Capoeira - Knowledge (XXG)

418: 1146: 1344: 1220:, not coincidentally, is the quality, or constellation of qualities, that the ideal capoeirista should most evidence in his or her everyday life: a combination of wariness, quick wit, savvy, unpredictability, opportunism, playfulness, viciousness, and a talent for deception. The ability to fool, distract, and deceive the opponent is the key to success. The basic movement in capoeira, the ginga, is a constant fluid movement backward and forward, and a good capoeirista will use malícia in the ginga to deceive his opponent. 1002: 2538: 2480: 2219: 2267: 2168: 2426: 2372: 2321: 2507: 2243: 2192: 2569: 2453: 1608: 2345: 2399: 2294: 2138: 5194: 620:(literally: rocking back and forth; to swing) is the fundamental movement in capoeira, important both for attack and defense purposes. It has two main objectives. One is to keep the capoeirista in a state of constant motion, preventing them from being a still and easy target. The other, using also fakes and feints, is to mislead, fool or trick the opponent, leaving them open for an attack or a counter-attack. 6611: 6621: 1445:; where men reach their peak physical abilities, the ancestors reach their peak spirituality. Inhabitants of the ancestral realm are inverted compared to us, as viewed from our mirrored perspective. With this particular worldview, practitioners of African martial arts deliberately invert themselves upside down to emulate the ancestors, and to draw strength and power from the ancestral realm. 801: 756: 111: 399: 40: 1540:, sung before entering the capoeira circle, invokes the gods, adding a touch of mysticism to the ritual. Actions like touching the ground symbolize drawing signs in the dust, and gestures such as kissing hands, crossing oneself, and prayer are reminders of long-forgotten traditions, the Bantus' prayer for divine blessings, aid, and bravery in battle. 775:(games). Some scholars have interpreted capoeira as a way of concealing martial arts within dance movements. However, research from Angola suggests that the relationship between game, fight, and dance may be even deeper. These scholars propose that the ambivalence between these three elements is a fundamental aspect of the ancestral grammar shared by 604: 1836: 1918:, tied around the waist. Some masters use different systems, or even no system at all. In a substantial number of groups (mainly of the Angola school) there is no visible ranking system. There can still be several ranks: student, treinel, professor, contra-mestre and mestre, but often no cordas (belts). 1900:

applies to any capoeira group who don't follow Regional or Angola styles, even the ones who mix capoeira with other martial arts. Some notable groups whose style cannot be described as either Angola or Regional but rather "a style of their own", include Senzala de Santos, Cordão de Ouro and Abada. In

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The capoeirista resorts to an endless number of tricks to confuse and distract his opponent. He pretends to step back but he returns quickly; jumps from side to side; lies down and gets up; advances and retreats; pretends not to see the opponent to deceive him; turns in all directions; and shrinks in

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format while others are in the form of a narrative. Capoeiristas sing about a wide variety of subjects. Some songs are about history or stories of famous capoeiristas. Other songs attempt to inspire players to play better. Some songs are about what is going on within the roda. Sometimes the songs are

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is actually both a trap and a test, as the caller is just watching to see if the opponent will let his guard down so she can perform a takedown or a strike. It is a critical situation, because both players are vulnerable due to the close proximity and potential for a surprise attack. It's also a tool

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It is a task, and a lonely one, to find and develop your own style, breaking with the “correct” way of playing that you learned from your teacher, who many times presents himself as “owner of the truth.” But this can be done after one has experience and an idea of what capoeira is … maybe

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or the transitional position called negativa) allows the capoeirista to quickly overcome a takedown or a loss of balance, and to position themselves around the aggressor to lay up for an attack. It is this combination of attacks, defense and mobility that gives capoeira its perceived "fluidity" and

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ABADÁ has a graduated cord system using colors that refer symbolically to nature and reflect the level of practice. The cord system does not so much reflect the practitioner's level of skill as much as their progress on their individual path as a member of the ABADÁ community. The cord system as

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Because of its origin, capoeira never had unity or a general agreement. Ranking or graduating system follows the same path, as there never existed a ranking system accepted by most of the masters. That means graduation style varies depending on the group's traditions. The most common modern system

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The base of capoeira regional is the original capoeira without many of the aspects that were impractical in a real fight, with less subterfuge and more objectivity. Training focuses mainly on attack, dodging and counter-attack, giving high importance to precision and discipline. Bimba also added a

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where new students will get recognized as capoeiristas and earn their first graduation. Also more experienced students may go up in rank, depending on their skills and capoeira culture. In Mestre Bimba's Capoeira Regional, batizado was the first time a new student would play capoeira following the

1673:. He emphasizes the following characteristics of contemporary capoeira Angola, namely: cunning, complementation (of the two players" movements), a low game, the absence of violence, beautiful movements (according to a "black aesthetic"), slow music and the importance of ritual and theatricality. 1387:

A major means of communication with the ancestors is music. Musical instruments play a pivotal role in bridging the realms of the living, the deceased, and the gods. This explains why African dances customarily commence by paying homage to the primary instrument, often through kneeling or bowing

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in capoeira has expanded over time to cunning, suspicion, alertness, readiness, flexibility, and adaptation. Basically, it is the capacity to understand someone's intentions and making use of this understanding to misdirect someone as to your next move. In the contemporary capoeira, this is done

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The attacks in the capoeira should be done when opportunity arises, and though they can be preceded by feints or pokes, they must be precise and decisive, like a direct kick to the head, face or a vital body part, or a strong takedown. Most capoeira attacks are made with the legs, like direct or

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Capoeira songs can talk about virtually anything, being it about a historical fact, a famous capoeirista, trivial life facts, hidden messages for players, anything. Improvisation is very important also, while singing a song the main singer can change the music's lyrics, telling something that's

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The berimbau is the leading instrument, determining the tempo and style of the music and game played. Two low-pitch berimbaus (called berra-boi and médio) form the base and a high-pitch berimbau (called viola) makes variations and improvisations. The other instruments must follow the berimbau's

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In this graduation the Capoeirista tries to develop their potential in order to concentrate and maintain ABADÁ's ideals. It is a phase of transformation, because the Mestre is preparing to obtain the highest graduation in ABADÁ's system. In order to achieve Grão-Mestre, it is necessary to make

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The ideal of capoeira Angola is to maintain capoeira as close to its roots as possible. Although Pastinha strove to preserve the original Angolan art, he nevertheless introduced significant changes to capoeira practice of his time. He forbid weapon and violent moves, prescribed uniforms, moved

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against a high-ranked capoeirista (such as a teacher or master) and normally the game ends with the student being taken down. In some cases the more experienced capoeirista can judge the takedown unnecessary. Following the batizado the new graduation, generally in the form of a cord, is given.

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that is historically focused on fighting when outnumbered or at a technological disadvantage. The style emphasizes using the lower body to kick, sweep and take down their aggressors, using the upper body to assist those movements and occasionally attack as well. It features a series of complex

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during the 1960s. This evolving style, which emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, drew from both Regional and Angola styles while maintaining its distinct characteristics. The majority of modern practitioners affirm to be neither Angola nor Regional, emphasizing that "there is only one capoeira".

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takes place after an exchange of movements has reached a conclusion, or after there has been a disruption in the harmony of the game. In either of these situations, one player will begin walking around the perimeter of the circle counter-clockwise, and the other player will join the

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is not only to feign, to pretend that you are going to deliver a certain blow and do something else, but a system of signs and signals. It is as if you were casting a spell or a charm in order to build a specific reality, a seductive reality, during the game and also outside the

1688:. When it comes to the color of the uniforms, there is a lack of uniformity within the style. Although mestre Pastinha at his academy required students to wear yellow and black jerseys, some of his successors have adopted white only uniforms within their schools. 736:). Upon graduating, pupils were given a red scarf which marked their specialty. This course was scarcely used, and was ceased after some time. A more common custom practised by Bimba and his students, however, was furtively handing a weapon to a player before a 786:. During the game most capoeira moves are used, but capoeiristas usually avoid punches or elbow strikes unless it's a very aggressive game. The game does not focus on knocking down or defeating opponents, but rather on body dialogue and highlighting skills. 1901:

the case of Cordão de Ouro, the style may be described as "Miudinho", a low and fast-paced game, while in Senzala de Santos the style may described simply as "Senzala de Santos", an elegant, playful combination of Angola and Regional.

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is being played. It happens when one player, usually the more advanced one, calls their opponent to a dance-like ritual. The opponent then approaches the caller and meets them to walk side by side. After it both resume normal play.

461:("playing angola") for this art. In formal documents, capoeira was known as "capoeiragem", with a practitioner being known as a "capoeira". Gradually, the art became known as capoeira with a practitioner being called a capoeirista. 244:, a rocking step, is usually the focal point of the technique. Though often said to be a martial art disguised as a dance, capoeira served not only as a form of self defense, but also as a way to maintain spirituality and culture. 643: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1592:

Determining styles in capoeira is difficult, since there was never a unity in the original capoeira, or a teaching method before the decade of 1920. However, a division between two styles and a sub-style is widely accepted.

2696:) is good. I learned capoeira being beaten up and I like a rough game, heavy game. Sometimes, when I receive a kick that breaks my mouth, my nose, I even like it because I am learning. Beating is important in capoeira. 897:(nickname). This tradition was created back when capoeira practice was considered a crime. To avoid having problems with the law, capoeiristas would present themselves in the capoeira community only by their nicknames. 1366:

terms. For the African slaves, capoeira was a social expression that incorporated all the basic African elements: circle, dance, music, rituals and symbols. It also contains all the ingredients of a game from the

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positions and body postures that are meant to get chained in an uninterrupted flow, to strike, dodge and move without breaking motion, conferring the style with a characteristic unpredictability and versatility.

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and capoeira game were kept, being used to put into use what was learned during training. The disposition of musical instruments, however, was changed, being made by a single berimbau and two pandeiros.

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The red cord symbolizes justice. At this level, the capoeirista acquires an understanding of responsibility; he or she is expected to strive for justice in conducting his work and making her decisions.

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kick, ironically named, reflects another form of malícia. Slave owners would gather slaves in the morning, often on Sundays, to offer blessings, despite their mistreatment. In a deceptive twist,

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acknowledge the significance of capoeira in their training. The use of capoeira techniques in free-style competitions shows to what extent the art still provides essential fighting skills.

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is completely non-viable. This fighting strategy allows quick and unpredictable counterattacks, the ability to focus on more than one adversary and to face empty-handed an armed adversary.

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started bringing capoeira to the US and Europe, helping the art become internationally recognized and practiced. On 26 November 2014, capoeira was granted a special protected status as

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met his future student, José Cisnando Lima. Both believed that capoeira was losing its martial side and concluded there was a need to re-strengthen and structure it. Bimba created his

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soon became popular, finally changing capoeira's bad image. Mestre Bimba made many presentations of his new style, but the best known was the one made at 1953 to Brazilian president

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Mandinga is also a certain esthetic, where the game is expressive and sometimes theatrical, especially in the Angola style. An advanced capoeira player is sometimes referred to as a

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consists of deceiving the opponent into thinking that you are going to execute a certain move when in fact you are going to do something completely different. There is an example of

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Capoeira Angola is characterized by being strategic, with sneaking movements executed standing or near the floor depending on the situation to face, it values the traditions of

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can be very simple, consisting solely of the basic elements, or the ritual can be quite elaborate including a competitive dialogue of trickery, or even theatric embellishments.

4355: 1744:(specialist). After 1964, when a student completed a course, a special celebration ceremony occurred, ending with the teacher tying a silk scarf around the capoeirista's neck. 635:, which depend on the direction of the attack and intention of the defender, and can be done standing or with a hand leaning on the floor. A block should only be made when the 771:

encapsulates the overlapping meanings of game, dance, and tradition. This overlap is also found in Afro-Brazilian folklore, where many similar forms of expression are called

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carries profound symbolism. Dancing in a circle holds significance, representing protection and strength, symbolizing the bond with the spirit world, life, and the divine.

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Playing capoeira is both a game and a method of practicing the application of capoeira movements in simulated combat. It can be played anywhere, but it's usually done in a

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as its birthplace. Still, some authors believe there were more ancestors besides engolo. However, at the core of capoeira we find techniques developed in engolo, including

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It is known for its acrobatic and complex maneuvers, often involving hands on the ground and inverted kicks. It emphasizes flowing movements rather than fixed stances; the

1527:. Mandinga suggests an understanding of fundamental natural forces and their utilization through magic rituals to some extent. In the past, capoeiristas used protective 3810: 3487: 844:

decides to leave or call the end of the game, or when another capoeirista interrupts the game to start playing, either with one of the current players or with another

828:) is a circle formed by capoeiristas and capoeira musical instruments, where every participant sings the typical songs and claps their hands following the music. Two 1531:

and performed specific rituals to ensure their safety. Same players "do their mandinga" before the game by drawing magical symbols on the ground with their fingers.

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The purple cord signals that the capoeirista has begun to overcome the physical, psychological, and spiritual pain of learning capoeira and defending its ideals.

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in 1996. The most suitable context for combat-focused capoeira appears to be the ring, where predetermined fighting rules provide clarity. In the tradition of

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is a song where the singer part is much bigger than the chorus response, usually eight singer verses for one chorus response, but the proportion may vary. The

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theatrical play, seen in many capoeira performances. It is based on a traditional Brazilian legend involving the loss of a fisherman in a seafaring accident.

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armed fighting style, using two sticks or a machete. Nowadays it's a folkloric dance practiced with heavy Brazilian percussion. Many capoeira groups include

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This weapon training is almost completely absent in current capoeira teachings, but some groups still practice the use of razors for ceremonial usage in the

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can result in a highly developed sense of awareness and helps practitioners learn the subtleties of anticipating another person's hidden intentions. The

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represents the idea that, in the realm of the living everything is reversed from the realm of the ancestors. Where men walk on their feet, the spirits

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or knee strikes. Elbow strikes, punches and other forms of takedowns complete the main list. The head strike is a very important counter-attack move.

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Willson, Margaret (March 2001). "Designs of Deception: Concepts of Consciousness, Spirituality and Survival in Capoeira Angola in Salvador, Brazil".

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was developed. It was repeatedly outlawed and its performers persecuted, and it was declared totally illegal and banned in 1890. In the early 1930s,

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could be used to conceal those inside, or even to turn itself into a weapon by attaching a blade to its tip. The knife or razor was used in street

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is a song where the same verse is repeated four times, either three singer verses followed by one chorus response, or one verse and one response.

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The defense is based on the principle of non-resistance, meaning avoiding an attack using evasive moves instead of blocking it. Avoids are called

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before it. This practice of appeasement and seeking divine assistance from the gods is mirrored in the capoeira tradition of kneeling before the

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for experienced practitioners and masters of the art to test a student's awareness and demonstrate when the student left herself open to attack.

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Some magic elements in capoeira are clear and familiar, while others have become obscure over time. Folklorist Edison Carneiro noted that the

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and/or against openly hostile opponents, and would be drawn quickly to stab or slash. Other hiding places for the weapons included hats and

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Talmon-Chvaicer, M. (2004). Verbal and Non-Verbal Memory in Capoeira. Sport in Society, 7(1), 49–68. doi:10.1080/1461098042000220182

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Music is integral to capoeira. It sets the tempo and style of game that is to be played within the roda. Typically the music is formed by

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to make a living. In the 19th century, capoeira was quite similar to the type of urban person who was a constant source of trouble — the

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is a traditional Brazilian dance and musical form that has been associated with capoeira for many decades. The orchestra is composed by

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during the 19th century, used by gangs. In capoeira carioca, all available means were used, including various types of weapons, such as

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Obadele Bakari Kambon, Afrikan=Black Combat Forms Hidden in Plain Sight: Engolo/Capoeira, Knocking-and-Kicking and Asafo Flag Dancing

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There are many entities (leagues, federations and association) with their own graduation system. The most usual is the system of the

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Well, there is one thing that nobody doubts: the ones to teach capoeira to us were the negro slaves that were brought from Angola.

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or "specialization course", in which the pupils would be taught defenses against knives and guns, as well as the usage of knife,

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and play the game according to the style required by the musical rhythm. The game finishes when one of the musicians holding a

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One of the capoeira ritual is performing the "au" at the beginning of the game. This act symbolizes a profound transition in

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of the berimbau, which sets the game's speed, style and aggressiveness, it is truly the music that drives a capoeira game.

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is the ability to quickly understand an opponent's intentions, and during a fight or a game, fool, trick and deceive him.

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perspective: a means to train and prepare for life, providing the experience needed to strengthen the body and the soul.

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every cultural aspect of capoeira is present, not only the martial side. Aerial acrobatics are common in a presentation

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The green cord signifies the consolidation of apprenticeship. It provides the base on which ABADÁ-Capoeira is built.

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is a song where the singer part and the chorus response are equal, normally two verses by two responses. Finally, the

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The "Diamond" is the hardest and most resilient mineral. It reflects all colors and all colors are united in white.

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is the first principle of capoeira and the embodiment of malice. The continuous, ceaseless bodily motion, known as

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style. Despite their significant differences, both mestres introduced major innovations — they moved training and

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and unpredictability of the original capoeira. The anthropologist Alejandro Frigerio defines capoeira Angola as

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for them to use it to attack their opponent on Bimba's sign, with the other player's duty being to disarm them.

384:("round"), referring to the areas of low vegetation in the Brazilian interior where fugitive slaves would hide. 6351: 5567: 5270: 5034: 3750: 1438: 1315:" means that when one tries to be too clever or smart, instead of confusing his opponent, he confuses himself. 536:, only the first of them arguably originates from Angolan art. That now extinct version of capoeira was called 2598:

Even though those activities are strongly associated with capoeira, they have different meanings and origins.

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often featured a fast and upright style, even though they might start with an Angola toque and a slower game.

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Spirituality in capoeira is shaped under the influence of various African beliefs. Some important concepts of

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Matthias Röhrig Assunção, Engolo and Capoeira. From Ethnic to Diasporic Combat Games in the Southern Atlantic

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and the subsequent mass arrests of capoeira gang members, this version of capoeira is generally extinct.

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Through most of its history in Brazil, capoeira commonly featured weapons and weapon training, given its

251:. The date of its creation is unknown, but it was first mentioned in a judicial document under the name C 6277: 5685: 5355: 5338: 5333: 5260: 5216: 5119: 4949: 1812:. The widespread violent capoeira practice in Rio led to a nationwide ban on capoeira. After the ban in 275:, gymnastics and sports. As a result, the government viewed capoeira as a socially acceptable sport. In 5973: 5089: 4531: 2537: 2479: 2218: 859:, while not seen as often in a more serious one. Takedowns, on the other hand, are common in a serious 6155: 5993: 5925: 5470: 5465: 5360: 5323: 5303: 5295: 5250: 5176: 5029: 4906: 2716: 1850: 1585: 1520: 1193: 651: 506: 493: 472:. According to the old capoeira mestres and tradition within the community, capoeira originates from 311: 182: 80: 5109: 4901: 4070:

Diaz, J. D. (2017). Between repetition and variation: A musical performance of malícia in capoeira.

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rhythm, free to vary and improvise a little, depending upon the capoeira group's musical style.

3922:, vol. 5, SAGE Publications, Inc, 2019, pp. 471–72, https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483317731.n142. 2758:

Capoeira fights have, on occasion, resulted in severe injuries and even fatalities, as seen in

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who once fell to the ground during a game, crying like a woman and begging for mercy. Mestre

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Traditionally, the batizado is the moment when the new practitioner gets or formalizes their

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The street capoeira in 19th-century Rio was very violent and far from the original art. This

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The brown cord represents the constant transformation that characterizes the group's style.

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Several capoeira fighters have gained national reputation, including Mestre King Kong from

2506: 1040:, but this format may vary depending on the capoeira group's traditions or the roda style. 6291: 5830: 5790: 5712: 5700: 5665: 5408: 5403: 5019: 4911: 4847: 4796: 4359: 2939: 2843: 2838: 2740: 2242: 2191: 1785: 1634: 1602: 1567: 1508: 1363: 1138: 1048: 986: 764: 674: 563: 552: 522: 481: 469: 465: 446: 291: 284: 280: 268: 5014: 4969: 3854: 3277: 1335:, which refer to different conceptions of energy, have become common among capoeiristas. 1239: 1177: 3303: 2568: 2452: 1607: 1234:, is the principle that creates deception or trickery, catching the opponent off guard. 6545: 6236: 6180: 6120: 6077: 6047: 5780: 5675: 5515: 5455: 5443: 5398: 5393: 5148: 5114: 5024: 5007: 4934: 4896: 4863: 4853: 4821: 4611: 3037:

Fighting for Honor: The History of African Martial Art Traditions in the Atlantic World

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into its musical ensemble. In contrast to Bimba's preference for quadras, these modern

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Assunção, M. R. (2002). Workers, vagrants, and tough guys in Bahia, c. 1860-1950. In

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The Hidden History of Capoeira: A Collision of Cultures in the Brazilian Battle Dance

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capoeira) is the traditional style of capoeira. However, it can refer to two things:

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would be a person who had the magic ability to avoid harm due to protection from the

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nature. Capoeiristas usually carried knives and bladed weapons with them, and the

259:, as "the gravest of crimes". In the 19th century, a street fighting style called 3592: 1180:

claimed that he teaches his students how to play capoeira, but they should learn

357:. Gradually, the art became known as capoeira with a practitioner being called a 6430: 6097: 6057: 6035: 6000: 5810: 5510: 5433: 5066: 2881: 2729: 1262: 1256: 800: 596: 529: 316: 220: 4396: 1925:(Brazilian Capoeira Confederation), which adopts ropes using the colors of the 6333: 6087: 6015: 5945: 5915: 5900: 5871: 5859: 5825: 5755: 5650: 5630: 5460: 4974: 4333:

Capoeira Beyond Brazil: From a Slave Tradition to an International Way of Life

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decisions with precision, honesty and above all with wisdom and impartiality.

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The blue cord indicates the apprentice's awareness of the immense path ahead.

1524: 1161: 733: 326: 287:, distinguishing it from reformed capoeira as the Brazilians' national sport. 228: 4707: 3664: 3637: 3439: 3190: 1247:

appears as a blessing but swiftly becomes an attack on the opponent's belly.

6588: 6583: 6573: 6533: 6528: 6463: 6458: 6418: 6413: 6356: 6338: 6140: 6052: 6020: 5978: 5968: 5930: 5805: 5770: 5760: 5660: 5619: 5597: 5450: 5388: 4021: 3221: 2911: 2787: 1857:

played important role in shaping the capoeira style that began to emerge in

1819:

The main reformators and proponents of this fighting-oriented capoeira were

755: 497: 489: 361:. In a narrower sense, capoeiragem meant a set of fighting skills. The term 349:("playing angola") for this art. In police documents, capoeira was known as 88: 84: 5605: 5181: 3152:

Capoeira: The Jogo de Angola from Luanda to Cyberspace, Volume Two, pp. 165

1047:

As the capoeiristas change their playing style significantly following the

398: 178: 3342:[The ABC of Capoeira Angola – The Manuscripts of Mestre Noronha]. 2257:

The orange cord reflects the awakening of the apprentice's consciousness.

1091:(master) or most respected capoeirista present. The solo is followed by a 993:, differ from very slow to very fast, depending on the style of the roda. 603: 39: 6082: 6010: 5958: 5640: 5587: 5549: 5537: 5413: 5155: 5061: 5051: 4997: 4841: 4836: 3783: 3308: 2629: 1886: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1677: 1536: 1396: 1390: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1010: 1006: 990: 872: 837: 721: 686: 678: 528:

was mix of five fighting techniques: foot kicks, head butts, hand blows,

365:(capoeira game) is used to describe the art in the performative context. 164: 3703: 3687: 3672: 3098:

Power in Practice: The Pragmatic Anthropology of Afro-Brazilian Capoeira

6558: 6513: 6448: 6398: 6125: 6110: 6105: 6005: 5963: 5865: 5820: 5765: 5625: 5582: 5532: 5056: 4830: 2779: 1805: 1173: 1017: 963:

in the opposite part of the roda, before returning to the normal game.

725: 272: 17: 1362:

Dr Maya Talmon-Chvaicer suggests that capoeira should be explained in

1064:

about life or love lost. Others have lighthearted and playful lyrics.

6568: 6553: 6523: 6508: 6476: 6453: 6438: 6408: 6393: 6366: 6072: 5848: 5800: 5750: 5725: 4791: 4222: 4220: 2934: 2783: 1619: 1559: 1528: 1478: 1461: 1416: 1412: 1087:

is a narrative solo sung only at the beginning of a roda, often by a

776: 713: 701: 515: 477: 473: 413:. Painting depicting an illegal capoeira-like game in Rio de Janeiro. 330: 299: 217: 168: 156: 146: 116: 3758: 642: 2728:), places a primary emphasis on combat. It is commonly observed in 6201: 5953: 5745: 5720: 5166: 5002: 2709: 1834: 1793: 1670: 1647: 1627: 1606: 1404: 1342: 1144: 1000: 799: 754: 655: 641: 602: 578: 544: 416: 397: 3964: 3962: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3651:

DOWNING, BEN (1996). "Jôgo Bonito: A Brief Anatomy of Capoeira".

3559: 2107:

outlined by Arte Capoeira Center – ABADÁ Capoeira is as follows.

1455:

Capoeira has been additionally shaped by the cosmic worldview of

6563: 6518: 6443: 6403: 5655: 5615: 5557: 5500: 5428: 4634:

Learning Capoeira: Lessons in Cunning from an Afro-Brazilian Art

1813: 1685: 1474: 1355: 982: 425: 410: 276: 256: 224: 76: 6222: 5283: 5212: 5208: 4748: 4739: 4734: 2103:

Many Capoeira schools use a system taken from Abadá-Capoeira.

1933:

is not widely accepted as the capoeira's main representative.

1849:

Capoeira flourished in the city of São Paulo since the 1960s.

1662: 368:

Although debated, the most widely accepted origin of the word

3340:"O ABC da Capoeira Angola – Os Manuscritos de Mestre Noronha" 3254:

Ring of Liberation: Deceptive Discourse in Brazilian Capoeira

283:

later founded his school where he cultivated the traditional

5840: 4744: 4673:

Capoeira and Candomblé: Conformity and Resistance in Brazil

4198: 3367: 3365: 2736:, and sometimes even in graduations within certain groups. 1503:

its aim is inconceivable even to the wisest of the mestres.

4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4444: 4442: 4440: 3235: 3233: 3231: 2636:

is considered one of the primitive forms of modern Samba.

3949: 3947: 3945: 3890:"Instruments of Capoeira: The Music That Drives Movement" 3388:

Choque: The Untold Story of Jiu-Jitsu in Brazil 1856–1949

1209:

in day-to-day life and in any type of struggle or combat.

3920:

The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Music and Culture

1702:

Capoeira Regional began to take form in the 1920s, when

1415:, where dance is intricately linked to song, music, and 2209:

The yellow cord signifies the value of apprenticeship.

1192:

good-naturedly, contrary to what the word may suggest.

4690:

Stephens, Neil; Delamont, Sara (2006). "Balancing the

4653:"Intracultural and Intercultural Dynamics of Capoeira" 4353:"I challenged all the tough guys" – Mestre Bimba, 1973 3877:

Capoeira: The history of an Afro-Brazilian martial art

3079:

Capoeira: The Jogo de Angola from Luanda to Cyberspace

2960:

Capoeira: The History of an Afro-Brazilian Martial Art

2724:

Combat capoeira, often referred to as rough capoeira (

1728:

also introduced the first ranking method in capoeira.

1289:(a rogue) and a criminal, expert in the use of kicks ( 646:

A capoeira movement (Aú Fechado) (click for animation)

3620:

Brazil today: an encyclopedia of life in the republic

2714:

Professor Barrãozinho from Axé Capoeira performing a

1765:

A Capoeira é o único esporte verdadeiramente nacional

1067:

There are four basic kinds of songs in capoeira, the

920:

While it may seem like a break time or a dance, the

6542: 6497: 6427: 6382: 6312: 6233: 6164: 6096: 6034: 5939: 5881: 5839: 5711: 5596: 5548: 5491: 5374: 5294: 5128: 5075: 4983: 4862: 4820: 4782: 3778: 3776: 247:Capoeira has been practiced among Black Brazilians 192: 174: 152: 142: 130: 122: 104: 94: 72: 56: 4610: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 3055: 1016:Capoeira instruments are disposed in a row called 4250:"O Fio Da Navalha", ESPN Brasil documentary, 2007 4074:, 26(1), 46–68. doi:10.1080/17411912.2017.1309297 908:means 'call' and can happen at any time during a 3784:"Capoeira: An Ancient Brazilian Fitness Routine" 3618:Crocitti, John J.; Vallance, Monique M. (2012). 1403:African martial arts naturally take the form of 4419: 4226: 4149: 4095: 4046: 3980: 3968: 3936: 3290: 3081:. Vol. 2. Berkeley, CA: Blue Snake Books. 2690: 1767:" (Capoeira is the only truly national sport). 1633:the contemporary style of capoeira codified by 1577: 1491: 1215: 1198: 1126: 581:and presented capoeira to a broader audiences. 439: 4323:(London: Psychology/Routledge, 2005), 133–35. 4321:Capoeira: A History of a Brazilian Martial Art 3446:. February 1967 – via velhosmestres.com. 1929:, green, yellow, blue and white. However, the 1714:, as capoeira was still illegal at that time. 1630:capoeira prior to codification in 20th century 5224: 4760: 1853:was prominent figure throughout this period. 1808:. Capoeira from this period is also known as 989:), controlled by a typical instrument called 453:In the past, some participants used the name 341:In the past, many participants used the name 8: 4386:Campos, Hellio (2009), "Capoeira Regional", 4335:(Berkeley CA: Blue Snake Books, 2008), 6–8. 4004:Contemporary Latin American cultural studies 3001:. Translated by Ladd, Alex. North Atlantic. 1676:Unlike many other capoeira groups that play 877:The batizado (lit. baptism) is a ceremonial 32: 4532:"CBC - CONFEDERAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE CAPOEIRA" 4388:Capoeira Regional: A escola de Mestre Bimba 3483: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3471:, Albano Neves e Sousa. Angola: Ed. Luanda. 3440:"It's a fight, it's a dance, it's Capoeira" 3434: 3432: 3256:. London: The University of Chicago Press. 3141:O 'Chausson/Savate' influenciou a capoeira? 650:A series of rolls and acrobatics (like the 6230: 6219: 5291: 5280: 5231: 5217: 5209: 4767: 4753: 4745: 3820:. Vianna Neto & Eurico Lopez Baretto. 3751:"Capoeira – The Martial Arts Encyclopedia" 3688:"Jôgo Bonito: A Brief Anatomy of Capoeira" 3333: 3331: 2567: 2536: 2505: 2478: 2451: 2424: 2397: 2370: 2343: 2319: 2292: 2265: 2241: 2217: 2190: 2166: 2136: 1184:for themselves since it cannot be taught. 135: 4395: 4137: 4122: 4120: 3879:(pp. 93–124). Taylor & Francis Group. 3546: 3522: 3498: 3371: 3239: 3175:Murphy, Sam; Pyrah, Sam (17 March 2007). 1156:The basic term of capoeira philosophy is 692:Mestre Bimba included in his teachings a 4609:Almeida, Bira "Mestre Acordeon" (1986). 4592: 4474:"Capoeira Ranking- Capoeira Cord System" 4460: 4448: 4431: 4295: 4283: 4271: 4259: 4211: 4185: 4173: 4161: 4058: 4034: 3953: 3729:ReVista: Harvard Review of Latin America 3586: 3584: 3534: 3510: 3456: 3423: 3162: 3128: 2114: 1996:(Trainee) - Yellow/Green/Blue/Light Grey 1865:This new capoeira incorporated not only 1301:), as well in the use of blade weapons. 624:swirling kicks, rasteiras (leg sweeps), 577:, prescribed uniforms, started to teach 290:In the late 1970s, trailblazers such as 4002:Stephen M. Hart; Richard Young (2003). 3594:Capoeira: Roots of the Dance-Fight-Game 3121: 2980:Capoeira: Roots of the Dance-Fight-Game 2632:, accompanied by singing and clapping. 1982:(Intermediary) - Green/YellowLight Grey 1937:Brazilian Capoeira Confederation system 1718:few moves from other arts, notably the 1642:training away from the street into the 1580:after ten or fifteen years of practice. 607:Simple animation depicting part of the 4730:List of fundamental capoeira movements 4694:Embodied Ethnographic Understanding". 4373: 4307: 4238: 4083: 3575: 3382: 3380: 3304:"Brazil's capoeira gets Unesco status" 3177:"All you need to know about: capoeira" 3039:. University of South Carolina Press. 2705:Nanico, the boxer and capoeira teacher 1944: 1020:. It is traditionally formed by three 329:, both of which likely originate from 31: 4526: 4524: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3469:Da minha África e do Brasil que eu vi 3316:from the original on 29 November 2014 1348:Divination Ceremony and Dance, Brazil 823: 573:away from the street, instituted the 480:as an ancestral art and locating the 211: 7: 4006:. London: Arnold. pp. 285–286. 3827:from the original on 21 January 2021 3811:"Capoeira and Transnational Culture" 3197:from the original on 2 October 2014. 1788:version of capoeira that existed in 2612:Performed by many capoeira groups, 1931:Confederação Brasileira de Capoeira 1923:Confederação Brasileira de Capoeira 353:, with a practitioner being called 4617:. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books. 2957:Assunção, Matthias Röhrig (2002). 1989:(Advanced) - Green/Blue/Light Grey 1763:, where the president would say: " 1111:happening in or outside the roda. 863:but rarely seen in presentations. 25: 6151:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program 4331:, 9780714650319; Aniefre Essien, 3350:from the original on 20 July 2013 1945:Children's system (3 to 14 years) 1005:A capoeira bateria showing three 595:Capoeira is a fast and versatile 227:that includes elements of dance, 6619: 6609: 6116:Historical European martial arts 5193: 5192: 3096:Varela, Sergio González (2017). 1059:Many of the songs are sung in a 109: 38: 6620: 3896:. 21 April 2022. Archived from 3338:Milani, Luciano (16 May 2006). 2811:Category:Capoeira practitioners 2066:(Graduated) - Yellow/Green/Blue 1968:(Graduated) - Yellow/Light Grey 1519:, which can be translated as a 1500:Its principles have no method, 1196:explicated malícia as follows: 840:determines it, when one of the 504:, evasions and even the iconic 4613:Capoeira: A Brazilian Art Form 4557:"Capoeira (General Knowledge)" 3054:Talmon-Chvaicer, Maya (2008). 464:Capoeira first appeared among 126:Unknown, first mention in 1789 1: 6676:African diaspora martial arts 3210:Anthropology of Consciousness 3062:. University of Texas Press. 3035:Desch-Obi, Thomas J. (2008). 1961:(Baptized) - Green/Light Grey 1311:A popular Brazilian saying, " 540:(meaning of Rio de Janeiro). 271:and incorporated elements of 4675:. Princeton: Markus Wiener. 3686:Downing, Ben (Autumn 1996). 2654:is believed to have been an 2359:The Forest—the world’s lungs 1566:originates from the name of 1313:Malandro demais se atrapalha 309:similar to capoeira include 296:intangible cultural heritage 45:Capoeira or the Dance of War 4636:. Oxford University Press. 3346:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2930:Capoeira in popular culture 2871:Norival Moreira de Oliveira 2080:(Instructor) - White/Yellow 1910:uses colored ropes, called 591:List of capoeira techniques 543:Modern capoeira comes from 6692: 4397:10.7476/9788523217273.0007 4390:, EDUFBA, pp. 62–69, 4319:Matthias Röhrig Assunção, 3918:Harte, Colin. “Capoeira.” 2808: 2669: 2643: 2605: 1774: 1695: 1600: 1426: 1266:is a word that comes from 1254: 1129:a cunning and bewildering 970: 870: 793: 666: 588: 391: 27:Afro-Brazilian martial art 6605: 6229: 6218: 5290: 5279: 5246: 5190: 3847:"The History of Capoeira" 3591:Capoeira, Nestor (2012). 3278:"Histoire de la capoeira" 3252:Lewis, J. Lowell (1992). 3016:Capoeira, Nestor (2007). 2997:Capoeira, Nestor (2003). 2978:Capoeira, Nestor (2002). 2907:Lateef Crowder dos Santos 1975:(Adept) - Blue/Light Grey 1885:typically commenced with 1515:Capoeira holds a core of 1213:Gregory Downey explains: 659:choreography-like style. 209:Portuguese pronunciation: 51:, 1825, published in 1835 37: 4708:10.1177/1077800405284370 3597:. North Atlantic Books. 3400:"Definition of CAPOEIRA" 3018:The Little Capoeira Book 2999:The Little Capoeira Book 2732:competitions and street 2720:against Keegan Marshall. 2662:in their presentations. 1285:, the capoeirista was a 6348:Former official sports 5776:Northern Praying Mantis 5351:Mainland Southeast Asia 4671:Merrell, Floyd (2005). 4651:Mason, Paul H. (2013). 4363:capoeira-connection.com 3622:. Bloomsbury Academic. 3222:10.1525/ac.2001.12.1.19 3077:Taylor, Gerard (2007). 2865:João Pereira dos Santos 2809:For full the list, see 2687:Combat capoeira and MMA 2628:(high pitch berimbau), 2126:Basic Responsibilities 2111:Adult Graduation System 2099:ABADÁ - Capoeira system 2073:(Monitor) - White/Green 2052:(Trainee) - Yellow/Blue 2045:(Advanced) - Green/Blue 2001:Adult system (above 15) 1646:, and started to teach 1637:, based on an older one 1562:. Alternately the word 1547:, someone who embodies 1497:, desirous of freedom. 882:sound of the berimbau. 694:curso de especialização 6671:Afro-Brazilian culture 6651:Brazilian martial arts 6187:Professional wrestling 5854:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 4480:. 2015. Archived from 2721: 2708: 2177:(Natural-Yellow Cord) 2087:(Foreman) - White/Blue 2038:(Intermediary) - Green 1846: 1831:Capoeira Contemporânea 1612: 1590: 1554:The roots of the term 1513: 1359: 1222: 1211: 1153: 1143: 1013: 813: 763:In Bantu culture, the 760: 647: 611: 547:, and was codified by 451: 437: 414: 305:Martial arts from the 49:Johann Moritz Rugendas 6283:Demonstration sports 4632:Downey, Greg (2005). 4536:www.cbcapoeira.com.br 4072:Ethnomusicology Forum 2805:Notable practitioners 2713: 2544:Corda Vermelha-Branca 2486:Corda Marrom-Vermelha 2228:(Yellow-Orange Cord) 2225:Corda Amarela-Laranja 2151:natural cord student 2056: 2010:(Beginner) - No color 1954:(Beginner) - No color 1889:. The games in these 1845:The 1975 Capoeira Cup 1844: 1742:formado especializado 1611:Capoeira Angola roda. 1610: 1346: 1148: 1004: 803: 758: 645: 606: 420: 401: 213:[kapuˈe(j)ɾɐ] 136:notable practitioners 6543:Martial arts at the 6498:Martial arts at the 6428:Martial arts at the 6383:Martial arts at the 6363:Invitational sports 6313:Martial arts at the 6234:Martial arts at the 6156:Pencak Silat Harimau 5994:Pencak Silat Harimau 5926:Submission wrestling 5631:Luta Livre esportiva 5177:Knocking and kicking 5030:Meia lua de compasso 4504:"Angola High School" 4420:Talmon-Chvaicer 2008 4358:3 March 2016 at the 4227:Talmon-Chvaicer 2008 4150:Talmon-Chvaicer 2008 4096:Talmon-Chvaicer 2008 4047:Talmon-Chvaicer 2008 3981:Talmon-Chvaicer 2008 3969:Talmon-Chvaicer 2008 3937:Talmon-Chvaicer 2008 3312:. 26 November 2014. 3291:Talmon-Chvaicer 2008 3020:. Blue Snake Books. 2982:. Blue Snake Books. 2717:meia-lua de compasso 2435:(Purple-Brown Cord) 2381:(Green-Purple Cord) 2024:(Graduated) - Yellow 1757:Luta Regional Baiana 1712:Luta Regional Baiana 1708:sequências de ensino 1281:In the 19th century 759:Capoeiristas outside 507:Meia lua de compasso 312:knocking and kicking 269:traditional capoeira 183:knocking and kicking 131:Famous practitioners 6224:International games 5906:Full contact karate 5896:Professional boxing 5611:Brazilian jiu-jitsu 4696:Qualitative Inquiry 4660:Global Ethnographic 4310:, pp. 233–235. 4229:, pp. 127–128. 4201:. 4 September 2023. 4098:, pp. 175–176. 3818:Griffith University 3525:, pp. 219–224. 3501:, pp. 206–207. 3404:merriam-webster.com 2925:History of capoeira 2276:(Orange-Blue Cord) 2057:Instructors' system 1896:Nowadays the label 1443:walk on their hands 1009:a reco- reco and a 885:Students enter the 468:, during the early 394:History of capoeira 34: 6386:Pan American Games 6063:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu 5974:Jieitaikakutōjutsu 5911:Mixed martial arts 5136:In popular culture 5042:Meia lua de frente 4478:Capoeira-World.com 3790:. 10 November 2016 3725:""Axé, Capoeira!"" 3562:. 7 November 2023. 3386:Roberto Pedreira, 3100:. Berghahn Books. 2795:mixed martial arts 2722: 2594:Related activities 2330:(Blue-Green Cord) 2273:Corda Laranja-Azul 2174:Corda Crua-Amarela 2017:(Baptized) - Green 1855:Mestre Canjiquinha 1847: 1747:The traditions of 1732:had three levels: 1684:always train with 1616:Capoeira de Angola 1613: 1493:Capoeira is slave 1450:Kongolese religion 1423:Inverted worldview 1360: 1297:) and head-butts ( 1154: 1014: 814: 804:Capoeiristas in a 761: 648: 612: 466:Africans in Brazil 438: 415: 235:and spirituality. 6666:Culture of Brazil 6661:Theatrical combat 6633: 6632: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6214: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6177:Martial arts film 5206: 5205: 4907:Camafeu de Oxóssi 4682:978-1-55876-349-4 4624:978-0-938190-30-1 3731:. 25 January 2021 3629:978-0-313-34672-9 3604:978-1-58394-637-4 3069:978-0-292-71723-7 3046:978-1-57003-718-4 3008:978-1-55643-440-2 2989:978-1-58394-637-4 2970:978-0-7146-8086-6 2887:Junior dos Santos 2848:Mestre Gato Preto 2829:Mestre Sinhozinho 2824:Anibal Burlamaqui 2692:I think beating ( 2591: 2590: 2547:(Red-White Cord) 2489:(Brown-Red Cord) 2432:Corda Roxa-Marrom 1842: 1821:Mestre Sinhozinho 1726:Capoeira Regional 1698:Capoeira Regional 1692:Capoeira Regional 1667:capoeira Regional 1477:(the Warrior) or 1352:Zacharias Wagener 1270:, a man who used 1164:). One aspect of 1061:call and response 912:where the rhythm 459:brincar de angola 347:brincar de angola 202: 201: 123:Date of formation 105:Country of origin 16:(Redirected from 6683: 6623: 6622: 6613: 6231: 6220: 5292: 5281: 5233: 5226: 5219: 5210: 5196: 5195: 4769: 4762: 4755: 4746: 4735:Capoeira history 4719: 4686: 4667: 4657: 4647: 4628: 4616: 4596: 4590: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4561:Capoeira Mata Um 4553: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4528: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4435: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4399: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4350: 4344: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4299: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4224: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4124: 4115: 4112: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4025: 3999: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3957: 3951: 3940: 3934: 3923: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3886: 3880: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3853:. Archived from 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3826: 3815: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3780: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3761:on 10 April 2018 3757:. Archived from 3747: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3692:Southwest Review 3683: 3677: 3676: 3653:Southwest Review 3648: 3642: 3641: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3588: 3579: 3573: 3564: 3563: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3485: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3436: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3375: 3369: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3335: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3226: 3225: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3172: 3166: 3160: 3154: 3149: 3143: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3111: 3092: 3073: 3061: 3050: 3031: 3012: 2993: 2974: 2945:Capoeira carioca 2819:Besouro Mangangá 2751:, and King from 2706: 2700:is not violence. 2646:Maculelê (dance) 2571: 2540: 2509: 2482: 2455: 2428: 2401: 2378:Corda Verde-Roxa 2374: 2347: 2327:Corda Azul-Verde 2323: 2296: 2269: 2245: 2221: 2194: 2170: 2140: 2115: 2094:(Master) - White 1843: 1782:Capoeira carioca 1777:Capoeira carioca 1771:Capoeira carioca 1740:(graduated) and 1588: 1511: 1141: 949:around the world 827: 796:Roda (formation) 669:Capoeira carioca 538:capoeira carioca 449: 403:Negroes fighting 363:jogo de capoeira 307:African diaspora 261:capoeira carioca 215: 210: 115: 113: 112: 65:jogo de capoeira 42: 35: 21: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6680: 6636: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6593: 6544: 6538: 6499: 6493: 6429: 6423: 6384: 6378: 6314: 6308: 6237:Summer Olympics 6235: 6225: 6206: 6160: 6092: 6030: 5944: 5935: 5886: 5877: 5835: 5831:Yoshukai Karate 5791:Shaolin kung fu 5707: 5592: 5568:Practice weapon 5544: 5487: 5377: 5370: 5296:Regional origin 5286: 5275: 5242: 5237: 5207: 5202: 5186: 5124: 5120:Capoeira Brasil 5077: 5071: 5020:Chapa de costas 5015:Chapa de frente 4979: 4858: 4816: 4778: 4773: 4740:Capoeira lyrics 4726: 4689: 4683: 4670: 4655: 4650: 4644: 4631: 4625: 4608: 4605: 4603:Further reading 4600: 4599: 4591: 4576: 4566: 4564: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4540: 4538: 4530: 4529: 4522: 4512: 4510: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4487: 4485: 4472: 4471: 4467: 4459: 4455: 4447: 4438: 4430: 4426: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4360:Wayback Machine 4351: 4347: 4343:, 9781583942550 4318: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4294: 4290: 4282: 4278: 4270: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4241:, pp. 106. 4237: 4233: 4225: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4197: 4196: 4192: 4184: 4180: 4172: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4148: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4125: 4118: 4113: 4102: 4094: 4090: 4086:, pp. 102. 4082: 4078: 4069: 4065: 4057: 4053: 4045: 4041: 4033: 4029: 4014: 4001: 4000: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3967: 3960: 3952: 3943: 3935: 3926: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3874: 3870: 3860: 3858: 3857:on 7 March 2018 3851:Capoeira Brasil 3845: 3844: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3813: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3793: 3791: 3782: 3781: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3734: 3732: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3630: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3605: 3590: 3589: 3582: 3574: 3567: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3475: 3467: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3438: 3437: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3408: 3406: 3398: 3397: 3393: 3385: 3378: 3370: 3363: 3353: 3351: 3344:Portal Capoeira 3337: 3336: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3264: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3238: 3229: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3161: 3157: 3150: 3146: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3108: 3095: 3089: 3076: 3070: 3053: 3047: 3034: 3028: 3015: 3009: 2996: 2990: 2977: 2971: 2956: 2953: 2940:Capoeira Angola 2921: 2916: 2844:Mestre Waldemar 2839:Mestre Pastinha 2814: 2807: 2797:champions like 2793:Even Brazilian 2707: 2704: 2689: 2679:is a Brazilian 2674: 2668: 2650:Originally the 2648: 2642: 2610: 2604: 2596: 2147:(Natural Cord) 2113: 2101: 2059: 2003: 1947: 1939: 1907: 1851:Mestre Suassuna 1835: 1833: 1798:straight razors 1786:street fighting 1779: 1773: 1700: 1694: 1635:Mestre Pastinha 1605: 1603:Capoeira Angola 1599: 1597:Capoeira Angola 1589: 1586:Nestor Capoeira 1584: 1576: 1568:Mandinka people 1512: 1509:Mestre Pastinha 1507: 1490: 1431: 1425: 1341: 1321: 1259: 1253: 1194:Nestor Capoeira 1187:The meaning of 1150:Diário Nacional 1142: 1139:Mestre Pastinha 1137: 1125: 1117: 1057: 999: 975: 969: 942: 928:The use of the 903: 875: 869: 825:[ˈʁodɐ] 798: 792: 753: 675:street fighting 671: 665: 593: 587: 553:mestre Pastinha 523:street-fighting 470:colonial period 450: 447:Mestre Pastinha 445: 396: 390: 372:comes from the 339: 292:Mestre Acordeon 285:capoeira Angola 281:Mestre Pastinha 208: 197:forest clearing 185: 181: 110: 108: 67: 63: 52: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6689: 6687: 6679: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6638: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6627: 6617: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6550: 6548: 6546:European Games 6540: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6505: 6503: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6435: 6433: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6390: 6388: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6354: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6320: 6318: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6305: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6292:Pistol dueling 6289: 6281: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6241: 6239: 6227: 6226: 6223: 6216: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6174: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6121:Huiyen Lallong 6118: 6113: 6108: 6102: 6100: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6078:Shorinji Kempo 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6048:American Kenpo 6044: 6042: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5997: 5996: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5950: 5948: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5892: 5890: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5868: 5863: 5856: 5851: 5845: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5781:Russian boxing 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5717: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5613: 5608: 5602: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5554: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5540: 5535: 5528:Ranged weapons 5525: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5516:Stick-fighting 5513: 5511:Knife fighting 5503: 5497: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5479: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5448: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5382: 5380: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5300: 5298: 5288: 5287: 5285:Classification 5284: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5251:List of styles 5247: 5244: 5243: 5238: 5236: 5235: 5228: 5221: 5213: 5204: 5203: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5152: 5149:Jogo de dentro 5145: 5138: 5132: 5130: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5110:Cordão de Ouro 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5081: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5025:Rabo de arraia 5022: 5017: 5012: 5011: 5010: 5000: 4995: 4989: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4902:Cobrinha Verde 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4868: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4826: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4788: 4786: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4764: 4757: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4725: 4724:External links 4722: 4721: 4720: 4702:(2): 316–339. 4687: 4681: 4668: 4648: 4643:978-0195176988 4642: 4629: 4623: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4595:, p. 195. 4574: 4548: 4520: 4495: 4484:on 28 May 2019 4465: 4463:, p. 199. 4453: 4451:, p. 194. 4436: 4434:, p. 227. 4424: 4412: 4406: 4378: 4376:, p. 234. 4366: 4345: 4312: 4300: 4298:, p. 201. 4288: 4286:, p. 198. 4276: 4274:, p. 164. 4264: 4262:, p. 226. 4252: 4243: 4231: 4216: 4204: 4190: 4188:, p. 108. 4178: 4166: 4154: 4152:, p. 144. 4142: 4138:Desch-Obi 2008 4130: 4116: 4100: 4088: 4076: 4063: 4051: 4049:, p. 169. 4039: 4027: 4012: 3985: 3983:, p. 172. 3973: 3971:, p. 167. 3958: 3941: 3939:, p. 166. 3924: 3911: 3900:on 25 May 2022 3881: 3868: 3838: 3809:Neto, Vianna. 3801: 3772: 3742: 3716: 3678: 3659:(4): 545–562. 3643: 3628: 3610: 3603: 3580: 3565: 3551: 3549:, p. 209. 3547:Desch-Obi 2008 3539: 3527: 3523:Desch-Obi 2008 3515: 3503: 3499:Desch-Obi 2008 3491: 3473: 3461: 3459:, p. 156. 3449: 3428: 3416: 3391: 3376: 3374:, p. 154. 3372:Desch-Obi 2008 3361: 3327: 3295: 3293:, p. 178. 3283: 3269: 3262: 3244: 3242:, p. 163. 3240:Desch-Obi 2008 3227: 3200: 3167: 3155: 3144: 3133: 3131:, pp. 55. 3120: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3106: 3093: 3087: 3074: 3068: 3051: 3045: 3032: 3026: 3013: 3007: 2994: 2988: 2975: 2969: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2902:Anderson Silva 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2878: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2853:Cobrinha Verde 2849: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2815: 2806: 2803: 2753:Rio de Janeiro 2702: 2688: 2685: 2677:Puxada de Rede 2672:Puxada de rede 2670:Main article: 2667: 2666:Puxada de rede 2664: 2644:Main article: 2641: 2638: 2626:berimbau-viola 2606:Main article: 2603: 2600: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2580: 2572: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2552:transformation 2549: 2541: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2518: 2513:Corda Vermelha 2510: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2494:transformation 2491: 2483: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2464: 2456: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2440:transformation 2437: 2429: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2410: 2408:(Purple Cord) 2402: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2386:transformation 2383: 2375: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2356: 2348: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2335:transformation 2332: 2324: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2305: 2297: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281:transformation 2278: 2270: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2251: 2246: 2239: 2236: 2235: 2233:transformation 2230: 2222: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2203: 2201:(Yellow Cord) 2195: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2182:transformation 2179: 2171: 2164: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2141: 2134: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2112: 2109: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2095: 2088: 2081: 2074: 2067: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2053: 2046: 2039: 2032: 2031:(Adept) - Blue 2025: 2018: 2011: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1983: 1976: 1969: 1962: 1955: 1946: 1943: 1938: 1935: 1927:Brazilian flag 1906: 1903: 1832: 1829: 1790:Rio de Janeiro 1775:Main article: 1772: 1769: 1761:Getúlio Vargas 1696:Main article: 1693: 1690: 1639: 1638: 1631: 1601:Main article: 1598: 1595: 1582: 1575: 1572: 1505: 1489: 1483: 1481:(the Hunter). 1435:Bantu religion 1427:Main article: 1424: 1421: 1340: 1337: 1320: 1317: 1283:Rio de Janeiro 1255:Main article: 1252: 1249: 1135: 1124: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1056: 1053: 998: 995: 973:Capoeira music 971:Main article: 968: 965: 961:volta ao mundo 956:volta ao mundo 945:Volta ao mundo 941: 940:Volta ao mundo 938: 902: 899: 871:Main article: 868: 865: 794:Main article: 791: 788: 779:and capoeira. 752: 749: 712:(double-edged 698:straight razor 667:Main article: 664: 661: 586: 583: 534:stick-fighting 486:crescent kicks 443: 407:Augustus Earle 392:Main article: 389: 386: 338: 335: 200: 199: 194: 190: 189: 176: 172: 171: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 132: 128: 127: 124: 120: 119: 106: 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 74: 70: 69: 61:jogo de angola 58: 54: 53: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6688: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6626: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6607: 6604: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6541: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6501:African Games 6496: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6426: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6381: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6311: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6232: 6228: 6221: 6217: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6172:Fighting game 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165:Entertainment 6163: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6136:Krabi–krabong 6134: 6132: 6131:Kalaripayattu 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5942: 5938: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5921:Shootfighting 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5888:combat sports 5884: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5816:Tien Shan Pai 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5741:Choi Kwang-Do 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5578:Pushing hands 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5526: 5522: 5521:Swordsmanship 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5507: 5506:Melee weapons 5504: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5484: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5453: 5452: 5449: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5373: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5282: 5278: 5272: 5271:Hard and soft 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5245: 5241: 5234: 5229: 5227: 5222: 5220: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5201: 5200: 5189: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4770: 4765: 4763: 4758: 4756: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4615: 4614: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4594: 4593:Assunção 2002 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4575: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4537: 4533: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4509: 4505: 4499: 4496: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4469: 4466: 4462: 4461:Assunção 2002 4457: 4454: 4450: 4449:Assunção 2002 4445: 4443: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4432:Capoeira 2002 4428: 4425: 4422:, p. 87. 4421: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4407:9788523217273 4403: 4398: 4393: 4389: 4382: 4379: 4375: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4357: 4354: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4296:Assunção 2002 4292: 4289: 4285: 4284:Assunção 2002 4280: 4277: 4273: 4272:Assunção 2002 4268: 4265: 4261: 4260:Capoeira 2002 4256: 4253: 4247: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4232: 4228: 4223: 4221: 4217: 4214:, p. 78. 4213: 4212:Capoeira 2002 4208: 4205: 4200: 4194: 4191: 4187: 4186:Capoeira 2002 4182: 4179: 4176:, p. 61. 4175: 4174:Capoeira 2002 4170: 4167: 4164:, p. 19. 4163: 4162:Capoeira 2002 4158: 4155: 4151: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4123: 4121: 4117: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4064: 4061:, p. 11. 4060: 4059:Capoeira 2007 4055: 4052: 4048: 4043: 4040: 4037:, p. 49. 4036: 4035:Capoeira 2002 4031: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4013:0-340-80821-7 4009: 4005: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3974: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3956:, p. 33. 3955: 3954:Capoeira 2007 3950: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3912: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3878: 3872: 3869: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3842: 3839: 3823: 3819: 3812: 3805: 3802: 3789: 3788:Women Fitness 3785: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3760: 3756: 3755:bullshido.org 3752: 3746: 3743: 3730: 3726: 3720: 3717: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3679: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3611: 3606: 3600: 3596: 3595: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3540: 3537:, p. 83. 3536: 3535:Assunção 2002 3531: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3516: 3513:, p. 53. 3512: 3511:Assunção 2002 3507: 3504: 3500: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3457:Assunção 2002 3453: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3433: 3429: 3426:, p. 98. 3425: 3424:Assunção 2002 3420: 3417: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3315: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3284: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3265: 3263:0-226-47682-0 3259: 3255: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3204: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3171: 3168: 3165:, p. 97. 3164: 3163:Assunção 2002 3159: 3156: 3153: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3129:Assunção 2002 3125: 3122: 3115: 3109: 3107:9781785336355 3103: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3088:9781583941836 3084: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3060: 3059: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3027:9781583941980 3023: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2963:. Routledge. 2962: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2897:Mark Dacascos 2895: 2893: 2892:Wesley Snipes 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2877: 2876:Mestre Moraes 2874: 2872: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2776:Arthur Emídio 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2745:Mestre Maurão 2742: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2726:capoeira dura 2719: 2718: 2712: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2634:Samba de roda 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2614:samba de roda 2609: 2608:Samba de roda 2602:Samba de roda 2601: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2578:(White Cord) 2576: 2573: 2570: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2477: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2467:The Chameleon 2465: 2463: 2462:(Brown Cord) 2460: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2367: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2354:(Green Cord) 2352: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2340: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2249:Corda Laranja 2247: 2244: 2240: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2216: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2198:Corda Amarela 2196: 2193: 2189: 2187: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2037: 2036:Intermediário 2033: 2030: 2026: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1980:Intermediário 1977: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1898:Contemporânea 1894: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1721: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1699: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1636: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1609: 1604: 1596: 1594: 1587: 1581: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1539: 1538: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1510: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1430: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1392: 1385: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1370: 1365: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1339:Bantu culture 1338: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1304:In capoeira, 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1272:street smarts 1269: 1265: 1264: 1258: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1241: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1221: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1203: 1197: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1151: 1147: 1140: 1134: 1132: 1122: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1062: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1012: 1008: 1003: 996: 994: 992: 988: 984: 980: 974: 966: 964: 962: 957: 952: 950: 946: 939: 937: 935: 931: 926: 923: 918: 915: 911: 907: 900: 898: 896: 891: 888: 883: 880: 874: 866: 864: 862: 858: 854: 849: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 826: 821: 820: 811: 807: 802: 797: 789: 787: 785: 780: 778: 774: 770: 766: 757: 750: 748: 746: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 690: 688: 684: 680: 676: 670: 662: 660: 657: 653: 644: 640: 638: 634: 629: 627: 621: 619: 618: 610: 605: 601: 598: 592: 584: 582: 580: 576: 572: 571: 566: 565: 560: 559: 554: 550: 546: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 524: 519: 517: 513: 512:scorpion kick 509: 508: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 482:Cunene region 479: 475: 471: 467: 462: 460: 456: 448: 442: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 412: 408: 404: 400: 395: 387: 385: 383: 379: 375: 371: 366: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 336: 334: 332: 328: 324: 323: 318: 314: 313: 308: 303: 301: 297: 293: 288: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 249:for centuries 245: 243: 242: 236: 234: 230: 226: 222: 219: 214: 206: 198: 195: 191: 188: 184: 180: 177: 173: 170: 166: 162: 158: 155: 153:Ancestor arts 151: 148: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 118: 107: 103: 100: 97: 93: 90: 86: 82: 78: 75: 71: 66: 62: 59: 57:Also known as 55: 50: 46: 41: 36: 30: 19: 6482:Pencak silat 6192:Stage combat 6146:Mardani khel 6068:Jeet Kune Do 6026:Silat Melayu 5989:Pencak silat 5941:Self-defense 5883:Full contact 5870: 5858: 5796:Shoot boxing 5736:Chess boxing 5730: 5636:Malla-yuddha 5573:Punching bag 5563:Boxing glove 5420:Leg strikes 5399:Elbow strike 5385:Arm strikes 5240:Martial arts 5197: 5154: 5147: 5140: 4970:Pé de Chumbo 4955:Jelon Vieira 4917:João Pequeno 4846: 4829: 4812:Contemporary 4775: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4672: 4663: 4659: 4633: 4612: 4565:. Retrieved 4560: 4551: 4539:. Retrieved 4535: 4511:. Retrieved 4507: 4498: 4486:. Retrieved 4482:the original 4477: 4468: 4456: 4427: 4415: 4387: 4381: 4369: 4362: 4348: 4332: 4320: 4315: 4303: 4291: 4279: 4267: 4255: 4246: 4234: 4207: 4193: 4181: 4169: 4157: 4145: 4140:, p. 3. 4133: 4091: 4079: 4071: 4066: 4054: 4042: 4030: 4003: 3976: 3919: 3914: 3902:. Retrieved 3898:the original 3893: 3884: 3876: 3871: 3859:. Retrieved 3855:the original 3850: 3841: 3829:. Retrieved 3817: 3804: 3792:. Retrieved 3787: 3763:. Retrieved 3759:the original 3754: 3745: 3733:. Retrieved 3728: 3719: 3707:. Retrieved 3695: 3691: 3681: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3619: 3613: 3593: 3554: 3542: 3530: 3518: 3506: 3494: 3468: 3464: 3452: 3443: 3419: 3407:. Retrieved 3403: 3394: 3387: 3352:. Retrieved 3343: 3320:23 September 3318:. Retrieved 3307: 3298: 3286: 3272: 3253: 3247: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3182:The Guardian 3180: 3170: 3158: 3147: 3136: 3124: 3097: 3078: 3057: 3036: 3017: 2998: 2979: 2959: 2834:Mestre Bimba 2792: 2757: 2738: 2733: 2725: 2723: 2715: 2697: 2693: 2691: 2676: 2675: 2659: 2651: 2649: 2633: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2611: 2597: 2585: 2582: 2577: 2575:Corda Branca 2574: 2562: 2554: 2551: 2546: 2543: 2531: 2523: 2520: 2515: 2512: 2500: 2493: 2488: 2485: 2469: 2466: 2461: 2459:Corda Marrom 2458: 2446: 2439: 2434: 2431: 2415: 2413:The Amethyst 2412: 2407: 2404: 2392: 2385: 2380: 2377: 2361: 2358: 2353: 2350: 2334: 2329: 2326: 2310: 2307: 2303:(Blue Cord) 2302: 2299: 2287: 2280: 2275: 2272: 2256: 2253: 2248: 2232: 2227: 2224: 2208: 2205: 2200: 2197: 2181: 2176: 2173: 2160: 2159: 2156: 2146: 2143: 2131: 2118:Title/Level 2105: 2102: 2091: 2090:19th stage: 2085:Contramestre 2084: 2083:18th stage: 2077: 2076:17th stage: 2070: 2069:16th stage: 2063: 2062:15th stage: 2049: 2048:14th stage: 2042: 2041:13th stage: 2035: 2034:12th stage: 2028: 2027:11th stage: 2021: 2020:10th stage: 2014: 2007: 1993: 1986: 1979: 1972: 1965: 1958: 1951: 1940: 1930: 1922: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1897: 1895: 1890: 1882: 1864: 1848: 1818: 1809: 1780: 1764: 1756: 1754: 1748: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1736:(freshman), 1733: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1704:Mestre Bimba 1701: 1681: 1675: 1658: 1654: 1652: 1643: 1640: 1626:the popular 1614: 1591: 1578: 1563: 1556:mandingueiro 1555: 1553: 1548: 1545:mandingueiro 1544: 1542: 1535: 1533: 1516: 1514: 1502: 1499: 1494: 1492: 1485: 1471:patron saint 1466: 1460: 1454: 1447: 1432: 1429:Kalunga line 1402: 1395: 1389: 1386: 1379: 1373: 1361: 1347: 1332: 1328: 1322: 1319:Spirituality 1312: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1280: 1275: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1231: 1225: 1223: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1206: 1201: 1199: 1188: 1186: 1181: 1178:João Pequeno 1169: 1165: 1157: 1155: 1149: 1130: 1127: 1120: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1066: 1058: 1046: 1042: 1015: 976: 960: 955: 953: 948: 944: 943: 933: 929: 927: 921: 919: 913: 909: 905: 904: 894: 892: 886: 884: 878: 876: 860: 856: 852: 850: 845: 842:capoeiristas 841: 833: 830:capoeiristas 829: 822:(pronounced 817: 815: 810:Porto Alegre 805: 783: 781: 773:brincadeiras 772: 768: 762: 744: 742: 737: 729: 717: 709: 693: 691: 682: 672: 649: 636: 632: 630: 622: 615: 613: 608: 594: 574: 568: 562: 556: 549:mestre Bimba 542: 537: 525: 520: 505: 463: 458: 457:or the term 454: 452: 440: 433: 422:San Salvador 421: 402: 381: 377: 369: 367: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 345:or the term 342: 340: 320: 310: 304: 289: 265:Mestre Bimba 252: 246: 239: 237: 204: 203: 187:breakdancing 175:Related arts 99:full-contact 79:, evasions, 64: 60: 44: 29: 6431:Asian Games 6316:World Games 6278:Greco-Roman 6098:Battlefield 6058:Chun Kuk Do 6001:Suffrajitsu 5811:Tang Soo Do 5686:Greco-Roman 5439:Knee strike 5356:Philippines 5078:foundations 4960:Cobra Mansa 4935:João Grande 4922:Canjiquinha 4374:Taylor 2007 4308:Taylor 2007 4239:Varela 2017 4084:Varela 2017 3894:LV Capoeira 3735:15 February 3709:16 February 3578:, p. . 3576:Taylor 2007 3354:18 November 2882:Cobra Mansa 2859:João Grande 2583:The Diamond 2516:(Red Cord) 2501:Mestrando/a 2447:Professor/a 2393:Instrutor/a 2351:Corda Verde 2123:Cord Color 2013:9th stage: 2006:8th stage: 1992:7th stage: 1985:6th stage: 1978:5th stage: 1971:4th stage: 1964:3rd stage: 1957:2nd stage: 1950:1st stage: 1825:Mestre Zuma 1810:capoeiragem 1659:malandragem 1523:, sorcery, 1394:during the 1374:Within the 1306:malandragem 1293:), sweeps ( 1263:Malandragem 1257:Malandragem 1251:Malandragem 997:Instruments 985:. Rhythms ( 979:instruments 846:capoeirista 597:martial art 530:knife fight 526:capoeiragem 436:in Brazil." 380:("forest") 359:capoeirista 351:capoeiragem 317:Sea Islands 221:martial art 163:, possibly 68:capoeiragem 6656:War dances 6640:Categories 6473:2018 Only 6334:Kickboxing 6088:Qwan Ki Do 6016:To-Shin Do 5946:combatives 5916:Pankration 5901:Kickboxing 5872:Xingyiquan 5860:Baguazhang 5826:Wudangquan 5756:Kickboxing 5651:Shuai jiao 5461:Joint lock 5378:techniques 5076:Groups and 4985:Techniques 4975:Amen Santo 4930:Leopoldina 4926:Gato Preto 4882:Sinhozinho 4563:(in Greek) 4513:25 October 4341:1583942556 4329:0714650315 4199:"Mandinga" 3831:14 January 3698:(4): 546. 3116:References 2951:Literature 2799:Marco Ruas 2768:Sinhozinho 2760:Petrópolis 2698:Pancadaria 2694:pancadaria 2656:indigenous 2405:Corda Roxa 2300:Corda Azul 2288:Graduado/a 2144:Corda Crua 2050:Estagiário 1994:Estagiário 1682:angoleiros 1525:witchcraft 1381:the circle 1327:, such as 1115:Philosophy 832:enter the 734:cane sword 730:tira-teima 652:cartwheels 589:See also: 585:Techniques 502:cartwheels 498:handstands 490:push kicks 327:Martinique 253:apoeiragem 229:acrobatics 143:Parenthood 89:acrobatics 85:handstands 6589:Wrestling 6584:Taekwondo 6534:Wrestling 6529:Taekwondo 6464:Wrestling 6459:Taekwondo 6419:Wrestling 6414:Taekwondo 6357:Taekwondo 6339:Muay Thai 6274:freestyle 6270:Wrestling 6265:Taekwondo 6141:Krav Maga 6053:Angampora 6021:Wing Chun 5979:Krav Maga 5969:Kajukenbo 5931:Vale Tudo 5806:Taekwondo 5771:Muay Thai 5761:Kun Khmer 5691:Mongolian 5681:freestyle 5661:Wrestling 5620:Para judo 5598:Grappling 5451:Grappling 5389:Chokehold 5319:Indonesia 5008:Aú batido 4716:143105472 4567:8 January 4508:U.S. News 3665:0038-4712 3638:810633190 3560:"Carioca" 3444:Realidade 3216:: 19–36. 3191:0261-3077 2912:Jose Aldo 2788:taekwondo 2749:São Paulo 2681:folkloric 2078:Instrutor 2008:Iniciante 1952:Iniciante 1887:ladainhas 1873:but also 1871:pandeiros 1867:berimbaus 1859:São Paulo 1665:, versus 1457:candomblé 1378:culture, 1369:Kongolese 1325:candomblé 1299:cabeçadas 1295:rasteiras 1030:atabaques 1026:pandeiros 1022:berimbaus 1007:berimbaus 812:, Brazil) 751:As a game 687:umbrellas 315:from the 267:reformed 218:Brazilian 81:takedowns 6646:Capoeira 6574:Muaythai 6324:Ju-jitsu 6197:Tricking 6181:Chanbara 6083:Unifight 6036:Eclectic 6011:Taekkyon 5959:Bartitsu 5841:Internal 5731:Capoeira 5713:Striking 5641:Pehlwani 5588:Sparring 5550:Training 5538:Shooting 5483:Stand-up 5471:Takedown 5424:Footwork 5414:Headbutt 5376:Unarmed 5261:Timeline 5199:Category 5172:Maculelê 5156:Batizado 5129:See also 5115:Candeias 5067:Headbutt 5062:Rasteira 5052:Queixada 5035:Scorpion 4998:Negativa 4945:Acordeon 4940:Suassuna 4912:Waldemar 4872:Pastinha 4842:Berimbau 4837:Atabaque 4807:Regional 4776:Capoeira 4692:Berimbau 4356:Archived 4022:52946422 3822:Archived 3704:43471791 3673:43471791 3348:Archived 3314:Archived 3309:BBC News 3195:Archived 2919:See also 2780:ju-jitsu 2741:Salvador 2703:— 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