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830:, Maidan Nezalezhnosti continues to attract political protesters. Mass rallies for political candidates have attracted large numbers, with the 2009 "Batkivshchyna" party congress (during which Yulia Tymoshenko was nominated as a candidate for president) being a notable example that brought nearly 200,000 people to the square.
454:, which is the terminal end of Khreshchatyk. Besides Khreshchatyk, which splits the square in half, several other streets lead to the square. These include Architect Horodecki Street, Institute Street, Michael Street, Kosciol Street, Minor Zhytomyr Street, Sophia Street, Taras Shevchenko Lane, and Boris Hrinchenko Street.
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found dead hanging from the framework of a huge artificial 'New Year tree' in central Kyiv. The body was found hanging inside the cone-shaped tubular steel construction on Kyiv's
Independence Square. The tree, which had become a symbol of anti-government resistance, was at that time decorated with a
706:. The square was fenced off for construction and became inaccessible for the protesters and many observers claimed that the main goal of the project ordered by the city mayor was to disrupt the protests, especially since similar tactics were commonly used by local authorities throughout Ukraine.
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in late 2004, Maidan
Nezalezhnosti received global media coverage, as hundreds of thousands of protesters gathered in the square and nearby streets, and pitched tents for several weeks, enduring the cold and snow. One of the eminent activists during that time became
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Following the construction, the old familiar look of the square, with its many fountains, was significantly altered and the public reaction to the new look of the square was mixed at first. However, by now the square's monument to
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is a
Ukrainian word for "square, open space", with widely used equivalents in the Middle East and South Asia to refer to an open space in or near a town, used as a parade ground or for events such as public meetings. It comes from
457:
The square itself is a multi-level location. At ground level is the intersection of
Khreshchatyk, which splits Institute Street (vulytsia Instytutska), and Michael Street (vulytsia Mykhailivska). Underneath the square, the
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and
Zhydivski Gates. Those gates are also mentioned in 1151, and around them lived the Polish population of the city, Lacka Sloboda. The Lyadksi Gates were destroyed during the storm of city by the Mongol army of
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During the first couple of years after the war, the square was completely rebuilt from scratch. It was architecturally integrated with the newly constructed
Khreshchatyk in the typical (for the time)
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1932:
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676:(Ploshcha Svobody) was raised at the time as well as in the years to follow, but the current name commemorating the Ukrainian independence is now firmly associated with the square (
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Development rapidly intensified after the mid-19th century, when the territory gradually became the commercial center of Kyiv, which underwent an immense boom during the
Russian
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Sometime during the 18th century, the new
Pecherski Gates were erected; they stood until 1833. Until the early 19th century, the area was a low-lying vacant ground known as
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As the central Kyiv square, following the end of Soviet era the Maidan has been the centre of public political activity. In the autumn of 1990, students' protests and
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Future developments of the square include the demolition of the old "Ukrayina" hotel (formerly hotel "Moskva"), and building a new 68-floor building instead.
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841:. The square was covered in protesters all day and night since 1 December 2013. On 27 January 2014, Ukrainian police reported a 55-year-old man from
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559:(who was assassinated in Kyiv in 1911) was constructed, and it stood there until March 1917 at the dawn of the Revolutionary war within the Empire.
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In the 1830s, the first wooden dwellings were built on the site, and in the 1850s stone buildings appeared. The most famous
Ukrainian writer,
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1949:
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487:. It was located just to the south of the Kyiv City, beyond which were located territories of the Cave Monastery (Kyiv-Pechersky) along the
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191:, the square has been the traditional place for political rallies, including four large-scale radical protest campaigns: the 1990 student
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Maidan
Nezalezhnosti after a 2002 renovation, in the exact spot where the City Duma once stood. Instytutska Street is to the far left.
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lived in that area in 1859, in a building between Mala Zhytomyrska (Little Zhytomyr) and Mykhailivska vulytsia (Michael's Street).
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with its high-rise clock located in the square, is very well known and frequently appears in pictures of the center of the city.
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But, like in previous year, considering the events of winter of 2013-2014, no celebrations are planned on Maidan Nezalezhnosti.
1407:[Kyiv government published the plan of New Year and Christmas celebrations] (in Ukrainian). Тиждень.ua. 6 November 2015
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The ruins and frame of the burned 12-story "Ginzburg skyscraper" on Kalinin Square after liberation from the Nazis. 1944 year
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was built under the square to replace the old and shabby giant underpass formerly dubbed by Kyivans as "Truba" (the Tube).
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702:" mass protest campaign, the new extensive construction of the area was abruptly ordered by the Kyiv mayor of the time,
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At the lower end of Sofiivska vulytsia (Sofia Street), which led to the High City, stood one of the three main gates of
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was considered inappropriate. Most notably, Christmas Fairs and New Year celebrations were moved to Sofiyivska Square.
207:. Maidan is also a regular site for non-political displays and events; however, since 2014, most of them were moved to
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Trade-Unions House was severely damaged during the fire in February 2014, so later it went through a reconstruction.
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Landscape of Khreshchatytska Square. From the series of Polish engravings "Picturesque album of Kyiv. 1861 year"
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The almost 9-meter granite Lenin became the central figure of the monument to the October Revolution. 1980 year
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at the Maidan resulted in the resignation of the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR
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protests beginning in November 2013, progressing to violent clashes, fires, and ending in the February
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In 1976–77, as a part of metro construction, much of the square was again rebuilt, and it was renamed
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540:(Khreshchatyk Square); it was a location for the local market and folk entertainment. In 1876, the
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Until the 10th century, the future square's site, as well as the rest of Khreshchatyk, was called
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is the only square in Kyiv officially designated as a "Maidan" in the Ukrainian language, as all
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131:
123:
552:, the first electric tram built in the Russian Empire (opened 1892) reached the square in 1894.
173:. The square has been known under many different names, but often it is called by people simply
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823:, Yushchenko took a public oath at Maidan Nezalezhnosti in front of his numerous supporters.
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In the 19th century, the square contained buildings of the city council and noble assembly.
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During the Soviet period, the square was used for demonstrations and parades in honor of
338:, a more common Ukrainian equivalent of "square") as was used during Soviet rule. In the
1813:
383:(Russian: Ploshchad Oktyabrskoi Revolutsyi, Ukrainian: Ploshcha Zhovtnevoyi revolyutsii)
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Kyiv: Encyclopedic Handbook. Main Edition of Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia. Kyiv 1982
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Erection of a stele on the Maidan in honor of the Independence of Ukraine. 2001 year
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1994:
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1974:
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Dismantling of the monument to the October Revolution in Kyiv. September 12, 1991
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The view of the square from the side of the current Instytutska Street. 1954 year
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resulted in an additional round of presidential elections being ordered by the
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During the times of the Soviet Union, the square was also called Kalinin Square
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located underground. Also the "Hlobus" mall is situated underneath the square.
2904:
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2015:
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342:, it is also the only use of the word “Maidan” (Майдан) for a public square.
101:
88:
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1251:
View of Maidan from the Hotel Moscow, September 1991 (after the August 1991
1204:
The opening ceremony after the reconstruction of the Maidan. August 24, 2001
911:
887:
731:
549:
504:
1848:
Ukraine: tension in Kyiv as pro and anti government protesters hold rallies
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629:(Ploshcha Zhovtnevoyi revolyutsii). During the reconstruction, the massive
227:
The square received its current name on 26 August 1991, two days after the
1239:, as the square was then called. The Kyiv City Duma is seen in the centre.
2889:
1978:
1858:
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1925:"Ukraine protests: Man found dead hanging in Kiev's Independence Square"
1676:
Aristova, Natalia. "Maidan Nezalezhnosti: Everything will be not so" in
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2717:
2318:
450:, close to the northeastern end of the street. It is situated close to
272:
162:
74:
2026:
1362:
The Process of Politicization: How Much Politics Does a Society Need?
781:
In the 2000s, the biggest political protests in Ukraine, such as the
630:
544:
was built here, and the area became known as the Dumskaya Ploshchad (
417:
257:, "town-square or central place of gathering"), itself deriving from
237:
1814:
Students from various cities across Ukraine are joining the protests
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Where does the key to political change lie in the post-Soviet space?
664:
Maidan Nezalezhnosti after the declaration of Ukraine's independence
672:, the square was given its current name. The competing proposal of
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598:
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1404:Київська влада оприлюднила план святкування Нового року та Різдва
1402:
1132:
After the reconstruction, fountains appeared on the square. 1970s
933:"Hlobus", subsequently Globus ("Globe") underground shopping mall
545:
405:
318:, which are the likely sources of the borrowing into Ukrainian.
158:
70:
2220:
2030:
1891:"Dead man found hanging on Kiev's Independence Square - police"
498:(Yaroslav's City), the Lyadski Gates; the other two were the
730:
as well as a more modern invention, the protecting goddess
1950:"Police: Dead body found hanging on New Year tree in Kyiv"
854:. The Revolution of Dignity of the following month led to
446:
Independence Square is one of three squares located along
1586:Метаморфози київського мера, або дещо з життя хамелеонів…
571:
Much of the square was destroyed in the Second World War.
265:
977:
Changes in the appearance of the square during 150 years
1798:
Students in Ukraine threaten indefinite national strike
433:
427:
421:
395:
331:
321:
2386:
Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine
2005:
1864:
Ukraine opposition demands leader resign after EU snub
957:
Information and Exhibition Centre of the Maidan Museum
290:
211:
or elsewhere, because making entertainment on a place
3000:
1235:
An early 20th-century Russian postcard depicting the
637:
was put up as was the complex ensemble of fountains.
252:
1885:
1883:
1823:
Protests continue in Kyiv ahead of Vilnius EU summit
1180:
Construction works on Independence Square. 2001 year
1168:
Construction works on Independence Square. 1998 year
722:, the legendary founders of Kyiv, the folklore hero
698:
In 2001, as the square was the major center of the "
633:
monument to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the
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1839:In Ukraine, Protests Highlight 'Generational Rift'
1048:
Victory parade on Kalinin Square in Kyiv. 1945 year
1000:
Square near Duma Square. The beginning of the 1910s
976:
694:
and the glass domes of the shopping center Globus 1
165:. One of the city's main squares, it is located on
80:
66:
1918:
1916:
947:Building of the Trade Unions Federation of Ukraine
555:In 1913, in front of the City Duma, a monument of
1764:Update: Yanukovych vetoes tax code after protests
679:
1975:Ukraine accuses Russia over Maidan 2014 killings
1144:The new fountain on Revolution Square. 1981 year
532:, becoming the third most important city in the
1732:"Revolution on Granite". Photos of October 1990
1535:
1490:
1431:"Slavic-Iranian Contacts, Linguistic Relations"
25:
1216:Maidan during the Orange Revolution. 2004 year
850:and scrawled with graffiti opposing President
808:, which were won by the opposition candidate,
301:. The word also was borrowed into neighboring
284:
2232:
2042:
1295:Maidan Nezalezhnosti, 2019, after Euromaidan.
1084:Construction of the "Moscow" hotel. 1957 year
937:Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine
313:
275:
246:
8:
2615:European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement
1944:
1942:
819:, and after taking the official oath in the
356:1876: Parliament Square (Dumskaya ploshchad)
41:View of Maidan Nezalezhnosti in 2013 before
21:
1024:Kyiv during the occupation. 1941-1942 years
296:
177:("square"). The square contains the iconic
136:
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2636:
2239:
2225:
2217:
2084:
2049:
2035:
2027:
1060:Kalinin Square after reconstruction. 1950s
748:A mostly underground shopping mall called
55:
20:
2287:International reactions to the Euromaidan
376:1943: Kalinin Square (Ploshchad Kalinina)
373:1941: Parliament Square (Dumska ploshcha)
886:in 1991, surmounted by the protectoress
3007:
1713:The lesson of the Revolution on Granite
1336:
1225:
189:Ukraine's independence movement in 1990
1253:Declaration of Independence of Ukraine
973:
791:took place in this square. During the
229:Declaration of Independence of Ukraine
2499:2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election
2341:Fall of the monument to Lenin in Kyiv
340:Russian language as spoken in Ukraine
130:
7:
2610:European Union Association Agreement
2474:2014 Ukrainian presidential election
2304:Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes
2282:Domestic responses to the Euromaidan
1439:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
353:Square (Khreshchatitskaya ploshchad)
2424:2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia
2261:21 November 2013 – 23 February 2014
1279:Maidan Nezalezhnosti, 2013, before
1096:Salute on Kalinin Square. 1962 year
846:poster of jailed opposition leader
247:
2725:Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People
2683:Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists
1652:Ukrainian Republican Party "Sobor"
466:stretches across with its station
330:remain designated as a "Ploscha" (
14:
1897:. 27 January 2014. Archived from
1441:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation
420:have "Independent Squares" named
3010:
2600:Ukraine–European Union relations
2317:
2017:Scenes from Maidan Nezalezhnosti
1923:Legge, James (28 January 2014).
1682:, 15–21 June 2006. Available in
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1260:
1244:
1228:
1210:
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1186:
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1162:
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1126:
1114:
1108:October Revolution Square. 1970s
1102:
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1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1006:
994:
982:
872:Monument to the Founders of Kyiv
726:, the city's historic protector
575:In 1919, the square was renamed
536:. Until 1871, it was called the
479:Early history and Tsarist Russia
345:Timeline of the square's names:
132:[mɐjˈdɑnnezɐˈlɛʒnosʲtʲi]
35:
3058:Ukrainian independence movement
1843:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1795:(27, 28 & 29 November 2013)
16:Central Square in Kyiv, Ukraine
2494:2014 Donbas status referendums
2489:2014 Crimean status referendum
2479:2014 Ukrainian local elections
2376:2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots
1773:Yanukovych vetoes the tax code
1738:(accessdate: 11 November 2017)
1654:(in Ukrainian). Archived from
1595:(in Ukrainian). Archived from
1560:(in Ukrainian). Archived from
856:more than 100 people perishing
815:Following his election as the
670:Ukraine's independence in 1991
1:
2419:Russian military intervention
2351:Ukrainian–Russian action plan
1366:Cambridge Scholars Publishing
917:Monument to the Great October
720:Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv and Lybid
614:. The newly constructed Kyiv
390:Square (Maidan Nezalezhnosti)
363:Square (Sovetskaya ploshchad)
2860:Ministry of Internal Affairs
2366:Anti-protest laws in Ukraine
1789:Live updates of the protests
1534:, formerly "Lenin Square" (
762:Symbol of political activity
713:Maidan Nezalezhnosti in 2018
587:, the first chairman of the
233:collapse of the Soviet Union
2870:Security Service of Ukraine
2309:Damaged communist monuments
1748:Tax code protests intensify
1489:, formerly "Lenin Square" (
1353:Why Ukraine Is So Important
833:The square was the site of
579:. From 1935, it was called
538:Khreshchatitskaya Ploshchad
434:
428:
422:
396:
370:Square (Ploshchad Kalinina)
332:
322:
291:
276:
253:
3089:
2865:Internal Troops of Ukraine
2458:Decommunization in Ukraine
2448:First Yatsenyuk government
2277:Timeline of the Euromaidan
589:Supreme Soviet of the USSR
460:Obolonsko–Teremkivska line
2315:
2258:
2082:
2064:
1647:Київ моєї пам'яті й надії
1536:
1491:
1384:17 September 2018 at the
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
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1149:
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1125:
1113:
1101:
1089:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1041:
1029:
1017:
1005:
993:
981:
627:October Revolution Square
548:Square). A line from the
285:
127:
54:
34:
26:
2855:Second Azarov government
2698:United Left and Peasants
2484:2014 Kyiv local election
2361:Vasylkiv terrorists case
2346:11 December 2013 assault
2160:National Musical Academy
2069:Central Department Store
1646:
1585:
1552:
1403:
806:Supreme Court of Ukraine
213:where people were killed
2622:Constitution of Ukraine
2407:2014 pro-Russian unrest
1869:4 December 2013 at the
1828:2 December 2013 at the
1803:2 December 2013 at the
884:independence of Ukraine
800:. The protests against
743:independence of Ukraine
542:Kyiv City Duma building
267:
2007:Wiki-Encyclopedia Kyiv
1853:13 August 2020 at the
1583:Bilotserkivets, Vlad.
1325:Ukraine without Kuchma
784:Ukraine without Kuchma
714:
700:Ukraine without Kuchma
695:
665:
612:Stalinist architecture
604:
572:
423:Ploshcha Nezalezhnosti
314:
297:
197:Ukraine without Kuchma
161:, the capital city of
3053:Revolution on Granite
2647:Maidan People's Union
2562:Trade Unions Building
2453:Lustration in Ukraine
2391:Revolution of Dignity
2336:1 December 2013 riots
2252:Revolution of Dignity
2201:Parliamentary Library
2175:Trade Unions Building
2000:6 August 2007 at the
1689:11 March 2007 at the
1315:Karaoke on the Maidan
876:Independence Monument
839:Revolution of Dignity
772:Revolution on Granite
736:Independence Monument
712:
689:
663:
602:
570:
530:Industrial Revolution
193:Revolution on Granite
179:Independence Monument
102:50.45000°N 30.52417°E
47:Independence Monument
3033:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
2936:Vitaliy Zakharchenko
2704:Civic organizations
2517:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
2381:2014 RSA occupations
2114:Bessarabskyi Quarter
2094:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
1553:Зґвалтування столиці
1429:Kim, Ronald (2021).
1331:Notes and references
1012:Soviet Square. 1930s
817:President of Ukraine
704:Oleksandr Omelchenko
690:The monument to the
595:Soviet postwar years
468:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
397:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
394:City squares called
379:1977: Square of the
323:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
120:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
61:Location within Kyiv
22:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
2880:Militsiya (Ukraine)
2781:Oleksandr Turchynov
2688:Democratic Alliance
2659:opposition parties
2605:Eastern Partnership
2547:Hrushevskoho Street
2140:Central Post Office
2109:Bessarabskyi Market
2058:Khreshchatyk Street
1995:Майдан Незалежності
1981:( 20 February 2015)
1700:26 May 2006 at the
1550:Leonovych, Sophia.
1518: /
1473: /
952:Central Post Office
928:Important buildings
656:Independent Ukraine
616:Central Post Office
563:Soviet prewar years
263:Proto-Indo-European
187:Since the start of
167:Khreshchatyk Street
147:Independence Square
128:Майдан Незалежності
98: /
31:
27:Майдан Незалежності
2986:Oleksandr Klymenko
2941:Oleksandr Yefremov
2371:2014 Odesa clashes
2145:City Duma building
2089:Bessarabska Square
1877:(30 November 2013)
1861:(29 November 2013)
1845:(27 November 2013)
1836:(27 November 2013)
1820:(27 November 2013)
1811:(26 November 2013)
1779:(30 November 2010)
1770:(30 November 2010)
1754:(26 November 2010)
882:commemorating the
770:also known as the
741:commemorating the
715:
696:
666:
650:October Revolution
635:October Revolution
605:
573:
400:are also found in
381:October Revolution
328:other Kyiv squares
261:, ultimately from
107:50.45000; 30.52417
3068:Landmarks in Kyiv
3048:Orange Revolution
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2921:Viktor Yanukovych
2834:
2833:
2811:Tetiana Chornovol
2761:Arseniy Yatsenyuk
2582:Kyiv Conservatory
2557:Kyiv City Council
2214:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2196:Kyiv Philharmonic
1956:. 27 January 2014
1935:on 15 March 2017.
1818:Ukrayinska Pravda
1736:Ukrayinska Pravda
1644:Strikha, Maksim.
1592:Ukrayinska Pravda
1522:50.912°N 34.804°E
1477:49.419°N 26.979°E
1359:(28 January 2014)
1320:Orange Revolution
1221:
1220:
867:Current landmarks
852:Viktor Yanukovich
828:Orange Revolution
810:Viktor Yushchenko
793:Orange Revolution
789:Orange Revolution
787:campaign and the
728:Archangel Michael
680:the section below
620:Trade-Union House
209:Sofiyivska Square
201:Orange Revolution
153:) is the central
117:
116:
49:in the foreground
3080:
3038:National squares
3015:
3014:
3013:
3006:
2981:Dmytro Tabachnyk
2885:Party of Regions
2845:
2786:Yulia Tymoshenko
2771:Petro Poroshenko
2756:Vitali Klitschko
2729:Militant groups
2652:Euromaidan Press
2637:
2321:
2297:Heavenly Hundred
2241:
2234:
2227:
2218:
2119:PinchukArtCentre
2085:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2028:
2018:
2012:
1982:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1931:. Archived from
1920:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1901:on 15 March 2017
1887:
1878:
1786:
1780:
1761:
1755:
1745:
1739:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1719:(4 October 2016)
1710:
1704:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1658:on 10 March 2007
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1625:on 13 March 2007
1621:. Archived from
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
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1471:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1435:Yarshater, Ehsan
1426:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1399:
1393:
1392:(23 August 2016)
1357:Business Insider
1350:
1344:
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1034:
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1022:
1021:
1010:
1009:
998:
997:
986:
985:
974:
965:
899:Former landmarks
848:Yulia Tymoshenko
798:Paraska Korolyuk
734:surmounting the
692:founders of Kyiv
523:Taras Shevchenko
437:
431:
425:
399:
337:
325:
317:
303:Turkic languages
300:
294:
288:
287:
279:
270:
256:
250:
249:
203:and the 2013–14
171:Shevchenko Raion
152:
149:
144:
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112:
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32:
30:
29:
28:
3088:
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3083:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3073:Squares in Kyiv
3023:
3022:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3001:
2999:
2990:
2956:Mykhailo Dobkin
2951:Hennadiy Kernes
2909:
2840:
2830:
2744:
2632:
2626:
2592:
2586:
2572:Mariinskyi Park
2567:Ukrainian House
2542:European Square
2509:
2503:
2462:
2395:
2328:
2322:
2313:
2269:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2191:Ukrainian House
2179:
2133:
2099:European Square
2078:
2060:
2055:
2016:
2010:
2002:Wayback Machine
1991:
1986:
1985:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1929:The Independent
1922:
1921:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1871:Wayback Machine
1862:
1855:Wayback Machine
1846:
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1830:Wayback Machine
1821:
1812:
1805:Wayback Machine
1796:
1787:
1783:
1771:
1762:
1758:
1746:
1742:
1728:
1727:
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1711:
1707:
1702:Wayback Machine
1691:Wayback Machine
1675:
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1648:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:
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1600:
1599:on 9 March 2007
1587:
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1567:
1565:
1564:on 10 June 2006
1558:Holosiiv-Inform
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1386:Wayback Machine
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995:
983:
972:
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930:
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869:
864:
843:Western Ukraine
802:electoral fraud
764:
658:
597:
585:Mikhail Kalinin
565:
481:
476:
452:European Square
444:
438:for "square").
225:
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2989:
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2983:
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2976:Leonid Kozhara
2973:
2968:
2963:
2961:Viktor Pshonka
2958:
2953:
2948:
2946:Andriy Klyuyev
2943:
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2931:Serhiy Arbuzov
2928:
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2829:
2828:
2826:Refat Chubarov
2823:
2818:
2816:Dmytro Bulatov
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2796:Andriy Sadovyi
2793:
2791:Andriy Parubiy
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:Yuriy Lutsenko
2773:
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2766:Oleh Tyahnybok
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2577:October Palace
2574:
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2552:Dynamo Stadium
2549:
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2170:October Palace
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2024:
2013:
2011:(in Ukrainian)
1990:
1989:External links
1987:
1984:
1983:
1967:
1938:
1912:
1879:
1781:
1756:
1740:
1729:(in Ukrainian)
1721:
1705:
1679:Zerkalo Nedeli
1669:
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1527:50.912; 34.804
1497:
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880:victory column
873:
868:
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768:hunger strikes
763:
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739:victory column
674:Liberty Square
657:
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644:(until 1969),
596:
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2749:Lead figures
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195:, the 2001
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81:Coordinates
3043:Euromaidan
3027:Categories
2905:Antimaidan
2708:Automaidan
2522:Mezhyhirya
2292:Casualties
2248:Euromaidan
2155:Lach Gates
1960:31 January
1905:31 January
1875:Seven News
1662:2 December
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1513:34°48′14″E
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893:Lach Gates
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826:After the
821:parliament
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464:Kyiv Metro
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507:in 1240.
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2250:and the
1998:Archived
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1867:Archived
1859:Euronews
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282:Sanskrit
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