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Savitribai, and then the couple started the first indigenously run school for girls in Pune. He also taught his sister
Sagunabai Kshirsagar (his maternal aunt's daughter) to write Marathi with Savitribai. The conservative upper caste society of Pune didn't approve of his work. But many Indians and Europeans helped him generously. Conservatives in Pune also forced his own family and community to ostracize them. During this period, their friend Usman Sheikh and his sister
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Sadashiv Ballal
Govande and Savitribai, he started an infanticide prevention centre. Pamphlets were stuck around Pune advertising the centre in the following words: "Widows, come here and deliver your baby safely and secretly. It is up to your discretion whether you want to keep the baby in the centre or take it with you. This orphanage will take care of the children ." The Phule couple ran the infanticide prevention centre until the mid-1880s.
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283:(Society of Truth Seekers) to attain equal rights for people from lower castes. People from all religions and castes could become a part of this association which worked for the upliftment of the oppressed classes. Phule is regarded as an important figure in the social reform movement in Maharashtra. The honorific MahÄtmÄ (Sanskrit: "great-souled", "venerable"), was first applied to him in 1888 at a special program honoring him in
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He made the decision to educate women by witnessing all these social evils that encouraged inequality. He began with his wife, every afternoon, Jyotirao sat with his wife
Savitribai Phule and educated her when she went to the farms where he worked, to bring him his meal. He sent his wife to get trained at a school. The husband and wife set up India's first girls' school in
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widow named
Kashibai got pregnant and her attempts at abortion didn't succeed. She killed the baby after giving it birth and threw it in a well, but her act came to light. She had to face punishment and was sentenced to jail. This incident greatly upset Phule and hence, along with his longtime friend
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were not permitted to pollute anyone with their shadows and that they had to attach a broom to their backs to wipe the path on which they had traveled. He saw how untouchable women had been forced to dance naked. He saw young widows shaving their heads, refraining from any sort of joy in their life.
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Govindrao married
Chimnabai and had two sons, of whom Jyotirao was the youngest. Chimnabai died before he was aged one. The then backward Mali community did not give much significance to education and thus after attending primary school where he learnt the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic,
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that the Aryan conquerors of India, whom the theory's proponents considered to be racially superior, were in fact barbaric suppressors of the indigenous people. He believed that they had instituted the caste system as a framework for subjugation and social division that ensured the pre-eminence of
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friend. Phule participated in the customary marriage procession, but was later rebuked and insulted by his friend's parents for doing so. They told him that he being from a Shudra caste should have had the sense to keep away from that ceremony. This incident profoundly affected him and shaped his
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and developed a keen sense of social justice. He realized that exploited castes and women were at a disadvantage in Indian society, and also that education of these sections was vital to their emancipation. To this end and in the same year, Phule first taught reading and writing to his wife,
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At an education commission hearing in 1882, Phule called for help in providing education for lower castes. To implement it, he advocated making primary education compulsory in villages. He also asked for special incentives to get more lower-caste people in high schools and colleges.
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Jyotirao was withdrawn from school by his father. He joined the other members of his family at work, both in the shop and in the farm. However, a man from the same Mali caste as Phule's recognised his intelligence and persuaded Phule's father to allow him to attend the local
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system, whereby no tax would be payable upon it. The oldest brother machinated to take sole control of the property, leaving the younger two siblings, Jyotirao Phule's father, Govindrao, to continue farming and also flower-selling.
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seeking employment. The boys were taken under the wing of a florist who taught them the secrets of the trade. Their proficiency in growing and arranging became well known and they adopted the name
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Apart from his role as a social activist, Phule was a businessman too. In 1882 he styled himself as a merchant, cultivator and municipal contractor. He owned 60 acres (24 ha) of farmland at
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279:, were pioneers of women's education in India. Phule started his first school for girls in 1848 in Pune at Tatyasaheb Bhide's residence or Bhidewada. He, along with his followers, formed the
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as more of the same sort of thing, being a repressive alien regime, but took heart in the arrival of the
British, whom he considered to be relatively enlightened and not supportive of the
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Phule tried to eliminate the stigma of social untouchability surrounding the exploited castes by opening his house and the use of his water well to the members of the exploited castes.
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514:, he thanked Christian missionaries and the British colonists for making the exploited castes realise that they are worthy of all human rights. The book, whose title transliterates as
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The membership of the samaj included
Muslims, Brahmins and government officials. Phule's own Mali caste provided the leading members and financial supporters for the organization.
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provided them with shelter. They also helped to start the school on their premises. Later, the Phules started schools for children from the then untouchable castes such as
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and started a home for dominant caste pregnant widows to give birth in a safe and secure place in 1863. His orphanage was established in an attempt to reduce the rate of
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Phule established
Satyashodhak Samaj with the ideals of human well-being, happiness, unity, equality, and easy religious principles and rituals. A Pune-based newspaper,
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Mahatma Phule Wada, Pune. This is the place where Phule stayed with his wife
Savitribai Phule for a certain period in his life. It was built in around 1852.
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Phule was appointed commissioner (municipal council member) to the then Poona municipality in 1876 and served in this unelected position until 1883.
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The Prime
Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee unveiled the statue of Jyotirao Phule at Parliament House in New Delhi on 3 December 2003.
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and denounced the caste system. Satyashodhak Samaj campaigned for the spread of rational thinking and rejected the need for priests.
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808:, Bombay: 1974). Unpublished material relating to him is held by the Bombay State Committee on the History of the Freedom Movement.
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1781:"How Savitribai Phule, India's first female teacher, dealt with abusers hell bent on preventing her from educating girls"
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Brown, Kevin D. (2018). "African-American Perspectives on Common Struggles". In Yengde, Suraj; Teltumbde, Anand (eds.).
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259:(11 April 1827 ā 28 November 1890), also known as Jyotiba Phule, was an Indian social activist, businessman, anti-caste
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and which concerned women, caste and reform, was dedicated to the people in the US who were working to end slavery.
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Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low Caste Protest in Nineteenth-Century Western India
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in In 1847, the Students' literary and scientific society started the Kamalabai high school for girls in the
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On 24 September 1874, Phule formed Satyashodhak Samaj to focus on rights of depressed groups such women, the
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Bhadru, G. (2002). "Contribution of Shatyashodhak Samaj to the Low Caste Protest Movement in 19Th Century".
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Bhadru, G. (2002). "Contribution of Shatyashodhak Samaj to the Low Caste Protest Movement in 19th Century".
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The full-length statue inaugurated at the premises of Vidhan Bhavan (Assembly Building of Maharashtra State)
343:. There, his only son, Shetiba, brought the family into poverty. The family, including three sons, moved to
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1697:"Remembering Fatima Sheikh, the first Muslim teacher who laid the foundation of Dalit-Muslim unity"
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near Pune. One of Phule's businesses, established in 1863, was to supply metal-casting equipment.
542:(broken, crushed) as a descriptor for those people who were outside the traditional varna system.
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drama television series based on the life and work of Savitribai and Jyotiba Phule was aired on
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Peasants and Imperial Rule: Agriculture and Agrarian Society in the Bombay Presidency 1850ā1935
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of Barasat in 1847. The Parsi community Mumbai had also established a school for girls in 1847.
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is an Indian Marathi-language biographical journey through the life of Mahatma Jyotirao Phule.
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497:(King Bali) which predated "Aryans' treacherous coup d'etat". He proposed his own version of
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Bibliographical Survey of Social Reform Movements in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
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902:(1954), an Indian Marathi-language biographical film about the social reformer was directed
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drafting committee. Ambedkar had acknowledged Phule as one of his three gurus or masters.
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Feminist Writings from Ancient Times to the Modern World: A Global Sourcebook and History
1189:"Remembering the pioneer of women's education in India: Contributions by Jyotirao Phule"
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Pioneering Education for Girls across the Globe: Advocates and Entrepreneurs, 1742-1910
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on 11 May 1888 by another social reformer from Bombay, Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar.
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321:. He was born on the day of Jyotiba's annual fair. Phule's family, previously named
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and for his efforts in educating women and oppressed caste people. He and his wife,
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529:(Bali Raja) as hero. His critique of the caste system began with an attack on the
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2246:"Snapshots from Mahatma Jotirao Phule's life, through the eyes of his close aide"
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system instigated and then perpetuated by those previous invaders. In his book,
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Education and the disprivileged : nineteenth and twentieth-century India
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The turning point in his life was in 1848, when he attended the wedding of a
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2426:"ą¤®ą„ą¤°ą¤¾ ą¤ą„ą¤µą¤Ø ą¤¤ą„ą¤Ø ą¤ą„ą¤°ą„ą¤ą¤ ą¤ą¤° ą¤¤ą„ą¤Ø ą¤ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤øą„ą¤Æą„ą¤ ą¤øą„ ą¤¬ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„- ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤øą¤¾ą¤¹ą¤¬ ą¤”ą„ ą¤¬ą„ą¤ą¤° ą¤
ą¤®ą„ą¤¬ą„ą¤”ą¤ą¤°"
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There are many structures and places commemorating Phule. These include:
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Contesting Power: Resistance and Everyday Social Relations in South Asia
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Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India
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Aryans, Jews, Brahmins: Theorizing Authority Through Myths of Identity
1126:"Remembering Jyotirao Phule: The Pioneer Of Girls' Education In India"
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blames the closure on private European donations drying up due to the
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as a symbol of oppression stemming from the Aryan conquests and took
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Jyotirao Phule, also known as Jyotiba Phule, was born in Poona (now
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1921:"Missionary Teachings and Social Reformers in 19th Century India"
1844:"PM Modi pays tributes to Mahatma Phule on his birth anniversary"
1593:"Cynthia Farrar the missionary woman who inspired Jyotirao Phule"
1759:(1. publ. ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman. pp. 35ā37.
1061:"The Polemics of Mahatma Jyotiba Phule on His Birth Anniversary"
344:
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Mahatma Jotirao Phooley: Father of the Indian Social Revolution
800:) (A. K. Ghorpade, Poona: 1953), which is also in Marathi, and
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Thakkar, Usha; Kamala Ganesh, Kamala; Bhagwat, Vidyut (2005).
1810:
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1453:"ą¤øą¤¾ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą¤æą¤ ą¤µ ą¤¶ą„ą¤ą„ą¤·ą¤£ą¤æą¤ ą¤ą„ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤ą¤¤ą„ą¤ą„ ą¤ą¤Øą¤ ą¤®ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą¤¾ ą¤ą„ą¤¤ą¤æą¤¬ą¤¾ ą¤«ą„ą¤²ą„ | Sakal"
2176:(Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 277.
1219:"Savitribai Phule: The pioneer of women's education in India"
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understanding of the injustice inherent to the caste system.
267:. His work extended to many fields, including eradication of
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issued a postage stamp in year 1977 in the honour of Phule.
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Phule appealed for reestablishment of the reign of mythical
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Selections: Collected Works of Mahatma Jotirao Phule Vol II
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Selections: Collected Works of Mahatma Jotirao Phule Vol II
1825:
1823:
2512:"TRP ą¤®ą¤æą¤³ą¤¤ ą¤Øą¤øą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Øą¤ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤µą¤æą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą„ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤ ą¤«ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤ą¤µą¤°ą¤ą„ ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤²ą¤æą¤ą¤¾ ą¤
ą¤ą„ą¤° ą¤¬ą¤ą¤¦"
1507:
Rowena Robinson; Joseph Marianus Kujur (17 August 2010).
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Culture and the making of identity in contemporary India
2090:"Mahatma Jyotirao Phule: Reformer Far Ahead of his Time"
1950:"Jotirao Phule and the history of Marathi print culture"
1510:
Margins of Faith: Dalit and Tribal Christianity in India
1156:"Mahatma Jyotirao Phule: Reformer far ahead of his time"
1027:
as the Indian societal system that "regulates the duty (
339:, or low-ranking village official, moved to Khanwadi in
202:ā¢ Govindrao Phule (father) ā¢ Chimanabai Phule (mother)
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Magazine, Vol 9, Issue 24. 16 June 2012. Archived from
1984:
Understanding Caste: From Buddha to Ambedkar and Beyond
802:
Mahatma Jyotibha Phule: Father of Our Social Revolution
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Satyashodhak Samajokt Mangalashtakasah Sarva Puja-vidhi
333:. Phule's great-grandfather, who had worked there as a
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2068:. Socio Legal Information Cent. 2009. pp. 70ā.
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Discoveries, Missionary Expansion and Asian Cultures
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2365:Teltumbde, Anand; Yengde, Suraj (2 November 2018).
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1753:Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi; Zelliot, Eleanor (2002).
590:Statues of Jyotirao Phule and Savitribai Phule, at
407:In 1848, aged 21, Phule visited a girls' school in
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30:"Mahatma Phule" redirects here. For 1954 film, see
1581:. Mumbai: Government of Maharashtra. pp. xvi.
1100:"ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą„ą¤ą¤¾ą¤®ą„ ą¤µą¤æą¤ą¤¾ą¤° ą¤øą¤®ą¤°ą„ą¤„ą¤Ŗą¤£ą„ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤¢ą„ ą¤Øą„ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤°ą„ ą¤®ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą¤¾ ą¤«ą„ą¤²ą„"
650:Powada : Chatrapati Shivajiraje Bhosle Yancha
1564:. Mumbai: Government of Maharashtra. pp. xv.
575:, provided the voice for the views of the Samaj.
536:He is credited with introducing the Marathi word
2656:(Revised ed.), Cambridge University Press,
2039:Ayyankali ā Dalit Leader of Organic Protest
974:and educated pupils from a wide range of castes.
970:The Scottish Mission school was operated by the
502:their Brahmin successors. He saw the subsequent
2632:, in Haynes, Douglas E.; Prakash, Gyan (eds.),
2630:"Issues of Widowhood in Colonial Western India"
477:In 1863, Pune witnessed a horrific incident. A
2371:. Penguin Random House India Private Limited.
1666:"ą¤øą¤¾ą¤µą¤æą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą„ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤: ą¤øą„ą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą„ą¤®ą„ą¤ą„ą¤¤ą„ą¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤ą¤¦ą„ą¤Æ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą¤£ą„ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾"
942:-language biopic was made about Phule in 2018.
832:, formerly known as Crawford Market, in Mumbai
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2368:The Radical in Ambedkar: Critical Reflections
2320:. New Delhi: Sage Publications. p. 169.
1900:(1968). "Emancipation or Re-integration". In
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792:(P. S. Patil, Chikali: 1927). Two others are
8:
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2219:. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner. p.
2007:
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355:. Their fulfillment of commissions from the
999:. The school is still operational in 2016.
862:Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University
504:Muslim conquests of the Indian subcontinent
299:) in 1827 to a family that belonged to the
144:ā¢ Scottish Mission highschool, Poona (1842)
3300:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
2792:
2778:
2770:
2739:Dr. J. P. Dodamani (tra. Kannada).(2011).
2277:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
2124:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
54:
38:
4314:19th-century Indian educational theorists
2482:"ą¤øą¤¾ą¤µą¤æą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą„-ą¤ą„ą¤¤ą¤æą¤°ą¤¾ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤ą¤°ą¤æą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤µą¤° ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤²ą¤æą¤ą¤¾"
2117:
2115:
1908:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 132.
751:A statue of Jyotiba Phule in the town of
633:. Among his notable published works are:
2019:
1927:. Concept Publishing. pp. 110ā111.
1884:
1872:
1829:
1254:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 35.
771:
4359:Founders of Indian schools and colleges
4219:
2400:"The Greatness of Mahatma Jotiba Phule"
1906:Soundings in Modern South Asian History
1052:
1031:) of every man according to his caste (
963:
763:, Phule was bestowed with the title of
2352:
2244:Kale, Govind Ganapat (11 April 2020).
858:, the biggest vegetable market in Pune
656:Powada: Vidyakhatyatil Brahman Pantoji
2700:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp.
2541:R, Shilpa Sebastian (8 August 2018).
1331:from the original on 28 November 2021
1166:from the original on 18 December 2020
790:Mahatma Jotirao Phule Yanche Charitra
7:
2614:, Mumbai, India: Popular Prakashan,
2561:from the original on 19 October 2020
2301:
2196:
2155:. University of Pune. Archived from
1948:Malli, Karthik (30 September 2022).
1732:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 35ā37.
1707:from the original on 12 October 2018
1494:
1383:"Anti-Caste Movement in Maharashtra"
1301:from the original on 5 December 2020
1277:
1183:
1181:
1136:from the original on 9 November 2020
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
785:An early biography of Phule was the
325:, had its origins in the village of
2697:Untouchable, Dalits in Modern India
2692:"Phule's Critique of Brahmin Power"
2522:from the original on 3 January 2022
2492:from the original on 3 January 2022
2216:Untouchable: Dalits in Modern India
2211:"Phule's critique of Brahmin power"
2153:"Life & Work of Mahatma Jotira"
1791:from the original on 3 January 2021
1676:from the original on 3 January 2022
1463:from the original on 3 January 2022
1248:Jill Sperandio (11 December 2018).
415:. It was also in 1848 that he read
27:Indian Social Activist and Reformer
2636:, University of California Press,
2585:Figueira, Dorothy Matilda (2012),
2406:from the original on 16 April 2019
2256:from the original on 13 April 2020
2100:from the original on 29 March 2020
1962:from the original on 20 April 2023
1923:. In de Souza, Teotonio R. (ed.).
1854:from the original on 13 April 2020
1622:from the original on 10 March 2023
1199:from the original on 16 April 2021
1003:started a school for girls called
678:(Cultivator's Whipcord), July 1881
25:
2065:Human Rights and Budgets in India
1428:. Penguin Books. pp. 45ā54.
1405:from the original on 25 June 2021
1321:"ą¤ą„ą¤¤ą¤æą¤¬ą¤¾ ą¤«ą„ą¤²ą„ 'ą¤®ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą¤¾' ą¤ą¤øą„ ą¤¬ą¤Øą¤²ą„?"
1229:from the original on 24 June 2021
1067:from the original on 9 March 2023
867:Subharti College of Physiotherapy
700:Gramjoshya sambhandi jahir kabhar
562:. Through this samaj, he opposed
4246:
4234:
4222:
2994:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
1987:. Orient Blackswan. p. 62.
1726:Sabyasachi Bhattacharya (2002).
1695:Mohan, Siddhant (7 April 2017).
3234:Provisional Government of India
2746:Wayne, Tiffany K., ed. (2011).
2719:Guha, Ramachandra, ed. (2011).
987:had started a girls' school in
842:Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth
794:Mahatma Phule. Caritra Va Kriya
712:Sarvajanik Satya Dharma Poostak
625:were organically linked to the
136:ā¢ Jyotiba Phule ā¢ Mahatma Phule
4349:19th-century Indian historians
1005:Kalikrishna Girls' High School
1:
1611:"American Marathi mission..."
1387:Economic and Political Weekly
869:was formerly named after him.
844:(Agricultural University) in
718:Sarvajanic Satya Dharmapustak
3843:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
3119:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
2801:Indian independence movement
2725:. Harvard University Press.
2650:O'Hanlon, Rosalind (2002) ,
911:Krantijyoti Savitribai Phule
830:Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Mandai
798:Mahatma Phule. Life and Work
411:run by Christian missionary
376:Scottish Mission High School
60:Photograph of Jyotirao Phule
4309:People from Satara district
4033:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
3420:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
2694:. In Michael, S. M. (ed.).
2628:O'Hanlon, Rosalind (1992),
2213:. In Michael, S. M. (ed.).
2170:Charlesworth, Neil (2002).
489:Views on religion and caste
335:
4380:
4299:Women's education in India
4284:Activists from Maharashtra
3768:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
3320:Indian Independence League
3037:Partition of Bengal (1947)
3032:Partition of Bengal (1905)
2042:. Other Books. p. 8.
29:
4319:Scholars from Maharashtra
3943:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
3743:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
3440:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
3315:Indian Home Rule movement
3154:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
3094:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
2690:Gavaskar, Mahesh (1999).
2543:"Will it be a hat-trick?"
2388:– via Google Books.
2209:Gavaskar, Mahesh (1999).
1513:. SAGE Publishing India.
1291:"Who was Jyotirao Phule?"
890:) was first performed by
629:of Marathi Varkari saint
351:(flower-man) in place of
250:
206:
53:
4354:Social justice activists
4324:Writers from Maharashtra
4294:Marathi-language writers
4182:Indian annexation of Goa
4028:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
3540:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
3305:Indian National Congress
3104:Non-cooperation movement
983:The American missionary
780:Indian Postal Department
257:Jyotirao Govindrao Phule
4334:Indian social reformers
4187:Indian Independence Act
3773:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
3748:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
3718:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
3455:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
3435:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
3270:All-India Muslim League
3224:Royal Air Force strikes
3189:Round table conferences
3179:Chittagong armoury raid
3069:HinduāGerman Conspiracy
3052:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
2822:Porto Grande de Bengala
1919:Doctor, Adi H. (1994).
1848:Business Standard India
1575:Phule, Jotirao (1991).
1558:Phule, Jotirao (1991).
1426:The Radical in Ambedkar
972:Free Church of Scotland
449:
4339:Indian revolutionaries
3973:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
3878:Purushottam Das Tandon
3244:Praja Mandala movement
3058:The Indian Sociologist
2741:Mahatma Jyotirao Phule
2722:Makers of Modern India
1381:Jadhav, M. H. (1986).
1352:, pp. 3, 105ā106.
1023:has been described by
811:Phule's work inspired
776:
756:
744:
729:Asprushyanchi Kaifiyat
724:Akhandadi Kavyarachana
595:
404:
4197:Political integration
3938:Shyamji Krishna Varma
3723:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
3668:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
3500:Rettamalai Srinivasan
3460:Mahadev Govind Ranade
3265:All India Kisan Sabha
3229:Coup d'Ć©tat of Yanaon
3129:Qissa Khwani massacre
3114:Coolie-Begar movement
2929:Second Anglo-Sikh War
2355:, pp. 32ā33, 40.
2250:www.thenewsminute.com
1981:Omvedt, Gail (2011).
1842:ANI (11 April 2017).
882:'s biographical play
856:Mahathma Phule Mandai
817:Indian constitution's
775:
750:
742:
589:
499:Aryan invasion theory
402:
18:Mahatma Jyotiba Phule
4364:Anti-caste activists
4344:Anti-caste movements
4023:Veeran Sundaralingam
3978:Tara Rani Srivastava
3913:Sahajanand Saraswati
3803:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
3688:Chandra Shekhar Azad
3593:Alluri Sitarama Raju
3550:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
3505:Sahajanand Saraswati
3425:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
3325:Indian National Army
3169:Dharasana Satyagraha
3074:Champaran Satyagraha
2924:First Anglo-Sikh War
2096:. 4 September 2019.
1297:. 28 November 2017.
1063:. 28 November 2016.
946:Satyashodhak (2024),
836:Mahatma Phule Museum
32:Mahatma Phule (film)
4008:V. K. Krishna Menon
3953:Subhas Chandra Bose
3838:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
3833:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
3728:Govind Ballabh Pant
3708:Dayananda Saraswati
3633:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3430:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
3410:Dhondo Keshav Karve
3405:Dayananda Saraswati
3400:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3375:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
2888:Anglo-Maratha Wars
1898:Rothermund, Dietmar
1887:, pp. 143ā157.
1643:, pp. 110ā113.
1371:, pp. 105ā106.
1001:Peary Charan Sarkar
904:Pralhad Keshav Atre
850:Ahmednagar District
675:Shetkarayacha Aasud
664:(Muhammad) (Abhang)
329:, near the town of
163:Shetkaryancha Aasud
4304:Satyashodhak Samaj
4192:Partition of India
4038:Yashwantrao Holkar
4003:V. O. Chidamabaram
3958:Subramania Bharati
3888:Rahul Sankrityayan
3873:Pritilata Waddedar
3783:Shri Krishna Singh
3683:C. Rajagopalachari
3673:Bidhan Chandra Roy
3658:Bhavabhushan Mitra
3643:Begum Hazrat Mahal
3598:Annapurna Maharana
3470:Muthulakshmi Reddy
3415:G. Subramania Iyer
3109:Christmas Day Plot
2984:Indian nationalism
2934:Sannyasi rebellion
2832:East India Company
2462:on 14 October 2012
2010:, p. 147-149.
1295:The Indian Express
1025:Dietmar Rothermund
874:In popular culture
777:
757:
745:
644:Brahmananche Kasab
596:
550:Satyashodhak Samaj
454:Phule watched how
405:
281:Satyashodhak Samaj
245:social reformation
156:Brahmananche Kasab
4210:
4209:
4177:Republic of India
4013:Vallabhbhai Patel
3998:Ubaidullah Sindhi
3898:Ram Prasad Bismil
3793:M. Bhaktavatsalam
3753:Jatindra Nath Das
3678:Bipin Chandra Pal
3613:Babu Kunwar Singh
3583:Achyut Patwardhan
3340:Khudai Khidmatgar
3184:GandhiāIrwin Pact
3124:Kakori conspiracy
3084:Rowlatt Committee
3047:Direct Action Day
3009:Swadeshi movement
2989:Khilafat Movement
2979:Hindu nationalism
2939:Rebellion of 1857
2862:Anglo-Mysore Wars
2852:Battle of Plassey
2757:978-0-31334-581-4
2732:978-0-67405-246-8
2711:978-1-55587-697-5
2663:978-0-52152-308-0
2643:978-0-52007-585-6
2621:978-81-7154-066-2
2598:978-0-79148-783-9
2516:Maharashtra Times
2452:"Life As Message"
2402:. 11 April 2015.
2183:978-0-52152-640-1
2159:on 11 March 2009.
2075:978-81-89479-58-9
2049:978-8-19038-876-4
1994:978-81-250-4175-7
1934:978-8-17022-497-6
1739:978-81-250-2192-6
1670:Maharashtra Times
1597:The Satya Shodhak
1520:978-93-86042-93-4
1261:978-1-4985-2488-9
1106:on 3 January 2022
1035:) and age-grade (
1021:Varnashramadharma
755:, Satara district
508:varnashramadharma
463:, Pune, in 1848.
444:Rebellion of 1857
254:
253:
116:Bombay Presidency
84:Bombay Presidency
16:(Redirected from
4371:
4251:
4250:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4218:
4202:Simla Conference
3993:Tiruppur Kumaran
3963:Subramaniya Siva
3918:Sangolli Rayanna
3908:Rash Behari Bose
3848:Nagnath Naikwadi
3758:Jawaharlal Nehru
3703:Dadabhai Naoroji
3698:Chittaranjan Das
3588:A. K. Fazlul Huq
3510:Savitribai Phule
3335:Khaksar movement
3290:Berlin Committee
3275:Anushilan Samiti
3239:Independence Day
3199:Aundh Experiment
3174:Vedaranyam March
3079:Kheda Satyagraha
3064:Singapore Mutiny
2847:Portuguese India
2794:
2787:
2780:
2771:
2761:
2736:
2715:
2678:
2666:
2646:
2624:
2601:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2432:on 13 April 2019
2428:. Archived from
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2230:978-155587-697-5
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2119:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2034:Kandasamy, Meena
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1818:
1812:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1449:
1440:
1439:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1162:. 27 June 2019.
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1102:. Archived from
1096:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1057:
1040:
1018:
1012:
995:neighborhood of
981:
975:
968:
936:Savitribai Phule
888:The Truth Seeker
787:Marathi-language
684:Ank 1, June 1885
523:Vishnu's avatars
468:widow remarriage
338:
277:Savitribai Phule
263:and writer from
185:Savitribai Phule
151:
133:Other names
107:
104:28 November 1890
75:
73:
58:
39:
21:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4329:Dalit activists
4259:
4258:
4257:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4223:
4221:
4213:
4211:
4206:
4167:Cabinet Mission
4155:
4059:British leaders
4054:
4043:Yogendra Shukla
3948:Siraj ud-Daulah
3903:Rani Lakshmibai
3893:Rajendra Prasad
3883:R. Venkataraman
3828:Mithuben Petitā
3808:Mahadaji Shinde
3788:Lala Lajpat Rai
3623:Bahadur Shah II
3608:Ashfaqulla Khan
3578:Accamma Cherian
3573:Abul Kalam Azad
3565:
3559:
3530:Syed Ahmad Khan
3520:Sister Nivedita
3485:Pandita Ramabai
3480:Niralamba Swami
3445:J. B. Kripalani
3370:Ashfaqulla Khan
3362:
3356:
3295:Ghadar Movement
3253:
3134:Flag Satyagraha
3042:Revolutionaries
3024:
3018:
2961:
2955:
2857:Battle of Buxar
2803:
2798:
2768:
2758:
2745:
2733:
2718:
2712:
2689:
2686:
2684:Further reading
2681:
2669:
2664:
2649:
2644:
2627:
2622:
2606:Keer, Dhananjay
2604:
2599:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2341:O'Hanlon (1992)
2339:
2335:
2328:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2300:
2296:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2094:Hindustan Times
2088:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2020:Figueira (2012)
2018:
2014:
2008:O'Hanlon (2002)
2006:
2002:
1995:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1885:Figueira (2012)
1883:
1879:
1873:Figueira (2012)
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1830:Figueira (2012)
1828:
1821:
1815:O'Hanlon (2002)
1813:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1653:O'Hanlon (2002)
1651:
1647:
1641:O'Hanlon (2002)
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1546:O'Hanlon (2002)
1544:
1540:
1534:O'Hanlon (2002)
1532:
1528:
1521:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1497:, pp. 1ā3.
1493:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1393:(17): 740ā742.
1380:
1379:
1375:
1369:O'Hanlon (2002)
1367:
1356:
1350:O'Hanlon (2002)
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1160:Hindustan Times
1154:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1043:
1019:
1015:
982:
978:
969:
965:
955:
892:Jan Natya Manch
880:G. P. Deshpande
876:
737:
690:Ank 2 June 1885
662:Manav Mahammand
619:
617:Published works
584:
552:
491:
461:Vishrambag Wada
452:
450:Women's welfare
440:Eleanor Zelliot
397:
392:
390:Social activism
311:caste hierarchy
293:
261:social reformer
229:
149:
141:Alma mater
128:
122:
109:
105:
96:
91:(present Pune,
90:
77:
71:
69:
61:
49:
48:Jyotirao Phule
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4377:
4375:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4289:Marathi people
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4269:Jyotirao Phule
4261:
4260:
4256:
4255:
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3983:Tarak Nath Das
3980:
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3933:Shuja-ud-Daula
3930:
3925:
3923:Sarojini Naidu
3920:
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3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
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3868:Prafulla Chaki
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:Mahatma Gandhi
3810:
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3785:
3780:
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3535:Vakkom Moulavi
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3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
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3465:Mahatma Gandhi
3462:
3457:
3452:
3450:Jyotirao Phule
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3390:B. R. Ambedkar
3387:
3382:
3380:Ayya Vaikundar
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3357:
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3209:Cripps Mission
3206:
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3196:
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3181:
3176:
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3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
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3126:
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3106:
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3099:Noakhali riots
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
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3054:
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3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
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2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2962:and ideologies
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2944:Radcliffe Line
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2919:Vellore Mutiny
2916:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
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2886:
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2774:
2767:
2766:External links
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2581:
2573:
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2518:(in Marathi).
2503:
2488:(in Marathi).
2473:
2443:
2417:
2391:
2377:
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2343:, p. 107.
2333:
2326:
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2294:
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2189:
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2141:
2111:
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2012:
2000:
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1973:
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1865:
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1819:
1817:, p. 135.
1802:
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1672:(in Marathi).
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1655:, p. 118.
1645:
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1584:
1567:
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1548:, p. 105.
1538:
1536:, p. 110.
1526:
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1499:
1474:
1457:www.esakal.com
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1373:
1354:
1342:
1327:(in Marathi).
1325:BBC News ą¤®ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤ ą„
1312:
1282:
1280:, p. 247.
1267:
1260:
1240:
1210:
1177:
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1013:
985:Cynthia Farrar
976:
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954:
951:
950:
949:
943:
933:
932:in 2019- 2020.
919:
907:
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833:
827:
813:B. R. Ambedkar
806:Dhananjay Keer
761:Dhananjay Keer
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715:
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703:
697:
696:, October 1885
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594:in Maharashtra
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466:He championed
451:
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413:Cynthia Farrar
396:
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269:untouchability
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228:Main interests
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3853:Nana Fadnavis
3851:
3849:
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3824:
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3691:
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3664:
3663:Bhikaiji Cama
3661:
3659:
3656:
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3653:Bharathidasan
3651:
3649:
3646:
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3639:
3638:Basawon Singh
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3258:Organisations
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3144:1928 Protests
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923:
922:Savitri Jyoti
920:
917:
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901:
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899:Mahatma Phule
896:
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638:Tritiya Ratna
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422:Rights of Man
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120:British India
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88:British India
85:
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76:11 April 1827
68:
64:
57:
52:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4172:Constitution
4160:Independence
4047:
4018:Vanchinathan
3648:Bhagat Singh
3603:Annie Besant
3564:Independence
3545:Vinoba Bhave
3449:
3349:
3345:Swaraj Party
3249:Lucknow Pact
3159:Purna Swaraj
3149:Nehru Report
3056:
2960:Philosophies
2948:
2914:Polygar Wars
2842:French India
2827:Dutch Bengal
2817:Colonisation
2750:. ABC-CLIO.
2747:
2721:
2696:
2674:
2652:
2633:
2610:
2587:
2578:Bibliography
2577:
2576:
2563:. Retrieved
2546:
2536:
2524:. Retrieved
2515:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2485:
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2460:the original
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2430:the original
2420:
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2367:
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2258:. Retrieved
2249:
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2172:
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2157:the original
2127:
2123:
2102:. Retrieved
2093:
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2064:
2058:
2038:
2027:
2015:
2003:
1983:
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1953:
1943:
1924:
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1905:
1892:
1880:
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1856:. Retrieved
1847:
1837:
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1465:. Retrieved
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1390:
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1333:. Retrieved
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1201:. Retrieved
1192:
1168:. Retrieved
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1129:
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1104:the original
1069:. Retrieved
1055:
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1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1009:Bengali town
979:
966:
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945:
938:, an Indian
935:
930:Sony Marathi
921:
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884:Satyashodhak
883:
821:
810:
801:
797:
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728:
723:
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608:Yerawda Jail
597:
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553:
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456:untouchables
453:
420:
417:Thomas Paine
406:
380:
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364:
352:
348:
322:
304:
294:
273:caste system
256:
255:
173:
167:
162:
159:
155:
150:Notable work
106:(1890-11-28)
36:
4279:1890 deaths
4274:1827 births
4116:Mountbatten
3738:Hemu Kalani
3618:Bagha Jatin
3555:Vivekananda
3310:India House
3194:Act of 1935
2969:Ambedkarism
2837:British Raj
2302:Keer (1974)
2283:: 845ā854.
2197:Keer (1974)
2130:: 845ā854.
2032:Nisar, M.;
1955:The Caravan
1795:18 December
1785:India Today
1701:Two Circles
1495:Keer (1974)
1335:28 November
1305:18 December
1278:Keer (1974)
1233:18 December
1203:18 December
1193:India Today
1170:18 December
1140:18 December
916:DD National
658:, June 1869
472:infanticide
361:Baji Rao II
265:Maharashtra
125:Maharashtra
93:Maharashtra
4263:Categories
4146:Linlithgow
4086:Chelmsford
4076:Cornwallis
3988:Tatya Tope
3858:Nana Saheb
3763:K. Kamaraj
3713:Dhan Singh
3628:Bakht Khan
3280:Arya Samaj
3214:Quit India
3164:Salt March
3023:Events and
2999:Satyagraha
2565:23 January
1902:Low, D. A.
953:References
592:Aurangabad
582:Occupation
572:Deenbandhu
558:, and the
521:Phule saw
409:Ahmednagar
309:system of
301:Mali caste
291:Early life
214:1827- 1890
72:1827-04-11
4253:Education
4121:Wellesley
4106:Dalhousie
3968:Surya Sen
3863:P. Kakkan
3823:Mir Qasim
3798:M. N. Roy
3733:Har Dayal
3566:activists
3395:Baba Amte
3385:Ayyankali
3363:reformers
3285:Azad Hind
3025:movements
3004:Socialism
2555:0971-751X
2547:The Hindu
2526:3 January
2496:3 January
1680:3 January
1467:3 January
1409:2 October
1110:3 January
1047:Citations
668:Gulamgiri
512:Gulamgiri
395:Education
336:chaughula
241:education
168:Gulamgiri
166:(1883) ā¢
127:, India)
95:, India)
4151:Hastings
4111:Bentinck
3330:Jugantar
2974:Gandhism
2673:(1975),
2608:(1974),
2559:Archived
2520:Archived
2490:Archived
2486:Loksatta
2436:24 April
2410:24 April
2404:Archived
2384:24 April
2289:44158153
2260:13 April
2254:Archived
2136:44158153
2098:Archived
2036:(2007).
1966:20 April
1960:Archived
1852:Archived
1789:Archived
1705:Archived
1674:Archived
1626:10 March
1620:Archived
1461:Archived
1403:Archived
1329:Archived
1299:Archived
1227:Archived
1223:The Week
1197:Archived
1164:Archived
1134:Archived
1130:NDTV.com
1065:Archived
918:in 2016.
894:in 1992.
702:, (1886)
623:akhandas
621:Phule's
606:and the
564:idolatry
527:Mahabali
495:Mahabali
419:'s book
271:and the
237:humanism
219:Language
191:Children
170:(1873)
158:(1869)
4241:History
4215:Portals
4071:Canning
3490:Periyar
3139:Bardoli
2907:Gwalior
2809:History
2466:13 June
2456:Tehelka
2104:5 April
1904:(ed.).
1858:5 April
1399:4375602
1071:9 March
1037:ashrama
1007:in the
993:Girgaon
940:Kannada
926:Marathi
838:in Pune
766:Mahatma
631:Tukaram
627:abhangs
516:slavery
479:Brahmin
383:Brahmin
319:Jyotiba
222:Marathi
44:MahÄtmÄ
4141:Cripps
4136:Outram
4126:Lytton
4091:Curzon
4066:Wavell
3361:Social
3014:Swaraj
2897:Second
2882:Fourth
2872:Second
2754:
2729:
2708:
2660:
2640:
2618:
2595:
2553:
2375:
2324:
2287:
2227:
2180:
2134:
2072:
2046:
1991:
1931:
1763:
1736:
1711:19 May
1517:
1432:
1397:
1258:
1029:dharma
997:Bombay
989:Bombay
846:Rahuri
735:Legacy
720:, 1891
708:, 1887
694:Ishara
688:Satsar
682:Satsar
670:, 1873
646:, 1869
640:, 1855
600:Manjri
556:Shudra
357:Peshwa
331:Satara
327:Katgun
317:deity
285:Mumbai
233:Ethics
199:Family
181:Spouse
176:(1855)
4229:India
4131:Clive
4101:Minto
4096:Ripon
4081:Irwin
3515:Shahu
2902:Third
2892:First
2877:Third
2867:First
2702:43ā56
2285:JSTOR
2132:JSTOR
1615:Sakal
1395:JSTOR
1033:varna
958:Notes
753:Karad
560:Dalit
539:dalit
531:Vedas
432:Mahar
353:Gorhe
349:Phule
345:Poona
323:Gorhe
315:Hindu
306:varna
80:Poona
4049:more
3351:more
2950:more
2752:ISBN
2727:ISBN
2706:ISBN
2658:ISBN
2638:ISBN
2616:ISBN
2593:ISBN
2567:2019
2551:ISSN
2528:2022
2498:2022
2468:2012
2438:2019
2412:2019
2386:2019
2373:ISBN
2322:ISBN
2262:2020
2225:ISBN
2178:ISBN
2106:2020
2070:ISBN
2044:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1968:2023
1929:ISBN
1860:2020
1797:2020
1761:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1713:2017
1682:2022
1628:2023
1515:ISBN
1469:2022
1430:ISBN
1411:2020
1337:2021
1307:2020
1256:ISBN
1235:2020
1205:2020
1172:2020
1142:2020
1112:2022
1073:2023
924:, a
436:Mang
434:and
366:Inam
297:Pune
112:Pune
101:Died
66:Born
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