870:/ʂ/ is peculiar to Dhivehi among Indo-Aryan languages. In some dialects, it is pronounced as a or . The /ʂ/ is related historically and allophonically to /ʈ/ (but not to Sanskrit /ʂ/ or /ɕ/). Sometime after the 12th century, the intervocalic /ʈ/ became /raʈu/ 'island' (12th c.), 'island'. The /ʈ/ is retained in geminate clusters like /feʂuni:/ 'started', /faʈʈaifi/ 'has caused to start'. The contrast between /ʂ/ and /ʈ/ was made through loan words like /koʂani:/ 'cutting', /koʈari/ 'room'.
1484:
Native
Maldivian words do not allow initial consonant clusters; the syllable structure is (C)V(C) (i.e. one vowel with the option of a consonant in the onset and/or coda). This affects the introduction of loanwords, such as
644:(a kind of fruit) and /ɲaʋijani/ 'Gnaviyani' (alphabet letter), the /ɲ/ only occurs as the result of the fusion of /n/ and /i/: /du:ni/ 'bird', /du:ɲɲeʔ/ 'a bird'.
1607:
890:('male servant'). However, most Maldivians do not pronounce the sounds exactly. The following table shows the phonemes that have been borrowed from Arabic (and
65:
the
Maldivian phonemic inventory shows an opposition of long and short vowels, of dental and retroflex consonants as well as single and geminate consonants.
2258:
1869:
1874:
1837:
586:
1560:
1141:
671:
1423:
1263:
511:
1600:
1469:
1385:
1309:
1577:
579:
1709:
1461:
1453:
525:
393:
2397:
2095:
2082:
1636:
1548:
1271:
1187:
913:
699:
Dental and retroflex stops are contrastive in
Maldivian. For example: maḍun means ‘quietly’ madun means ‘seldom’. The segments
504:
210:
177:
170:
45:
27:
2293:
1661:
1149:
943:
655:
572:
2253:
2218:
1859:
1651:
1593:
1027:
1019:
518:
437:
1849:
1802:
1646:
663:
261:
195:
188:
2392:
1057:
989:
951:
804:
occurred in the language without contrastive aspiration. Some time in the 17th century, word initial and intervocalic
534:
386:
138:
131:
2231:
1777:
1732:
1666:
1641:
1301:
679:
593:
372:
225:
218:
1950:
1879:
1737:
1722:
981:
550:
2263:
1955:
1889:
1854:
1339:
1225:
687:
430:
379:
156:
149:
894:
from
Persian and English) with their transliteration into Tāna, and their original and native pronunciation.
2107:
2000:
1970:
1935:
1727:
1671:
1656:
1179:
416:
400:
2361:
2148:
1965:
1864:
1486:
1095:
891:
887:
883:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
778:
770:
766:
765:
The influence of other languages has played a great role in
Maldivian phonology. For example, the phoneme
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
483:
474:
467:
460:
335:
247:
41:
37:
23:
1982:
1975:
1884:
1797:
1792:
615:
423:
328:
321:
2351:
2213:
2123:
2102:
2012:
1749:
1467:
1459:
1451:
1421:
1413:
1383:
1375:
1347:
1345:
1337:
1307:
1299:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1223:
1215:
1185:
1177:
1147:
1139:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1093:
1063:
1055:
1025:
1017:
987:
979:
949:
941:
685:
677:
669:
661:
653:
640:
444:
343:
259:
62:
827:
occurs in the final position of a word it changes to intervocalically when inflected. For example,
2341:
2248:
2226:
2183:
2168:
2077:
2022:
2017:
1896:
1782:
1759:
1704:
293:
2238:
2047:
1992:
1987:
1942:
1901:
1694:
1620:
759:
288:
58:
2138:
1585:
2366:
2331:
2316:
2300:
2288:
2273:
2243:
2203:
2173:
2153:
2143:
2087:
2067:
2057:
2042:
2027:
1922:
1917:
1844:
1814:
1809:
1787:
1769:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1573:
1569:
1415:
1377:
1255:
1217:
308:
298:
2346:
2278:
2268:
2208:
2198:
2193:
2178:
2163:
2158:
2072:
2062:
1930:
1824:
1717:
1699:
1689:
774:
724:
283:
278:
2356:
2336:
2321:
2283:
2188:
2128:
2052:
2037:
2032:
2005:
1832:
1819:
905:
882:. These phonemes are used exclusively in loan words from Arabic, for example, the phoneme
879:
315:
303:
2371:
2326:
2386:
782:
605:
81:
1111:
1065:
812:. Historical documents from the 11th century, for example, show 'five' rendered as
566:
125:
76:
203:
86:
1616:
493:
361:
164:
638:
The status of /ɲ/ as a phoneme is unclear. Except for two words, /ɲamɲam/
33:
356:
54:
900:
61:(Dhivehi) consists of 29 consonants and 10 vowels. Like other modern
707:
are articulated just behind the front teeth. The
Maldivian segments
792:
also occurs only in borrowed words in Modern
Standard Maldivian:
762:
are the only Indo-Aryan languages that have prenasalized stops.
1589:
796:('report'). At one point, Maldivian did not have the phoneme
1549:
1572:: National Centre for Linguistic and Historical Research,
878:
Modern
Standard Maldivian has borrowed many phonemes from
727:, produced at the very rear part of the alveolar ridge.
32:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2309:
2116:
1910:
1682:
258:The short open back vowel is phonetically central
16:Sounds and pronunciation of the Maldivian language
46:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
1539:Dhivehi (Maldivian) by Bruce Dwayne Cain (2000)
746:. These segments occur only intervocalically:
1601:
1433:
1395:
1357:
1319:
1281:
1235:
1197:
1159:
1121:
1075:
1037:
999:
961:
923:
8:
1517:. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–25.
1441:
1403:
1365:
1327:
1289:
1243:
1205:
1167:
1129:
1083:
1045:
1007:
969:
931:
246:is developed as a sound from the diphthong
1608:
1594:
1586:
1562:A General Overview of the Dhivehi Language
676:allophone occurring between vowel sounds
660:can occasionally be heard as a fricative
896:
269:
67:
1527:
1502:
823:In standard Maldivian when the phoneme
769:comes entirely from foreign influence:
631:
239:
1515:Dhivehi: The Language of the Maldives
851:still contrastive, though: initially
730:Maldivian has the prenasalized stops
7:
1508:
1506:
36:. For the distinction between ,
1442:
1434:
1404:
1396:
1366:
1358:
1328:
1320:
1290:
1282:
1244:
1236:
1206:
1198:
1168:
1160:
1130:
1122:
1084:
1076:
1046:
1038:
1008:
1000:
970:
962:
932:
924:
14:
614:
592:
585:
578:
571:
549:
533:
524:
517:
510:
503:
482:
473:
466:
459:
443:
436:
429:
422:
415:
399:
392:
385:
378:
371:
342:
334:
327:
320:
224:
217:
209:
194:
187:
176:
169:
155:
148:
137:
130:
1513:Gnanadesikan, Amalia E. (2017).
835:('a word' or 'a language') and
831:('word' or 'language') becomes
816:whereas today it is pronounced
28:International Phonetic Alphabet
859:('lion') and intervocalically
1:
723:are not truly retroflex, but
1838:Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect
2414:
1627:
758:('mouth'). Maldivian and
604:
565:
492:
355:
314:
275:
207:
85:
80:
75:
73:
1870:Regional North American
1559:Maumoon, Yumna (2002),
24:phonetic transcriptions
2398:Indo-Aryan phonologies
2294:Dialects and varieties
1865:Received Pronunciation
1710:American Sign Language
754:('uncooked rice') and
21:This article contains
641:cynometra cauliflora
63:Indo-Aryan languages
2219:Proto-Indo-European
1875:White South African
917:Original / Dhivehi
272:
70:
2393:Maldivian language
855:('operating') and
773:('judge') is from
270:
68:
2380:
2379:
1880:Standard Canadian
1621:world's languages
1477:
1476:
886:in words such as
874:Borrowed phonemes
839:('fish') becomes
781:('past') is from
628:
627:
236:
235:
2405:
2232:Kerkrade dialect
1855:General American
1610:
1603:
1596:
1587:
1582:
1567:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1510:
1488:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1436:
1427:
1419:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1398:
1389:
1381:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1343:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1322:
1313:
1305:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1267:
1259:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1221:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1200:
1191:
1183:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1162:
1153:
1145:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1124:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1069:
1061:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1040:
1031:
1023:
1011:
1010:
1003:
1002:
993:
985:
973:
972:
965:
964:
955:
947:
935:
934:
927:
926:
897:
893:
889:
885:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
780:
772:
768:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
693:
691:
683:
675:
667:
659:
651:
645:
636:
618:
596:
589:
582:
575:
553:
544:
537:
528:
521:
514:
507:
500:
486:
477:
470:
463:
456:
447:
440:
433:
426:
419:
412:
403:
396:
389:
382:
375:
368:
346:
338:
331:
324:
273:
265:
251:
249:
244:
228:
221:
213:
198:
191:
180:
173:
159:
152:
141:
134:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
71:
43:
39:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2305:
2259:Scottish Gaelic
2112:
1966:Standard Modern
1906:
1718:Modern Standard
1678:
1623:
1614:
1580:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1499:
1482:
1438:
1400:
1362:
1324:
1286:
1240:
1202:
1164:
1126:
1080:
1042:
1004:
966:
928:
916:
876:
697:
696:
652:
648:
637:
633:
542:
498:
454:
410:
366:
360:
287:
255:
254:
245:
241:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
51:
50:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2411:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2385:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2264:Serbo-Croatian
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1925:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1570:Malé, Maldives
1553:
1552:
1541:
1532:
1520:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1449:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1411:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1373:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1335:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1297:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1251:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1213:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1175:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1137:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1091:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1053:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1015:
1012:
1005:
998:
995:
994:
977:
974:
967:
960:
957:
956:
939:
936:
929:
922:
919:
918:
911:
908:
903:
875:
872:
695:
694:
646:
630:
629:
626:
625:
623:
621:
619:
612:
610:
608:
602:
601:
599:
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
563:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
547:
545:
539:
538:
531:
529:
522:
515:
508:
501:
496:
490:
489:
487:
480:
478:
471:
464:
457:
451:
450:
448:
441:
434:
427:
420:
413:
407:
406:
404:
397:
390:
383:
376:
369:
364:
353:
352:
350:
348:
339:
332:
325:
318:
312:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
281:
276:
268:
267:
253:
252:
238:
237:
234:
233:
231:
229:
222:
215:
206:
200:
199:
192:
185:
183:
181:
174:
167:
161:
160:
153:
146:
144:
142:
135:
128:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
90:
89:
84:
79:
74:
44:⟩, see
20:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2410:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2108:Luxembourgish
2106:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2096:Maastrichtian
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1734:
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57:inventory of
56:
47:
35:
31:
29:
25:
2362:West Frisian
2149:Massachusett
2133:
1662:Prepositions
1631:
1561:
1544:
1535:
1528:Maumoon 2002
1523:
1514:
1490:
1483:
1480:Phonotactics
877:
869:
867:('effect').
843:('a fish').
822:
788:The phoneme
787:
764:
729:
698:
649:
639:
634:
242:
52:
40:and ⟨
22:
2092:Limburgish
1983:Greenlandic
1860:New Zealand
1793:Northern Wu
1652:Determiners
1632:Phonologies
1617:Phonologies
808:changed to
668:, it has a
567:Approximant
271:Consonants
2387:Categories
2352:Vietnamese
2223:Ripuarian
2214:Portuguese
2124:Macedonian
2103:Lithuanian
2013:Hindustani
1850:Australian
1803:Historical
1750:Belarusian
1647:Adjectives
1497:References
1487:/ʔis.kuːl/
2342:Ukrainian
2249:Sardinian
2227:Colognian
2184:Old Saxon
2169:Norwegian
2134:Maldivian
2078:Latgalian
2023:Icelandic
2018:Hungarian
1897:Esperanto
1783:Cantonese
1760:Bulgarian
1733:Levantine
1705:Afrikaans
794:/ripoːtu/
760:Sinhalese
750:('moon')
499:voiceless
494:Fricative
367:voiceless
362:Affricate
294:Retroflex
59:Maldivian
2239:Romanian
2048:Japanese
2006:Biblical
1993:Hawaiian
1988:Gujarati
1951:Standard
1943:Galician
1931:Parisian
1902:Estonian
1833:Standard
1778:Mandarin
1774:Chinese
1738:Tunisian
1723:Egyptian
1695:Acehnese
1667:Pronouns
1642:Grammars
888:/xaːdim/
857:/siŋɡaː/
853:/hiᵑɡaː/
779:/maːziː/
771:/ɡaːziː/
752:/haᶯɖuː/
455:prenasal
289:Alveolar
55:phonemic
38:/ /
34:Help:IPA
2367:Yiddish
2332:Turkish
2317:Tagalog
2301:Swedish
2289:Spanish
2274:Slovene
2244:Russian
2204:Persian
2174:Occitan
2154:Medumba
2144:Marathi
2088:Latvian
2068:Kurdish
2058:Konkani
2043:Italian
2028:Ingrian
1997:Hebrew
1971:Ancient
1956:Bernese
1947:German
1927:French
1923:Finnish
1918:Faroese
1845:English
1815:Cornish
1810:Chukchi
1788:Hokkien
1770:Catalan
1765:Burmese
1755:Bengali
1745:Avestan
1714:Arabic
1619:of the
865:/asaru/
861:/aharu/
841:/maheʔ/
833:/baheʔ/
775:Persian
748:/haⁿdu/
357:Plosive
309:Glottal
299:Palatal
82:Central
69:Vowels
26:in the
2347:Uyghur
2279:Somali
2269:Slovak
2209:Polish
2199:Pashto
2194:Ottawa
2179:Ojibwe
2164:Nepali
2159:Navajo
2073:Kyrgyz
2063:Korean
2001:Modern
1962:Greek
1936:Quebec
1890:Middle
1829:Dutch
1825:Danish
1728:Hejazi
1700:Adyghe
1690:Abkhaz
1576:
1491:school
906:Arabic
880:Arabic
829:/bas̪/
818:/fas̪/
814:/pas̪/
800:, and
756:/aᵑɡa/
742:, and
725:apical
719:, and
543:voiced
411:voiced
284:Dental
279:Labial
42:
2357:Welsh
2337:Ubykh
2322:Tamil
2284:Sotho
2254:Scots
2189:Oromo
2139:Māori
2129:Malay
2083:Latin
2053:Kiowa
2038:Irish
2033:Inuit
1976:Koine
1820:Czech
1672:Verbs
1657:Nouns
1566:(PDF)
1472:]
1468:[
1464:]
1460:[
1456:]
1452:[
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1422:[
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1414:[
1388:]
1384:[
1380:]
1376:[
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1346:[
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1338:[
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1308:[
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1300:[
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1270:[
1266:]
1262:[
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1254:[
1228:]
1224:[
1220:]
1216:[
1190:]
1186:[
1182:]
1178:[
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1148:[
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1140:[
1114:]
1110:[
1106:]
1102:[
1098:]
1094:[
1068:]
1064:[
1060:]
1056:[
1030:]
1026:[
1022:]
1018:[
992:]
988:[
984:]
980:[
954:]
950:[
946:]
942:[
910:SAMT
837:/mas/
674:]
670:[
666:]
662:[
316:Nasal
304:Velar
264:]
260:[
126:Close
114:short
104:short
94:short
77:Front
30:(IPA)
2372:Zuni
2327:Taos
1574:ISBN
901:Tāna
847:and
783:Urdu
744:/ᵑɡ/
740:/ᶯɖ/
736:/ⁿd/
732:/ᵐb/
703:and
684:and
248:/ai/
204:Open
119:long
109:long
99:long
87:Back
53:The
2310:T–Z
2117:M–S
1911:F–L
1885:Old
1798:Old
1683:A–E
1466:or
1268:or
1108:or
914:IPA
892:/ʒ/
884:/x/
849:/h/
845:/s/
825:/s/
810:/f/
806:/p/
802:/p/
798:/f/
790:/p/
767:/z/
721:/ɭ/
717:/ʂ/
713:/ɖ/
709:/ʈ/
705:/d/
701:/t/
606:Tap
468:ⁿd̪
438:d͡ʒ
394:t͡ʃ
165:Mid
2389::
1568:,
1505:^
1493:.
1470:s̺
1458:/
1448:ś
1420:/
1416:dˤ
1410:ḑ
1386:s̺
1382:/
1378:sˤ
1372:ş
1344:/
1334:q
1310:s̺
1306:/
1296:ṡ
1272:z̺
1260:/
1256:ðˤ
1250:ẓ
1226:t̪
1222:/
1218:tˤ
1212:ţ
1188:z̺
1184:/
1174:ź
1146:/
1136:w
1100:/
1090:ġ
1062:/
1052:‘
1024:/
1014:ʒ
986:/
976:x
948:/
938:ḥ
820:.
785:.
777:,
738:,
734:,
715:,
711:,
580:l̪
512:s̪
484:ᵑɡ
475:ᶯɖ
461:ᵐb
424:d̪
380:t̪
347:)
226:aː
214:)
211:æː
196:oː
178:eː
157:uː
139:iː
1609:e
1602:t
1595:v
1462:ʃ
1454:ʃ
1443:ش
1435:ޝ
1424:l
1405:ض
1397:ޟ
1367:ص
1359:ޞ
1348:g
1340:q
1329:ق
1321:ޤ
1302:θ
1291:ث
1283:ޘ
1264:l
1245:ظ
1237:ޡ
1207:ط
1199:ޠ
1180:ð
1169:ذ
1161:ޛ
1150:ʋ
1142:w
1131:و
1123:ޥ
1112:ʔ
1104:g
1096:ɣ
1085:غ
1077:ޣ
1066:ʔ
1058:ʕ
1047:ع
1039:ޢ
1028:ʒ
1020:ʒ
1009:ژ
1001:ޜ
990:h
982:x
971:خ
963:ޚ
952:h
944:ħ
933:ح
925:ޙ
692:.
690:/
688:u
686:/
682:/
680:a
678:/
672:w
664:v
658:/
656:ʋ
654:/
616:ɽ
594:j
587:ɭ
573:ʋ
551:z
535:h
526:ʃ
519:ʂ
505:f
445:ɡ
431:ɖ
417:b
401:k
387:ʈ
373:p
359:/
344:ɲ
341:(
336:ɳ
329:n
322:m
286:/
266:.
262:ä
250:.
219:a
208:(
189:o
171:e
150:u
132:i
48:.
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