676:
357:
377:
44:
366:
310:, the maize weevil has a length of 2.3 mm to 4.9 mm. The type of food consumed by the larvae influences the size of the adult (3.9-4.9 mm on corn, 3.0-4.6 mm on wheat, 2.9-4.3 mm on rice, 2.7-3.2 on rough rice, and 2.3-3.9 mm on shelled rice). This small, brown weevil has four reddish-brown spots on the wing covers (elytra). It has a long, thin snout, and geniculate (elbowed)
386:
31:
329:
The maize weevil and the rice weevil look very much alike but external features can be used to differentiate the vast majority of adults. However, the only reliable features to distinguish adults of both species are the genitalia (see table below). Both species can hybridize. The genitalic structure
623:
while inside, then chew a circular exit hole, and emerge as an adult beetle. A single female may lay 300 to 400 eggs during her lifetime. Adults can live for 5 to 8 months. Breeding conditions require temperatures between 15 and 34 °C (59 and 93 °F) and 40% relative humidity.
610:
is removed, with a waxy secretion that creates a plug. The plug quickly hardens, and leaves a small raised area on the seed surface. This provides the only visible evidence that the kernel is infested. Only one egg is laid inside each grain. When the egg hatches into a white, legless
1125:
Danho, M., Gaspar, C., Haubruge, E. 2002. The impact of grain quantity on the biology of
Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): oviposition, distribution of eggs, adult emergence, body weight and sex ratio. Journal of Stored Products Research, 38(3):
667:, and has been found in fruit, such as apples during storage. Although the maize weevil cannot readily breed in finely processed grains, it can easily breed in products such as macaroni and noodles, and milled cereals that have been exposed to excessive moisture.
696:
weevil, may indicate infestation. In large stores of grain, an increase in temperature may be detected. The most obvious sign of infestation is the emergence of adults. One study recorded, 5 weeks after infestation, the emergence of 100 adults per kg per day.
691:
is evident. Infested grains contain holes through which adults have emerged. A possible indication of infestation is grain, when placed in water, floating to the surface. Ragged holes in individual grains, similar to damage caused by the rice weevil and
1099:
Peng, W.K., Lin, H.C., Wang, C.H. 2003. DNA identification of two laboratory colonies of the weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and S. zeamais
Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Taiwan. Journal of Stored Products Research, 39(2):
605:
The complete development time for the life cycle of this species averages 36 days. The female chews through the surface of the grain, creating a hole. She then deposits a small oval white egg, and covers the hole as the
868:
Control of
Sitophilus zeamais Mots., 1958 and Sitophilus oryzae (L., 1763) weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in stored rice grain (Oryza sativa l.) with insecticide pirimiphos methyl (Actellic 500 CE)
1106:
Nardon, C, Nardon, P. 2002. New characters to distinguish larvae and adults of the two sibling species: Sitophilus oryzae(L.) and S. zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera, Dryophthoridae). Annales de la
Societe
1103:
Meikle, W.G., Holst, N., Markham, R.H. 1999. Population simulation model of
Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in grains stores in West Africa. Environmental Entomology, 28(5): 836–844.
639:
The maize weevil commonly attacks standing crops, in particular, maize before harvest, and is also commonly associated with rice. It infests raw or processed cereals such as
1116:
Maceljski, M., Korunić, Z. 1973. Contribution to the morphology and ecology of
Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. in Yugoslavia. Journal of Stored Products Research, 9: 225–234.
1354:
1419:
1109:
Meagher, R.L., Reed, C., Mills, R.B. 1982. Development of
Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum in whole, cracked, and ground pearl millet. Journal of the
410:
Pronotal punctures are nearly equally spaced apart, and pronotum typically has no median puncture-free area (rarely has a narrow puncture-free median zone)
1119:
Mason, L.J. (2003). Grain Insect Fact Sheet, E-237-W: Rice, Granary, and Maize
Weevils Sitophilu soryzae (L.), S. granarius (L.), and S. zeamais (Motsch).
1092:
Proctor, D.L. 1971. An additional aedeagal character for distinguishing
Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. from Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Cuculionidae).
840:
766:
1328:
456:
Proepimera meets behind the fore coxae and along the posterior edge, has a distinct notch along the posterior edge at the site of the meeting point
1380:
1148:
935:
1490:
1485:
1289:
1058:
1495:
1505:
675:
736:
726:
1385:
593:, and has been intercepted at ports, but is not well established there. It has, however, been present for several years in
1406:
1093:
1159:
African
Journal of Biotechnology: Laboratory evaluation of four medicinal plants as protectants against the maize weevil
1367:
1224:
1201:
356:
1307:
687:
larvae feed on the interior of individual grains, often leaving only the hulls, a flour-like grain dust, mixed with
43:
419:
1110:
1424:
1320:
1130:
517:
occurs throughout warm, humid regions around the world, especially in locations where maize is grown, including:
1153:
819:
798:
298:, and various coarse, milled grains. It has even been known to attack fruit while in storage, such as apples.
1480:
844:
770:
326:), but has more clearly marked spots on the wing covers, and is usually somewhat larger. It is able to fly.
1500:
1169:
1229:
895:
441:
Scutellar elevations typically extend longitudinally approximately more than halfway down the scutellum
246:. It can be found in numerous tropical areas around the world, and in the United States, and is a major
158:
376:
1434:
1263:
1143:
1398:
931:
570:
184:
38:
1359:
1442:
1250:
1158:
1120:
446:
438:
Scutellar elevations typically extend longitudinally approximately halfway down the scutellum
425:
Less than 20 pronotal punctures along the approximate midline, running from neck to scutellum
311:
453:
and has a barely discernible notch along the posterior edge at the site of the meeting point
1457:
1447:
1040:
1007:
972:
731:
399:
1065:
1206:
870:
B. Alleoni1, W. Ferreira 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection
247:
491:
Lateral lobes of Y-shaped sclerite of female genitalia not tapering and rounded at apex
1315:
1302:
706:
115:
959:
Maceljski, M.; Korunić, Z. (1973). "Contribution to the morphology and ecology of the
867:
365:
1474:
976:
562:
450:
243:
231:
105:
433:
Scutellar elevations typically closer together compare to their longitudinal length
418:
More than 20 pronotal punctures along the approximate midline, running from neck to
413:
Pronotal punctures are separated by a flat, median, longitudinal puncture-free zone
385:
1255:
741:
430:
Scutellar elevations typically farther apart compared to their longitudinal length
1154:
USDA study on contest behaviour of maize weevil larvae when competing within seeds
254:. This species attacks both standing crops and stored cereal products, including
1411:
1393:
1341:
716:
343:
319:
307:
175:
1192:
1012:
991:
422:(not reliable for individuals not reared on corn, which are typically smaller)
628:
607:
574:
287:
135:
125:
1294:
1276:
1044:
660:
578:
526:
518:
396:
279:
75:
55:
1372:
663:. It can breed in crops with a moisture content of a much wider range than
627:
When the adults emerge, the females move to a high surface and release sex
577:. It is also widely distributed throughout agricultural areas of northern
30:
1237:
1216:
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594:
534:
485:
462:
1242:
1333:
693:
652:
586:
546:
473:
295:
263:
1346:
479:
Epipharyngeal rods of larvae have virtually the same width throughout
990:
Hong, Ki-Jeong; Lee, Wonhoon; Park, Young-Ju; Yang, Jeong-Oh (2018).
648:
616:
590:
582:
558:
538:
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271:
239:
95:
85:
65:
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Less than 5 sensory organs at the tip of the labial palps of larvae
1281:
688:
674:
640:
612:
554:
550:
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530:
497:
255:
251:
290:. The maize weevil also infests other types of stored, processed
644:
620:
566:
283:
267:
259:
1268:
1167:
656:
275:
1129:
Anonymous. 2009b. Maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.)
615:, it will remain inside and begin feeding on the grain. The
384:
375:
364:
355:
1149:
USDA study on temperature management of the maize weevil
992:"First confirmation of the distribution of rice weevil,
468:
Male aedeagus is smooth and shiny on the dorsal surface
405:
Longitudinally elliptical punctures on pronotal dorsum
1176:
488:of female genitalia tapering and pointed at apex
683:Early detection of infestation is difficult. As
1033:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
631:. Males are then attracted to this pheromone.
496:More than 5 sensory organs at the tip of the
402:typically nearly circular, rarely elliptical
8:
793:
791:
789:
787:
769:. Agspsrv34.agric.wa.gov.au. Archived from
1164:
820:"Greater Rice Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)"
799:"Greater Rice Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)"
29:
20:
1027:Boudreaux, H.B. (1969). "The Identity of
1011:
581:. This species has also been recorded in
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
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332:
926:
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761:
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597:, where grain from the U.S. is stored.
954:
952:
863:
861:
465:has two dorsal, longitudinal grooves
7:
1435:2486323a-cb1f-4ff5-9a5c-3aff91c3c889
1321:e1c005d5-9ea5-4ba5-a92b-ab7a5745fb72
1000:Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity
767:"PestWeb | Greater Rice Weevil"
679:Maize damaged by maize weevil larvae
1094:Journal of Stored Products Research
965:Journal of Stored Product Research
709:, also known as the wheat weevil (
14:
476:rods of larvae tapering apically
898:. Grainscanada.gc.ca. 2009-12-21
42:
938:from the original on 2016-04-03
1059:"Beetles Identification Guide"
737:List of common household pests
727:Home stored product entomology
1:
1111:Kansas Entomological Society
977:10.1016/0022-474X(73)90004-0
197:Philippi and Philippi, 1864
1522:
1013:10.1016/j.japb.2017.12.005
932:"Maize weevil | Padil.gov"
565:, former countries of the
484:Lateral lobes of Y-shaped
1491:Beetles described in 1855
1486:Agricultural pest insects
1131:Canadian Grain Commission
190:
183:
164:
157:
39:Scientific classification
37:
28:
23:
1496:Beetles of South America
963:Motsch. in Yugoslavia".
573:and former countries of
306:A close relative of the
294:products such as pasta,
1506:Insect pests of millets
330:of hybrids is unknown.
318:appears similar to the
210:Cossonus quadrimaculata
680:
585:, in the provinces of
449:meets behind the fore
389:
380:
369:
360:
1045:10.1093/aesa/62.1.169
678:
388:
379:
368:
359:
1316:Fauna Europaea (new)
671:Damage and detection
236:greater rice weevil,
1207:Sitophilus_zeamais
1178:Sitophilus zeamais
961:Sitophilus zeamais
681:
571:Sub Saharan Africa
390:
381:
370:
361:
316:Sitophilus zeamais
228:Sitophilus zeamais
202:Calandra platensis
194:Calandra chilensis
168:Sitophilus zeamais
1468:
1467:
1443:Open Tree of Life
1170:Taxon identifiers
1121:Purdue University
1029:Sitophilus oryzae
994:Sitophilus oryzae
507:
506:
324:Sitophilus oryzae
220:
219:
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206:
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16:Species of beetle
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1412:NBNSYS0000025279
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1064:. Archived from
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996:,in South Korea"
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843:. Archived from
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732:Invasive species
500:palps of larvae
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238:is a species of
230:), known in the
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1113:, 55(1): 91–94.
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1087:Further reading
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801:. Ozanimals.com
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150:S. zeamais
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1481:Dryophthorinae
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1303:Fauna Europaea
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1138:External links
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1039:(1): 169–172.
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896:"Maize weevil"
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1501:Storage pests
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847:on 2011-09-28
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773:on 2011-09-28
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159:Binomial name
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24:Maize weevil
22:
19:
1177:
1073:. Retrieved
1066:the original
1053:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1003:
999:
993:
985:
968:
964:
960:
940:. Retrieved
900:. Retrieved
849:. Retrieved
845:the original
841:"Pest Query"
835:
824:. Retrieved
814:
803:. Retrieved
775:. Retrieved
771:the original
742:Pest control
720:
711:S. granarius
710:
684:
682:
664:
638:
626:
604:
514:
513:
510:Distribution
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305:
235:
227:
224:maize weevil
223:
221:
213:Walker, 1859
209:
205:Zacher, 1922
201:
193:
167:
165:
149:
148:
136:
18:
1394:NatureServe
1342:iNaturalist
717:Rice weevil
344:Rice weevil
320:rice weevil
308:rice weevil
302:Description
176:Motschulsky
112:Subfamily:
1475:Categories
1075:2010-07-29
942:2016-04-03
902:2010-07-29
851:2010-07-28
826:2010-08-01
805:2010-07-29
777:2010-07-29
748:References
685:S. zeamais
635:Host range
629:pheromones
608:ovipositor
601:Life cycle
575:Yugoslavia
515:S. zeamais
447:Proepimera
338:S. zeamais
288:cottonseed
137:Sitophilus
126:Litosomini
96:Coleoptera
76:Arthropoda
1006:: 69–75.
721:S. oryzae
665:S. oryzae
661:buckwheat
579:Australia
527:Argentina
519:Polynesia
420:scutellum
348:S. oryzae
280:buckwheat
144:Species:
62:Kingdom:
56:Eukaryota
1399:2.743425
1360:10459075
1238:BugGuide
1214:BioLib:
1193:Q3272137
1187:Wikidata
1126:259–266.
1100:225–235.
936:Archived
701:See also
595:Montreal
535:Cambodia
486:sclerite
463:aedeagus
397:pronotal
312:antennae
185:Synonyms
102:Family:
72:Phylum:
66:Animalia
52:Domain:
1334:4291553
694:granary
653:sorghum
587:Ontario
547:Morocco
296:cassava
264:sorghum
234:as the
178:), 1855
132:Genus:
122:Tribe:
92:Order:
86:Insecta
82:Class:
1458:375185
1455:uBio:
1448:865238
1432:NZOR:
1386:619050
1347:231088
1308:257268
1295:274668
1282:CALAZM
1269:696311
1243:217113
1144:Images
649:barley
621:pupate
617:larvae
591:Quebec
583:Canada
559:Turkey
539:Greece
523:Brazil
498:labial
400:dorsum
292:cereal
286:, and
272:barley
240:beetle
1373:10926
1355:IRMNG
1290:EUNIS
1256:8J73M
1230:31052
1217:13388
1069:(PDF)
1062:(PDF)
689:frass
641:wheat
619:will
555:Syria
551:Spain
543:Japan
531:Burma
461:Male
451:coxae
256:wheat
252:maize
1425:7047
1420:NCBI
1381:ITIS
1329:GBIF
1277:EPPO
1225:BOLD
659:and
645:oats
613:grub
589:and
567:USSR
284:peas
268:oats
260:rice
248:pest
222:The
1407:NBN
1368:ISC
1264:EoL
1251:CoL
1202:AFD
1041:doi
1031:".
1008:doi
973:doi
657:rye
276:rye
250:of
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