467:. (1) 8 Q. B. D. 54 The prisoner in that case did what was certain to make people crush one another, perhaps to death, and the grievous bodily harm was as truly inficted by him as if he had hurled a stone at someone's head. Take also the illustration of my brother Stephen, of a man who digs a pit for another to fall into, whereby that other is injured. I do not think that this section was ever intended to apply to the administration of poison, and most of the arguments I have used to shew that sexual offences were not intended to be dealt with in s. 47 apply with equal force to s. 20. The Court for the consideration of Crown Cases Reserved in
534:, the appellant was tried on charges of causing grievous bodily harm with intent and inflicting grievous bodily harm. The victim said that the appellant and a companion were drunk. He said that while he was in a street that was eight feet wide and had a narrow pavement, the appellant drove a car through that street at twenty-five to thirty miles an hour, mounted the pavement and injured him. The appellant denied that he was the driver of the car in a written statement to the police and said he could add nothing to that statement in an unsworn statement from the dock. However, during his closing speech,
339:, shortly before the conclusion of a performance at a theatre, the defendant put out the lights on a staircase which a large number of persons had to descend in order to leave the theatre, and he also obstructed the exit by placing an iron bar across a doorway which they had in leaving to pass, and upon the lights being thus extinguished, a large proportion of the audience were seized by panic and rushed in fright down the staircase forcing those in front against the iron bar; he "inflicted" injuries which resulted by reason of the pressure and struggling of the crowd thus created on the staircase.
471:(1) Law Rep. 1 C. c. R. 194. decided that in the offence of "unlawfully and maliciously inflicting grievous bodily harm", an assault is necessarily included. So far as the decision is concerned, the same question may be said to arise under s. 20 as under s. 47. But I think the argument is even stronger here, for the context seems to me to shew that direct personal violence of some kind was intended, so that even if the constructive assault contended for by those who support a conviction under s. 47 were established, a conviction under this section would still be wrong.
579:, confirmed that references to mere foresight or recklessness that harm was likely to result are sufficient for the element "unlawfully and maliciously inflict/cause" for the basic intent in both sections 18 and 20 but insufficient for the specific element. The intention either to cause or to resist arrest must be proved subjectively, say, in the charge "malicious wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm".
786:(which relate to extended sentences) apply where a person is convicted of an offence under section 20, committed after the commencement of section 227 or 228 (as the case may be) and the court considers that there is a significant risk to members of the public of serious harm occasioned by the commission by the offender of further specified offences.
774:, the court, if not precluded from sentencing an offender by its exercise of some other power, may impose a fine instead of or in addition to dealing with him in any other way in which the court has power to deal with him, subject however to any enactment requiring the offender to be dealt with in a particular way.
508:
In the offence under section 20 ... the word "maliciously" does import upon the part of the person who unlawfully inflicts the wound or other grievous bodily harm an awareness that his act may have the consequence of causing some physical harm to some other person ... It is quite unnecessary that the
374:
Lord Steyn described the actions of
Burstow as follows: "During an eight-month period in 1995 covered by the indictment he continued his campaign of harassment. He made some silent telephone calls to her. He also made abusive calls to her. He distributed offensive cards in the street where she lived.
83:
Whosoever shall unlawfully and maliciously by any means whatsoever wound or cause any grievous bodily harm to any person, ... with intent, ... to do some ... grievous bodily harm to any person, or with intent to resist or prevent the lawful apprehension or detainer of any person, shall
781:
because it is a specified violent offence. It is not a serious offence for the purposes of that
Chapter because it is not, apart from section 225, punishable in the case of a person aged 18 or over by imprisonment for life, or by imprisonment for a determinate period of ten years or more. This means
538:
suggested that all the appellant intended to do was frighten the victim and no more. The jury were directed that if there was an intention to frighten, and injury took place as a result, the appellant was guilty of an offence under section 20. The appellant was acquitted of the offence under section
398:
In our opinion, grievous bodily harm may be inflicted ... either where the accused has directly and violently "inflicted" it by assaulting the victim, or where the accused has "inflicted" it by doing something, intentionally, which, although it is not itself a direct application of force to the body
582:
The Crown
Prosecution Service said that the following factors may indicate the specific intent: "a repeated or planned attack; deliberate selection of a weapon or adaptation of an article to cause injury, such as breaking a glass before an attack; making prior threats; and using an offensive weapon
479:
But is there an "infliction of bodily harm either with or without any weapon or instrument"? I think not for the following reasons. The words appear to me to mean the direct causing of some grievous injury to the body itself with a weapon, as by a cut with a knife, or without a weapon, as by a blow
543:
for section 20, and that the direction to the contrary effect was a misdirection. However, they dismissed the appellant's appeal. They said that a properly directed jury could not in the circumstances have come to any other conclusion than that the appellant must have been aware that what he was
462:
But I think the section clearly points to the infliction of direct and intentional violence, whether with a weapon, or the fist, or the foot, or any other part of the person or in any other way not involving the use of the weapon, as for instance by creating a panic at a theatre whereby people
898:, a person guilty of an offence under section 20 is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years, or on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months, or to a fine not exceeding the prescribed sum, or to both.
509:
accused should have foreseen that his unlawful act might cause physical harm of the gravity described in the section, i.e. a wound or serious physical injury. It is enough that he should have foreseen that some physical harm to some person, albeit of a minor character, might result.
370:
Lord Hope of
Craighead said "the word 'inflict' implies that the consequence of the act is something which the victim is likely to find unpleasant or harmful." He said that, in the context of a criminal act, the words "cause" and "inflict" may be taken to be interchangeable.
762:
In
England and Wales, a person guilty of an offence under section 20 is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years, or on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to a fine not exceeding the
157:
Whosoever shall unlawfully and maliciously wound or inflict any grievous bodily harm upon any other person, either with or without any weapon or instrument, shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 7
141:
Whosoever shall unlawfully and maliciously wound or inflict any grievous bodily harm upon any other person, either with or without any weapon or instrument, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and being convicted thereof shall be liable ... to be kept in penal
480:
with the fist, or by pushing a person down. Indeed, though the word "assault" is not used in the section, I think the words imply an assault and battery of which a wound or grievous bodily harm is the manifest immediate and obvious result.
367:, it was held that an offence of inflicting grievous bodily harm under section 20 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 can be committed where no physical violence is applied directly or indirectly to the body of the victim.
375:
He was frequently, and unnecessarily, at her home and place of work. He surreptitiously took photographs of the victim and her family. He sent her a note which was intended to be menacing, and was so understood."
416:, he had "connection" with her; that the result was that the disease was communicated to her, and that had she been aware of the prisoner's condition she would not have submitted to the intercourse.
487:
Hawkins J said that he thought that the contention that bodily harm cannot be legally said to be "inflicted" unless it has been brought about by some act amounting to an assault was untenable.
353:, Lord Mackay of Clashfern LC said, with the agreement of the majority of the House of Lords, "In my opinion ... the word 'cause' is wider or at least not narrower than the word 'inflict
666:
934:
792:
2500:
2087:
770:
Where a person is convicted on indictment of an offence under section 20, other than an offence for which the sentence falls to be imposed under section 227 or 228 of the
963:
2510:
1891:
1544:
1729:
1131:
484:
A. L. Smith J said "it appears to me that this offence cannot be committed unless an assault has in fact been committed, and indeed this has been so held".
253:
48. In this case, a pellet gun was fired at the victim. The bullet ruptured blood vessels above his eye, causing his eye to fill with fluid. Lord
Justice
2198:
2634:
1980:
1047:
184:
66:", whereas the offence under section 20 is variously referred to as "unlawful wounding", "malicious wounding" or "inflicting grievous bodily harm".
539:
18, but convicted of offences under section 20. The Court of Appeal held that an intention to frighten was not enough to constitute the necessary
92:
or attempting to shoot, and included some words considered redundant; they were repealed by section 10(2) of, and Part III of
Schedule 3 to, the
664:
2242:
2054:
923:
657:
2210:
2132:
2024:
513:
Therefore, the defendant must at least be reckless as to whether some harm, albeit not necessarily serious harm, is likely to be caused (see
111:
100:
31:
163:
110:(words limiting penal servitude to at least three years, or imprisonment to at most two years, and removing mention of hard labour) and the
2667:
2495:
2117:
2082:
1612:
1599:
1595:
1559:, section 224(1) as read with section 224(3) and paragraph 7 Part 1 of Schedule 15 (where the offence is described as "malicious wounding")
1498:
1481:
1464:
1411:
681:
576:
531:
254:
122:
118:
55:
2112:
448:
399:
of the victim, does directly result in force being applied violently to the body of the victim, so that he suffers grievous bodily harm.
2662:
1722:
62:
for section 18; the offence under section 18 is variously referred to as "wounding with intent" or "causing grievous bodily harm with
606:
is only an allowed defence to either section if there is considered to be a good reason. This may include medical operations, sport,
1937:
1901:
1845:
790:
452:
2351:
1031:
1485:
435:
JJ specifically said that they thought the disease had not been inflicted within the meaning of the word "inflict" in section 20.
200:
2470:
1883:
2188:
1702:
1519:
1451:
2535:
2336:
1836:
420:
257:
said the rupturing of blood vessels is an internal wound; only the breaking of whole skin would warrant a wounding charge.
2657:
2267:
2193:
1715:
147:
107:
1426:
1 WLR 1006, 95 Cr App R 304, 4 All ER 541, Ct-MAC (RAF officers set fire to one of their number inflicting severe burns)
84:
be guilty of felony, and being convicted thereof shall be liable ... to be kept in penal servitude for life ...
2272:
1872:
1536:
591:
Sections 20 and 47 are offences of basic intent and can be an alternative charge to section 18, and/or section 47 is a
2439:
2231:
2020:
1985:
1927:
1840:
976:
911:
907:
1693:
2401:
2067:
2002:
1991:
939:
754:
In
Northern Ireland, an offence under section 18 is punishable with imprisonment for life or for any shorter term.
211:
None of the words used in these sections are defined elsewhere in the Act, but they have been defined by case law.
126:
2077:
1681:
1582:
1569:
1556:
1532:
1506:
1468:
783:
778:
771:
346:
appears to be that the offence of causing grievous bodily harm under section 18 can be committed by an omission.
196:
455:
specifically said that he thought it had been inflicted within the meaning of the word "inflict" in section 20.
2356:
2226:
2150:
1817:
1812:
560:
59:
1635:
Criminal Law
Revision Committee Fourteenth Report (1980) Offences Against the Person (London: HMSO) Cmnd 7844.
1502:
1688:
1394:
535:
2321:
2215:
2012:
1942:
1861:
1127:
1111:
636:
592:
432:
250:
547:
In practice, malice in the case of these offences means no more than foresight of the risk of bodily harm:
412:, it appeared that at a time when the prisoner knew, but his wife did not know, that he was suffering from
321:
inches long had been used, it was not possible that something less than really serious harm was intended).
303:. It is for the judge to decide whether the word "really" needs to be used in their direction to the jury:
2520:
2262:
1947:
603:
444:
187:
provided the same for
Northern Ireland, until the 1861 Act was amended in 2004 to update the formulation.
2560:
1103:
2485:
2406:
2361:
2205:
2016:
1965:
1932:
1142:
Ormerod, David. Smith and Hogan's Criminal Law. Thirteenth Edition. Oxford University Press. 2011. p. 69
1027:
428:
300:
180:
93:
2505:
2475:
2044:
2028:
1738:
436:
47:
2530:
2288:
2247:
2140:
1896:
1832:
1827:
285:
99:
The words omitted in the penultimate place ("at the discretion of the court") were repealed by the
2612:
2277:
2160:
2107:
1822:
1777:
1767:
1752:
1975:
1697:
1043:
2550:
2480:
2183:
2039:
1958:
1107:
607:
260:
A bruise or internal rupturing of blood vessels is not a wound, and neither is a broken bone.
789:
See the Crown Prosecution Service Sentencing Manual for case law on sentencing of section 20
663:
See the Crown Prosecution Service Sentencing Manual for case law on sentencing of section 18
2525:
2416:
2366:
2237:
2173:
2034:
895:
440:
1190:
This is the point of law that the Court of Appeal certified as being of general importance.
2221:
2102:
2092:
1800:
1762:
1023:
989:
813:
796:
670:
330:
63:
51:
1540:
805:
458:
Wills J said (footnotes have been included in the body of the text, indicated by "(1)"):
307:
1 Cr App R 91, The Times, 8 May 1998, CA (in this case, as a knife with a blade at least
777:
An offence under section 20 is a specified offence for the purposes of chapter 5 of the
2607:
2555:
2490:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2316:
2298:
2257:
2145:
2059:
1953:
1911:
1757:
1439:
1381:
1203:
1178:
764:
640:
496:
379:
219:
This section is about the legal definition of 'wound'. For the medical definition, see
2651:
2515:
1970:
1772:
1657:
624:
2602:
2588:
2411:
1172:
501:
424:
1435:
514:
17:
1013:
1866:
1371:
3 WLR 1192, EWCA Crim 1, 1 QB 421, 51 Cr App Rep 402, 131 JP 463, 3 All ER 47
929:
363:
571:
requirements and is therefore an offence of specific rather than basic intent.
183:. Accordingly, "guilty of felony" is to be read as "guilty of an offence". The
2626:
2593:
2570:
2381:
2311:
2097:
1794:
1218:(1888) 22 QBD 23, (1888) 16 Cox CC 511, (1888) 5 TLR 61, (1888) 53 JP 149, CCR
611:
439:
said that he agreed with Stephen. Stephen said that he had been informed that
238:. There must be a division of the whole skin and not merely a division of the
245:
A single drop of blood is sufficient, but it must fall outside the body: see
203:. Accordingly, the phrase "penal servitude" is to be read as "imprisonment".
2598:
2545:
2376:
2371:
2341:
618:
413:
1380:
1 AC 699, 3 WLR 914, 4 All ER 698, (1991) 94 Cr App R 193, Crim LR 288,
451:
said that he agreed with all or almost all of what Wills and Stephen said.
54:. It refers to two offences that are created by sections 18 and 20 of the
2578:
2540:
2444:
2346:
1806:
1535:, section 163; this power was previously created by section 30(1) of the
610:(even if carried out by someone who is not trained), and, occasionally, "
567:
89:
912:
racially or religiously aggravated wounding or infliction of bodily harm
2465:
2460:
2434:
2326:
2282:
2122:
2072:
1906:
1707:
239:
114:(words prescribing imprisonment as an alternative to penal servitude).
2064:
Attempting to choke, &c. in order to commit any indictable offence
2178:
1663:
Home Office Consultation Paper – Violence: Reforming the OAP Act 1861
656:
In England and Wales, an offence under section 18 is punishable with
299:
Crim LR 230, LS Gaz R 1005, allows "serious injury" as a sufficient
263:
Wounding does not imply the use of a weapon; a kick may be wounding.
231:
88:
The words omitted in the first to third places specifically included
179:
The distinction between felony and misdemeanor was abolished by the
58:. The distinction between these two sections is the requirement of
2331:
2306:
1395:"Offences against the Person, incorporating the Charging Standard"
220:
914:. This is an aggravated version of the offence under section 20.
627:
sexual acts are not a good reason to allow a defence of consent.
2583:
2252:
2168:
235:
1711:
419:
Clarence's conviction under section 20 was quashed by the
162:
This was subject to the same omissions as in England; the
635:
In England and Wales, the offence under section 18 is an
544:
doing was likely to cause physical injury to the victim.
1598:(24 & 25 Vict c 100), section 20; as amended by the
1151:
2 All ER 715, 1 AC 208, 99 Cr App R 250, 2 WLR 700, HL
519:), but a mere intention to frighten is not enough (see
1177:
1 Cr App Rep 177, 3 WLR 534, AC 147, 4 All ER 225,
342:
David Ormerod said that the effect of the decision in
164:
Criminal Justice (No. 2) (Northern Ireland) Order 2004
1600:
Criminal Justice (No.2) (Northern Ireland) Order 2004
1630:
Law Commission Report on Offences Against the Person
1454:(c.43), section 17(1) and Schedule 1, paragraph 5(b)
935:
Non-fatal offences against the person in English law
2569:
2501:
Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
2453:
2425:
2297:
2159:
2131:
2088:
Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
2001:
1920:
1882:
1854:
1786:
1745:
1642:, (3rd ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press. (1995)
1110:444; (1881) 46 JP 228; (1881) 30 WR 106; (1881) 14
1703:Sentencing Council: Assault - Definitive Guideline
1202:AC 242, 3 WLR 686, 77 Cr App R 319, Crim LR 36,
106:The words omitted at the end were repealed by the
2496:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension
2083:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension
1613:Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981
1414:(involved a husband branding his wife's buttocks)
964:Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice
818:EWCA Crim 1174 (13 May 1997), 1 Cr App R (S) 105
810:EWCA Crim 918 (16 April 1997), 1 Cr App R (S) 21
801:The following cases are relevant to section 20:
1545:Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000
506:
477:
460:
396:
155:
139:
81:
906:In England and Wales, section 29(1)(a) of the
1723:
447:said that he thoroughly agreed with Stephen.
288:485, CA. It encompasses a range of injuries:
8:
1486:Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1953
201:Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1953
137:In England and Wales, section 20 now reads:
1505:(54 & 55 Vict c 69), section 1(1); the
121:, which in turn replaced section 12 of the
1730:
1716:
1708:
1654:Criminal Liability for Transmission of HIV
1585:, sections 227(1) and 228(1)(a) and (b)(i)
1501:(24 & 25 Vict c 100), section 20; the
1484:(24 & 25 Vict c 100), section 18; the
1467:(24 & 25 Vict c 100), section 18; the
902:Racially or religiously aggravated offence
2050:Wounding or causing grievous bodily harm
639:, while the offence under section 20 is
583:against, or kicking the victim's head".
185:Criminal Law Act (Northern Ireland) 1967
40:Assault occasioning grievous bodily harm
951:
910:(c 37) creates the distinct offence of
146:The words omitted were repealed by the
117:This section replaces section 4 of the
27:Severest form of battery in English law
2243:Preventing the lawful burial of a body
2055:Assault occasioning actual bodily harm
1509:(11 & 12 Geo 6 c 58), section 1(1)
1471:(11 & 12 Geo 6 c 58), section 1(1)
924:Assault occasioning actual bodily harm
125:, which in turn replaced section 1 of
2211:Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred
966:, 1999, paragraph 19-201 at page 1614
195:Penal servitude was abolished by the
112:Statute Law Revision (No. 2) Act 1893
101:Statute Law Revision (No. 2) Act 1893
32:Grievous Bodily Harm (disambiguation)
7:
2118:Offences Against the Person Act 1861
1698:Offences against the Person Act 1861
1602:(SI 2004/1991 (NI 15)), article 4(1)
1596:Offences against the Person Act 1861
1499:Offences against the Person Act 1861
1482:Offences against the Person Act 1861
1465:Offences against the Person Act 1861
1038:(1836) 1 Mood & R 526; See also
959:
957:
955:
269:means "really serious bodily harm":
123:Offences against the Person Act 1828
119:Offences against the Person Act 1837
56:Offences against the Person Act 1861
1397:. Government of the United Kingdom.
990:"Grievous Bodily Harm and Wounding"
1537:Powers of Criminal Courts Act 1973
1024:[1834] EWHC J79 (Exch)
688:AG's Ref No 44 of 2008 (Patterson)
234:that breaks the continuity of the
50:to describe the severest forms of
25:
1652:Ormerod, D. C. & Gunn, M. J.
1350:(1888) 22 QBD 23 at 37 to 38, CCR
1326:(1888) 22 QBD 23 at 36 to 37, CCR
1314:(1888) 22 QBD 23 at 47 to 50, CCR
1254:(1888) 22 QBD 23 at 41 to 42, CCR
1242:(1888) 22 QBD 23 at 37 to 38, CCR
1230:(1888) 22 QBD 23 at 36 to 37, CCR
782:that sections 227 and 228 of the
718:AG's Ref (No 95 of 2009) (Blight)
2511:Encouraging or assisting a crime
2471:Perverting the course of justice
1892:Encouraging or assisting a crime
1670:Force, Injury and Serious Injury
1615:(No 1675 (NI 26)), article 46(4)
378:Neither offence requires that a
2635:History of English criminal law
2526:Obstruction of a police officer
2189:Fear or provocation of violence
1106:; (1881) 51 LJMC 36; (1881) 45
153:In Northern Ireland, it reads:
2536:Refusing to assist a constable
2352:Taking without owner's consent
694:AG's Ref No 49 of 2008 (Blake)
421:Court for Crown Cases Reserved
166:enacted the other amendments.
1:
2556:Fabrication of false evidence
2268:Misconduct in a public office
2194:Harassment, alarm or distress
1768:Regulatory (lowered mens rea)
1647:Reconsidering Psychic Assault
678:AG's Ref No 14 of 2008 (Cook)
148:Statute Law Revision Act 1892
108:Statute Law Revision Act 1892
2273:Misfeasance in public office
1873:Ignorantia juris non excusat
1520:Magistrates' Courts Act 1980
1452:Magistrates' Courts Act 1980
1410:2 Cr App R 241, 3 WLR 125,
1078:QB 331 (1984) 78 Cr App R 48
1066:QB 331 (1984) 78 Cr App R 48
712:AG's Ref 14 of 2009 (Morgan)
565:Section 18 has two separate
2668:Offences against the person
2440:Cheating the public revenue
2232:Effecting a public mischief
2078:Assault with intent to rape
1393:Crown Prosecution Service.
1362:(1888) 22 QBD 23 at 47, CCR
1338:(1888) 22 QBD 23 at 41, CCR
1302:(1888) 22 QBD 23 at 66, CCR
1290:(1888) 22 QBD 23 at 56, CCR
1278:(1888) 22 QBD 23 at 46, CCR
1266:(1888) 22 QBD 23 at 38, CCR
977:Crime and Disorder Act 1998
908:Crime and Disorder Act 1998
516:R v Savage, DPP v Parmenter
247:JJC (a minor) v. Eisenhower
2684:
2516:Escape from lawful custody
2402:Fraud by abuse of position
2068:Assault with intent to rob
1992:Category:Criminal defences
940:Offence against the person
558:
328:
218:
29:
2663:English legal terminology
2632:For obsolete aspects see
2621:
2367:Misappropriation of funds
2299:Offences against property
1981:Diminished responsibility
1682:Crown Prosecution Service
1583:Criminal Justice Act 2003
1570:Criminal Justice Act 2003
1557:Criminal Justice Act 2003
1533:Criminal Justice Act 2003
1507:Criminal Justice Act 1948
1469:Criminal Justice Act 1948
1046: (28 November 2003),
1044:[2003] NSWCCA 351
784:Criminal Justice Act 2003
779:Criminal Justice Act 2003
772:Criminal Justice Act 2003
660:or for any shorter term.
463:trampled on one another:
423:by a majority of 9 to 4.
197:Criminal Justice Act 1948
2454:Offences against justice
2227:Outraging public decency
2151:Sexual Offences Act 2003
1952:inc. participation in a
1862:Lesser included offences
1818:Intention in English law
1813:Intention (criminal law)
1640:Statutory Interpretation
1503:Penal Servitude Act 1891
1174:R v Ireland, R v Burstow
1076:C (a minor) v Eisenhower
1064:C (a minor) v Eisenhower
1062:(1838) 8 C & P 635;
1048:Court of Criminal Appeal
669:11 December 2008 at the
561:Intention in English law
305:R v Janjua and Choudhury
79:This section now reads:
1200:R v Wilson, R v Jenkins
1130:134, (1918) 82 JP 287,
1124:R v Gibbins and Proctor
706:AG's Ref 6 of 2009 (DR)
637:indictable-only offence
593:lesser included offence
536:counsel for the defence
392:R v Wilson, R v Jenkins
344:R v Gibbins and Proctor
127:Lord Ellenborough's Act
2571:Other common law areas
2521:Obstruction of justice
2263:Accessory (legal term)
2025:Corporate manslaughter
1206:, reversing 1 WLR 356
1090:(1838) 8 C & P 635
1018:(1830) 1 Mood CC 278;
1015:Rex v Wood and M'Mahon
673:. Relevant cases are:
511:
482:
473:
401:
283:R v Brown and Stratton
160:
144:
86:
42:(often abbreviated to
2486:Misprision of treason
2407:Conspiracy to defraud
2362:Handling stolen goods
2206:Public Order Act 1986
2161:Public order offences
1668:Williams, Glanville.
1522:(c 43), section 32(1)
1050:(NSW, Australia).
1030:(England and Wales);
658:imprisonment for life
394:, Lord Roskill said:
301:direction to the jury
181:Criminal Law Act 1967
150:, as for section 18.
94:Criminal Law Act 1967
2658:English criminal law
2506:Harboring a fugitive
2476:Witness intimidation
2426:Forgery, personation
2045:Concealment of birth
1739:English criminal law
795:11 July 2011 at the
587:Alternative verdicts
267:Grievous bodily harm
226:For this purpose, a
48:English criminal law
46:) is a term used in
30:For other uses, see
2561:Rescuing a prisoner
2531:Wasting police time
2289:Dereliction of duty
2248:Breach of the peace
1966:Prevention of crime
1828:Criminal negligence
1436:R v Brown (Anthony)
1163:1 AC 208 at 215, HL
623:however ruled that
292:(2007) 48 MVR 360.
2627:English law portal
2613:Criminal procedure
2278:Abuse of authority
2108:False imprisonment
1959:Medical procedures
1787:Elements of crimes
1656:(1996) 1 Web JCLI
1020:Moriarty v Brookes
979:, section 29(1)(a)
866:1 Cr App R (S) 100
848:2 Cr App R (S) 113
824:1 Cr App R (S) 481
750:1 Cr App R (S) 107
708:2 Cr App R (S) 108
702:2 Cr App R (S) 107
696:1 Cr App R (S) 109
690:1 Cr App R (S) 111
641:triable either way
608:body modifications
142:servitude ...
18:Malicious wounding
2645:
2644:
2551:Contempt of court
2481:Witness tampering
2199:intent aggravates
2184:Unlawful assembly
2040:Child destruction
1884:Inchoate offences
1746:Classes of crimes
1628:Clarkson. C.M.V.
890:1 Cr App R (S) 64
884:1 Cr App R (S) 18
878:1 Cr App R (S) 16
860:1 Cr App R (S) 95
854:1 Cr App R (S) 64
830:2 Cr App R (S) 97
738:1 Cr App R (S) 79
732:1 Cr App R (S) 37
726:1 Cr App R (S) 34
714:1 Cr App R (S) 17
449:Lord Coleridge CJ
443:agreed with him.
325:Inflict and cause
16:(Redirected from
2675:
2417:Webcam blackmail
2238:disorderly house
2174:Violent disorder
2035:Unlawful killing
2003:Offences against
1841:Strict liability
1732:
1725:
1718:
1709:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1592:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1572:, section 224(2)
1566:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1529:
1523:
1516:
1510:
1495:
1489:
1478:
1472:
1461:
1455:
1448:
1442:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1121:
1115:
1097:
1091:
1088:Reg v M'Loughlin
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1060:Reg v M'Loughlin
1057:
1051:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
986:
980:
973:
967:
961:
896:Northern Ireland
836:2 Cr App R (S) 5
475:Stephen J said:
356:
320:
319:
315:
312:
242:or upper layer.
21:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2617:
2565:
2449:
2427:
2421:
2337:Criminal damage
2293:
2222:Public nuisance
2155:
2133:Sexual offences
2127:
2103:Child abduction
2004:
1997:
1943:Loss of control
1916:
1878:
1850:
1782:
1741:
1736:
1679:
1665:(1998) CLR 317.
1649:(1998) CLR 392.
1638:Cross, Rupert.
1632:(1994) CLR 324.
1625:
1623:Further reading
1620:
1619:
1610:
1606:
1593:
1589:
1580:
1576:
1567:
1563:
1554:
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1418:
1406:
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1392:
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1387:
1379:
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1354:
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1322:
1318:
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1298:
1294:
1286:
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1274:
1270:
1262:
1258:
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1246:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1122:
1118:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1058:
1054:
1012:
1008:
998:
996:
988:
987:
983:
974:
970:
962:
953:
948:
920:
904:
797:Wayback Machine
760:
671:Wayback Machine
654:
649:
633:
625:sadomasochistic
601:
589:
563:
557:
555:Specific intent
551:1 Cr App R 30.
493:
406:
388:
354:
333:
331:Causation (law)
327:
317:
313:
310:
308:
224:
217:
209:
193:
191:Penal servitude
177:
172:
135:
77:
72:
60:specific intent
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2681:
2679:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2650:
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2640:
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2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2491:Jury tampering
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2397:Fraud Act 2006
2394:
2392:Theft Act 1978
2389:
2387:Theft Act 1968
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2317:Cheating (law)
2314:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2258:Forcible entry
2255:
2250:
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2208:
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2186:
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2171:
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2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2146:Sexual assault
2143:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2060:Common assault
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2009:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1954:sporting event
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1912:Common purpose
1909:
1904:
1899:
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1712:
1706:
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1700:
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1690:
1678:
1677:External links
1675:
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1618:
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1604:
1587:
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1548:
1524:
1511:
1490:
1488:, section 1(1)
1473:
1456:
1443:
1428:
1416:
1408:R v Wilson (A)
1400:
1385:
1373:
1364:
1352:
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1181:(24 July 1997)
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872:EWCA Crim 2150
867:
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819:
811:
767:, or to both.
765:prescribed sum
759:
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559:Main article:
556:
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492:
489:
469:Reg. v. Taylor
465:Reg. v. Martin
405:
402:
387:
384:
382:be committed.
380:common assault
326:
323:
281:1 AC 212, HL;
275:R v Cunningham
216:
213:
208:
205:
192:
189:
176:
173:
171:
170:Interpretation
168:
134:
131:
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2239:
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2209:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
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2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Lawful excuse
1969:
1967:
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1661:Smith, J. C.
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1120:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1102:(1881) 8 QBD
1101:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1053:
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1041:
1037:
1036:Rex v Beckett
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1007:
995:
994:IPSA LOQUITUR
991:
985:
982:
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808:
807:R v Robertson
804:
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791:
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768:
766:
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749:
746:
744:EWCA Crim 115
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
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722:
720:EWCA Crim 353
719:
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631:Mode of trial
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362:R v Burstow,
358:
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279:R v Brown (A)
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33:
19:
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2625:
2428:and cheating
2412:Fare evasion
2049:
2021:Manslaughter
1990:
1986:Intoxication
1928:Self-defence
1871:
1823:Recklessness
1805:
1793:
1680:
1669:
1662:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1629:
1607:
1590:
1577:
1564:
1551:
1539:and then by
1527:
1514:
1493:
1476:
1459:
1446:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1407:
1403:
1388:
1376:
1367:
1360:R v Clarence
1359:
1355:
1348:R v Clarence
1347:
1343:
1336:R v Clarence
1335:
1331:
1324:R v Clarence
1323:
1319:
1312:R v Clarence
1311:
1307:
1300:R v Clarence
1299:
1295:
1288:R v Clarence
1287:
1283:
1276:R v Clarence
1275:
1271:
1264:R v Clarence
1263:
1259:
1252:R v Clarence
1251:
1247:
1240:R v Clarence
1239:
1235:
1228:R v Clarence
1227:
1223:
1216:R v Clarence
1215:
1211:
1199:
1195:
1186:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1123:
1119:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1040:R v Shepherd
1039:
1035:
1019:
1014:
1009:
997:. Retrieved
993:
984:
971:
905:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
822:R v McNellis
821:
814:
806:
800:
788:
776:
769:
761:
753:
747:
742:R v Chatburn
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
682:Cr App R (S)
677:
662:
655:
634:
617:
616:
602:
590:
581:
572:
566:
564:
548:
546:
540:
530:Crim LR 46,
528:R v Sullivan
527:
525:
521:R v Sullivan
520:
515:
512:
507:
502:Lord Diplock
497:
494:
486:
483:
478:
474:
468:
464:
461:
457:
445:Huddleston B
418:
410:R v Clarence
409:
407:
397:
391:
389:
386:1983 to 1997
377:
373:
369:
361:
359:
350:
348:
343:
341:
336:
334:
304:
297:R v Saunders
296:
294:
290:R v Woodland
289:
282:
278:
277:AC 566, HL;
274:
273:AC 290, HL;
270:
266:
265:
262:
259:
246:
244:
227:
225:
210:
207:The offences
194:
178:
161:
156:
152:
145:
140:
136:
116:
105:
98:
87:
82:
78:
43:
39:
38:
36:
2029:Infanticide
1867:Concurrence
1692:Section 20
1687:Section 18
1645:Horder, J.
1541:section 127
1438:2 WLR 556,
1161:R v Mandair
930:Bodily harm
575:1 WLR 741,
491:Maliciously
429:A. L. Smith
404:Before 1983
364:R v Ireland
351:R v Mandair
271:DPP v Smith
255:Robert Goff
2652:Categories
2382:Cybercrime
2312:Dishonesty
2236:Keeping a
2113:Harassment
2098:Kidnapping
2005:the person
1897:Conspiracy
1795:Actus reus
1778:Common law
1758:Either way
1753:Indictable
1672:NLJ 7/9/90
1424:R v Aitken
1126:(1918) 13
1100:R v Martin
1028:High Court
999:23 October
946:References
876:Williamson
758:Section 20
652:Section 18
573:R v Belfon
549:R v Barnes
498:R v Mowatt
441:Grantham J
414:gonorrhoea
337:R v Martin
329:See also:
249:(1984) 78
133:Section 20
75:Section 18
2546:Espionage
2377:Extortion
2372:Blackmail
2357:Deception
2342:Squatting
1938:Necessity
1902:Accessory
1855:Doctrines
1846:Omissions
1837:Vicarious
1833:Corporate
1801:Causation
1773:Statutory
1032:C & P
870:R v Burns
842:EWCA 1208
834:R v Foote
828:R v Clare
815:R v Byrne
621:(Anthony)
619:R v Brown
612:horseplay
453:Hawkins J
295:However,
2608:Evidence
2589:Property
2579:Contract
2541:Sedition
2445:Uttering
2347:Trespass
2322:Burglary
2220:Causing
2216:Nuisance
2013:Homicide
1976:Insanity
1921:Defences
1807:Mens rea
1128:Cr App R
918:See also
793:Archived
748:Haystead
667:Archived
647:Sentence
568:mens rea
541:mens rea
437:Mathew J
251:Cr App R
199:and the
129:(1803).
90:shooting
2603:estates
2466:Perjury
2461:Bribery
2435:Forgery
2327:Robbery
2285:of oath
2283:Perjury
2123:Treason
2093:Battery
2073:Robbery
1948:Consent
1907:Attempt
1763:Summary
1543:of the
858:Shannon
700:Stanley
604:Consent
599:Consent
433:Stephen
316:⁄
286:Crim LR
240:cuticle
70:Statute
52:battery
2599:Trusts
2179:Affray
2017:Murder
1933:Duress
1112:Cox CC
882:Abdile
864:Hurley
736:Bowley
504:said:
431:, and
232:injury
230:is an
175:Felony
158:years.
64:intent
2637:table
2594:Wills
2332:Theft
2307:Arson
1042:
1034:684;
1022:
926:(ABH)
846:Olawo
730:Smith
724:Cross
425:Wills
228:wound
221:Wound
215:Wound
2601:and
2584:Tort
2253:Rout
2169:Riot
2141:Rape
1611:The
1594:The
1581:The
1568:The
1555:The
1531:The
1518:The
1497:The
1480:The
1463:The
1450:The
1114:375.
1001:2019
975:The
852:Owen
840:Hall
236:skin
1132:CCA
894:In
888:Kee
614:".
526:In
523:).
495:In
408:In
390:In
360:In
357:".
349:In
335:In
44:GBH
2654::
2027:/
2023:/
2019:/
1839:/
1835:/
1440:HL
1412:CA
1382:HL
1204:HL
1179:HL
1108:LT
1104:54
1026:,
992:.
954:^
684:62
680:1
643:.
595:.
577:CA
532:CA
427:,
103:.
96:.
2031:)
2015:(
1731:e
1724:t
1717:v
1003:.
355:'
318:2
314:1
311:+
309:5
223:.
34:.
20:)
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