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848:, which is famous for being the sanctuary of the Lord of Chalma, an apparition of a crucified black Christ. Its small population is almost entirely dedicated to meeting the needs of pilgrims who come throughout the year. According to legend, the Christ figure miraculously appeared at a cave where the pre-Hispanic local people used to worship a deity named Oxtoteotl. Pilgrimages to this Christian sanctuary follow many of the patterns of the old pagan rituals, including walking the narrow paths to the town itself, bathing in the waters of a special fresh-water spring and dancing at the sanctuary. Between Malinalco and Chalma there are large boulders, which according to legend, are people who have been turned to stone because they disobeyed this god. Near Chalma, because of the sanctuary, many famous people have bought ranches and other property. These include
1021:. This was a sanctuary for the Eagle Warriors for rites such as initiation. A thirteen-step staircase leading into this temple is flanked by side struts. and two feline sculptures that face the plaza in front. The Cuauhcalli consists of two rooms, one rectangular and the other circular, with an opening in the wall between the two. After being carved out of the rock, the walls and ceiling were covered in stucco and painted with murals, most of which are almost completely gone. In the upper part, the entrance is symbolized by the open jaws of a serpent, complete with fangs, eyes and a forked tongue, which was painted red. This upper portion is covered by a thatched roof of the grass the area is named for.
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There are also a number of fresh-water springs such as the San Miguel, Ateopa and
Cuatzonco, most of which are the source of potable water for the communities of the municipality. The climate is warm but not hot with rains mostly in the summer. The landscape is bright green in the summer and a golden color in the winter. Average temperatures vary between 20C in the higher elevations to 35C in the lower ones. The higher elevations mostly have mixed pine forests, with more tropical vegetation in the lowlands. Wildlife includes deer, various small mammals, a number of reptile species and birds.
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1129:. It contains seven halls dealing with the geography, mythology and history of Malinalco and temporary exhibitions. The permanent collection is divided into exhibitions on festivals, the rainy season, the geological strata of the area, the underworld, the dry season and the House of the Eagle Warriors. The last is a reproduction of the main building of the Cerro de los Idolos, which is closed to visitors. The garden is a replica of that of the Cuauhcalli, which is also not open to visitors. The university opened a Department of
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founder of the order and faces the convent. Each one is unique in some way, and each has its own feast day. Most of these are located south of the town center following Benito Juarez Street out of town. Chapels include those of Santa María, San Martín, San
Guillermo, San Pedro, San Andrés and the Virgin of Soledad. One to the north is the Chapel of San Juan, which has reliefs of Augustine friar Cristobal Romero. To the west is the Chapel of Santa Mónica, which has been quite altered in the last two centuries.
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UAEMEX. There are also many species of insects, crustaceans, birds, and edible mushrooms. There are very few dangerous animals, such as coral snakes, rattlesnakes, and scorpions. There are a number of myths that have demonized some animals like the scorpion vinagrillo or nana, the salamanquesca, a blue-tailed lizard, the Matip night and many others. The Living Museum "The
Malinalco Bugs" and the turtle camp Mali-Xanat display some of the local species.
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town, and prevented the town from becoming a “Pueblo Mágico.” Plans to rescue the river include reforestation around the river’s source, improving drainage systems in
Malinalco and other communities, eliminating liquid discharges into the river and better solid waste management in the municipality. A recycling facility has been built in Malinalco, in order to better handle the waste generated, sending less to the landfill.
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390:, which means place, which a translation of “where they worship the goddess Malinalxóchitl, the malinalli flower”. The name also refers to one of the time periods on the Aztec calendar, marked by the malinalli plant, according to the Quauhtinchan Annals. In Aztec and early colonial times, the area was represented by a number of glyphs, often with elements of the malinalli plant and/or a human skull to indicate sacrifice.
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history written in
Spanish, English and Nahuatl. The site contains six buildings. The Cuauhcalli or House of the Eagles, which dates from 1501, is the main building, which is significant in that it is carved out of the hill itself. The building is in the shape of a truncated pyramid, built this way due to the lack of space on the hill. The monolithic Cuauhcalli has been compared to the
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town. It is likely that these chapels started out as simple thatched roof structures. During the colonial period, a communal water supply system was developed, taking advantage of the natural water flows in the box canyon that surrounds the town. The
Jalmolonga Hacienda was one of the economic focuses of the area, which was part of the Rodriguez encomienda. Later, when the
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date back to the early post-Classic and the beginning of the late post-Classic. This was a time when many populations were on the move in the highlands of Mexico, with new peoples moving south from what is now northern Mexico. The first people to arrive were probably the
Culhuas, led by a chief named Cuauhtepexpetlatzin, after this group had already settled in the
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the towns of
Malinalco and Chalma. Sixty-three percent of the population makes its living through agriculture, livestock and trout-farming. A study done on peasant households in the municipality show that these families depend on multiple economic activities, including temporary migration to nearby cities or the United States.
992:, which rises 215 meters above the town. On its sides are a number of pre-Hispanic structures built on terraces built into the hill. The main structures are at the top. This is one of the most important Aztec sites and was discovered in 1933, and explored by José Garía Payón in 1935. The visible complex dates from the
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are considered to be works of art. For example, the chapel of San Juan has reliefs of
Augustinian monks and the head of the encomendero of Malinalco, Cristobàl Romero. All of the chapels in the town face west with the exception of the Chapel of Santa Mónica. This one is dedicated to the mother of the
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of the monastery maintains its original dimensions, and the courtyard is filled with medicinal and alimentary plants. Animals such as monkeys, iguanas and opossums can be found as well. From the courtyard lead remnants of the paths that led to processional chapels. At the south of the property, there
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or mezcal. Market day is
Wednesday, when vendors come into town from the outlying villages to sell. This market sells regional produce, traditional food and wood crafted in different forms such as animals and musical instruments. Malinalco was named a Pueblo con Encanto (Town with Charm) by the state
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and Aztecs, but little is known of the area’s pre-Aztec history. Remains of an earlier ceremonial center exist at the summit of the Cerro de los Idolos (Hill of the Idols), but this center and its associated residential zones have not been excavated. The first settlements in this part of Mexico State
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is a portmanteu combing the Spanish word "corral" with the Nahuatl word "te". The prefix "te" conveys a range of ideas including place as well as evoking an essence, related to the word "teotl." It is this latter word conveying the sacred embodiment of place that makes the tecorrales in Malinalco so
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who stayed and built the monastery from which evangelization would center. This monastery was originally called San Cristobál but later the named was changed to Divino Salvador. After the construction of the Temple of the Divino Salvador, neighborhood chapels were constructed in the various parts of
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but the site’s use as a ceremonial center appears to be much older. The sanctuary complex was built from the mid 15th century to the beginnings of the 16th. To get to the Cerro de los Idolos one must climb 426 stairs up 125 meters. Along the stairway leading to the site, there are signs with area’s
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then agriculture. However, agriculture is the most important economic activity, harvesting corn, flowers and rice. There is some livestock but very little industry. Trout farming is also an important economic activity. Commerce centers on the needs of the local population and tourism in the case of
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As municipal seat, the town of Malinalco is the governing authority over 54 other named communities, which covers an area of 186.28km2. The municipality, which shares its name with the seat, has a population of 22,970 of which only 6,523 live in the town of Malinalco. It has an average elevation of
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consists of the church, the 17th century ex-monastery, caves and lodgings on the ridges around the town. The lodgings are primarily used during feast days when the area is packed with pilgrims. A stucco gate marks the entrance to the sacred precinct. Here is a concrete plaza in front of the church
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sherbets. Two km to the south of the city center is the El Molino trout farm, where you can choose your fish and have it prepared to order. Between the town of Malinalco and Chalma is another large trout farm and may be the only one in the world where trout are raised in cold mountains water under
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was built between 1540 and 1560. This was an Augustine monastery, which was built to be the center of evangelization work in this area. It is located in the center of town and has a medieval look, with thick, coarse walls. The decoration is sober with square columns. The facade of the temple is a
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The state ways cross by Malinalco, the first connect with Chalma to Tenango del Valle, the second connect Malinalco with Tenancingo. There is other municipal ways, connect Chalma with Miacatlán, in the state of Morelos. In Chalma there is a Bus terminal with connections to Mexico City, Toluca and
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The San Miguel River is part of the Chalma-Malinalco sub-basin. It is an intermittent river and crosses the entire municipality, including the town itself. It has been used to dump trash so that the river produces disease, fetid odors and environmental damage. This has discouraged tourism to the
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and the Sierra Norte of the state of Morelos, Elevations are higher in the north with the highest being the Cerro de la Loma at approximating 2700 meters above sea level. The major river is the Chalma River, also called the Ocuilan River. Another river is the Colapa, which flows into the Chalma.
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as a result of the last round of modifications. The inscription on the portal of the church reads "Venid a mi todos los que estáis trabajados y cansados y yo os aliviaré" (Come to me all you who are working and tired and I will give you rest). The church is filled with a number of paintings and
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Malinalco is characterized by a number of unique architectural elements that are in response to its being located in a tight canyon. Chief amongst them are the many dry stack stone walls that are located throughout the town. Known as tecorrales these walls are widely recognized as a part of the
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While the design and architecture of Malinalco continues to employ many distinctive vernacular walls including adobe and rocks, the historical presence of the original tecorrals give the city a distinctive quality. Unfortunately, due to natural erosion as well as changing attitudes about their
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abandoned his sister Malinalxóchitl because she was practicing evil witchcraft. While she slept, he left her in the middle of the forest. When she woke, she was furious at having been abandoned by her brother. She gathered people loyal to her and marched off to settle in what is now Malinalco.
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Malinalco has some of the widest biodiversity in Mexico. Its tropical deciduous, pine, and gallery forests accommodate a huge variety of flora and fauna. Dozens of mammals such as civet, armadillos, foxes, coyotes, squirrels and deer are common. Jaguars may live in the region, according to the
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in 1861 against the conservatives, conservatives in the Malinalco area continued to fight for a while from the mountains. When the Reform Laws were applied against the Monastery of the Divino Salvador, it continued to operate as a monastery for a while, although the state owned the land and
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In addition to the Cerro de los Idolos, there are 35 archeological sites in the municipality including those found in Matlalac, Rincon de Techimalco, Rincon de San Miguel, Cerro Orquemil, Rincon del Pozo and others. These also include sites that contain cave paintings and
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Despite being in one of Mexico’s most populated regions, the municipality is still quite rural as it is located in an isolated valley, with farmland on the valley floor, and forests in the elevations. Most of the land in the municipality is used for forestry, followed by
363:. The complex was built on the Cerro de los Idolos (Hill of the Idols), over an older ceremonial site. The main attraction of this archeological site is the Cuauhcalli or House of Eagles, which is a building carved out of the side of the mountain.
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that hosts diverse classes for both children and adults as well as a popular green market on Saturdays. Under the auspices of El Tecorral Los Angeles based artist Nick Herman along with local artist Bernardo Orihuela have begun the process of
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hosts expositions of contemporary arts done by artists from Malinalco and other parts of the State of Mexico. This gallery is located in the Barrio de Santa Maria Norte and specializes in the exposition and sale of oil paintings and wood
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is located in the center of town in front of the Municipal Palace. It is decorated with replicas of the murals found at the archeological zone and old photographs of native cultures. It also hosts dances, expositions and other cultural
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passed through in 1813, signing a document acknowledging the local indigenous laws regarding agricultural practices, and demanding the withdrawal of an ecclesiastical request to send money to Spain to fight the French. While
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by 8th century CE, then migrated. By the mid-15th century, the Aztecs and the Matlazincas had something of an understanding. However, in 1476, the Aztecs subjected this area to their empire under the rule of
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sculptures with religious themes, most done in the 18th century, but the three main attractions are the image of the Christ of Chalma image itself, a sculpture of the Archangel Michel and a painting of the
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Outside of the center of town, there are many small neighborhoods, each having its own chapel. Most of these chapels were built between the 16th and the 17th centuries and many of these, such as those of
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are seven arches. Some experts claim this was an open air chapel but others state they were simply entrance arches. Local legend links these arches to the first seven Augustine friars to arrive to
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history of Malinalco dating back to its prehispanic origins. The walls function in many ways that are beneficial including erosion control and creating habitat for flora and fauna. The word
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344:, where according to legend, an image of a Black Christ miraculously appeared in a cave that was devoted to the god Oxtoteotl. It is the second-most visited shrine in Mexico, after the
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the remaining tecorrales as a first step in their protection. It is hoped this becomes an ongoing project that links families within the pueblo to their important historical home.
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with red tile roofs, some of which are painted bright colors. Almost all the houses from the finest to the most humble have fruit trees in their yards, The streets are paved in
401:, from which rises a figure that simulates a low mountain under a malinalli flower. This includes the motto “Your archeology is the perseverance of our race, culture and work” (
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Malinalco has always been associated with magic or sorcery due to the legend that it was the home the goddess Malinalxóchitl. The municipality is home to the famed village of
1137:. The department has a collection of 17,000 books, 3,000 magazines and 250 cases of documents for research and will have both graduate and undergraduate degree programs.
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is named after an Argentine humanist and literary who was enamored by Malinalco, living there for 30 years. He founded the museum, although it is the property of the
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2011:[UAEM inaugurates the Dept. of Philology in Malinalco] (in Spanish). Estado de Mexico: Suplemento Universitario Campus Milenio. 2007-09-20. Archived from
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and on these donkeys can still be found hauling firewood and other burdens. Breads are often still baked in clay ovens that are heated with wood, and homemade
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located in Mexico City. When the Jesuits were expelled in the 18th century, this land was eventually sold to the Count of Regla, Manuel Romero de Terreros.
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Since far in the pre-Hispanic past, Malinalco was considered a magical place, filled with gods and sorcerers. The area shows influences from the
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who had most of the Aztec shrines, temples and other constructions built. including the fort and sanctuary for Aztec military elite. When the
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players wait for requests and pilgrims on their knees can be seen. The facade and the interior of the sanctuary church are of
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Section of the fresco depicting the regional flora and fauna as well as the emblems of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary and the
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Aguilar-Moreno, Manuel (2009). "Chapter 5: Malinalco: A Place between Heaven and Earth". In Christie, Jessica Joyce (ed.).
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1745:. Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long series in Latin American and Latino art and culture. Austin (Tex.): University of Texas.
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An important example of how the tecorrales remain an important aspect of local culture is the arts and community center
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or coat of arms. Instead, it has a logo that was designed by Ernesto Romero Tetazin in 1985. It consists of the
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1993:[Dr. Luis Mario Schneider University Museum] (in Spanish). Instituto Latinoamericano de Museos.
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Landscapes of Origin in the Americas: Creation Narratives Linking Ancient Places and Present Communities
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came, they took over this hacienda, which was productive enough to support many of the expenses of the
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Townsend, Richard F. (1982). "Malinalco and the Lords of Tenochtitlan". In Boone, Elizabeth H. (ed.).
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tribe, who left to settle in what is now Malinalco and intermarried with the people already there.
1319:[Archeological Zone of Malinalco, State of Mexico] (in Spanish). CD Travel. Archived from
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The area is popular with tourists, with several nightclubs and other venues popular on weekends.
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Malinalco is set in a semi-enclosed valley, surrounded by cliffs. The houses are mostly made of
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1557:"Secretaría del Medio Ambiente entrega a Malinalco planta de reciclaje y tratamiento de basura"
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important to appreciating the long history of the region and its connection to Malinalxóchitl.
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art, done by indigenous artists. On the first level of the monastery, the murals depict the
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conquered the area in the 1470s, and established a sanctuary for their military elite, the
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banana trees. A traditional drink to have with the meal is pineapple juice prepared with
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Unlike most other municipalities in the state of Mexico, Malinalco does not use an Aztec
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1347:[Malinaco, place of the zacate flower] (in Spanish). Mexico: Mexico Desconocido
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significance, the remaining tecorrales are under threat and need better protection.
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1290:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal.
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The hills of Malinalco are grazed by cows and sheep; the Spanish had very large
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and is quite high for a rural church. The Plateresque elements include angels,
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is often sold by street vendors. Malinalco's traditional culinary specialty is
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were the first to arrive and begin the evangelization process, followed by the
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1768:"Temporary migration in Malinalco. Subsistence agriculture in times of crisis"
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1710:(in Spanish). Mexico City: Grupo Editorial Impresiones Aéreas: 3e8–43. 2008.
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Another version of the story has Malinalxóchitl as the leader of a dissident
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Mexico Desconocido Guia Especial Pueblos Con Encanto Estado de Mexico
1288:"Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México Estado de Mexico Malinalco"
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1750 meters above sea level and is bordered by the municipalities of
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2038:"Malinalco, Archeological site, Eagle and Jaguar worrior, Mexico"
1559:(in Spanish). Portal de Gobierno del Estado de Mexico. 2009-04-29
1829:(in Spanish). Grupo Editorial Impresiones Aéreas. Archived from
1668:. Mexico City: Grupo Editorial Impresiones Aéreas: 22–31. 2007.
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Pilgrimage: from the Ganges to Graceland, An Encyclopedia Vol 1
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1507:. Mexico City: Ediciones Nueva Guia SA de CV. pp. 49–53.
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Exterior of the Temple and ex-monastery of the Divino Salvador
1398:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. pp.
1960:[The monolithic temple of Malinalco, Mexico State].
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The Art and Iconography of Late Post-Classic Central Mexico
1345:"Malinalco. Lugar de la flor del zacate (Estado de México)"
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was in charge of subduing the populations of Malinalco and
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Tu arqueología constancia de nuestra raza cultura y trabajo
1207:. Swimming and basketball facilities are also available.
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The best-known community outside of the municipal seat is
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starting in 1911. By 1913, Zapatistas and troops loyal to
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and the state of Morelos. Malinalco is wedged between the
2009:"La UAEM inauguró Departamento de Filología en Malinalco"
1368:(in Spanish). State of Mexico. 2008-02-15. Archived from
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The death of Aztec Tenochtitlan, the life of Mexico City
1366:"Chalma, el santuario más visitado en época de cuaresma"
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and found it necessary to employ indigenous people as
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1958:"El templo monolítico de Malinalco, Estado de México"
1770:. Popline (Knowledge for Health (K4Health) Project).
333:. Malinalco is 115 km (71 mi) southwest of
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1586:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. pp. 119–120.
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1534:[Proposal to rescue the San Miguel River]
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23:Town & Municipality in State of Mexico, Mexico
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981:Detail of Mural at Divino Salvador in Malinalco
1991:"Museo Universitario Dr. Luis Mario Schneider"
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1123:Doctor Luis Mario Schneider University Museum
752:meat. The south of the municipality produces
622:both claimed this area. During the regime of
8:
1890:
1888:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1203:. The town has a second division club named
526:, the inhabitants of Malinalco resisted the
1606:Quintanar Hinojosa, Beatriz (August 2007).
1577:
1575:
1573:
1199:The first sport practiced in Malinalco was
329:in the south of the western portion of the
2071:
2057:
2049:
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1693:
1691:
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1301:
405:). To the left is the word Malinaltepetl.
25:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1612:Guía México Desconocido: Estado de Mexico
1538:(in Spanish). Mexico: Escuela de Agua A.C
1526:
1524:
1453:
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1447:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1127:Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
880:, both to the north of Malinalco proper.
1662:Mexico Desconocido Guia Estado de Mexico
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
896:
860:and many politicians from Mexico State.
638:
2763:Populated places in the State of Mexico
1827:"El Cristo de Chalma, Estado de México"
1731:Catálogo de Localidades, SEDESOL, 2016.
1503:Novo, Gerardo; Jorge de la Luz (2002).
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602:Due to its proximity to the state of
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254:
226:
218:
199: • Municipal President
197:
184:
164:
7:
1882:Bus terminal Chalma website, 2016.
1608:"Malinalco: El paraiso misterioso"
1142:Casa de Cultura or Cultural Center
366:The name Malinalco comes from the
14:
2044:from the original on 26 May 2014.
1997:from the original on 26 May 2014.
1774:from the original on 26 May 2014.
1294:from the original on 26 May 2014.
346:Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
94:
2736:
2080:
1043:
1029:
553:Cross outside of Divino Salvador
464:According to mythology, the god
152:
93:
86:
73:
58:
43:
16:For the archeological site, see
1873:Terminal de Autobuses de Chalma
986:Cuauhtinchan Archeological Zone
945:Sanctuary of the Lord of Chalma
840:Sanctuary of the Lord of Chalma
576:San Pedro and San Pablo College
1460:"Malinalco, iman para famosos"
18:Malinalco (archeological site)
1:
635:Populated places in Malinalco
610:territory during most of the
1235:José Maria de Yermo y Parres
1195:Sports facility in Malinalco
984:The major attraction is the
898:
451:Mountain cliffs of Malinalco
399:seal of the nation of Mexico
374:, which is a kind of grass (
210:1,740 m (5,710 ft)
2673:Valle de Chalco Solidaridad
2488:San Martín de las Pirámides
884:Communication and transport
856:, ex regent of Mexico City
785:, handcrafts, particularly
583:Mexican War of Independence
480:House of the Eagle warriors
432:Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
2789:
2208:Chalco de Díaz Covarrubias
1741:Mundy, Barbara E. (2018).
587:José María Morelos y Pavon
49:Panoramic shot of the town
15:
2734:
2093:
1766:Szasz, Pianta I. (1993).
1135:Latin American literature
924:Gerardo Baldemar Chaqueco
594:and the liberals won the
386:, which means flower and
220: • Municipality
202:Gerardo Baldemar Chaqueco
112:
81:
72:
54:
42:
35:
2035:Archaeological Site Map
1458:Andrade Barajas, Elvia.
1187:Sports and entertainment
908:Gerardo Baldemar Reynoso
858:Oscar Espinoza Villareal
695:San Andrés Nicolás Bravo
2553:Tenancingo de Degollado
2508:Soyaniquilpan de Juárez
2478:San Felipe del Progreso
2243:Coacalco de Berriozábal
1968:: 68–73. Archived from
1956:Noguez, Xavier (2006).
967:Saint Nicolas Tolentino
37:Town & Municipality
2128:Almoloya de Alquisiras
1729:Municipio de Malinalco
1205:Colibríes de Malinalco
1196:
1117:
1109:
982:
841:
565:. However, it was the
554:
481:
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310:Spanish pronunciation:
2498:San Simón de Guerrero
1194:
1116:Templo de San Nicolás
1115:
1107:
1009:on the shores of the
980:
839:
552:
479:
450:
382:in Spanish, the word
273:Postal code (of seat)
257: • Summer (
132:18.94833°N 99.49472°W
2173:Atizapán de Zaragoza
1962:Arqueología Mexicana
1323:on 25 December 2007.
1075:and the conch shell
744:, stewed rabbit and
380:zacate del carbonero
314:[maliˈnalko]
2633:Tlalnepantla de Baz
2483:San José del Rincón
2473:San Antonio la Isla
2403:Naucalpan de Juárez
2278:Ecatepec de Morelos
1936:Aguilar-Moreno 2009
1921:Aguilar-Moreno 2009
1505:The State of Mexico
990:Cerro de los Idolos
959:Virgin of Guadalupe
748:make with frog and
620:Venustiano Carranza
137:18.94833; -99.49472
128: /
2268:Cuautitlán Izcalli
2133:Almoloya de Juárez
1878:2016-08-17 at the
1197:
1150:Tlakuikani Gallery
1118:
1110:
983:
916:Vidal Pérez Vargas
842:
612:Mexican Revolution
555:
482:
453:
2773:Nahua settlements
2745:
2744:
2563:Tenango del Valle
2313:Ixtapan de la Sal
1801:978-1-57607-004-8
1752:978-1-4773-1713-6
1409:978-0-8173-1673-0
1108:La Soledad church
971:Passion of Christ
954:Neoclassic design
931:
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713:
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675:San Simón el Alto
643:Populated places
624:Victoriano Huerta
303:
302:
228: • Seat
2780:
2740:
2683:Villa del Carbón
2678:Villa de Allende
2558:Tenango del Aire
2493:San Mateo Atenco
2248:Coatepec Harinas
2138:Almoloya del Río
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1853:"Chalma, Mexico"
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1343:Sáenz, Claudia.
1340:
1325:
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1296:
1295:
1284:
1047:
1033:
919:2012–2015
911:2009–2012
897:
878:El Coyotito Rojo
639:
616:Genovevo de la O
606:, Malinalco was
499:Valley of Mexico
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186:Municipal Status
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2768:Pueblos Mágicos
2748:
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2318:Ixtapan del Oro
2099:
2089:
2087:State of Mexico
2079:
2077:
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2018:
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2007:
2006:
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1989:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1973:
1955:
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1902:on 12 June 2009
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532:Andrés de Tapia
524:Spanish arrived
466:Huitzilopochtli
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361:Jaguar warriors
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2105:Municipalities
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1964:(in Spanish).
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1833:on 3 July 2012
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2040:. Uwe Duerr.
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2015:on 2009-12-18
2014:
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1706:"Malinalco".
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2718:Zinacantepec
2598:Texcaltitlán
2578:Tepetlaoxtoc
2377:
2303:Huixquilucan
2238:Chimalhuacán
2017:. Retrieved
2013:the original
2003:
1985:
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1794:. ABC-CLIO.
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927:2016–
889:Cuernavaca.
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319:municipality
305:
304:
298:(in Spanish)
249:(US Central)
181:12th century
2723:Zumpahuacán
2708:Zacazonapan
2628:Tlalmanalco
2603:Texcalyacac
2593:Tequixquiac
2588:Tepotzotlán
2573:Teotihuacán
2533:Temascalapa
2503:Santo Tomás
2448:Otzolotepec
2228:Chicoloapan
2218:Chapultepec
2178:Atlacomulco
1160:Santa Maria
1091:style. The
1089:Aztec codex
1069:Plateresque
870:Las Caritas
866:petroglyphs
812:El Tecorral
778:of Mexico.
599:buildings.
581:During the
559:Franciscans
540:encomiendas
486:Teotihuacan
424:Zumpahuacán
335:Mexico City
135: /
2752:Categories
2703:Xonacatlán
2583:Tepetlixpa
2568:Teoloyucan
2463:Polotitlán
2443:Otzoloapan
2423:Nopaltepec
2408:Nextlalpan
2358:Juchitepec
2353:Joquicingo
2348:Jocotitlán
2343:Jiquipilco
2338:Jilotzingo
2323:Ixtlahuaca
2308:Ixtapaluca
2298:Hueypoxtla
2293:Huehuetoca
2263:Cuautitlán
2253:Cocotitlán
2233:Chiconcuac
2019:2009-10-29
1976:2009-10-29
1938:, p.
1923:, p.
1807:2009-07-27
1563:2009-10-29
1542:2009-10-29
1466:2009-10-29
1437:2009-10-29
1351:2009-10-29
1242:References
1180:La Soledad
1176:San Andres
1164:San Martin
1015:Abu Simbel
793:Tecorrales
705:Jalmolonga
648:Population
630:Demography
596:Reform War
563:Dominicans
503:Ocuiltecos
428:Tenancingo
416:Joquicingo
321:inside of
290:.malinalco
215:Population
194:Government
123:99°29′41″W
120:18°56′54″N
2758:Malinalco
2713:Zacualpan
2698:Xalatlaco
2663:Tultitlán
2653:Tonanitla
2528:Temamatla
2523:Tejuplico
2458:Papalotla
2428:Ocoyoacac
2378:Malinalco
2333:Jilotepec
2283:Ecatzingo
2258:Coyotepec
2203:Capulhuac
2153:Amecameca
2098:(capital)
1716:1870-9419
1674:1870-9400
1624:1870-9400
1618:: 22–31.
1213:haciendas
1172:San Pedro
1153:carvings.
1131:Philology
1098:New Spain
939:Monuments
787:alebrijes
666:Malinalco
608:Zapatista
516:Axayacatl
409:Geography
378:) called
372:malinalli
317:) is the
306:Malinalco
268:(Central)
237:Time zone
207:Elevation
101:Malinalco
30:Malinalco
2728:Zumpango
2658:Tultepec
2648:Tonatico
2638:Tlatlaya
2623:Timilpan
2613:Tezoyuca
2513:Sultepec
2373:Luvianos
2328:Jaltenco
2223:Chiautla
2198:Calimaya
2193:Ayapango
2188:Axapusco
2183:Atlautla
2168:Atizapán
2148:Amatepec
2143:Amanalco
2042:Archived
1995:Archived
1896:"Chalma"
1876:Archived
1772:Archived
1292:Archived
1219:vaqueros
1201:football
1011:Dead Sea
950:mariachi
893:Politics
800:tecorral
783:Casa Mia
716:The town
546:itself.
520:Ahuizotl
505:and the
2608:Texcoco
2548:Temoaya
2518:Tecámac
2433:Ocuilan
2398:Morelos
2388:Metepec
2118:Acolman
2113:Acambay
1906:29 July
1858:29 July
1837:29 July
1376:29 July
1145:events.
1081:mestizo
1077:friezes
1067:simple
934:Culture
823:Economy
817:mapping
771:tequila
766:soursop
750:ajolote
746:tamales
660:25,624
604:Morelos
572:Jesuits
536:Ocuilán
490:Toltecs
460:History
420:Ocuilan
384:xóchitl
376:Poaceae
368:Nahuatl
283:Website
246:Central
178:Founded
148:Country
2643:Toluca
2453:Ozumba
2438:Otumba
2363:La Paz
2288:El Oro
2163:Atenco
2158:Apaxco
2123:Aculco
2096:Toluca
1798:
1749:
1714:
1672:
1622:
1511:
1406:
1093:atrium
999:Ellora
948:where
846:Chalma
781:At la
758:sapote
754:mezcal
742:iguana
738:Chalma
730:pulque
709:1,019
699:1,535
689:1,827
685:Chalma
679:2,643
669:8,045
471:Mexica
353:Aztecs
342:Chalma
327:Toluca
223:22,970
160:Mexico
157:
2468:Rayón
2368:Lerma
1536:(PDF)
1400:57–76
1019:Egypt
1007:Petra
1003:India
903:Time
900:Mayor
775:vodka
762:mamey
734:trout
722:adobe
655:Total
507:Otomi
395:glyph
370:word
357:Eagle
277:52440
266:UTC-5
242:UTC-6
231:6,523
167:State
1908:2009
1860:2009
1839:2009
1796:ISBN
1747:ISBN
1712:ISSN
1670:ISSN
1620:ISSN
1509:ISBN
1404:ISBN
1378:2009
1178:and
1148:The
1140:The
1121:The
1062:The
1013:and
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876:and
764:and
557:The
359:and
351:The
292:.gob
189:1826
64:Seal
1666:136
1616:136
1017:in
1001:in
294:.mx
288:www
259:DST
2754::
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1940:64
1925:59
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