minister was an effective endorsement to the
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to supervise the manufacture of war matériel for the Ottoman army, during which he worked as an assistant to
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was once again repealed. The CUP appealed to Shevket Pasha to restore the status quo, and he organized the
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Soner Yalçın, Efendi 2 – Beyaz Müslümanların Büyük Sırrı, Doğan Kitap, 1. Baskı, Istanbul 2006, sayfa 114
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1659:[Relatives of Mahmut Şevket Pasha told me that his father was Georgian and his mother was Arab.]
1188:
Sketch of events of Shevket Pasha's assassination in the report written by the police chief of Istanbul
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1461:[He was originally Georgian, but his family had long since settled in Iraq and was Arabized.]
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Ottoman Organization and Military Uniforms from the Establishment of the Ottoman State to the Present
197:
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After the incident, he became an important power holder in Ottoman politics: Shevket Pasha was made
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Devlet-i Osmâniyye’nin Bidâyet-i Tesisinden Şimdiye Kadar Osmanlı Teşkilât ve Kıyâfet-i Askeriyesi
684:
Devlet-i Osmâniyye’nin Bidâyet-i Tesisinden Şimdiye Kadar Osmanlı Teşkilât ve Kıyâfet-i Askeriyesi
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Bana, Mahmut Şevket Paşa'nın yakınları, babasının Gürcü, annesinin Arap olduğunu söylemişlerdir
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to suppress the uprising. His chief of staff during the crisis was the first president of the
701:
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640:'s regime. During this period he also spent some time in France studying military technology.
550:
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232:
1968:
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He played the role of a power broker after the crisis, balancing the various factions of the
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Resmi sicillere nazaran bu aileyi kuran zat, aslen (Gürcü) olup (Bağdat kölemenleri)ndendir.
956:
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Though he saved the CUP in the 31 March Incident, Shevket also played a pivotal role in the
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elevated to the Grand Vezierate, and Shevket was also included in cabinet as War Minister.
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569:, the relatives of the pasha told them that they were of Georgian origin. In addition to
651:, where he gained respect from the army for his effectiveness. He made contact with the
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185:
125:
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Asâkir-i Şahanenin Piyade Sınıfına Mahsus 87 Modeli Mükerrer Ateşli Mavzer üzer Tüfeği
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Kendisi aslen Gürcü idi , ancak ailesi çoktandır Irak'a yerleşmişti ve Araplaşmıştı
1077:
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933:
756:
Commander of Constantinople, inspector of the First, Second, and Third Armies, and
668:
629:
621:
558:
383:
17:
939:
458:
military commander and statesman who was an important political figure during the
2221:
2168:
1852:
History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Reform, Revolution, and Republic
1730:
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Shevket Pasha wrote several books in addition to his memoirs. He also translated
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1997:"İşte, Sadrazam Mahmud Şevket Paşa'nın 100 senedir merak edilen kayıp günlüğü"
1505:
Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire
1251:
337:
42:
1579:
1298:
2125:
The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913
1614:
850:'s Savior Officer backed government in January 1913 in a coup known as the
588:
He finished his primary and secondary education in Baghdad before going to
80:
1559:
1278:
1594:
733:
593:
554:
479:
295:
218:
165:
113:
2196:
The Young Turk Revolution and the Ottoman Empire: The Aftermath of 1918
2084:
1015:
875:
843:
625:
609:
545:, the latter two would become important statesmen of post Ottoman rule
526:
522:
275:
1164:
Mahmud Shevket Pasha just before his murder, Istanbul Military Museum.
2235:
Alleged recording of Mahmud Shevket Pasha's speech to the Action Army
1011:
989:
914:
887:
725:
574:
497:
he played a leading role in military reform and the establishment of
897:
On 11 June 1913 Mahmud Shevket Pasha was assassinated in his car in
1253:
Generalissimusy mira XVI-XX vekov [Istoricheskiye portrety]
901:
in a revenge attack by a relative of the assassinated War Minister
612:(Colonel) in 1891. He joined an arms purchasing commission sent to
1025:
938:
743:
601:
530:
71:
55:
1387:
Prof. Ali Cânip Yöntem'in yeni Türk edebiyatı üzerine makaleleri
3663:
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2676:
2454:
2328:
2274:
1777:
Istanbul was only adopted as the city's official name in 1930..
628:-i Amire's Inspection Commission. In 1901, he was promoted to
2179:, vol. II, Cambridge University Press (published 1975),
2148:
Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide
2080:"Mahmud Şevket Paşa'nın 31 Mart Olayı Sırasındaki Ses Kaydı"
959:, would be a puppet of the CUP's radical faction, headed by
905:, who was killed during the 1913 coup. He was buried in the
643:
In 1905 Mahmud Shevket Pasha was appointed governor of the
1715:. Vol. 6, no. 3. May–August 2009. Archived from
1507:. Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 20.
846:
except the outskirts of Constantinople. The CUP overthrew
2101:"Mahmut Şevket Paşa'ya ait olduğu iddia edilen ses kaydı"
1516:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press Press. p. 282.
513:, from 23 January 1913 until his death by assassination.
1320:. F. Gücüyener Anadolu Türk Kitap Deposu. pp. 11–12
1140:
The pistols carried by Mahmud Shevket Pasha's assassins.
716:
formation made up of his Third Army and elements of the
525:
in 1856. His grandfather, Hacı Talib Ağa had moved from
30:
For the other Ottoman general Shevket Turgut Pasha, see
1418:
Publications de la Société d'histoire turque: VIII. sér
988:
in 1918. This dictatorship would see the empire retake
549:. Raised as an Ottoman, most sources claim that he had
1561:
Osman's dream : the history of the ottoman empire
1280:
Osman's dream : the history of the ottoman empire
932:. I am sure that this man did not like, for instance,
1411:[Mahmut Şevket Pasha's ancestry is Georgian.]
1014:, Istanbul is named after him. The name of the town
27:
Ottoman military commander and statesman (1856–1913)
979:by 1914, and Talat in addition to returning to the
659:, which forced Sultan Abdul Hamid to reinstate the
413:
399:
389:
371:
353:
348:
336:
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143:
131:
119:
109:
91:
66:
777:'s revolt in Yemen, which exposed Tripolitania to
632:(Lieutenant General) and was soon assigned to the
920:On the day of his assassination, a deputy of the
801:, he pushed for Christians to make up 25% of the
4417:Assassinated politicians from the Ottoman Empire
4407:20th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire
1238:Western imperialism in the Middle East 1914-1958
667:, Shevket was placed in command of the Selanik (
590:Alliance Israélite Universelle of Constantinople
2177:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
1902:"Commentary - History of the Turkish Air Force"
1713:inanç, kültür ve mitoloji araştırmaları dergisi
2222:Newspaper clippings about Mahmud Shevket Pasha
1629:Osmanlı Devleti'nde Arap milliyetçi cemiyetler
1471:. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. 1944. p. 92
788:Shevket Pasha is credited for the creation of
3675:
3258:
3037:Civankapıcıbaşı Sultanzade Semiz Mehmed Pasha
2688:
2466:
2340:
2286:
1967:(second ed.). London: Oneworld. p.
1530:Sadrazamlar: Osmanlı'da ikinci adam saltanatı
913:. He was survived by his wife, Selime Dilşad
8:
1545:, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971, p. 101.
1514:Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939
1114:Küçük Çaplı Mavzer Tüfeklerine Mahsus Atlas
894:, but by then Shevket Pasha would be dead.
3547:Yağlıkçızade Nişancı Hacı Mehmed Emin Pasha
1854:. Cambridge University Press. p. 283.
1647:. Vol. IV. Baha Matbaasi. p. 1228
854:, because he entered negotiations with the
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3668:
3660:
3265:
3251:
3243:
2695:
2681:
2673:
2473:
2459:
2451:
2347:
2333:
2325:
2293:
2279:
2271:
2239:
2175:Shaw, Stanford; Shaw, Ezel (27 May 1977),
1631:, Müdafaa-i Hukuk Yayınları, 2007, p. 87.]
79:
63:
1022:Shevket Pasha's speech to the Action Army
1021:
1002:genocide against its Christian minorities
596:). After completing his education in the
1947:
2431:Osmancıklı Koca Mehmed Nizamüddin Pasha
1837:
1825:
1226:
1152:The first automobile in Constantinople.
1130:
157:23 January 1913 – 11 June 1913
105:23 January 1913 – 11 June 1913
3601:Silahdar Karavezir Seyyid Mehmed Pasha
2027:
2006:
1732:Türkiye'nin devlet yaşamında Yahudiler
1421:. Türk Tarih Kurumu. 1952. p. 323
1409:Mahmut Şevket Paşa'nın soyu Gürcü'dür.
537:. He had four brothers, Numan, Murad,
210:12 January 1910 – 9 July 1912
3700:Decline and Modernization (1789–1922)
2099:Aladağ, Alaaddin (15 December 2021).
1990:
1988:
1564:. New York: Basic Books. p. 57.
1437:Türk inkılâbı tarihi, 2. cilt,4. sayı
1283:. New York: Basic Books. p. 57.
1232:
1230:
1108:Küçük Çaplı Mavzer Tüfekleri Risâlesi
842:, the Ottoman Empire lost all of its
7:
4402:Field marshals of the Ottoman Empire
3307:Sührablı Kavanoz Nişancı Ahmed Pasha
1995:Bardakçı, Murat (12 December 2013).
1599:. London: John Murray. p. 549.
1362:. Yediveren Yayinlari. p. 159.
1240:. Oxford University Press, 2006 p.17
943:Mahmut Shavket Pasha's grave in the
620:. There he wrote extensively on the
451:
3229:Köprülü Amcazade Hacı Hüseyin Pasha
2401:Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha
1200:Mahmud Shevket Pasha in a car, 1911
1030:Mahmud Shevket Pasha, 1900 portrait
779:foreign invasion from Italy in 1911
2563:Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Younger
1928:"The New York Times, May 17, 1909"
1739:from the original on 17 April 2023
1489:"The New York Times, May 17, 1909"
1440:. Türk Tarih Kurumu. p. 323.
805:, and for good relations with the
93:Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
59:, and there is no family name.
25:
4412:Ottoman people of the Balkan Wars
4382:Georgians from the Ottoman Empire
3589:Darendeli Cebecizade Mehmed Pasha
2383:Mahmudoğlu Nizamüddin Ahmed Pasha
2377:Hacıkemaleddinoğlu Alaeddin Pasha
1343:. M. Sıralar Matbaası. p. 77
917:, with whom he had no children.
4377:Iraqi people of Georgian descent
3646:
3505:Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha
3097:Bıyıklı Koca Derviş Mehmed Pasha
2437:Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger
2425:Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Elder
2314:
2301:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1133:
561:ancestry. However, according to
376:
358:
4392:Ottoman Military College alumni
4387:Ottoman Military Academy alumni
3736:Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha
3211:Bozoklu (Bıyıklı) Mustafa Pasha
3205:Merzifonlu Çalık Hacı Ali Pasha
2413:Osmancıklı Imamzade Halil Pasha
653:Committee of Union and Progress
468:Committee of Union and Progress
3385:Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha
3187:Tekirdağlı Bekri Mustafa Pasha
1965:Turkey: The Quest for Identity
1876:"Founding - Turkish Air Force"
454:, 1856 – 11 June 1913) was an
1:
3199:Bahadırzade Arabacı Ali Pasha
3157:Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha
2881:Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha
2041:"Adına kavuşan belde Tirilye"
828:Premiership and assassination
618:Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz
535:Kethüdazade Süleyman Faik Bey
315:Monument of Liberty, Istanbul
3718:Çelebizade Şerif Hasan Pasha
3421:Silahdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha
3163:Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha
2839:Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
2395:Sinanüddin Fakih Yusuf Pasha
1532:, Çatı Kitapları, 2002, p. .
1434:Bayur, Yusuf Hikmet (1983).
1356:Seyrek, Ahmet Murat (2002).
293:11 June 1913 (aged 56 or 57)
4060:Şirvanlı Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha
3391:Silahdar Damat Mehmet Pasha
3379:Tevkii Nişancı Mehmed Pasha
3319:Kalaylıkoz Hacı Ahmed Pasha
3193:Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha
2246:Kibrisli Mehmed Kamil Pasha
2226:20th Century Press Archives
1775:, (Basic Books, 2005), 57;
1070:Logaritma Cedâvili Risalesi
775:Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din
769:. He also used troops from
529:to Baghdad. His father was
521:Mahmud Shevket was born in
4433:
4162:Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha
3994:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha
3982:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha
3940:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha
3637:Kethüda Meyyit Hasan Pasha
3583:Moralı Derviş Mehmed Pasha
3541:Silahdar Hamza Mahir Pasha
3499:Silahdar Bıyıklı Ali Pasha
3475:Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha
2983:Filibeli Hafız Ahmed Pasha
2887:Boşnak Derviş Mehmed Pasha
2713:Transformation (1550–1700)
2153:Princeton University Press
2013:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1558:Finkel, Caroline. (2007).
1384:Yöntem, Ali Canib (2005).
1277:Finkel, Caroline. (2007).
1236:David Kenneth Fieldhouse:
831:
781:. Hilmi's resignation saw
693:
608:and achieving the rank of
36:
29:
3778:Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha
3742:Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha
3707:
3659:
3644:
3625:Hazinedar Şahin Ali Pasha
3463:Tiryaki Hacı Mehmed Pasha
3427:Muhsinzade Abdullah Pasha
3290:
3242:
3151:Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha
2720:
2672:
2498:
2491:Classical Age (1453–1550)
2450:
2372:
2324:
2259:
2250:
2242:
1676:. İletişim. p. 179.
1212:Mahmud Shevket Pasha and
1034:In a 2012 interview with
996:, but also join and lose
872:national unity government
858:. Shevket Pasha was made
852:Raid on the Sublime Porte
647:during the height of the
460:Second Constitutional Era
437:
303:Manner of death
260:
203:
150:
98:
87:
78:
3880:Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha
3868:Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha
3850:Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha
3529:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha
3523:Tevkii Hamza Hamid Pasha
3511:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha
3481:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha
3367:Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha
3139:Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha
3013:Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha
2959:Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Pasha
2123:Gawrych, George (2006).
2047:. Türkçe. Archived from
1102:Mükerrer Ateşli Tüfekler
922:Freedom and Accord Party
911:Istanbul Military Museum
509:in the aftermath of the
466:, Shevket Pasha and the
4270:Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
3838:Mehmed Said Galip Pasha
3712:Hassan Pasha of Algiers
3613:Yeğen Hacı Mehmed Pasha
3571:Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha
3535:Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha
3397:Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha
2995:Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha
2971:Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha
2773:Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha
2755:Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha
2605:Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha
1850:Shaw, Stanford (1977).
1593:Mango, Andrew. (1999).
1541:İsmail Hâmi Danişmend,
1390:. Tablet. p. 166.
1176:Shevket Pasha's funeral
730:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
541:, and the much younger
501:. Shevket Pasha became
426:Albanian Revolt of 1910
3928:Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha
3910:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
3886:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
3874:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
3862:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
3796:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
3361:Kel Hoca Ibrahim Pasha
3355:Nişancı Süleyman Pasha
3295:Daltaban Mustafa Pasha
3283:Old Regime (1700–1789)
3175:Abaza Siyavuş Pasha II
3127:Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha
3031:Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha
2803:Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha
2785:Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha
2767:Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha
2611:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha
2587:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha
2557:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha
2419:Amasyalı Bayezid Pasha
2407:Çandarlızade Ali Pasha
1673:Biraz da ben konuşayım
1031:
947:
749:
4030:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
4000:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
3976:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
3952:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
3922:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
3772:Çavuşbaşı Memiş Pasha
3766:Alemdar Mustafa Pasha
3565:Silahdar Mehmed Pasha
3469:Seyyid Abdullah Pasha
3133:Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I
3115:Ermeni Süleyman Pasha
3079:Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I
3055:Hezarpare Ahmed Pasha
3043:Nevesinli Salih Pasha
2953:Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha
2635:Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha
2539:Karamani Mehmed Pasha
2127:. London: IB Tauris.
1670:Tevfik, Rıza (2008).
1641:Bayar, Celal (1967).
1543:Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı
1512:Hasan Kayali (1962).
1503:Hasan Kayali (1997).
1029:
942:
834:Shevket Pasha cabinet
795:In an interview with
790:Ottoman Air Divisions
747:
700:A year later saw the
678:In 1902 he published
657:Young Turk Revolution
600:in 1882 he served in
567:Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı
517:Early life and career
4282:Mahmud Shevket Pasha
3802:Dervish Mehmed Pasha
3784:Laz Aziz Ahmed Pasha
3760:Çelebi Mustafa Pasha
3595:Kalafat Mehmed Pasha
3559:Ivazzade Halil Pasha
3553:Moldovancı Ali Pasha
3493:Naili Abdullah Pasha
3343:Baltaji Mehmet Pasha
3325:Baltaji Mehmet Pasha
3145:Köprülü Mehmed Pasha
3109:Kara Dev Murad Pasha
3091:Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha
2929:Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha
2743:Sokollu Mehmed Pasha
2653:Hadım Suleiman Pasha
1948:Shaw & Shaw 1977
1809:"Mahmud Şevket Paşa"
1790:"Mahmud Şevket Paşa"
1337:Amca, Hasan (1958).
1314:Şakir, Ziya (1944).
767:1910 Albanian Revolt
748:Mahmud Shevket Pasha
661:Ottoman constitution
444:Mahmud Shevket Pasha
325:Khaled Sulayman Faiq
32:Shevket Turgut Pasha
4372:People from Baghdad
4258:Ibrahim Hakki Pasha
4252:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha
4240:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha
4120:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
4096:Ibrahim Edhem Pasha
4084:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
4048:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
4024:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
3988:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
3970:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
3964:Mustafa Naili Pasha
3958:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
3946:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
3934:Mustafa Naili Pasha
3916:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
3904:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
3898:Ibrahim Sarim Pasha
3892:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
3826:Deli Abdullah Pasha
3754:Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha
3487:Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha
3451:Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha
3445:Nişancı Ahmed Pasha
3409:Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha
3337:Köprülü Numan Pasha
3181:Ayaşlı Ismail Pasha
3169:Sarı Süleyman Pasha
3103:Ibşir Mustafa Pasha
3025:Tayyar Mehmed Pasha
2977:Çerkes Mehmed Pasha
2869:Yemişçi Hasan Pasha
2863:Damat Ibrahim Pasha
2857:Cerrah Mehmed Pasha
2845:Damat Ibrahim Pasha
2833:Damat Ibrahim Pasha
2815:Serdar Ferhad Pasha
2797:Serdar Ferhad Pasha
1813:İslâm Ansiklopedisi
1807:Türkmen, Zekeriya.
1090:Usûl-i Hendese I-II
945:Monument of Liberty
907:Monument of Liberty
762:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha
649:Macedonian Conflict
418:Macedonian Struggle
229:İbrahim Hakkı Pasha
18:Mahmud Şevket Pasha
4336:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
4324:Salih Hulusi Pasha
4306:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
4294:Mehmed Talat Pasha
4246:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
4222:Mehmed Ferid Pasha
4114:Mehmed Sadık Pasha
4078:Mahmud Nedim Pasha
4066:Hüseyin Avni Pasha
4036:Mahmud Nedim Pasha
3856:Reşid Mehmed Pasha
3844:Mehmed Selim Pasha
3832:Silahdar Ali Pasha
3814:Benderli Ali Pasha
3748:Hafiz Ismail Pasha
3730:Melek Mehmed Pasha
3607:Izzet Mehmed Pasha
3577:Izzet Mehmed Pasha
3457:Seyyid Hasan Pasha
3433:Yeğen Mehmed Pasha
3415:Gürcü Ismail Pasha
3223:Elmas Mehmed Pasha
3121:Gazi Hüseyin Pasha
3085:Gürcü Mehmed Pasha
2965:Mere Hüseyin Pasha
2947:Mere Hüseyin Pasha
2893:Kuyucu Murad Pasha
2599:Koca Mustafa Pasha
2143:Kieser, Hans-Lukas
2051:on 30 January 2012
1935:The New York Times
1771:Finkel, Caroline,
1496:The New York Times
1317:Mahmut Şevket paşa
1032:
948:
844:Balkan possessions
798:The New York Times
750:
726:Republic of Turkey
665:call for elections
245:Salih Hulusi Pasha
4349:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4330:Damat Ferid Pasha
4312:Damat Ferid Pasha
4300:Ahmed Izzet Pasha
4264:Mehmed Said Pasha
4228:Mehmed Said Pasha
4216:Mehmed Said Pasha
4210:Halil Rifat Pasha
4198:Mehmed Said Pasha
4192:Ahmed Cevad Pasha
4180:Mehmed Said Pasha
4174:Ahmed Vefik Pasha
4168:Mehmed Said Pasha
4156:Mehmed Said Pasha
4144:Mehmed Said Pasha
4138:Ahmed Arifi Pasha
4108:Ahmed Vefik Pasha
4102:Ahmed Hamdi Pasha
4018:Mehmed Fuad Pasha
4012:Yusuf Kamil Pasha
4006:Mehmed Fuad Pasha
3655:
3654:
3619:Halil Hamid Pasha
3439:Ivaz Mehmed Pasha
3403:Topal Osman Pasha
3331:Çorlulu Ali Pasha
3313:Damat Hasan Pasha
3301:Rami Mehmed Pasha
3238:
3237:
3217:Sürmeli Ali Pasha
3073:Melek Ahmed Pasha
3061:Sofu Mehmed Pasha
3007:Topal Recep Pasha
3001:Hafiz Ahmed Pasha
2989:Damat Halil Pasha
2923:Güzelce Ali Pasha
2917:Öküz Mehmed Pasha
2911:Damat Halil Pasha
2905:Öküz Mehmed Pasha
2851:Hadım Hasan Pasha
2821:Lala Mehmed Pasha
2779:Hadim Mesih Pasha
2749:Semiz Ahmed Pasha
2668:
2667:
2641:Ayas Mehmed Pasha
2629:Piri Mehmed Pasha
2617:Hadım Sinan Pasha
2533:Gedik Ahmed Pasha
2527:Veli Mahmud Pasha
2509:Veli Mahmud Pasha
2446:
2445:
2269:
2268:
2260:Succeeded by
2162:978-0-691-15762-7
2134:978-1-84511-287-5
1978:978-1-78074-301-1
1882:on 7 October 2011
1719:on 17 April 2023.
1571:978-0-465-00850-6
1468:Belleten, 8. cilt
1340:Dogmayan hürriyet
1290:978-0-465-00850-6
1063:Sous les Tilleuls
1000:while committing
994:Second Balkan War
981:interior ministry
892:Second Balkan War
702:31 March Incident
696:31 March Incident
690:31 March Incident
476:Constitutionalist
464:31 March Incident
441:
440:
422:31 March Incident
233:Mehmed Said Pasha
198:Ahmet İzzet Pasha
16:(Redirected from
4424:
4288:Said Halim Pasha
4072:Ahmed Esad Pasha
4054:Ahmed Esad Pasha
3820:Hacı Salih Pasha
3808:Seyyid Ali Pasha
3724:Koca Yusuf Pasha
3684:
3677:
3670:
3661:
3650:
3631:Koca Yusuf Pasha
3517:Koca Ragıp Pasha
3373:Hacı Halil Pasha
3267:
3260:
3253:
3244:
3067:Kara Murat Pasha
2941:Kara Davud Pasha
2827:Koca Sinan Pasha
2809:Koca Sinan Pasha
2791:Koca Sinan Pasha
2761:Koca Sinan Pasha
2725:Kara Ahmed Pasha
2697:
2690:
2683:
2674:
2551:Koca Davud Pasha
2515:Rum Mehmed Pasha
2475:
2468:
2461:
2452:
2365:Rise (1299–1453)
2349:
2342:
2335:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2305:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2272:
2263:Said Halim Pasha
2243:Preceded by
2240:
2210:
2189:
2166:
2138:
2109:
2108:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2004:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1904:. Archived from
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1878:. Archived from
1872:
1866:
1865:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1786:
1780:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1638:
1632:
1627:Ali Bilgenoğlu,
1625:
1619:
1618:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1493:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1250:Urazov, Fatikh.
1247:
1241:
1234:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1149:
1137:
1122:(I-III, H. 1320)
957:Said Halim Pasha
880:Treaty of London
864:Foreign Minister
862:, War Minister,
840:First Balkan War
598:Mekteb-i Harbiye
511:1913 coup d'état
507:First Balkan War
453:
432:First Balkan War
382:
380:
379:
364:
362:
361:
349:Military service
343:Mekteb-i Harbiye
298:, Ottoman Empire
265:Personal details
253:
241:
208:
194:
182:
155:
138:Said Halim Pasha
134:
122:
103:
83:
64:
41:style name, the
21:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4341:
4132:Hayreddin Pasha
3703:
3688:
3651:
3642:
3349:Ağa Yusuf Pasha
3286:
3271:
3234:
3049:Kara Musa Pasha
2875:Yavuz Ali Pasha
2737:Semiz Ali Pasha
2716:
2701:
2664:
2593:Hadim Ali Pasha
2581:Hadim Ali Pasha
2494:
2479:
2442:
2368:
2353:
2320:
2313:
2299:
2265:
2256:
2248:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2192:
2187:
2174:
2163:
2141:
2135:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2078:
2075:Wayback Machine
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2005:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1908:on 4 March 2016
1900:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1836:
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1402:
1400:
1398:
1383:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1359:ATATÜRK SÖZLÜĞÜ
1355:
1346:
1344:
1336:
1323:
1321:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1291:
1276:
1275:
1271:
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1223:
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1201:
1198:
1189:
1186:
1177:
1174:
1165:
1162:
1153:
1150:
1141:
1138:
1129:
1055:
1024:
977:Minister of War
961:the triumvirate
953:
836:
830:
818:Savior Officers
758:Minister of War
742:
734:Mehmed V Reshad
698:
692:
519:
452:محمود شوكت پاشا
448:Ottoman Turkish
430:
428:
424:
420:
406:
377:
375:
359:
357:
330:Hikmet Sulayman
328:
294:
274:
251:
239:
231:
209:
204:
192:
180:
156:
151:
145:Minister of War
132:
120:
104:
99:
74:
69:
60:
39:Ottoman Turkish
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4430:
4428:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4354:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4321:
4318:Ali Rıza Pasha
4315:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4093:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4063:
4057:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3695:Ottoman Empire
3689:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3664:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
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3478:
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3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
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462:. During the
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97:
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90:
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82:
77:
73:
65:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4281:
4126:Saffet Pasha
4090:Midhat Pasha
4042:Midhat Pasha
3698:
3281:
3019:Bayram Pasha
2731:Rüstem Pasha
2711:
2659:Rüstem Pasha
2489:
2363:
2253:Grand Vizier
2251:
2195:
2176:
2169:Google Books
2147:
2124:
2104:
2094:
2083:
2071:Ghostarchive
2069:Archived at
2065:
2053:. Retrieved
2049:the original
2044:
2035:
2023:
2000:
1964:
1955:
1943:
1934:
1922:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:the original
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1880:the original
1870:
1851:
1845:
1838:Zürcher 2017
1833:
1826:Gawrych 2006
1821:
1812:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1758:
1753:
1741:. Retrieved
1731:
1725:
1717:the original
1712:
1703:
1694:
1687:. Retrieved
1672:
1665:
1656:
1649:. Retrieved
1643:
1636:
1628:
1623:
1595:
1588:
1560:
1553:
1547:(in Turkish)
1542:
1537:
1529:
1524:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1480:
1473:. Retrieved
1467:
1458:
1451:. Retrieved
1436:
1423:. Retrieved
1417:
1408:
1401:. Retrieved
1386:
1373:. Retrieved
1358:
1345:. Retrieved
1339:
1329:
1322:. Retrieved
1316:
1307:
1279:
1272:
1252:
1245:
1237:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1044:
1033:
1009:
1006:
954:
919:
896:
860:Grand Vizier
837:
811:
803:Ottoman army
796:
794:
787:
773:to suppress
771:Tripolitania
751:
740:War Minister
713:
706:Constitution
699:
683:
679:
677:
669:Thessaloniki
642:
622:Mauser rifle
587:
520:
503:Grand Vizier
495:War Minister
484:
478:uprising in
443:
442:
414:Battles/wars
384:Ottoman Army
256:Hurşid Pasha
252:Succeeded by
225:Grand Vizier
205:
193:Succeeded by
172:Grand Vizier
152:
133:Succeeded by
100:
61:
54:
46:
4367:1913 deaths
4362:1856 births
4338:(1920–1922)
4320:(1919–1920)
4308:(1918–1919)
4296:(1917–1918)
4290:(1913–1917)
4278:(1912–1913)
4276:Kâmil Pasha
4266:(1911–1912)
4260:(1910–1911)
4254:(1909–1910)
4236:(1908–1909)
4234:Kâmil Pasha
4224:(1903–1908)
4218:(1901–1903)
4212:(1895–1901)
4204:Kâmil Pasha
4194:(1891–1895)
4188:(1885–1891)
4186:Kâmil Pasha
4182:(1882–1885)
4158:(1880–1882)
4150:Kadri Pasha
4146:(1879–1880)
4134:(1878–1879)
4098:(1877–1878)
4092:(1876–1877)
4086:(1876–1876)
4080:(1875–1876)
4068:(1874–1875)
4062:(1873–1874)
4050:(1872–1873)
4038:(1871–1872)
4032:(1866–1871)
4026:(1866–1867)
4020:(1863–1866)
4008:(1861–1866)
3996:(1860–1861)
3990:(1859–1860)
3978:(1858–1859)
3972:(1857–1858)
3960:(1856–1857)
3954:(1855–1856)
3948:(1854–1855)
3936:(1853–1854)
3930:(1852–1853)
3906:(1848–1852)
3894:(1846–1848)
3888:(1842–1846)
3882:(1841–1842)
3876:(1840–1841)
3870:(1839–1840)
3864:(1833–1839)
3858:(1829–1833)
3852:(1828–1829)
3846:(1824–1828)
3840:(1823–1824)
3828:(1822–1823)
3822:(1821–1822)
3810:(1820–1821)
3804:(1818–1820)
3798:(1815–1818)
3792:(1812–1815)
3786:(1811–1812)
3780:(1809–1811)
3774:(1808–1809)
3762:(1807–1808)
3756:(1806–1807)
3750:(1805–1806)
3744:(1798–1805)
3738:(1794–1798)
3732:(1792–1794)
3726:(1791–1792)
3720:(1790–1791)
3714:(1789–1790)
3633:(1786–1789)
3627:(1785–1786)
3621:(1782–1785)
3609:(1781–1782)
3603:(1779–1781)
3597:(1778–1779)
3591:(1777–1778)
3585:(1775–1777)
3579:(1774–1775)
3573:(1771–1774)
3567:(1770–1771)
3561:(1769–1770)
3549:(1768–1769)
3537:(1765–1768)
3531:(1763–1765)
3519:(1757–1763)
3513:(1756–1757)
3507:(1755–1756)
3483:(1752–1755)
3477:(1750–1752)
3471:(1747–1750)
3465:(1746–1747)
3459:(1743–1746)
3453:(1742–1743)
3447:(1740–1742)
3441:(1739–1740)
3435:(1737–1739)
3423:(1736–1737)
3417:(1735–1736)
3411:(1732–1735)
3405:(1731–1732)
3393:(1730–1731)
3387:(1718–1730)
3381:(1717–1718)
3375:(1716–1717)
3369:(1713–1716)
3357:(1712–1713)
3351:(1711–1712)
3345:(1710–1711)
3333:(1706–1710)
3327:(1704–1706)
3315:(1703–1704)
3297:(1702–1703)
3231:(1697–1702)
3225:(1695–1697)
3219:(1694–1695)
3207:(1692–1693)
3201:(1691–1692)
3195:(1689–1691)
3189:(1688–1689)
3177:(1687–1688)
3171:(1685–1687)
3165:(1683–1685)
3159:(1676–1683)
3153:(1661–1676)
3147:(1656–1661)
3105:(1654–1655)
3099:(1653–1654)
3093:(1652–1653)
3087:(1651–1652)
3075:(1650–1651)
3069:(1649–1650)
3063:(1648–1649)
3057:(1647–1648)
3045:(1645–1647)
3039:(1644–1645)
3033:(1638–1644)
3021:(1637–1638)
3015:(1632–1637)
3003:(1631–1632)
2997:(1628–1631)
2991:(1626–1628)
2985:(1625–1626)
2979:(1624–1625)
2973:(1623–1624)
2961:(1622–1623)
2937:(1621–1622)
2925:(1619–1621)
2919:(1619–1619)
2913:(1616–1619)
2907:(1614–1616)
2901:(1611–1614)
2899:Nasuh Pasha
2895:(1606–1611)
2883:(1604–1606)
2877:(1603–1604)
2871:(1601–1603)
2865:(1599–1601)
2859:(1598–1599)
2853:(1597–1598)
2847:(1596–1597)
2829:(1595–1596)
2811:(1593–1595)
2805:(1592–1593)
2799:(1591–1592)
2793:(1589–1591)
2787:(1586–1589)
2781:(1585–1586)
2775:(1584–1585)
2769:(1582–1584)
2763:(1580–1582)
2751:(1579–1580)
2745:(1565–1579)
2739:(1561–1565)
2733:(1555–1561)
2727:(1553–1555)
2661:(1544–1553)
2655:(1541–1544)
2649:(1539–1541)
2647:Lütfi Pasha
2643:(1536–1539)
2637:(1523–1536)
2631:(1517–1523)
2623:Yunus Pasha
2619:(1516–1517)
2613:(1515–1516)
2607:(1512–1515)
2601:(1511–1512)
2595:(1509–1511)
2589:(1503–1506)
2583:(1501–1503)
2575:Mesih Pasha
2571:(1499–1501)
2569:Yakub Pasha
2565:(1498–1499)
2559:(1497–1498)
2553:(1482–1497)
2547:(1481–1482)
2545:Ishak Pasha
2541:(1477–1481)
2535:(1474–1477)
2529:(1472–1474)
2523:(1469–1472)
2521:Ishak Pasha
2517:(1466–1469)
2511:(1456–1466)
2505:(1453–1456)
2503:Zagan Pasha
2439:(1439–1453)
2433:(1429–1439)
2427:(1421–1429)
2421:(1413–1421)
2415:(1406–1413)
2409:(1387–1406)
2403:(1364–1387)
2397:(1349–1364)
2391:(1348–1349)
2385:(1331–1348)
2379:(1320–1331)
2028:Kieser 2018
1961:Feroz Ahmad
1912:5 September
1651:19 December
1214:Enver Pasha
1074:Jean Dupuis
998:World War I
986:World War I
930:Nâzım Pasha
926:Lütfi Fikri
903:Nazım Pasha
848:Kâmil Pasha
838:During the
754:martial law
710:Action Army
577:, he spoke
563:Celal Bayar
505:during the
487:Young Turks
408:Action Army
327:(brother),
240:Preceded by
186:Nazım Pasha
181:Preceded by
126:Kâmil Pasha
121:Preceded by
4356:Categories
2389:Hacı Pasha
1886:6 November
1861:0521291666
1794:Britannica
1221:References
1010:A town in
934:Talaat Bey
832:See also:
728:, captain
682:(Turkish:
673:Third Army
559:Iraqi Arab
470:overthrew
404:Third Army
354:Allegiance
338:Alma mater
49:, the
43:given name
2055:6 October
2001:Habertürk
1580:756484323
1299:756484323
1110:(H. 1311)
1098:(H. 1303)
1086:(H. 1301)
1036:Habertürk
814:1912 coup
760:. Though
533:governor
332:(brother)
321:Relations
206:In office
153:In office
101:In office
2145:(2018).
2073:and the
2009:cite web
1963:(2014).
1743:17 April
1737:Archived
1615:41547097
1116:(H.1311)
1104:(H.1308)
671:) based
594:Istanbul
551:Georgian
489:and the
400:Commands
296:Istanbul
219:Mehmed V
166:Mehmed V
114:Mehmed V
37:In this
3693:of the
3276:of the
2706:of the
2484:of the
2358:of the
2309:of the
2228:of the
2224:in the
2116:Sources
2085:YouTube
1596:Atatürk
1127:Gallery
1016:Tirilye
992:in the
890:in the
876:Rumelia
822:senator
626:Tophane
614:Germany
610:Miralay
571:Turkish
555:Chechen
527:Tbilisi
523:Baghdad
456:Ottoman
276:Baghdad
215:Monarch
175:Himself
162:Monarch
110:Monarch
4397:Pashas
4332:(1920)
4326:(1920)
4314:(1919)
4302:(1918)
4284:(1913)
4272:(1912)
4248:(1909)
4242:(1909)
4230:(1908)
4206:(1895)
4200:(1895)
4176:(1882)
4170:(1882)
4164:(1882)
4152:(1880)
4140:(1879)
4128:(1878)
4122:(1878)
4116:(1878)
4110:(1878)
4104:(1878)
4074:(1875)
4056:(1873)
4044:(1872)
4014:(1863)
4002:(1861)
3984:(1859)
3966:(1857)
3942:(1854)
3924:(1852)
3918:(1852)
3912:(1852)
3900:(1848)
3834:(1823)
3816:(1821)
3768:(1808)
3639:(1789)
3615:(1782)
3555:(1769)
3543:(1768)
3525:(1763)
3501:(1755)
3495:(1755)
3489:(1755)
3429:(1737)
3399:(1731)
3363:(1713)
3339:(1710)
3321:(1704)
3309:(1703)
3303:(1703)
3213:(1694)
3183:(1688)
3141:(1656)
3135:(1656)
3129:(1656)
3123:(1656)
3117:(1655)
3111:(1655)
3081:(1651)
3051:(1647)
3027:(1638)
3009:(1632)
2967:(1623)
2955:(1622)
2949:(1622)
2943:(1622)
2931:(1621)
2889:(1606)
2841:(1596)
2835:(1596)
2823:(1595)
2817:(1595)
2757:(1580)
2625:(1517)
2577:(1501)
2203:
2183:
2159:
2131:
1975:
1858:
1689:17 May
1680:
1613:
1603:
1578:
1568:
1475:17 May
1453:17 May
1444:
1425:17 May
1403:17 May
1394:
1375:17 May
1366:
1347:17 May
1324:17 May
1297:
1287:
1260:
1072:(from
1012:Beykoz
990:Edirne
971:, and
951:Legacy
888:Edirne
714:ad hoc
583:German
579:French
575:Arabic
543:Hikmat
539:Khaled
381:
363:
2257:1913
2045:Sabah
1931:(PDF)
1492:(PDF)
1080:1301)
1053:Works
1046:Tanin
973:Cemal
969:Enver
965:Talat
915:Hanım
870:in a
718:First
712:, an
630:Ferik
602:Crete
592:(now
557:, or
531:Basra
493:. As
72:Pasha
56:Pasha
51:title
2201:ISBN
2181:ISBN
2157:ISBN
2129:ISBN
2057:2020
2015:link
1973:ISBN
1914:2013
1888:2011
1856:ISBN
1745:2023
1691:2022
1678:ISBN
1653:2022
1611:OCLC
1601:ISBN
1576:OCLC
1566:ISBN
1477:2022
1455:2022
1442:ISBN
1427:2022
1405:2022
1392:ISBN
1377:2022
1364:ISBN
1349:2022
1326:2022
1295:OCLC
1285:ISBN
1258:ISBN
886:and
866:and
720:and
663:and
581:and
573:and
565:and
547:Iraq
491:army
390:Rank
290:Died
273:1856
270:Born
2230:ZBW
1061:'s
963:of
809:.
585:.
53:is
45:is
4358::
3697:–
3280:–
2710:–
2488:–
2362:–
2155:.
2151:.
2103:.
2082:.
2077::
2043:.
2011:}}
2007:{{
1999:.
1987:^
1971:.
1969:44
1933:.
1811:.
1792:.
1735:.
1711:.
1693:.
1655:.
1609:.
1574:.
1494:.
1479:.
1457:.
1407:.
1328:.
1293:.
1229:^
1078:H.
1076:,
1065:.
1049:.
1038:,
1004:.
967:,
924:,
824:.
675:.
553:,
482:.
450::
282:,
278:,
3683:e
3676:t
3669:v
3266:e
3259:t
3252:v
2696:e
2689:t
2682:v
2474:e
2467:t
2460:v
2348:e
2341:t
2334:v
2294:e
2287:t
2280:v
2209:.
2171:)
2167:(
2165:.
2137:.
2107:.
2088:.
2059:.
2017:)
2003:.
1981:.
1916:.
1890:.
1864:.
1815:.
1796:.
1779:.
1761:.
1747:.
1617:.
1582:.
1429:.
1379:.
1351:.
1301:.
1266:.
446:(
34:.
20:)
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