960:, as only 17% of its habitat occurs in conservation reserves in the Kimberley Region. Small populations on the northern Pentecost and Isdell Rivers are at the highest risk of extirpation, and urgently need a fine-scale targeted approach to help conserve them. A strategy that maintains connectivity across the species distribution and reduces continuing riparian degradation needs to be implemented. Suggested management actions needed at key sites are controlling access of stock and feral herbivores to riparian areas and excluding livestock from riparian zones; reducing the incidence of intense fires that affect fire-sensitive riparian vegetation by implementing improved fire-regimes; controlling the spread of weeds (by identifying and removing them); preservation of quality riparian habitat (involving both on and off-reserve protection); and restoring riparian habitat, especially in areas of high risk.
51:
975:). The Australian Wildlife Conservancy (AWC) is protecting riparian vegetation on its Mornington-Marion Downs, and Pungalina-Seven Emu sanctuaries by implementing a program of fire management (EcoFire) and introducing herbivore control. EcoFire is a landscape-scale fire management program of the central and north Kimberley (involving 11 properties covering four million hectares including indigenous communities and pastoralists), and helps protect the fire-sensitive vegetation crucial for the survival of the purple-crowned fairywren.
944:
recorded. The species disappeared from the lower
Fitzroy River around the 1920s with the introduction of sheep and cattle grazing, and subsequent replacement of native riparian vegetation by weeds. They disappeared from a large section of the Ord River following construction of the Ord River Dam and subsequent flooding of the area. Finally, a more recent study in the Victoria River region reported ongoing population decline in response to intensive cattle grazing of river frontages. The distribution of
603:
by the presence of cheeks patches and the deep blue color of their tails. The plumage is brown overall, with the wings more greyish brown and the belly cream-buff. The blue tail is long and upright, and all except the central pair of feathers are broadly tipped with white. Their bill is black and the legs and feet are brownish grey. Although there is a slight geographical variation between the two subspecies, only the difference in colour of mantle is noticeable in the field. The crown and nape of
112:
774:. Only the females build the small dome shaped nests constructed mainly of fine rootlets, grass, leaves and strips of bark. Pairs may produce up to three broods per year. A clutch containing 2β3 eggs is laid over successive days, and is incubated by only females for 14 days, and chicks fledge after ten days. Fledglings are unable to fly and stay in dense cover for a week and are fed by members of the family group for at least another three weeks.
591:
350:
233:
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generally consist of a breeding pair that is helped by one to six offspring from previous broods, and helpers may stay with their parents for several years before attempting to breed. Only the dominant pair in a group reproduces, and individuals can remain un-reproductive subordinates for several years. These subordinates help raise the offspring, improving productivity as well as the survival of the breeding pair.
87:
2674:
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black mask with black cheek patches and an off-white to pale grey orbital ring. The adult female differs in having a blue-tinged grey crown, chestnut ear-coverts, and a greenish blue tail. Immature birds are very similar to adult females except for a duller coloration, a brown crown, and longer tail, though male birds start to show black feathers on the face by six to nine months
799:
been recorded. Most dispersal occurs when helpers abandon their natal territories in search of their own breeding territory. Dispersal is sex-biased with most subordinate males remaining in their natal territory or moving to neighbouring territories, while females generally disperse further. Females are capable of both long-distance and between-catchment dispersal.
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620:
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The population genetic structure of the species suggests it generally disperses along waterways. The average natal dispersal of the purple-crowned fairywren is less than 3 km (1.9 mi) of river distance in quality habitat, but movements of up to 70 km (43 mi) of river distance have
677:
The purple-crowned fairywren is a riparian habitat specialist that occurs in patches of dense river-fringing vegetation in northern
Australia. Its preferred habitat, which lines the permanent freshwater creeks and rivers, consists of a well-developed mid-storey that is composed of dense shrubs (i.e.
635:
Within a group, males who are breeding molt into their bright crown earlier than their non-breeding subordinates, and do so even sooner after heavy rains the preceding season. Experiments have demonstrated that breeding males view more colourful plumage among nearby males as a source of competition,
738:
and lives in sedentary groups that maintain their territories, often arranged linearly along creeks and rivers, year-round. However, unlike other species in the genus that are highly promiscuous, purple-crowned fairywrens display high levels of fidelity and low rates of extra-pair paternity. Groups
631:
During the breeding season, adult males develop the spectacular bright purple feathers on their crown. This is bordered by a black face mask and capped with an oblong black spot on top of the head. During the non-breeding season, the male's colourful crown is replaced by grey/brown feathers and its
602:
The purple-crowned fairywren is a small, sexually dimorphic, bird measuring approximately 14 cm (5.5 in) in length, with a wing-span of approximately 16 cm (6.3 in) and weighing only 9β13 g (0.32β0.46 oz). It can be differentiated from other North
Australian fairywrens
328:
The purple-crowned fairywren inhabits riparian habitat with dense vegetation, such as well-developed midstoreys composed of dense shrubs or tall, dense thickets of river grass. Unlike the related superb fairywren, it has not adapted to urbanised habitats very well and has suffered severe population
320:
Like other fairywrens, the purple-crowned fairywren is socially monogamous. However, unlike other species in the genus, it is not sexually promiscuous and shows low rates of extra-pair paternity. However, females with related males as partners will mate with other individuals. This is thought to be
881:
from introduced herbivores, weeds, fire, flooding and mining. Introduced herbivores seeking water eat and trample riparian vegetation that purple-crowned fairywrens rely on for foraging, nesting and shelter. More frequent and/or more intense fires are detrimental as they can modify both the extent
876:
will lay their eggs in the nest of purple-crowned fairywrens. Given the spatial arrangement of small populations in patchily distributed habitat across northern
Australia, the species is potentially vulnerable to decline from loss of fairly small areas of habitat. The purple-crowned fairywren's
943:
estimate that the overall population size is possibly as low as 10,000, given the extent of available habitat. The species has suffered severe declines in population. It now only occurs on a subset of the waterways where they were previously found. Specifically, three substantial declines are
508:
Combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA from the purple-crowned fairywren genome suggest that its lineage diverged from those of the splendid and superb fairywrens c. 7β8 million years ago. More recently, the purple-crowned fairywren appears to have diverged from a group that now includes the
785:
that can reduce the negative effects of inbreeding (although social monogamy occurs in about 90% of avian species, an estimated 90% of socially monogamous species exhibit individual promiscuity in the form of extra-pair copulations, i.e. copulation outside the pair bond). Although there are
807:
The species is mainly insectivorous. Birds consume a range of small invertebrates such as beetles, ants, bugs, wasps, grasshoppers, moths, larvae, spiders, and worms and small quantities of seeds. They forage for their prey amongst foliage and in the leaf litter on the ground that may have
665:
The species occurs across the wet-dry tropics of northern
Australia, and is found in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, in the Victoria River region of the Northern Territory, and in the south-western sub-coastal region of the Gulf of Carpentaria in Queensland. Whilst the speciesβ
666:
distribution spans more than 1,500 km (930 mi), it is constrained by the quality and extent of riparian vegetation along waterways. A natural geographic barrier of approximately 300 km (190 mi) of unsuitable habitat separates the two subspecies. The western subspecies
67:
644:
The song of the purple-crowned fairywren is distinct from that of other fairywrens β it is of lower pitch, and quite loud. Breeding pairs use song to communicate and use duets to ward off itinerant fairywrens from their territory. Three calls have been recorded: a loud reel
786:
ecological and demographic constraints on extra pair matings, 43% of broods produced by incestuously paired females contained extra pair young. In general, inbreeding is avoided because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness (inbreeding depression) largely due to the
747:
Group territories are maintained throughout the year, and usually the same site (or area) is used year after year. The spatial arrangement of purple-crowned fairywren territories differ depending on what plant species dominate the understory. Territories in
920:. However, the two recognised subspecies receive separate national conservation management listings. In 2015, the Australian Federal Government upgraded the conservation status of the western subspecies from Vulnerable to Endangered. According to the
752:
are usually arranged in a linear fashion, and generally occupy between 50β300 m (160β980 ft) of river length, whereas territories may be arranged in a mosaic pattern in areas where the understory consists of tall river-grasses such as
399:
in 1913. Subspecies designation was originally based on differences in plumage coloration and body size of museum skins. More recent genetic analyses continue to support this split. The species has also been placed in the monotypic genus
903:
decreased by 50% over a two-year period at two sites in the
Victoria River District where grazing and trampling was allowed around habitat patches. Very low breeding success from nest predation was attributed to black rats at one site.
2549:
van Doorn, A; Woinarski JCZ; Werner PA (2015). "Livestock grazing affects habitat quality and persistence of the threatened Purple-crowned Fairy-wren "Malurus coronatus" in the
Victoria River District, Northern Territory, Australia".
824:
of 8.3 years is derived from an average age at first breeding of 2.3 years, an annual survival of adults of 78.0%, and a maximum longevity in the wild of 17 years, with all values estimated from extrapolations of data from other
317:. Purple-crowned fairywrens can be distinguished from other fairywrens in northern Australia by the presence of cheek patches (either black in males or reddish-chocolate in females) and the deep blue colour of their perky tails.
968:
The
Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA) joined with Wungurr Rangers and pastoralists in the north-west Kimberley in an effort to protect parts of their habitat by removing Ornamental rubbervine
882:
and structure of riparian vegetation. Interactions between climate change and habitat degradation are also likely, with the negative impacts of floods likely to be worse for populations living in degraded habitat.
2469:
Skroblin, A; Legge S (2012). "The influence of fine-scale habitat requirements and riparian degradation on the distribution of the purple-crowned fairy-wren ("Malurus coronatus coronatus") in northern
Australia".
2008:
Skroblin, A; Legge S (2012). "The influence of fine-scale habitat requirements and riparian degradation on the distribution of the purple-crowned fairy-wren ("Malurus coronatus coronatus") in northern
Australia".
66:
341:
are chief concerns for the population. The Australian government and conservation groups have active conservation interventions for the species, including for fire and invasive species management.
2572:"Conservation of the patchily distributed and declining purple- crowned fairy-wren ("Malurus coronatus coronatus") across a vast landscape: the need for a collaborative landscape-scale approach"
309:
meaning "crown", owing to the distinctive purple circle of crown feathers sported by breeding males. Genetic evidence shows that the purple-crowned fairywren is most closely related to the
899:
Predation by invasive species such as feral cats and black rats is also a threat as degradation of the understory causes a reduction of shelter exposing birds to predation. Populations of
696:
as seen in the Victoria River District. A tall dense canopy of emergent trees, used as a temporary refuge during flooding events that submerge the mid-storey, is often dominated by
2421:
Kingma, SA; Hall ML; Peters A (2011). "No evidence for offspring sex-ratio adjustment to social or environmental conditions in cooperatively breeding purple-crowned fairy-wrens".
956:
The protection of riparian vegetation needs to be a priority for managers of all land tenures to ensure their persistence. Active conservation is more urgent for the endangered
808:
accumulated as debris during floods. Group members will forage separately, hopping rapidly through the dense undergrowth, but remain in contact with each other by making soft
2194:
van Doorn, A; Low Choy J (2009). "A description of the primary habitat of the purple-crowned fairy-wren ("Malurus coronatus coronatus") in the Victoria River District, N.T".
674:
occurs along most rivers draining into south-western and southern Gulf of Carpentaria from Roper River in Northern Territory to Leichhardt and Flinders Rivers in Queensland.
762:
Breeding can occur at any time throughout the year, if conditions are suitable, with peaks in the early (March to May) and late (August to November) dry season. Most
1189:
Skroblin, A; Cockburn A; Legge S (2014). "The population genetics of the purple-crowned fairy-wren ("Malurus coronatus coronatus"), a declining riparian passerine".
3199:
1993:
Smith, LA; Johnstone RE (1977). "Status of the purple-crowned wren ("Malurus coronatus") and buff-sided robin ("Poecilodryas superciliosa") in Western Australia".
1971:
Boekel, C (1979). "Notes on the status and behaviour of the purple-crowned fairy-wren "Malurus coronatus" in the Victoria River Downs area, Northern Territory".
3238:
670:
occurs in the midsections of large river catchments that drain the Central Kimberley Plateau, and along sections of the Victoria River. The eastern subspecies
690:), as seen in the Kimberley region or areas of 1.5β2 m (4 ft 11 in β 6 ft 7 in) tall, dense thickets of river grass dominated by
3292:
1244:
Christidis L, Schodde R (1997). "Relationships within the Australo-Papuan Fairy-wrens (Aves: Malurinae): an evaluation of the utility of allozyme data".
1923:
Skroblin, A; Legge S (2010). "The distribution and status of the western subspecies of the purple-crowned fairy-wren ("Malurus coronatus coronatus")".
1698:
Rowley, I; Russell E (1993). "The Purple-crowned Fairy-wren "Malurus coronatus". 2. Breeding biology, social organisation, demography and management".
3302:
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3212:
830:
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1627:
2285:
3312:
376:
372:
1773:
Fan, Marie; Teunissen, Niki; Hall, Michelle; Aranzamendi, Nataly; Kingma, Sjouke; Roast, Michael; Delhey, Kaspar; Peters, Anne (2018).
1449:
1393:"A phylogenetic hypothesis for passerine birds: taxonomic and biogeographic implications of an analysis of nuclear DNA sequence data"
1220:
836:
Numerous native animals potentially prey on eggs and nestlings of the purple-crowned fairywren, such as small semi-aquatic monitors (
3322:
2717:
1286:"Relationships within the Australo-Papuan Fairy-wrens (Aves : Malurinae) : an Evaluation of the Utility of Allozyme Data"
3317:
404:, but protein evidence supports its placement in the current genus. Alternative names for the purple-crowned fairywren include
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an adaptation to avoid inbreeding depression. They build small dome-shaped nests in which 2β3 eggs are laid, with up to three
359:
3217:
50:
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per year. It is mainly insectivorous, feeding on a wide variety of invertebrates, and supplements its diet with seeds.
3124:
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1885:
Rowley, Ian (1993). "The Purple-crowned Fairy-wren Malurus coronatus. 1. History, distribution and present status".
3243:
2854:
1596:
450:
111:
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2884:
857:
698:
368:
1843:
Hall, ML; Peters A (2008). "Coordination between the sexes for territorial defence in a duetting fairy-wren".
1775:"From ornament to armament or loss of function? Breeding plumage acquisition in a genetically monogamous bird"
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Marki, Petter; Jonsson, Knud; Irestedt, Martin; Nguyen, Jacqueline; Rahbek, Carsten; Fjeldsa, Jon (2016).
1253:
454:
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1534:"Supermatrix phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian Meliphagides radiation (Aves: Passeriformes)"
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is slightly bluer, and its mantle and upper back has weak blue-grey shading, whereas the slightly larger
2710:
2629:
2312:
913:
778:
704:
680:
330:
206:
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2505:
Hall, R (1902). "Notes on a collection of bird skins from the Fitzroy River, north-western Australia".
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781:(greater than 30% reduction in hatchability of eggs). Females paired with related males may undertake
3103:
2859:
2834:
2824:
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2479:
2430:
2158:
2147:"Multiple benefits of cooperative breeding in purple-crowned fairy-wrens: a consequence of fidelity?"
2086:
2018:
1932:
1894:
1786:
1735:"No fitness benefits of early molt in a fairy-wren: relaxed sexual selection under genetic monogamy?"
1707:
1545:
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1102:
1091:"Multiple benefits of cooperative breeding in purple-crowned fairy-wrens: a consequence of fidelity?"
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33:
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76:
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1948:
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829:. The oldest confirmed record of a wild individual is a minimum age of 12 years according to the
710:
449:. It is also sometimes placed as a sister to clade including the two "blue wrens" along with the
442:
334:
314:
106:
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3147:
3002:
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1305:
1147:
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 5: Tyrant-flycatchers to Chats
1120:
838:
286:
173:
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may be close to 10,000 mature individuals in a single subpopulation, while recent surveys of
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3012:
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1500:
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878:
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392:
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Incestuous matings by the purple-crowned fairywren result in severe fitness costs due to
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2483:
2434:
2162:
2090:
2022:
1936:
1898:
1790:
1711:
1549:
1468:
1106:
996:
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2119:
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1392:
529:
1487:
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3225:
2772:
2491:
2171:
2146:
2030:
1115:
1090:
1005:
921:
849:
653:β a contact call between birds in a group when foraging, and an alarm call β a harsh
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has a browner back, as well as a buff-coloured, rather than white, breast and belly.
497:
354:
322:
96:
91:
2450:
2361:
1952:
1864:
1826:
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has been severely reduced since the subspecies was first discovered 140 years ago.
3269:
3152:
2240:
581:, previously considered a separate species, it is found in north-central Australia.
493:
485:
469:
441:, commonly known as fairywrens. Within the genus it is most closely related to the
3139:
2404:
2345:
1856:
367:
The purple-crowned fairywren was first collected in 1855 and 1856 by the explorer
2596:
2257:
1325:"A Species Tree for the Australo-Papuan Fairy-wrens and Allies (Aves: Maluridae)"
820:
The time to maturity for purple-crowned fairywrens is one year for both sexes. A
65:
17:
3186:
3070:
2214:"Breeding synchronization facilitates extrapair mating for inbreeding avoidance"
1557:
782:
3061:
2673:
1600:
3264:
2905:
2876:
2442:
1533:
556:
545:
489:
468:. It was previously classified as a member of the Old World flycatcher family
380:
222:
1416:
1309:
464:
Like other fairywrens, the purple-crowned fairywren is unrelated to the true
2957:
2754:
2727:
2230:
2213:
1799:
1774:
1751:
1477:
1343:
763:
477:
473:
163:
123:
2695:
2615:
2396:
2375:
Charlesworth D, Willis JH (2009). "The genetics of inbreeding depression".
2180:
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2109:
1818:
1575:
1496:
1434:
1408:
1377:
1352:
1124:
1089:
Kingma, Sjouke A.; Hall, Michelle L.; Arriero, Elena; Peters, Anne (2010).
2659:
2353:
1285:
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These evolutionary radiations followed an earlier split of the grasswrens
3256:
3055:
787:
296:
143:
29:
Species of songbird endemic to northern Australia in the family Maluridae
1809:
1367:
289:
family, Maluridae. It is the largest of the eleven species in the genus
3178:
3098:
2799:
1566:
437:
291:
183:
1906:
1719:
619:
3191:
1391:
Barker, F Keith; Barrowclough, George F; Groth, Jeff G (2002-02-07).
532:
from what would become the emu-wrens and fairy wrens approximately 23
133:
3165:
3032:
2686:
2388:
1944:
1301:
1267:
1198:
895:), a prolific invasive weed of northern Australian riparian habitats
2259:
The Myth of Monogamy: Fidelity and Infidelity in Animals and People
1366:
Schodde, Richard; Royal Australasian Ornithologists' Union (1975).
885:
766:
have been recorded close to the ground in thickets of river grass,
3160:
884:
716:
618:
589:
348:
300:
2520:
1658:
Barrett, G; Silcocks A; Barry S; Cunningham R; Poulter R (2003).
924:, the western subspecies meets the criteria for being listed as
917:
465:
282:
153:
3036:
2699:
2332:
Morell, V. (1998). "Evolution of sex: A new look at monogamy".
329:
loss in some areas. While the species overall is considered of
1450:"Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation"
990:
988:
481:
484:
analysis has shown the family Maluridae to be related to the
1601:"Lyrebirds, scrubbirds, bowerbirds & Australasian wrens"
299:
to northern Australia. The species name is derived from the
889:
Male purple-crowned fairywren in a patch of noogoora burr (
1279:
1277:
1221:"Malurus coronatus (Purple-crowned Fairywren) β Avibase"
912:
The purple-crowned fairywren is currently classified as
1628:"Subspecies: Malurus (Malurus) coronatus macgillivrayi"
1397:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
623:
Crown of the male purple-crowned fairywren (subspecies
379:. The species was first described by the ornithologist
2521:"Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment"
1372:. Melbourne: Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union.
1046:
Bird Families of the World: Fairy-wrens and Grasswrens
333:
for conservation, its western subspecies is listed as
2464:
2462:
2460:
2075:"Radical loss of an extreme extra-pair mating system"
2073:
Kingma, SA; Hall ML; Segelbacher G; Peters A (2009).
1693:
1691:
1689:
1323:
Lee, June Y.; Joseph, Leo; Edwards, Scott V. (2012).
872:. Many Malurids are major cuckoo hosts in Australia.
594:
Male and female purple-crowned fairywren (subspecies
383:
in 1858. The specific name comes from the Latin word
2525:
Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
2299:: 62β7. Archived from the original on March 11, 2011
1687:
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2902:
2895:
2873:
2796:
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1662:. Melbourne: Royal Australian Ornithologists Union.
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and is found in north-western regions of Australia.
2256:
2145:Kingma, SA; Hall ML; Arriero E; Peters A (2010).
1020:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22703760A93935604.en
2565:
2563:
2561:
1369:Interim list of Australian songbirds: passerines
928:while the eastern subspecies meets criteria for
353:An illustration of purple-crowned fairywrens by
2544:
2542:
2540:
1918:
1916:
1457:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1145:Higgins, PJ; Peter JM (2001). Steele WK (ed.).
2059:. Melbourne: Birds Australia CSIRO Publishing.
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1072:"Purple-crowned Fairywren (Malurus coronatus)"
2711:
2416:
2414:
2255:Lipton, Judith Eve; Barash, David P. (2001).
2140:
2138:
2068:
2066:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1284:Christidis, Leslie; Schodde, Richard (1997).
1171:The Fairy-Wrens: A Monograph of the Maluridae
1164:
1162:
1160:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
790:expression of deleterious recessive alleles.
8:
1988:
1986:
1070:Rowley, Ian; Russell, Eleanor (2020-03-04).
1039:
1037:
476:before being placed in the newly recognised
472:and later as a member of the warbler family
2263:. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company.
1838:
1836:
636:and behave more aggressively towards them.
385:
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63:
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2687:Explore Species: Purple-crowned Fairywren
2605:
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2212:Kingma, SA; Hall, ML; Peters, A. (2013).
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2057:The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010
1808:
1798:
1750:
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1486:
1476:
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1342:
1257:
1114:
1018:
435:It is one of eleven species in the genus
2055:Garnett, ST; Szabo JK; Dutson G (2011).
1527:
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1523:
1521:
984:
2310:
831:Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme
2689:at eBird (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
1607:. International Ornithologists' Union
1538:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
734:, the purple-crowned fairywren is a
730:Like all other species in the genus
461:, also called the bicoloured wrens.
3293:IUCN Red List least concern species
2423:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1006:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2630:"AWC Fire management spatial data"
2286:"MonogamyβA variable relationship"
877:greatest threat is degradation or
25:
1660:The New Atlas of Australian Birds
2672:
2658:
2492:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02331.x
2429:(6) (65th ed.): 1203β1213.
2172:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01697.x
2031:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02331.x
1173:. Melbourne: Lansdowne Editions.
1116:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01697.x
561:western purple-crowned fairywren
337:. Livestock grazing, fires, and
110:
3303:Birds of the Northern Territory
2634:Australian Wildlife Conservancy
2017:(8) (37(8) ed.): 874β884.
1599:; Donsker, David, eds. (2017).
995:BirdLife International (2016).
58:Male purple-crowned fairy-wren
2570:Skroblin, A; Legge S (2013a).
2554:(4) (115th ed.): 302β308.
2478:(8) (37th ed.): 874β884.
1044:Rowley, I; Russell, E (1997).
684:and/or a freshwater mangrove,
525:around six million years ago.
1:
2346:10.1126/science.281.5385.1982
2196:Northern Territory Naturalist
1995:Western Australian Naturalist
1857:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.01.010
1290:Australian Journal of Zoology
1246:Australian Journal of Zoology
1191:Australian Journal of Zoology
972:Cryptostegia madagascariensis
2597:10.1371/journal.pone.0064942
2582:(5) (8th ed.): e64942.
1626:Australia, Atlas of Living.
3091:Malurus_(Malurus)_coronatus
1605:World Bird List Version 7.3
1558:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.021
559:, 1858): Also known as the
430:purple-crowned wren-warbler
3339:
3313:Endemic birds of Australia
2855:White-shouldered fairywren
1193:(62nd ed.): 251β259.
874:Horsfield's bronze-cuckoos
571:M. coronatus macgillivrayi
548:are currently recognized:
451:white-shouldered fairywren
31:
2443:10.1007/s00265-010-1133-7
2317:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2151:Journal of Animal Ecology
1997:(13th ed.): 185β188.
1779:Journal of Animal Ecology
1095:Journal of Animal Ecology
496:in the large superfamily
395:described the subspecies
239:
230:
212:
205:
107:Scientific classification
105:
83:
74:
62:
57:
48:
44:Purple-crowned fairywren
43:
3323:Taxa named by John Gould
2978:White-throated grasswren
2885:Orange-crowned fairywren
2850:Purple-crowned fairywren
2085:(1) (9th ed.): 15.
1851:(76th ed.): 65β73.
1013:: e.T22703760A93935604.
937:M. c. macgillivrayi
935:The population size for
699:Eucalyptus camaldulensis
672:M. c. macgillivrayi
661:Distribution and habitat
605:M. c. macgillivrayi
579:MacGillivray's fairywren
480:in 1975. More recently,
397:M. c. macgillivrayi
369:Joseph Ravenscroft Elsey
345:Taxonomy and systematics
273:purple-crowned fairywren
32:Not to be confused with
3318:Birds described in 1858
2926:Rufous-crowned emu-wren
2830:Blue-breasted fairywren
2820:Purple-backed fairywren
2509:(1st ed.): 87β112.
2284:Reichard, U.H. (2002).
2198:(21st ed.): 24β33.
1973:Australian Bird Watcher
1800:10.1111/1365-2656.12855
1478:10.1073/pnas.0401892101
1151:Oxford University Press
1050:Oxford University Press
862:common brown tree snake
687:Barringtonia acutangula
577:, 1913): Also known as
511:blue-breasted fairywren
410:lilac-crowned fairywren
3008:Thick-billed grasswren
2988:Short-tailed grasswren
2983:Carpentarian grasswren
2865:White-winged fairywren
2783:Broad-billed fairywren
2110:10.1186/1472-6785-9-15
1448:Barker, Keith (2004).
1409:10.1098/rspb.2001.1883
896:
693:Chionachne cyanthopoda
628:
599:
553:M. coronatus coronatus
455:white-winged fairywren
422:purple-crowned warbler
406:crowned superb warbler
386:
364:
360:The Birds of Australia
305:
2241:10.1093/beheco/art078
2231:10.1093/beheco/art078
1752:10.1093/beheco/arx065
1344:10.1093/sysbio/syr101
888:
850:yellow-spotted goanna
779:inbreeding depression
726:Behaviour and ecology
705:Melaleuca leucadendra
622:
593:
352:
2860:Red-backed fairywren
2835:Red-winged fairywren
2825:Variegated fairywren
2788:Campbell's fairywren
2669:at Wikimedia Commons
964:Conservation efforts
958:M. c. coronatus
946:M. c. coronatus
941:M. c. coronatus
901:M. c. coronatus
743:Breeding and nesting
668:M. c. coronatus
647:cheepa-cheepa-cheepa
609:M. c. coronatus
523:variegated fairywren
515:red-winged fairywren
459:red-backed fairywren
34:purple-crowned fairy
3308:Birds of Queensland
3018:Kalkadoon grasswren
2763:Wallace's fairywren
2737:Subfamily Malurinae
2588:2013PLoSO...864942S
2484:2012AusEc..37..874S
2435:2011BEcoS..65.1203K
2340:(5385): 1982β1983.
2293:Max Planck Research
2163:2010JAnEc..79..757K
2091:2009BMCE....9...15K
2023:2012AusEc..37..874S
1937:2010EmuAO.110..339S
1899:1993EmuAO..93..220R
1791:2018JAnEc..87.1274F
1733:Fan, Marie (2017).
1712:1993EmuAO..93..235R
1550:2017MolPE.107..516M
1469:2004PNAS..10111040B
1463:(30): 11040β11045.
1225:avibase.bsc-eoc.org
1169:Schodde, R (1982).
1107:2010JAnEc..79..757K
892:Xanthium strumarium
768:C. cyanthopoda
756:C. cyanthopoda
736:cooperative breeder
565:nominate subspecies
536:million years ago.
426:purple-crowned wren
77:Conservation status
2993:Striated grasswren
2845:Splendid fairywren
2218:Behavioral Ecology
1739:Behavioral Ecology
1330:Systematic Biology
1076:Birds of the World
897:
783:extra pair matings
711:Melaleuca argentea
681:Pandanus aquaticus
629:
600:
443:splendid fairywren
418:mauve-crowned wren
414:lilac-crowned wren
365:
315:splendid fairywren
281:) is a species of
3280:
3279:
3270:Malurus-coronatus
3077:Malurus coronatus
3047:Malurus coronatus
3039:Taxon identifiers
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3003:Western grasswren
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2916:Southern emu-wren
2896:Tribe Stipiturini
2891:
2890:
2810:Emperor fairywren
2680:Malurus coronatus
2666:Malurus coronatus
2663:Media related to
2270:978-0-7167-4004-9
1907:10.1071/mu9930220
1720:10.1071/mu9930235
1403:(1488): 295β308.
999:Malurus coronatus
858:common tree snake
839:Varanus mitchelli
803:Diet and foraging
772:P. aquaticus
391:, meaning crown.
287:Australasian wren
278:Malurus coronatus
269:
268:
216:Malurus coronatus
198:M. coronatus
100:
68:
18:Malurus coronatus
16:(Redirected from
3330:
3273:
3272:
3260:
3259:
3247:
3246:
3234:
3233:
3221:
3220:
3208:
3207:
3195:
3194:
3182:
3181:
3169:
3168:
3156:
3155:
3143:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3120:
3119:
3107:
3106:
3104:680AC77FEADF08DC
3094:
3093:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3034:
2998:Eyrean grasswren
2952:
2900:
2840:Superb fairywren
2815:Lovely fairywren
2749:
2742:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2697:
2677:Data related to
2676:
2662:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2599:
2567:
2556:
2555:
2546:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2466:
2455:
2454:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2290:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2262:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2233:
2224:(6): 1390β1397.
2209:
2200:
2199:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2102:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2052:
2035:
2034:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1957:
1956:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1882:
1869:
1868:
1845:Animal Behaviour
1840:
1831:
1830:
1812:
1802:
1785:(5): 1274β1285.
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1754:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1695:
1664:
1663:
1655:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1569:
1529:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1505:
1499:. Archived from
1490:
1480:
1454:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1261:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1186:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1155:
1154:
1142:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1022:
992:
870:pheasant coucals
854:Gilbert's dragon
845:V. mertensi
812:sounding calls.
519:lovely fairywren
447:superb fairywren
389:
339:invasive species
311:superb fairywren
308:
256:
243:
235:
218:
115:
114:
94:
89:
88:
70:
69:
53:
41:
21:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3268:
3263:
3255:
3252:Observation.org
3250:
3242:
3237:
3229:
3224:
3216:
3211:
3203:
3198:
3190:
3185:
3177:
3172:
3164:
3159:
3151:
3146:
3138:
3136:
3128:
3123:
3115:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3089:
3084:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3041:
3031:
3022:
3013:Dusky grasswren
2973:Black grasswren
2930:
2921:Mallee emu-wren
2887:
2869:
2792:
2765:
2731:
2724:
2693:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2569:
2568:
2559:
2548:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2527:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2472:Austral Ecology
2468:
2467:
2458:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2389:10.1038/nrg2664
2377:Nat. Rev. Genet
2374:
2373:
2369:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2309:
2302:
2300:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2100:10.1.1.358.3255
2072:
2071:
2064:
2054:
2053:
2038:
2011:Austral Ecology
2007:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1970:
1969:
1960:
1945:10.1071/mu10029
1922:
1921:
1914:
1884:
1883:
1872:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1697:
1696:
1667:
1657:
1656:
1645:
1636:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1302:10.1071/zo96068
1283:
1282:
1275:
1268:10.1071/ZO96068
1259:10.1.1.694.5285
1243:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1199:10.1071/ZO13087
1188:
1187:
1178:
1168:
1167:
1158:
1144:
1143:
1132:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1069:
1068:
1057:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1025:
1023:
994:
993:
986:
981:
966:
954:
930:Near Threatened
910:
879:loss of habitat
822:generation time
818:
805:
796:
745:
728:
663:
642:
617:
588:
542:
506:
393:Gregory Mathews
347:
265:
257: Range of
254:
252:
244: Range of
241:
226:
220:
214:
201:
109:
101:
90:
86:
79:
64:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3336:
3334:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3285:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3261:
3248:
3235:
3222:
3209:
3196:
3183:
3170:
3157:
3144:
3134:
3121:
3108:
3095:
3082:
3067:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2968:Grey grasswren
2964:
2962:
2949:
2946:Amytornithinae
2940:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2746:
2745:Tribe Malurini
2739:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2700:
2691:
2690:
2684:
2683:at Wikispecies
2670:
2654:
2653:External links
2651:
2648:
2647:
2621:
2557:
2536:
2512:
2497:
2456:
2410:
2383:(11): 783β96.
2367:
2324:
2276:
2269:
2247:
2201:
2186:
2157:(4): 757β768.
2134:
2062:
2036:
2000:
1982:
1958:
1931:(4): 339β347.
1912:
1893:(4): 220β234.
1870:
1832:
1765:
1725:
1706:(4): 235β250.
1665:
1643:
1632:bie.ala.org.au
1618:
1588:
1517:
1440:
1383:
1358:
1337:(2): 253β271.
1315:
1296:(2): 113β129.
1273:
1252:(2): 113β129.
1236:
1212:
1176:
1156:
1149:. Oxford, UK:
1130:
1081:
1055:
1033:
983:
982:
980:
977:
965:
962:
953:
950:
909:
906:
817:
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724:
662:
659:
641:
638:
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613:
587:
584:
583:
582:
568:
541:
538:
530:Amytornithinae
505:
502:
377:Robinson River
373:Victoria River
346:
343:
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253:
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236:
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28:
24:
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4:
3:
2:
3335:
3324:
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3319:
3316:
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3304:
3301:
3299:
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3258:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3201:
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3180:
3175:
3171:
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3158:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3131:
3126:
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3109:
3105:
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3096:
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3087:
3083:
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3035:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
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2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2953:
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2948:
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2927:
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2917:
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2913:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2898:
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2879:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2773:Chenorhamphus
2768:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
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3071:Wikispecies
2079:BMC Ecology
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1597:Gill, Frank
1567:10852/65203
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1026:16 November
586:Description
492:), and the
490:honeyeaters
363:, 1840-1848
3287:Categories
3265:Xeno-canto
2944:Subfamily
2906:Stipiturus
2877:Clytomyias
2530:2021-02-23
1758:6 November
1637:2020-11-02
1581:6 November
1510:5 November
1230:2017-12-03
1048:. Oxford:
979:References
926:Endangered
833:database.
788:homozygous
546:subspecies
540:Subspecies
521:, and the
457:, and the
381:John Gould
335:endangered
2958:Amytornis
2755:Sipodotus
2728:Maluridae
2095:CiteSeerX
1417:0962-8452
1310:1446-5698
1254:CiteSeerX
794:Dispersal
504:Evolution
478:Maluridae
474:Sylviidae
250:coronatus
192:Species:
174:Maluridae
130:Kingdom:
124:Eukaryota
3231:22703760
3205:10460353
3117:22703760
3112:BirdLife
3062:Q1584142
3056:Wikidata
2616:23734229
2576:PLOS ONE
2451:23946002
2397:19834483
2362:31391458
2303:24 April
2181:20443991
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1953:86403589
1865:53156871
1827:49415262
1819:29943467
1576:28017855
1497:15263073
1435:11839199
1353:21978990
1207:84297899
1125:20443991
816:Survival
750:Pandanus
323:clutches
170:Family:
144:Chordata
140:Phylum:
134:Animalia
120:Domain:
97:IUCN 3.1
3298:Malurus
3179:2487503
3166:pucfai2
3140:pucfai2
3099:Avibase
2800:Malurus
2730:species
2726:Extant
2640:1 April
2607:3667184
2584:Bibcode
2480:Bibcode
2431:Bibcode
2354:9767050
2334:Science
2159:Bibcode
2120:2693124
2087:Bibcode
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1933:Bibcode
1895:Bibcode
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1708:Bibcode
1546:Bibcode
1465:Bibcode
1426:1690884
1378:3546788
1103:Bibcode
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732:Malurus
575:Mathews
438:Malurus
297:endemic
295:and is
292:Malurus
285:in the
261:subsp.
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185:Malurus
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160:Order:
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717:Ficus
615:Crown
557:Gould
466:wrens
303:word
301:Latin
259:M. c.
246:M. c.
223:Gould
3239:NCBI
3226:IUCN
3213:ITIS
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2612:PMID
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2305:2013
2265:ISBN
2177:PMID
2125:PMID
1815:PMID
1760:2020
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1028:2021
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445:and
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